EP3064764B1 - Bougie d'allumage de micro-ondes destinée à coupler de l'énergie micro-onde - Google Patents

Bougie d'allumage de micro-ondes destinée à coupler de l'énergie micro-onde Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3064764B1
EP3064764B1 EP15157298.9A EP15157298A EP3064764B1 EP 3064764 B1 EP3064764 B1 EP 3064764B1 EP 15157298 A EP15157298 A EP 15157298A EP 3064764 B1 EP3064764 B1 EP 3064764B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microwave
spark plug
high frequency
hollow conductor
combustion chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15157298.9A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3064764A1 (fr
Inventor
Armin Gallatz
Volker Gallatz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MWI MICRO WAVE IGNITION AG
Original Assignee
Mwi Micro Wave Ignition AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mwi Micro Wave Ignition AG filed Critical Mwi Micro Wave Ignition AG
Priority to EP15157298.9A priority Critical patent/EP3064764B1/fr
Priority to US15/009,232 priority patent/US10557452B2/en
Priority to KR1020160023841A priority patent/KR20160107106A/ko
Priority to MX2016002674A priority patent/MX357937B/es
Priority to JP2016040185A priority patent/JP2016186306A/ja
Priority to CN201610122303.XA priority patent/CN105937475B/zh
Publication of EP3064764A1 publication Critical patent/EP3064764A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3064764B1 publication Critical patent/EP3064764B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P23/00—Other ignition
    • F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
    • F02P23/045—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays using electromagnetic microwaves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B9/00—Engines characterised by other types of ignition
    • F02B9/06—Engines characterised by other types of ignition with non-timed positive ignition, e.g. with hot-spots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/02—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with invariable factor of coupling
    • H01P5/022—Transitions between lines of the same kind and shape, but with different dimensions
    • H01P5/024—Transitions between lines of the same kind and shape, but with different dimensions between hollow waveguides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/50—Sparking plugs having means for ionisation of gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
    • H05H1/461—Microwave discharges
    • H05H1/463—Microwave discharges using antennas or applicators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
    • F02B2023/085—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition using several spark plugs per cylinder

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a microwave spark plug for coupling microwave energy into a combustion chamber of an engine and to an internal combustion engine with at least one spark plug.
  • an internal combustion engine in which a fuel-air mixture is spark-ignited by means of microwave radiation in order to drive a piston.
  • a microwave guide is arranged in the cylinder head so that the microwave radiation from the microwave guide reaches the combustion chamber via a ceramic lens which closes the microwave guide off from the combustion chamber.
  • the microwave energy When generating microwave ignition in the combustion chamber, it is very important to bring the microwave energy into the combustion chamber in a controlled manner.
  • the microwave energy must be brought into the vicinity of the motor housing via suitable waveguides and then coupled into the combustion chamber.
  • the conditions of high-frequency technology for waveguiding must be observed and it must be ensured that the microwave energy is controlled, if possible without unintentional reflections and jumps in the wave modes is transmitted.
  • DE102011116340A1 describes an apparatus for passing microwaves into a high pressure container, such as an internal combustion engine.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a possibility with which the microwave energy can be coupled into existing motors.
  • this object is achieved by a microwave spark plug having the features of claim 1. Further advantageous configurations can be found in the subclaims.
  • the object is also achieved by an internal combustion engine with the microwave spark plug according to the invention.
  • the microwave spark plug can be easily inserted into bores in the motor housing, for example in the cylinder head of a reciprocating internal combustion engine.
  • the microwave spark plug has an elongated housing which contains an elongated conical cavity forming a waveguide inside and a microwave window at one end of the cavity, which closes the waveguide from the combustion chamber.
  • Such a microwave spark plug can be introduced into a corresponding bore in an engine housing which is connected to the combustion chamber.
  • there is a thread on the outer circumference of the housing for screwing the microwave spark plug into a motor housing surrounding the combustion chamber. This facilitates the replacement of the microwave spark plugs in a special way and enables the microwave spark plugs to be screwed into existing openings for conventional spark plugs.
  • the waveguide in the microwave spark plug also has, at the other end opposite the microwave window, a connection element of a high-frequency supply line, via which the microwave energy can be supplied with commercially available or special high-frequency connection elements.
  • the connection element has a high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry that differs from the effective high-frequency exit cross-sectional geometry at the end of the microwave window.
  • cross-sectional geometry is understood to mean that it is basically triangular, rectangular, round, oval or can be designed in some other way, wherein the exit cross-sectional geometry differs from the inlet cross-sectional geometry.
  • the term effective is intended to express that this is the cross-sectional geometry that represents the respective point for the opening for the exit of the microwave energy.
  • this cross-sectional geometry effective for the microwave energy could deviate from the cross-sectional geometry at the end of the microwave spark plug, for example in the form that the housing is round, a square microwave window is inserted, but a round cross-sectional geometry is still effective for the microwave energy because the cavity, the is closed by the microwave window, is round.
  • the transition from the high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry at one end of the waveguide to the high-frequency outlet cross-sectional geometry at the other end of the waveguide is continuous.
  • the transition from the high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry to the high-frequency outlet cross-sectional geometry is linear. This enables the microwave spark plug to be manufactured more easily.
  • the high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry is rectangular and the high-frequency outlet cross-sectional geometry is round or oval in order to implement a symmetrical coupling of the microwave energy into the combustion chamber.
  • the ratio of the outer diameter of the thread to the diameter of the waveguide over the length of the thread is therefore particularly preferably in a range of 1.15 and 1.45.
  • the microwave window consists of a high-purity ceramic material with a purity of> 99%, sapphire glass or quartz glass.
  • the microwave window is preferably designed in the form of a disk, the side facing the waveguide being flat and the side facing the combustion chamber being flat or non-flat.
  • the side facing the combustion chamber can be convex or concave, or a point in the form of a cone or a polyhedron.
  • the window is expediently glued, pressed in or shrunk in at the end of the waveguide in order to ensure reliable sealing and simple manufacture.
  • the thickness of the microwave window is half the wavelength of the microwave; H. at about 3 mm to about 7 mm, preferably about 4.5 mm.
  • the thickness of the microwave window is half the wavelength or an integral multiple of half the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the waveguide. This improves the reflective properties and reduces back reflections.
  • the inner surface of the cavity or of the waveguide is of course to be made as smooth as possible. The surface can therefore be coated with a noble metal or copper or made of copper in order to improve the conductivity.
  • the microwave spark plug according to the invention can be used in all internal combustion engines such as reciprocating piston engines or rotary piston engines. Depending on the application, one or more such spark plugs can be arranged at a suitable location in the respective combustion chamber. In addition, protruding tips can also be arranged in the combustion chamber in order to locally increase the field and trigger ignitions. With the embodiment of the microwave spark plug according to the invention, it is possible in a way to reduce the microwave energy Coupling into a combustion chamber without having to make changes to the engine housing in the ideal case.
  • FIG. 1A and Figure 1B show the microwave spark plug 1 with an elongated housing 2 on which a thread 3 is arranged for screwing into a corresponding bore in an engine.
  • the diameter of the microwave spark plug 1 with the thread 2 corresponds to the common diameters for conventional spark plugs.
  • At one end of the housing 2 there is a flange 4 with bores 6 and a groove 5 for receiving a sealing ring 9, not shown in this figure, to which a connection line of a waveguide for transmitting the microwaves can be attached.
  • the fastening requires a precisely fitting covering of the mechanically connected / flanged internal waveguide geometry and the internal geometry of the MW spark plug.
  • any type of fastening such as shape-coded connectors and suitable quick-release fasteners can be used.
  • a ceramic disk 8 is arranged as a microwave window, which can be pressed in, glued in or shrunk.
  • Figure 2 shows in Figure 2A the front plan view of the flange 4 and the line of intersection through the microwave spark plug 1 along the line AA.
  • Figure 2B shows the section through the microwave spark plug 1 along the section line AA with a sealing ring 9 inserted into the groove 5 on the flange 4 and the ceramic disk 8 inserted at the other end of the housing 2
  • Figures 2A and 2B show indicated the thread 3 and inside the housing a cavity 10, which serves as a waveguide for the microwave energy and whose height increases linearly from the height of the opening 7 to a height approaching the diameter of the ceramic disk 8.
  • the diameter of the ceramic disk 8 is slightly larger in order to provide a stop 11 in the housing 2 for the ceramic disk 8.
  • Figure 3 shows similar to in Figure 2 in the Figure 3A an end view of the flange with the section line BB, this time without the in Figure 2 sealing ring 9 shown.
  • Figure 3B shows the longitudinal section through the microwave spark plug 1, the ceramic disk 8 also being removed in this illustration, so that an end-side opening 12 with the stop 11 in the housing 2 for receiving the ceramic disk 8 is visible.
  • the cavity 10 also increases linearly from the width of the opening 7 up to the stop 11, so that when viewed together the Figures 2 and 3 at the stop 11 of the waveguide 10 on the microwave window has a circular configuration.
  • the ceramic disc 8 Since the ceramic disc 8 is arranged in a recess with a stop 11, it is larger than the effective cross section of the exit geometry in the waveguide 10 shortly before the stop 11. Theoretically, the ceramic disc 8 could also have a completely different shape than the exit cross section of the hollow conductor 10, which is round in the exemplary embodiments.
  • FIG. 4 shows the schematic detail of a cylinder 13 of a piston engine with a cylinder head 14, a piston 19 and an inlet area 15 consisting of a plurality of openings.
  • the outlet from the piston 19 is not shown and can be in any known conventional manner.
  • Two bores 17 are provided in the cylinder head, into each of which a microwave spark plug 1 is screwed in order to insert the microwave energy into a combustion chamber 18 via the microwave window 8.
  • a microwave spark plug 1 is screwed in order to insert the microwave energy into a combustion chamber 18 via the microwave window 8.
  • it makes sense to couple in microwave energy with the same frequency and the same phase position.
  • a frequency deviation and a phase shift are required in other motor operating modes. It may therefore be necessary to use different internal geometries for the microwave spark plugs.
  • a reciprocating piston engine is shown as an example, the spark plug naturally also being able to be used in a rotary piston engine.
  • the use of the microwave spark plug for coupling in the microwave energy can therefore take place in all types of engines in which ignition in the combustion chamber by microwave energy is desired.

Claims (10)

  1. Bougie d'allumage à micro-ondes (1) pour coupler l'énergie de micro-ondes dans une chambre de combustion (18) d'un moteur, comprenant un corps allongé (2) avec une cavité allongée (10) formant un guide d'ondes à l'intérieur et une fenêtre à micro-ondes (8) qui est disposée à une extrémité de la cavité (10) dans le corps (2) et qui ferme le guide d'ondes (10) par rapport à la chambre de combustion (18), dans laquelle
    un filetage (3) pour le vissage dans un carter de moteur entourant la chambre de combustion (18) est disposé sur la circonférence extérieure du corps (2),
    le guide d'ondes (10) présente un élément de raccordement (4) pour une ligne d'alimentation haute fréquence à l'autre extrémité, opposée à la fenêtre à micro-ondes (8),
    l'élément de raccordement (4) présente une géométrie de section transversale d'entrée haute fréquence (7) qui est différente d'une géométrie de section transversale de sortie haute fréquence à la fenêtre à micro-ondes, et
    la transition entre la géométrie de section transversale d'entrée haute fréquence à une extrémité du guide d'ondes (10) et la géométrie de section transversale de sortie haute fréquence à l'autre extrémité du guide d'ondes est progressive.
  2. Bougie d'allumage à micro-ondes selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que la transition entre la géométrie de section transversale d'entrée haute fréquence et la géométrie de section transversale de sortie haute fréquence est linéaire.
  3. Bougie d'allumage à micro-ondes selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que la géométrie de section transversale d'entrée haute fréquence est rectangulaire et la géométrie de section transversale de sortie haute fréquence est ronde ou ovale.
  4. Bougie d'allumage à micro-ondes selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le rapport entre le diamètre extérieur du filetage (3) et le diamètre du guide d'ondes (10) sur la longueur du filetage (3) se situe dans une plage de 1,15 à 1,45.
  5. Bougie d'allumage à micro-ondes selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la surface de paroi intérieure du guide d'ondes (10) est constituée d'un matériau favorisant la conductivité électrique, par exemple de cuivre ou d'un métal précieux.
  6. Bougie d'allumage à micro-ondes selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la fenêtre à micro-ondes est constituée d'un matériau céramique à haute pureté ayant une pureté > 99 %, de verre de saphir ou de verre de quartz.
  7. Bougie d'allumage à micro-ondes selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que la fenêtre à micro-ondes est réalisée en forme de disque, le côté faisant face au guide d'ondes (10) étant plan et le côté faisant face à la chambre de combustion étant plan ou non plan.
  8. Bougie d'allumage à micro-ondes selon la revendication 7, caractérisée en ce que la fenêtre à micro-ondes est collée, pressée ou rétractée dans le corps (2) à l'extrémité du guide d'ondes (10).
  9. Bougie d'allumage à micro-ondes selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'épaisseur de la fenêtre à micro-ondes (8) est égale à la demi-longueur d'onde ou à un multiple entier de la demi-longueur d'onde de l'onde électromagnétique transmise par le guide d'ondes.
  10. Moteur à combustion interne comportant au moins un alésage (17) pour le vissage d'une bougie d'allumage, au moins une chambre de combustion (18) et au moins une soupape d'admission et au moins une soupape d'échappement (15 ; 16), caractérisé en ce qu'une bougie d'allumage à micro-ondes (1) selon l'une des revendications 1 à 9 précédentes est disposée dans ledit au moins un alésage (17).
EP15157298.9A 2015-03-03 2015-03-03 Bougie d'allumage de micro-ondes destinée à coupler de l'énergie micro-onde Active EP3064764B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15157298.9A EP3064764B1 (fr) 2015-03-03 2015-03-03 Bougie d'allumage de micro-ondes destinée à coupler de l'énergie micro-onde
US15/009,232 US10557452B2 (en) 2015-03-03 2016-01-28 Microwave spark plug for injecting microwave energy
KR1020160023841A KR20160107106A (ko) 2015-03-03 2016-02-29 마이크로파 에너지를 주입하기 위한 마이크로파 스파크 플러그
MX2016002674A MX357937B (es) 2015-03-03 2016-02-29 Bujía de microondas para inyectar enería de microondas.
JP2016040185A JP2016186306A (ja) 2015-03-03 2016-03-02 マイクロ波エネルギー注入用のマイクロ波スパークプラグ
CN201610122303.XA CN105937475B (zh) 2015-03-03 2016-03-03 用于注入微波能的微波火花塞

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15157298.9A EP3064764B1 (fr) 2015-03-03 2015-03-03 Bougie d'allumage de micro-ondes destinée à coupler de l'énergie micro-onde

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3064764A1 EP3064764A1 (fr) 2016-09-07
EP3064764B1 true EP3064764B1 (fr) 2020-09-02

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EP15157298.9A Active EP3064764B1 (fr) 2015-03-03 2015-03-03 Bougie d'allumage de micro-ondes destinée à coupler de l'énergie micro-onde

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Country Link
US (1) US10557452B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP3064764B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2016186306A (fr)
KR (1) KR20160107106A (fr)
CN (1) CN105937475B (fr)
MX (1) MX357937B (fr)

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JP2020168494A (ja) * 2020-07-13 2020-10-15 株式会社三洋物産 遊技機
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Publication number Publication date
MX2016002674A (es) 2016-09-02
JP2016186306A (ja) 2016-10-27
KR20160107106A (ko) 2016-09-13
EP3064764A1 (fr) 2016-09-07
CN105937475B (zh) 2018-09-28
US10557452B2 (en) 2020-02-11
CN105937475A (zh) 2016-09-14
US20160265502A1 (en) 2016-09-15
MX357937B (es) 2018-07-31

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