EP3064764B1 - Microwave ignition plug for coupling microwave energy - Google Patents

Microwave ignition plug for coupling microwave energy Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3064764B1
EP3064764B1 EP15157298.9A EP15157298A EP3064764B1 EP 3064764 B1 EP3064764 B1 EP 3064764B1 EP 15157298 A EP15157298 A EP 15157298A EP 3064764 B1 EP3064764 B1 EP 3064764B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
microwave
spark plug
high frequency
hollow conductor
combustion chamber
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP15157298.9A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3064764A1 (en
Inventor
Armin Gallatz
Volker Gallatz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
MWI MICRO WAVE IGNITION AG
Original Assignee
Mwi Micro Wave Ignition AG
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Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mwi Micro Wave Ignition AG filed Critical Mwi Micro Wave Ignition AG
Priority to EP15157298.9A priority Critical patent/EP3064764B1/en
Priority to US15/009,232 priority patent/US10557452B2/en
Priority to MX2016002674A priority patent/MX357937B/en
Priority to KR1020160023841A priority patent/KR20160107106A/en
Priority to JP2016040185A priority patent/JP2016186306A/en
Priority to CN201610122303.XA priority patent/CN105937475B/en
Publication of EP3064764A1 publication Critical patent/EP3064764A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP3064764B1 publication Critical patent/EP3064764B1/en
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02P—IGNITION, OTHER THAN COMPRESSION IGNITION, FOR INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES; TESTING OF IGNITION TIMING IN COMPRESSION-IGNITION ENGINES
    • F02P23/00—Other ignition
    • F02P23/04—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays
    • F02P23/045—Other physical ignition means, e.g. using laser rays using electromagnetic microwaves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B9/00—Engines characterised by other types of ignition
    • F02B9/06—Engines characterised by other types of ignition with non-timed positive ignition, e.g. with hot-spots
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01P—WAVEGUIDES; RESONATORS, LINES, OR OTHER DEVICES OF THE WAVEGUIDE TYPE
    • H01P5/00—Coupling devices of the waveguide type
    • H01P5/02—Coupling devices of the waveguide type with invariable factor of coupling
    • H01P5/022—Transitions between lines of the same kind and shape, but with different dimensions
    • H01P5/024—Transitions between lines of the same kind and shape, but with different dimensions between hollow waveguides
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/02—Details
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T13/00—Sparking plugs
    • H01T13/50—Sparking plugs having means for ionisation of gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05H—PLASMA TECHNIQUE; PRODUCTION OF ACCELERATED ELECTRICALLY-CHARGED PARTICLES OR OF NEUTRONS; PRODUCTION OR ACCELERATION OF NEUTRAL MOLECULAR OR ATOMIC BEAMS
    • H05H1/00—Generating plasma; Handling plasma
    • H05H1/24—Generating plasma
    • H05H1/46—Generating plasma using applied electromagnetic fields, e.g. high frequency or microwave energy
    • H05H1/461—Microwave discharges
    • H05H1/463—Microwave discharges using antennas or applicators
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B23/00—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation
    • F02B23/08—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition
    • F02B2023/085—Other engines characterised by special shape or construction of combustion chambers to improve operation with positive ignition using several spark plugs per cylinder

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a microwave spark plug for coupling microwave energy into a combustion chamber of an engine and to an internal combustion engine with at least one spark plug.
  • an internal combustion engine in which a fuel-air mixture is spark-ignited by means of microwave radiation in order to drive a piston.
  • a microwave guide is arranged in the cylinder head so that the microwave radiation from the microwave guide reaches the combustion chamber via a ceramic lens which closes the microwave guide off from the combustion chamber.
  • the microwave energy When generating microwave ignition in the combustion chamber, it is very important to bring the microwave energy into the combustion chamber in a controlled manner.
  • the microwave energy must be brought into the vicinity of the motor housing via suitable waveguides and then coupled into the combustion chamber.
  • the conditions of high-frequency technology for waveguiding must be observed and it must be ensured that the microwave energy is controlled, if possible without unintentional reflections and jumps in the wave modes is transmitted.
  • DE102011116340A1 describes an apparatus for passing microwaves into a high pressure container, such as an internal combustion engine.
  • the present invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a possibility with which the microwave energy can be coupled into existing motors.
  • this object is achieved by a microwave spark plug having the features of claim 1. Further advantageous configurations can be found in the subclaims.
  • the object is also achieved by an internal combustion engine with the microwave spark plug according to the invention.
  • the microwave spark plug can be easily inserted into bores in the motor housing, for example in the cylinder head of a reciprocating internal combustion engine.
  • the microwave spark plug has an elongated housing which contains an elongated conical cavity forming a waveguide inside and a microwave window at one end of the cavity, which closes the waveguide from the combustion chamber.
  • Such a microwave spark plug can be introduced into a corresponding bore in an engine housing which is connected to the combustion chamber.
  • there is a thread on the outer circumference of the housing for screwing the microwave spark plug into a motor housing surrounding the combustion chamber. This facilitates the replacement of the microwave spark plugs in a special way and enables the microwave spark plugs to be screwed into existing openings for conventional spark plugs.
  • the waveguide in the microwave spark plug also has, at the other end opposite the microwave window, a connection element of a high-frequency supply line, via which the microwave energy can be supplied with commercially available or special high-frequency connection elements.
  • the connection element has a high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry that differs from the effective high-frequency exit cross-sectional geometry at the end of the microwave window.
  • cross-sectional geometry is understood to mean that it is basically triangular, rectangular, round, oval or can be designed in some other way, wherein the exit cross-sectional geometry differs from the inlet cross-sectional geometry.
  • the term effective is intended to express that this is the cross-sectional geometry that represents the respective point for the opening for the exit of the microwave energy.
  • this cross-sectional geometry effective for the microwave energy could deviate from the cross-sectional geometry at the end of the microwave spark plug, for example in the form that the housing is round, a square microwave window is inserted, but a round cross-sectional geometry is still effective for the microwave energy because the cavity, the is closed by the microwave window, is round.
  • the transition from the high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry at one end of the waveguide to the high-frequency outlet cross-sectional geometry at the other end of the waveguide is continuous.
  • the transition from the high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry to the high-frequency outlet cross-sectional geometry is linear. This enables the microwave spark plug to be manufactured more easily.
  • the high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry is rectangular and the high-frequency outlet cross-sectional geometry is round or oval in order to implement a symmetrical coupling of the microwave energy into the combustion chamber.
  • the ratio of the outer diameter of the thread to the diameter of the waveguide over the length of the thread is therefore particularly preferably in a range of 1.15 and 1.45.
  • the microwave window consists of a high-purity ceramic material with a purity of> 99%, sapphire glass or quartz glass.
  • the microwave window is preferably designed in the form of a disk, the side facing the waveguide being flat and the side facing the combustion chamber being flat or non-flat.
  • the side facing the combustion chamber can be convex or concave, or a point in the form of a cone or a polyhedron.
  • the window is expediently glued, pressed in or shrunk in at the end of the waveguide in order to ensure reliable sealing and simple manufacture.
  • the thickness of the microwave window is half the wavelength of the microwave; H. at about 3 mm to about 7 mm, preferably about 4.5 mm.
  • the thickness of the microwave window is half the wavelength or an integral multiple of half the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the waveguide. This improves the reflective properties and reduces back reflections.
  • the inner surface of the cavity or of the waveguide is of course to be made as smooth as possible. The surface can therefore be coated with a noble metal or copper or made of copper in order to improve the conductivity.
  • the microwave spark plug according to the invention can be used in all internal combustion engines such as reciprocating piston engines or rotary piston engines. Depending on the application, one or more such spark plugs can be arranged at a suitable location in the respective combustion chamber. In addition, protruding tips can also be arranged in the combustion chamber in order to locally increase the field and trigger ignitions. With the embodiment of the microwave spark plug according to the invention, it is possible in a way to reduce the microwave energy Coupling into a combustion chamber without having to make changes to the engine housing in the ideal case.
  • FIG. 1A and Figure 1B show the microwave spark plug 1 with an elongated housing 2 on which a thread 3 is arranged for screwing into a corresponding bore in an engine.
  • the diameter of the microwave spark plug 1 with the thread 2 corresponds to the common diameters for conventional spark plugs.
  • At one end of the housing 2 there is a flange 4 with bores 6 and a groove 5 for receiving a sealing ring 9, not shown in this figure, to which a connection line of a waveguide for transmitting the microwaves can be attached.
  • the fastening requires a precisely fitting covering of the mechanically connected / flanged internal waveguide geometry and the internal geometry of the MW spark plug.
  • any type of fastening such as shape-coded connectors and suitable quick-release fasteners can be used.
  • a ceramic disk 8 is arranged as a microwave window, which can be pressed in, glued in or shrunk.
  • Figure 2 shows in Figure 2A the front plan view of the flange 4 and the line of intersection through the microwave spark plug 1 along the line AA.
  • Figure 2B shows the section through the microwave spark plug 1 along the section line AA with a sealing ring 9 inserted into the groove 5 on the flange 4 and the ceramic disk 8 inserted at the other end of the housing 2
  • Figures 2A and 2B show indicated the thread 3 and inside the housing a cavity 10, which serves as a waveguide for the microwave energy and whose height increases linearly from the height of the opening 7 to a height approaching the diameter of the ceramic disk 8.
  • the diameter of the ceramic disk 8 is slightly larger in order to provide a stop 11 in the housing 2 for the ceramic disk 8.
  • Figure 3 shows similar to in Figure 2 in the Figure 3A an end view of the flange with the section line BB, this time without the in Figure 2 sealing ring 9 shown.
  • Figure 3B shows the longitudinal section through the microwave spark plug 1, the ceramic disk 8 also being removed in this illustration, so that an end-side opening 12 with the stop 11 in the housing 2 for receiving the ceramic disk 8 is visible.
  • the cavity 10 also increases linearly from the width of the opening 7 up to the stop 11, so that when viewed together the Figures 2 and 3 at the stop 11 of the waveguide 10 on the microwave window has a circular configuration.
  • the ceramic disc 8 Since the ceramic disc 8 is arranged in a recess with a stop 11, it is larger than the effective cross section of the exit geometry in the waveguide 10 shortly before the stop 11. Theoretically, the ceramic disc 8 could also have a completely different shape than the exit cross section of the hollow conductor 10, which is round in the exemplary embodiments.
  • FIG. 4 shows the schematic detail of a cylinder 13 of a piston engine with a cylinder head 14, a piston 19 and an inlet area 15 consisting of a plurality of openings.
  • the outlet from the piston 19 is not shown and can be in any known conventional manner.
  • Two bores 17 are provided in the cylinder head, into each of which a microwave spark plug 1 is screwed in order to insert the microwave energy into a combustion chamber 18 via the microwave window 8.
  • a microwave spark plug 1 is screwed in order to insert the microwave energy into a combustion chamber 18 via the microwave window 8.
  • it makes sense to couple in microwave energy with the same frequency and the same phase position.
  • a frequency deviation and a phase shift are required in other motor operating modes. It may therefore be necessary to use different internal geometries for the microwave spark plugs.
  • a reciprocating piston engine is shown as an example, the spark plug naturally also being able to be used in a rotary piston engine.
  • the use of the microwave spark plug for coupling in the microwave energy can therefore take place in all types of engines in which ignition in the combustion chamber by microwave energy is desired.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Plasma & Fusion (AREA)
  • Optics & Photonics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Ignition Installations For Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Constitution Of High-Frequency Heating (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft eine Mikrowellenzündkerze zum Einkoppeln von Mikrowellenenergie in einen Brennraum eines Motors sowie ein Verbrennungsmotor mit mindestens einer Zündkerze.The present invention relates to a microwave spark plug for coupling microwave energy into a combustion chamber of an engine and to an internal combustion engine with at least one spark plug.

Aus der DE 10 2009 016 665 A1 ist ein Verbrennungsmotor bekannt, in dem ein Kraftstoff-Luftgemisch mittels Mikrowellenstrahlung fremdgezündet wird, um einen Kolben anzutreiben. Im Zylinderkopf ist eine Mikrowellenleiter angeordnet, so dass die Mikrowellenstrahlung vom Mikrowellenleiter über eine Keramiklinse, die den Mikrowellenleiter gegenüber dem Brennraum abschließt, in den Brennraum gelangt.From the DE 10 2009 016 665 A1 an internal combustion engine is known in which a fuel-air mixture is spark-ignited by means of microwave radiation in order to drive a piston. A microwave guide is arranged in the cylinder head so that the microwave radiation from the microwave guide reaches the combustion chamber via a ceramic lens which closes the microwave guide off from the combustion chamber.

Bei der Erzeugung einer Mikrowellenzündung im Brennraum ist es von großer Wichtigkeit, die Mikrowellenenergie kontrolliert in den Brennraum zu bringen. Hierzu muss die Mikrowellenenergie über geeignete Hohlleiter in die Nähe des Motorgehäuses gebracht und dann in den Brennraum eingekoppelt werden. Dabei sind die Bedingungen der Hochfrequenztechnik bei der Wellenleitung zu beachten und es muss sichergestellt sein, dass die Mikrowellenenergie kontrolliert, möglichst ohne unbeabsichtigte Reflektionen und Sprüngen in den Wellenmoden übertragen wird. Gleichzeitig sollte es auch möglich sein, ohne zu große Aufwendungen bestehende Motoren an eine Mikrowellenenergiequelle anzuschließen.When generating microwave ignition in the combustion chamber, it is very important to bring the microwave energy into the combustion chamber in a controlled manner. For this purpose, the microwave energy must be brought into the vicinity of the motor housing via suitable waveguides and then coupled into the combustion chamber. The conditions of high-frequency technology for waveguiding must be observed and it must be ensured that the microwave energy is controlled, if possible without unintentional reflections and jumps in the wave modes is transmitted. At the same time, it should also be possible to connect existing motors to a microwave energy source without too much effort.

DE102011116340A1 beschreibt eine Vorrichtung zur Durchführung von Mikrowellen in einen Hochdruckbehälter, wie zum Beispiel eine Verbrennungsmaschine. DE102011116340A1 describes an apparatus for passing microwaves into a high pressure container, such as an internal combustion engine.

Der vorliegenden Erfindung liegt daher die Aufgabe zugrunde, eine Möglichkeit vorzuschlagen, mit der die Mikrowellenenergie in bestehende Motoren eingekoppelt werden kann.The present invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a possibility with which the microwave energy can be coupled into existing motors.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch eine Mikrowellenzündkerze mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Weitere vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen sind den Unteransprüchen zu entnehmen. Die Aufgabe wird außerdem gelöst durch einen Verbrennungsmotor mit der erfindungsgemäßen Mikrowellenzündkerze.According to the invention, this object is achieved by a microwave spark plug having the features of claim 1. Further advantageous configurations can be found in the subclaims. The object is also achieved by an internal combustion engine with the microwave spark plug according to the invention.

Die Besonderheit besteht darin, dass in Bohrungen in dem Motorgehäuse, beispielsweise im Zylinderkopf eines Hubkolbenverbrennungsmotors, diese Zündkerze einfach einsetzbar ist. Hierzu weist die Mikrowellenzündkerze ein längliches Gehäuse auf, das im Inneren einen, einen Hohlleiter bildenden länglichen konischen Hohlraum und an einem Ende des Hohlraumes ein Mikrowellenfenster, das den Hohlleiter gegenüber dem Brennraum abschließt, enthält. Eine derartige Mikrowellenzündkerze kann in eine entsprechende Bohrung eines Motorgehäuses, die mit dem Brennraum in Verbindung steht, eingebracht werden. Dazu befindet sich am Außenumfang des Gehäuses ein Gewinde zum Einschrauben der Mikrowellenzündkerze in ein dem Brennraum umgebendes Motorgehäuse. Dies erleichtert in besonderer Art und Weise das Auswechseln der Mikrowellenzündkerzen und ermöglicht das Eindrehen der Mikrowellenzündkerzen in bestehende Öffnungen für herkömmliche Zündkerzen. Der Hohlleiter in der Mikrowellenzündkerze weist außerdem an dem dem Mikrowellenfenster gegenüberliegenden anderen Ende ein Anschlusselement einer Hochfrequenz-Zuführleitung auf, über das mit handelsüblichen oder speziellen Hochfrequenzanschlusselementen die Mikrowellenenergie zugeführt werden kann. Dabei weist das Anschlusselement eine Hochfrequenz-Eintrittsquerschnittsgeometrie auf, die zu der wirksamen Hochfrequenz-Austrittsquerschnittsgeometrie am mikrowellenfensterseitigen Ende verschieden ist. Unter Querschnittsgeometrie wird in diesem Zusammenhang verstanden, dass diese grundsätzlich dreieckförmig, rechteckförmig, rund, oval oder in einer sonstigen Art und Weise gestaltet sein kann, wobei die Austrittsquerschnittsgeometrie sich von der Eintrittsquerschnittsgeometrie unterscheidet. Mit dem Begriff wirksam soll zum Ausdruck gebracht werden, dass es sich hierbei um die Querschnittsgeometrie handelt, die der jeweiligen Stelle für die Öffnung für den Austritt der Mikrowellenenergie darstellt. Konstruktiv bedingt könnte diese für die Mikrowellenenergie wirksame Querschnittsgeometrie von der Querschnittsgeometrie am Ende der Mikrowellenzündkerze abweichen, beispielsweise in der Form, dass das Gehäuse rund ist, ein eckiges Mikrowellenfenster einliegt, aber für die Mikrowellenenergie trotzdem eine runde Querschnittsgeometrie wirksam ist, weil der Hohlraum, der durch das Mikrowellenfenster abgeschlossen wird, rund ist. Der Übergang von der Hochfrequenz-Eintrittsquerschnittsgeometrie am einen Ende des Hohlleiters zu der Hochfrequenzaustrittsquerschnittsgeometrie am anderen Ende des Hohlleiters verläuft stetig. Dies hat den besonderen Vorteil für die Übertragung der Mikrowellenenergie, dass dadurch keine Modensprünge erfolgen und gleichzeitig bei der Einkopplung in den Brennraum eine gewünschte Querschnittsgeometrie bereitgestellt werden kann, die sich in technischer Hinsicht gut gegen den Brennraum abdichten lässt und darüber hinaus auch die Optimierung des Eintritts der Mikrowellenenergie in den Brennraum ermöglicht.The special feature is that this spark plug can be easily inserted into bores in the motor housing, for example in the cylinder head of a reciprocating internal combustion engine. For this purpose, the microwave spark plug has an elongated housing which contains an elongated conical cavity forming a waveguide inside and a microwave window at one end of the cavity, which closes the waveguide from the combustion chamber. Such a microwave spark plug can be introduced into a corresponding bore in an engine housing which is connected to the combustion chamber. For this purpose, there is a thread on the outer circumference of the housing for screwing the microwave spark plug into a motor housing surrounding the combustion chamber. This facilitates the replacement of the microwave spark plugs in a special way and enables the microwave spark plugs to be screwed into existing openings for conventional spark plugs. The waveguide in the microwave spark plug also has, at the other end opposite the microwave window, a connection element of a high-frequency supply line, via which the microwave energy can be supplied with commercially available or special high-frequency connection elements. The connection element has a high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry that differs from the effective high-frequency exit cross-sectional geometry at the end of the microwave window. In this context, cross-sectional geometry is understood to mean that it is basically triangular, rectangular, round, oval or can be designed in some other way, wherein the exit cross-sectional geometry differs from the inlet cross-sectional geometry. The term effective is intended to express that this is the cross-sectional geometry that represents the respective point for the opening for the exit of the microwave energy. Due to the design, this cross-sectional geometry effective for the microwave energy could deviate from the cross-sectional geometry at the end of the microwave spark plug, for example in the form that the housing is round, a square microwave window is inserted, but a round cross-sectional geometry is still effective for the microwave energy because the cavity, the is closed by the microwave window, is round. The transition from the high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry at one end of the waveguide to the high-frequency outlet cross-sectional geometry at the other end of the waveguide is continuous. This has the particular advantage for the transmission of microwave energy that there are no mode hops and at the same time a desired cross-sectional geometry can be provided when coupling into the combustion chamber, which can be sealed off from the combustion chamber from a technical point of view and also optimizes the entrance which allows microwave energy to enter the combustion chamber.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausbildung der Erfindung verläuft der Übergang von der Hochfrequenz-Eintrittsquerschnittsgeometrie zu der Hochfrequenz-Austrittsquerschnittsgeometrie linear. Dies ermöglicht eine einfachere Fertigung der Mikrowellenzündkerze.According to a further embodiment of the invention, the transition from the high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry to the high-frequency outlet cross-sectional geometry is linear. This enables the microwave spark plug to be manufactured more easily.

Gemäß einer weiteren Ausbildung ist die Hochfrequenz-Eintrittsquerschnittsgeometrie rechteckig und die Hochfrequenz-Austrittsquerschnittsgeometrie rund oder oval, um eine symmetrische Einkopplung der Mikrowellenenergie in den Brennraum zu realisieren.According to a further embodiment, the high-frequency inlet cross-sectional geometry is rectangular and the high-frequency outlet cross-sectional geometry is round or oval in order to implement a symmetrical coupling of the microwave energy into the combustion chamber.

Besonders bevorzugt liegt daher das Verhältnis des Außendurchmessers des Gewindes zum Durchmesser des Hohlleiters über die Länge des Gewindes in einem Bereich von 1,15 und 1,45.The ratio of the outer diameter of the thread to the diameter of the waveguide over the length of the thread is therefore particularly preferably in a range of 1.15 and 1.45.

Um möglichst brechungsfrei und reflexionsfrei die Mikrowellenenergie in den Brennraum einzukoppeln besteht das Mikrowellenfenster aus einem hochreinen Keramikmaterial mit einer Reinheit von > 99 %, Saphirglas oder Quarzglas.In order to couple the microwave energy into the combustion chamber with as little refraction and reflection as possible, the microwave window consists of a high-purity ceramic material with a purity of> 99%, sapphire glass or quartz glass.

Vorzugsweise ist das Mikrowellenfenster scheibenförmig ausgebildet, wobei die dem Hohlleiter zugewandte Seite eben und die dem Brennraum zugewandte Seite eben oder nicht-eben ausgebildet ist. Die dem Brennraum zugewandte Seite kann konvex oder konkav ausgebildet sein, oder eine Spitze in Form eines Kegels oder eines Vielflachs. Zweckmäßigerweise ist das Fenster am Ende des Hohlleiters eingeklebt, eingepresst oder eingeschrumpft, um damit eine sichere Abdichtung und einfache Herstellung zu gewährleisten.The microwave window is preferably designed in the form of a disk, the side facing the waveguide being flat and the side facing the combustion chamber being flat or non-flat. The side facing the combustion chamber can be convex or concave, or a point in the form of a cone or a polyhedron. The window is expediently glued, pressed in or shrunk in at the end of the waveguide in order to ensure reliable sealing and simple manufacture.

Vorteilhafterweise liegt die Dicke des Mikrowellenfensters bei der halben Wellenlänge der Mikrowelle, d. h. bei ca. 3 mm bis ca. 7 mm, bevorzugt ca. 4,5 mm.Advantageously, the thickness of the microwave window is half the wavelength of the microwave; H. at about 3 mm to about 7 mm, preferably about 4.5 mm.

Gemäß einer bevorzugten Ausbildung beträgt die Dicke des Mikrowellenfensters die halbe Wellenlänge oder ein ganzzahliges Vielfaches der halben Wellenlänge der durch den Hohlleiter übertragenen elektromagnetischen Welle. Dies verbessert die Reflexionseigenschaften und reduziert die Rückflexionen. Die Innenoberfläche des Hohlraumes bzw. des Hohlleiters ist selbstverständlich möglichst glatt auszubilden. Die Oberfläche kann daher mit einem Edelmetall oder Kupfer beschichtet oder aus Kupfer sein, um die Leitfähigkeit zu verbessern.According to a preferred embodiment, the thickness of the microwave window is half the wavelength or an integral multiple of half the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the waveguide. This improves the reflective properties and reduces back reflections. The inner surface of the cavity or of the waveguide is of course to be made as smooth as possible. The surface can therefore be coated with a noble metal or copper or made of copper in order to improve the conductivity.

Die erfindungsgemäße Mikrowellenzündkerze kann bei allen Verbrennungsmotoren wie Hubkolbenmotoren oder Rotationskolbenmotoren eingesetzt werden. Je nach Anwendungsfall können eine oder mehrere derartige Zündkerzen in den jeweiligen Brennraum an geeigneter Stelle angeordnet sein. Zusätzlich können in dem Brennraum auch hineinragende Spitzen zur lokalen Feldüberhöhung und Auslösung von Zündungen angeordnet sein. Mit der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung der Mikrowellenzündkerze ist es möglich, auf eine Art und Weise die Mikrowellenenergie in ein Brennraum einzukoppeln, ohne das im Idealfall an dem Motorgehäuse Änderungen vorgenommen werden müssen.The microwave spark plug according to the invention can be used in all internal combustion engines such as reciprocating piston engines or rotary piston engines. Depending on the application, one or more such spark plugs can be arranged at a suitable location in the respective combustion chamber. In addition, protruding tips can also be arranged in the combustion chamber in order to locally increase the field and trigger ignitions. With the embodiment of the microwave spark plug according to the invention, it is possible in a way to reduce the microwave energy Coupling into a combustion chamber without having to make changes to the engine housing in the ideal case.

Weitere Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der folgenden Beschreibung in Verbindung mit den Zeichnungen und den Ansprüchen. Die einzelnen Merkmale können je für sich oder zu mehreren Ausführungsformen der Erfindung verwirklicht sein. Es stellen dar:

Figur 1
die perspektivische Ansicht auf eine Mikrowellenzündkerze, auf einen Flansch (Figur 1A) und ein Mikrowellenfenster (Figur 1B);
Figur 2
eine Stirnansicht (Figur 2A) und einen Längsschnitt (Figur 2B) durch die Mikrowellenzündkerze entlang der Linie A-A;
Figur 3
eine Stirnansicht (Figur 3A) und einen Längsschnitt (Figur 3B) entlang der Linie B-B durch die Mikrowellenzündkerze, die gegenüber der Ansicht in Figur 2 um 90° gedreht ist; und
Figur 4
beispielhaft ein Zylinderkopf eines Hub-Kolbenverbrennungsmotors mit einer Mikrowellenzündkerze.
Further features of the invention emerge from the following description in conjunction with the drawings and the claims. The individual features can each be implemented individually or in several embodiments of the invention. They represent:
Figure 1
the perspective view of a microwave spark plug, on a flange ( Figure 1A ) and a microwave window ( Figure 1B );
Figure 2
a front view ( Figure 2A ) and a longitudinal section ( Figure 2B ) through the microwave spark plug along line AA;
Figure 3
a front view ( Figure 3A ) and a longitudinal section ( Figure 3B ) along the line BB through the microwave spark plug opposite the view in Figure 2 is rotated by 90 °; and
Figure 4
for example, a cylinder head of a reciprocating piston internal combustion engine with a microwave spark plug.

Die perspektivischen Ansichten der Figur 1A und Figur 1B zeigen die Mikrowellenzündkerze 1 mit einem länglichen Gehäuse 2 auf dem ein Gewinde 3 zum Einschrauben in eine entsprechende Bohrung in einem Motor angeordnet ist. Der Durchmesser der Mikrowellenzündkerze 1 mit dem Gewinde 2 entspricht den gängigen Durchmessern für herkömmliche Zündkerzen. An einem Ende des Gehäuses 2 befindet sich ein Flansch 4 mit Bohrungen 6 und einer Nut 5 zur Aufnahme eines in Dichtungsringes in dieser Figur nicht gezeigten 9, an den eine Anschlussleitung eines Hohlleiters zur Übertragung der Mikrowellen befestigbar ist. Die Befestigung benötigt eine passgenaue Deckung der mechanisch verbunden/angeflanschten Hohlleiterinnengeometrie und der Innengeometrie der MW-Zündkerze. Deshalb sind jegliche Befestigungen wie formcodierte Steckverbinder und geeignete Schnellverschlüsse verwendbar. In dem Flansch befindet sich eine rechteckige Öffnung 7 zum Einkoppeln der Mikrowellenenergie. Am anderen Ende des länglichen Gehäuses 2, wie in Figur 1B ersichtlich, ist eine Keramikscheibe 8 als Mikrowellenfenster angeordnet, die eingepresst, eingeklebt oder eingeschrumpft sein kann.The perspective views of the Figure 1A and Figure 1B show the microwave spark plug 1 with an elongated housing 2 on which a thread 3 is arranged for screwing into a corresponding bore in an engine. The diameter of the microwave spark plug 1 with the thread 2 corresponds to the common diameters for conventional spark plugs. At one end of the housing 2 there is a flange 4 with bores 6 and a groove 5 for receiving a sealing ring 9, not shown in this figure, to which a connection line of a waveguide for transmitting the microwaves can be attached. The fastening requires a precisely fitting covering of the mechanically connected / flanged internal waveguide geometry and the internal geometry of the MW spark plug. Therefore, any type of fastening such as shape-coded connectors and suitable quick-release fasteners can be used. There is one in the flange rectangular opening 7 for coupling in the microwave energy. At the other end of the elongated housing 2, as in FIG Figure 1B As can be seen, a ceramic disk 8 is arranged as a microwave window, which can be pressed in, glued in or shrunk.

Figur 2 zeigt in Figur 2A die stirnseitige Draufsicht auf den Flansch 4 und die Schnittlinie durch die Mikrowellenzündkerze 1 entlang der Linie A-A. Figur 2B zeigt den Schnitt durch die Mikrowellenzündkerze 1 entlang der Schnittlinie A-A mit einem in die Nut 5 eingelegten Dichtungsring 9 am Flansch 4 und am anderen Ende des Gehäuses 2 die eingesetzte Keramikscheibe 8. Die Figur 2A und 2B zeigen angedeutet das Gewinde 3 und im inneren des Gehäuses einen Hohlraum 10, der als Hohlleiter für die Mikrowellenenergie dient und dessen Höhe sich von der Höhe der Öffnung 7 bis auf eine dem Durchmesser der Keramikscheibe 8 annähernden Höhe linear vergrößert. Der Durchmesser der Keramikscheibe 8 ist geringfügig größer, um einen Anschlag 11 in dem Gehäuse 2 für die Keramikscheibe 8 bereit zu stellen. Figure 2 shows in Figure 2A the front plan view of the flange 4 and the line of intersection through the microwave spark plug 1 along the line AA. Figure 2B shows the section through the microwave spark plug 1 along the section line AA with a sealing ring 9 inserted into the groove 5 on the flange 4 and the ceramic disk 8 inserted at the other end of the housing 2 Figures 2A and 2B show indicated the thread 3 and inside the housing a cavity 10, which serves as a waveguide for the microwave energy and whose height increases linearly from the height of the opening 7 to a height approaching the diameter of the ceramic disk 8. The diameter of the ceramic disk 8 is slightly larger in order to provide a stop 11 in the housing 2 for the ceramic disk 8.

Figur 3 zeigt ähnlich wie in Figur 2 in der Figur 3A eine Stirnansicht auf den Flansch mit der Schnittlinie B-B, diesmal ohne den in Figur 2 gezeigten Dichtungsring 9. Figur 3B zeigt den Längsschnitt durch die Mikrowellenzündkerze 1, wobei in dieser Darstellung auch die Keramikscheibe 8 entfernt ist, so dass eine stirnseitige Öffnung 12 mit dem Anschlag 11 in dem Gehäuse 2 für die Aufnahme der Keramikscheibe 8 sichtbar ist. Der Hohlraum 10 vergrößert sich in dem Ausführungsbeispiel ebenfalls von der Breite der Öffnung 7 linear bis zu dem Anschlag 11, so dass in der Zusammenschau der Figuren 2 und 3 am Anschlag 11 der Hohlleiter 10 an dem Mikrowellenfester eine kreisrunde Ausgestaltung hat. Figure 3 shows similar to in Figure 2 in the Figure 3A an end view of the flange with the section line BB, this time without the in Figure 2 sealing ring 9 shown. Figure 3B shows the longitudinal section through the microwave spark plug 1, the ceramic disk 8 also being removed in this illustration, so that an end-side opening 12 with the stop 11 in the housing 2 for receiving the ceramic disk 8 is visible. In the exemplary embodiment, the cavity 10 also increases linearly from the width of the opening 7 up to the stop 11, so that when viewed together the Figures 2 and 3 at the stop 11 of the waveguide 10 on the microwave window has a circular configuration.

Da die Keramikscheibe 8 in einer Ausnehmung mit Anschlag 11 angeordnet ist, ist sie größer als der wirksame Querschnitt der Austrittsgeometrie in dem Hohlleiter 10 kurz vor dem Anschlag 11. Theoretisch könnte die Keramikscheibe 8 auch eine ganz andere Form aufweisen als der Austrittsquerschnitt des Holleiters 10, der in den Ausführungsbeispielen rund ist.Since the ceramic disc 8 is arranged in a recess with a stop 11, it is larger than the effective cross section of the exit geometry in the waveguide 10 shortly before the stop 11. Theoretically, the ceramic disc 8 could also have a completely different shape than the exit cross section of the hollow conductor 10, which is round in the exemplary embodiments.

Figur 4 zeigt die schematische Ausschnittsdarstellung eines Zylinders 13 eines Kolbenmotors mit einem Zylinderkopf 14, einem Kolben 19 sowie einen aus einer Vielzahl von Öffnungen bestehenden Einlassbereich 15. Der Auslass aus dem Kolben 19 ist nicht dargestellt und kann in jeder bekannten üblichen Art erfolgen. In dem Zylinderkopf sind zwei Bohrungen 17 vorgesehen, in denen jeweils eine Mikrowellenzündkerze 1 eingeschraubt ist, um die Mikrowellenenergie über das Mikrowellenfenster 8 in einen Brennraum 18 einzusetzen. Es ist im bestimmten Motorbetriebsbereiche sinnvoll Mikrowellenenergie gleicher Frequenz und gleicher Phasenlage einzukoppeln. Genauso ist in anderen Motorbetriebsarten eine Frequenzabweichung und eine Phasenverschiebung erforderlich. Deshalb kann es notwendig sein, unterschiedliche Innengeometrieen der Mikrowellenzündkerzen zu verwenden. In dem Ausführungsbeispiel ist exemplarisch ein Hubkolbenmotor dargestellt, wobei die Zündkerze selbstverständlich auch bei einem Rotationskolbenmotor verwendet werden kann. Der Einsatz der Mikrowellenzündkerze zur Einkopplung der Mikrowellenergie kann somit bei allen Motorentypen erfolgen, bei denen eine Zündung im Brennraum durch Mikrowellenenergie erwünscht ist. Figure 4 shows the schematic detail of a cylinder 13 of a piston engine with a cylinder head 14, a piston 19 and an inlet area 15 consisting of a plurality of openings. The outlet from the piston 19 is not shown and can be in any known conventional manner. Two bores 17 are provided in the cylinder head, into each of which a microwave spark plug 1 is screwed in order to insert the microwave energy into a combustion chamber 18 via the microwave window 8. In certain engine operating ranges, it makes sense to couple in microwave energy with the same frequency and the same phase position. In the same way, a frequency deviation and a phase shift are required in other motor operating modes. It may therefore be necessary to use different internal geometries for the microwave spark plugs. In the exemplary embodiment, a reciprocating piston engine is shown as an example, the spark plug naturally also being able to be used in a rotary piston engine. The use of the microwave spark plug for coupling in the microwave energy can therefore take place in all types of engines in which ignition in the combustion chamber by microwave energy is desired.

Claims (10)

  1. A microwave spark plug (1) for injecting microwave energy into a combustion chamber (18) of an engine, comprising
    an elongated housing (2), including an elongated chamber (10) forming a hollow conductor in an interior of the housing, and a microwave window (8) arranged at one end of the hollow conductor (10) in the housing (2), wherein the microwave window closes the hollow conductor (10) relative to a combustion chamber (18), wherein
    a thread (3) for threading into an engine housing defining the combustion chamber (18) is arranged at an outer circumference of the housing (2),
    the hollow conductor (10) includes a connection conductor (4) for a high frequency feed conductor at another end of the hollow conductor arranged distal from the microwave window (8),
    the connection element (4) includes a high frequency inlet cross section geometry (7) which differs from a high frequency outlet cross section geometry at the microwave window, and
    a transition from the high frequency entry cross section geometry at the first end of the hollow conductor (10) to the high frequency outlet cross section geometry at the second end of the hollow conduction is provided continuously.
  2. Microwave spark plug according to claim 1, characterized in that a transition from the high frequency inlet cross section geometry to the high frequency outlet cross section geometry is provided linear.
  3. Microwave spark plug according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the high frequency inlet cross section geometry is rectangular and the high frequency outlet cross section geometry is circular or oval.
  4. Microwave spark plug according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the ratio of the outer diameter of the thread (3) to the diameter of the hollow conductor (10) is in a range of 1.15 - 1.45 over a length of the thread (3).
  5. Microwave spark plug according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the inner wall surface of the hollow conductor (10) is made from a material promoting electrical conductivity, for example copper or a noble metal.
  6. Microwave spark plug according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the microwave window is made from a highly pure ceramic material with a purity greater than 99%, for example sapphire glass or quartz glass.
  7. Microwave spark plug according to claim 6, characterized in that the microwave window is configured disc shaped, wherein the side of the microwave window oriented towards the hollow conductor (10) is flat and the side of the microwave window oriented towards the combustion chamber is configured flat or non-flat.
  8. Microwave spark plug according to claim 7, characterized in that the microwave window is glued, pressed or shrunk into the housing (2) at the end of the hollow conductor (10).
  9. Microwave spark plug according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the thickness of the microwave window (8) is half a wave length or an integer multiple of half the wave length of the electromagnetic wave transmitted through the hollow conductor.
  10. Internal combustion engine with at least one bore hole (17) configured for threading in at least one spark plug, with at least one combustion chamber (18) and with at least one inlet valve (15) and at least one outlet valve (16), characterized in that a microwave spark plug (1) according to one of the preceding claims 1 to 9 is arranged in the at least one bore hole (17).
EP15157298.9A 2015-03-03 2015-03-03 Microwave ignition plug for coupling microwave energy Active EP3064764B1 (en)

Priority Applications (6)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP15157298.9A EP3064764B1 (en) 2015-03-03 2015-03-03 Microwave ignition plug for coupling microwave energy
US15/009,232 US10557452B2 (en) 2015-03-03 2016-01-28 Microwave spark plug for injecting microwave energy
MX2016002674A MX357937B (en) 2015-03-03 2016-02-29 Microwave spark plug for injecting microwave energy.
KR1020160023841A KR20160107106A (en) 2015-03-03 2016-02-29 Microwave spark plug for injecting microwave energy
JP2016040185A JP2016186306A (en) 2015-03-03 2016-03-02 Microwave spark plug for microwave energy injection
CN201610122303.XA CN105937475B (en) 2015-03-03 2016-03-03 Microwave spark plug for injecting microwave energy

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EP15157298.9A EP3064764B1 (en) 2015-03-03 2015-03-03 Microwave ignition plug for coupling microwave energy

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EP3064764A1 EP3064764A1 (en) 2016-09-07
EP3064764B1 true EP3064764B1 (en) 2020-09-02

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US10557452B2 (en) 2020-02-11
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MX357937B (en) 2018-07-31
MX2016002674A (en) 2016-09-02
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US20160265502A1 (en) 2016-09-15
EP3064764A1 (en) 2016-09-07

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