EP3064276B1 - Boiler - Google Patents

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Publication number
EP3064276B1
EP3064276B1 EP16155685.7A EP16155685A EP3064276B1 EP 3064276 B1 EP3064276 B1 EP 3064276B1 EP 16155685 A EP16155685 A EP 16155685A EP 3064276 B1 EP3064276 B1 EP 3064276B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
exhaust gas
gas flow
channel
insulator
boiler
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EP16155685.7A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP3064276A3 (en
EP3064276A2 (en
Inventor
Ernst Gerlinger
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GERLINGER, RAIMUND
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Individual
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/01—Pretreatment of the gases prior to electrostatic precipitation
    • B03C3/014—Addition of water; Heat exchange, e.g. by condensation
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/0005—Details for water heaters
    • F24H9/0042—Cleaning arrangements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/36—Controlling flow of gases or vapour
    • B03C3/361—Controlling flow of gases or vapour by static mechanical means, e.g. deflector
    • B03C3/366—Controlling flow of gases or vapour by static mechanical means, e.g. deflector located in the filter, e.g. special shape of the electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/41—Ionising-electrodes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/40—Electrode constructions
    • B03C3/45—Collecting-electrodes
    • B03C3/49—Collecting-electrodes tubular
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/74—Cleaning the electrodes
    • B03C3/743—Cleaning the electrodes by using friction, e.g. by brushes or sliding elements
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/74—Cleaning the electrodes
    • B03C3/76—Cleaning the electrodes by using a mechanical vibrator, e.g. rapping gear ; by using impact
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C3/00—Separating dispersed particles from gases or vapour, e.g. air, by electrostatic effect
    • B03C3/34—Constructional details or accessories or operation thereof
    • B03C3/74—Cleaning the electrodes
    • B03C3/76—Cleaning the electrodes by using a mechanical vibrator, e.g. rapping gear ; by using impact
    • B03C3/765—Cleaning the electrodes by using a mechanical vibrator, e.g. rapping gear ; by using impact with electromagnetic rappers
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J15/00—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes
    • F23J15/02—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material
    • F23J15/022—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow
    • F23J15/025—Arrangements of devices for treating smoke or fumes of purifiers, e.g. for removing noxious material for removing solid particulate material from the gasflow using filters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J3/00—Removing solid residues from passages or chambers beyond the fire, e.g. from flues by soot blowers
    • F23J3/02—Cleaning furnace tubes; Cleaning flues or chimneys
    • F23J3/023—Cleaning furnace tubes; Cleaning flues or chimneys cleaning the fireside of watertubes in boilers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/04—Ionising electrode being a wire
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/08—Ionising electrode being a rod
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B03—SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS OR USING PNEUMATIC TABLES OR JIGS; MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C—MAGNETIC OR ELECTROSTATIC SEPARATION OF SOLID MATERIALS FROM SOLID MATERIALS OR FLUIDS; SEPARATION BY HIGH-VOLTAGE ELECTRIC FIELDS
    • B03C2201/00—Details of magnetic or electrostatic separation
    • B03C2201/10—Ionising electrode has multiple serrated ends or parts
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23J—REMOVAL OR TREATMENT OF COMBUSTION PRODUCTS OR COMBUSTION RESIDUES; FLUES 
    • F23J2217/00—Intercepting solids
    • F23J2217/10—Intercepting solids by filters
    • F23J2217/102—Intercepting solids by filters electrostatic

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a heating boiler with an electrostatic precipitator provided in an exhaust gas flow duct, which comprises a discharge electrode arranged in the exhaust gas flow duct and a collector electrode formed by duct walls.
  • Heating boilers which have an exhaust gas flow channel and an electrostatic precipitator provided in this exhaust gas flow channel, which electrostatic precipitator comprises a discharge electrode arranged in the exhaust gas flow channel and a collector electrode formed by channel walls.
  • electrostatic precipitator comprises a discharge electrode arranged in the exhaust gas flow channel and a collector electrode formed by channel walls.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of designing a heating boiler of the type described above in such a way that, despite a high degree of separation long maintenance intervals are made possible without the need for complex design measures.
  • the invention solves the problem in that flow plates are provided within the exhaust gas flow duct distributed over the length of the duct, which extend at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the exhaust gas flow duct over the duct cross section and have flow openings for the exhaust gases accommodating the spray electrodes, and that the flow plates opposite the exhaust gas flow duct are loosely attached to the Form duct walls adjacent wiping edges and are connected to a running in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the exhaust gas flow duct actuator.
  • the flow plates provided distributed over the length of the duct cause turbulence in the exhaust gas flow, which increases the relative residence time of the exhaust gases in the electrostatic precipitator and thus also improves the degree of separation. If the flow plates are arranged in such a way that they touch the channel walls, the flow plates themselves also form a collector electrode, so that the effective electrode area for the electrostatic precipitator is increased.
  • the flow plates that are loose relative to the exhaust gas flow duct can form scraper edges that rest against the duct walls and can be connected to an adjusting drive running in the direction of the duct axis.
  • the wiping edges resting against the duct walls ensure electrical contact between the flow plates and the duct walls, and on the other hand the duct walls are cleaned by a relative movement of the wiping edges relative to the duct walls when the adjusting drive is actuated.
  • the actuator comprises an actuating linkage, which is connected to the flow plates in the area of the opposing upper and lower scraper edges with regard to the exhaust gas flow and engages the flow plates with play at least in the area of a scraper edge.
  • the actuating linkage is actuated, the flow plates and the scraper edges attached thereto tilt, so that the latter are pressed against the channel walls.
  • This effect can be intensified in that the actuating linkage of the adjusting drive acts on the flow plates at least in the area of a scraping edge, both with play in the direction of the actuating linkage and with play transversely to the actuating linkage and to the channel walls.
  • the spray electrode can also be cleaned together with the collector electrodes formed by the channel walls, the spray electrode can be attached to an electrode holder which is arranged outside of the exhaust gas flow channel and is connected to the actuator.
  • the part of the discharge electrode adjoining the electrode holder can be surrounded by a dust-repellent insulator and a cleaning device can be provided for the insulator, which is provided in the area of the insulator's adjustment path caused by the actuator.
  • this cleaning device can be arranged in the area where the discharge electrode passes through the front wall section of the exhaust gas flow channel.
  • the cleaning device for the insulator can be formed from one or more lamellae, which enclose the insulator in the region of its passage through a duct wall.
  • a mechanical vibrating unit can be provided for the spray electrode.
  • This vibrating unit can be provided, for example, in the area of the cleaning device for the insulator Include actuating arm and an example electromagnetic control for this actuating arm.
  • the control for the actuating arm is designed in such a way that one end section of the actuating arm strikes the discharge electrode, which can be cleaned by this shaking.
  • a discharge electrode in order to further increase the degree of separation of an electrostatic precipitator, can be formed by an electrically conductive round or threaded rod wrapped with a wire , which is surrounded at one end by an insulator and wherein the wire is electrically connected to the round or threaded rod in the area of the insulator and is wound at a distance around the part of the lower round or threaded rod that does not come from the insulator.
  • Such discharge electrodes are known from the prior art. The fact that the wire wound around the round or threaded rod does not lie directly against it, but surrounds it at a distance due to its own mechanical stability, increases the effective surface of the spray electrode and thus improves the cleaning performance.
  • a heating boiler comprises a firing retort 1 , a combustion zone 2 adjoining it and a burnout zone 3 which opens into a heat exchanger 4 and an exhaust gas flow channel 5 .
  • the exhaust gas flow channel 5 is formed by a riser leading to a smoke gas fan 6 .
  • An electrostatic precipitator is provided within the exhaust gas flow channel 5 and comprises a spray electrode 7 arranged in the exhaust gas flow channel 5 and a collector electrode formed by the channel walls 8 of the exhaust gas flow channel 5 .
  • flow plates 9 are distributed over the length of the duct in the longitudinal direction, which are inclined to the longitudinal axis of the exhaust gas flow duct 5, extend over the cross section of the exhaust gas flow duct 5 and have flow openings for accommodating the spray electrode 7.
  • the flow plates 9 are loose against the exhaust gas flow duct 5 and form scraping edges 11, 12 that rest against the duct walls 8.
  • the flow plates 9 are connected to an adjusting drive running in the direction of the duct axis and having an actuating linkage 13.
  • the actuator and thus the actuating linkage 12 By actuating the actuator and thus the actuating linkage 12, the flow plates 9 with the scraper edges 11, 12 can be moved relative to the duct walls 8 of the exhaust gas flow duct 5, so that the duct walls 8 can be cleaned with the aid of the scraper edges 11.
  • the actuating linkage 13 can be connected to the flow sheets 9 in the area of the opposing upper scraper edges 12 and lower scraper edges 11 with respect to the exhaust gas flow, with the actuating linkage 13 at least in the area of a scraper edge 11, 12, for example in the lower area of the scraping edge 11, engages the flow plates 9 with play.
  • the flow plates 9 are tilted transversely to the longitudinal axis of the exhaust gas flow channel 5 when the actuating drive is actuated, so that the scraper edges 11 and 12 are pressed against the channel walls 8 of the exhaust gas flow channel 5 .
  • the discharge electrode 7 running inside the flow openings for the exhaust gases can be fastened to an electrode holder 14 which is arranged outside of the exhaust gas flow channel 5 and is connected to the actuating linkage 13 of the actuator.
  • the part of the discharge electrode 7 adjoining the electrode holder 14 can be surrounded by a dust-repellent insulator 15, the end of the insulator 15 facing away from the discharge electrode 7 forming a connection for a high-voltage connection 16.
  • a cleaning device 19 can be provided for the insulator 15 in the region of the adjustment path of the insulator 15 caused by the adjusting drive, preferably in a passage opening 18 provided in the end face 17 of the exhaust gas flow channel 5 .
  • This cleaning device 19 can advantageously be formed from one or more lamellae 20 which enclose the insulator 15 in the area of the passage opening 18 of the end face 17 of the exhaust gas flow channel 5 .
  • the cleaning device 19 can be provided with a vibrating unit 21 which is composed of an electromagnetic control 22 and an actuating arm 23 .
  • the actuating arm 23 strikes with its one end portion against the discharge electrode 7, which can be cleaned by this shaking.
  • the discharge electrode 7 can be formed by an electrically conductive round or threaded rod wrapped with a wire.
  • Such discharge electrodes are already known from the prior art and do not fall under the subject matter of the claim.
  • the wire surrounding the round or threaded rod spirally and at a distance is conductively connected in the area of the insulator 15 to the round or threaded rod via a connecting sleeve.
  • one or more spacers for the wire can be provided on the threaded rod.
  • the wire can be in the form of a square wire, with the edges of the square wire causing a local maximization of the electric field strength.

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Heizkessel mit einem in einem Abgasströmungskanal vorgesehenen elektrostatischen Abscheider, der eine im Abgasströmungskanal angeordnete Sprühelektrode und eine durch Kanalwände gebildete Kollektorelektrode umfasst.The invention relates to a heating boiler with an electrostatic precipitator provided in an exhaust gas flow duct, which comprises a discharge electrode arranged in the exhaust gas flow duct and a collector electrode formed by duct walls.

Zur Reinigung der Abgase eines Heizkessels ist es bekannt ( DE 20 2010 016 019 U ) innerhalb eines Heizkessels im Abgasströmungskanal einen elektrostatischen Abscheider vorzusehen. Dieser elektrostatische Abscheider wird durch eine im Abgasströmungskanal angeordnete Sprühelektrode und eine durch die Kanalwände gebildete Kollektorelektrode gebildet. Nachteilig ist daran allerdings, dass zufolge der Anordnung im Heizkessel eine Abreinigung der die Kollektorelektrode bildendeten Kanalwände und der innerhalb des Abgasstromkanals verlaufenden Sprühelektrode erschwert bzw. nur mit hohem Aufwand möglich ist. Darüber hinaus ist bei einer solchen Anordnung der beiden Elektroden des elektrostatischen Abscheiders generell mit einem vergleichsweise geringen Abscheidungsgrad zu rechnen.It is known for cleaning the flue gases of a heating boiler ( DE 20 2010 016 019 U ) to provide an electrostatic precipitator inside a boiler in the exhaust gas flow channel. This electrostatic precipitator is formed by a discharge electrode arranged in the exhaust gas flow duct and a collector electrode formed by the duct walls. The disadvantage of this, however, is that due to the arrangement in the boiler, cleaning of the channel walls forming the collector electrode and the spray electrode running within the exhaust gas flow channel is difficult or only possible with great effort. In addition, with such an arrangement of the two electrodes of the electrostatic precipitator, a comparatively low degree of separation can generally be expected.

Darüber hinaus sind aus der AT 505295 A4 Heizkessel bekannt, die einen Abgasströmungskanal und einen in diesem Abgasströmungskanal vorgesehenen elektrostatischen Abscheider aufweisen, der eine im Abgasströmungskanal angeordnete Sprühelektrode und eine durch Kanalwände gebildete Kollektorelektrode umfasst. Allerdings ist auch dort eine gleichzeitig einfache und wirksame Abreinigung des elektrostatischen Abscheiders nur schwer möglich, sodass derartige Heizkessel nicht nur einen geringeren Wirkungsgrad des Abscheiders sondern auch eine verhältnismäßig geringere Standzeit aufweisen.In addition, from the AT505295A4 Heating boilers are known which have an exhaust gas flow channel and an electrostatic precipitator provided in this exhaust gas flow channel, which electrostatic precipitator comprises a discharge electrode arranged in the exhaust gas flow channel and a collector electrode formed by channel walls. However, a simple and effective cleaning of the electrostatic precipitator at the same time is also very difficult there, so that such heating boilers not only have a lower efficiency of the precipitator but also a relatively shorter service life.

Der Erfindung liegt somit die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Heizkessel der eingangs beschriebenen Art so auszugestalten, dass trotz hohem Abscheidungsgrad große Wartungsintervalle ermöglicht werden, ohne dass hierfür aufwändige Konstruktionsmaßnahmen getroffen werden müssen.The invention is therefore based on the object of designing a heating boiler of the type described above in such a way that, despite a high degree of separation long maintenance intervals are made possible without the need for complex design measures.

Die Erfindung löst die gestellte Aufgabe dadurch, dass innerhalb des Abgasströmungskanals über die Kanallänge verteilt Strömungsbleche vorgesehen sind, die sich zur Längsachse des Abgasströmungskanals geneigt über den Kanalquerschnitt erstrecken und die Sprühelektrode aufnehmende Strömungsöffnungen für die Abgase aufweisen und dass die Strömungsbleche gegenüber dem Abgasströmungskanal lose an den Kanalwänden anliegende Abstreifkanten bilden und mit einem in Richtung der Längsachse des Abgasströmungskanals verlaufenden Stelltrieb verbunden sind.The invention solves the problem in that flow plates are provided within the exhaust gas flow duct distributed over the length of the duct, which extend at an angle to the longitudinal axis of the exhaust gas flow duct over the duct cross section and have flow openings for the exhaust gases accommodating the spray electrodes, and that the flow plates opposite the exhaust gas flow duct are loosely attached to the Form duct walls adjacent wiping edges and are connected to a running in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the exhaust gas flow duct actuator.

Aufgrund dieser Maßnahmen bewirken die über die Kanallänge verteilt vorgesehenen Strömungsbleche Verwirbelungen im Abgasstrom, die die relative Aufenthaltszeit der Abgase im elektrostatischen Abscheider erhöhen und somit auch den Abscheidungsgrad verbessern. Sind die Strömungsbleche so angeordnet, dass sie die Kanalwände berühren, so bilden die Strömungsbleche darüber hinaus selbst eine Kollektorelektrode, sodass sich die wirksame Elektrodenfläche für den elektrostatischen Abscheider vergrößert.Due to these measures, the flow plates provided distributed over the length of the duct cause turbulence in the exhaust gas flow, which increases the relative residence time of the exhaust gases in the electrostatic precipitator and thus also improves the degree of separation. If the flow plates are arranged in such a way that they touch the channel walls, the flow plates themselves also form a collector electrode, so that the effective electrode area for the electrostatic precipitator is increased.

Um die Abreinigung des elektrostatischen Abscheiders zu ermöglichen, können die gegenüber dem Abgasströmungskanal losen Strömungsbleche an den Kanalwänden anliegende Abstreifkanten bilden und mit einem in Richtung der Kanalachse verlaufenden Stelltrieb verbunden sein. Einerseits stellen die an den Kanalwänden anliegenden Abstreifkanten einen elektrischen Kontakt zwischen den Strömungsblechen und den Kanalwänden sicher, anderseits werden bei einer Betätigung des Stelltriebes die Kanalwände durch eine Relativbewegung der Abstreifkanten gegenüber den Kanalwänden gereinigt. Besonders vorteilhafte Bedingungen für die Abreinigung der Kanalwände ergeben sich, wenn der Stelltrieb ein Betätigungsgestänge umfasst, das mit den Strömungsblechen im Bereich der einander gegenüberliegenden, bezüglich der Abgasströmung oberen und unteren Abstreifkanten verbunden ist und zumindest im Bereich einer Abstreifkante mit Spiel an den Strömungsblechen angreift. Demzufolge kommt es bei einer Betätigung des Betätigungsgestänges zu einem Kippen der Strömungsbleche und der daran ansetzenden Abstreifkanten, sodass letztere gegen die Kanalwände angedrückt werden. Dieser Effekt kann dadurch verstärkt werden, dass das Betätigungsgestänge des Stelltriebes zumindest im Bereich einer Abstreifkante sowohl mit Spiel in Richtung des Betätigungsgestänges als auch mit Spiel quer zum Betätigungsgestänge und zu den Kanalwänden an den Strömungsblechen angreift.In order to allow the electrostatic precipitator to be cleaned, the flow plates that are loose relative to the exhaust gas flow duct can form scraper edges that rest against the duct walls and can be connected to an adjusting drive running in the direction of the duct axis. On the one hand, the wiping edges resting against the duct walls ensure electrical contact between the flow plates and the duct walls, and on the other hand the duct walls are cleaned by a relative movement of the wiping edges relative to the duct walls when the adjusting drive is actuated. Particularly advantageous conditions for the cleaning of the duct walls result when the actuator comprises an actuating linkage, which is connected to the flow plates in the area of the opposing upper and lower scraper edges with regard to the exhaust gas flow and engages the flow plates with play at least in the area of a scraper edge. Hence comes when the actuating linkage is actuated, the flow plates and the scraper edges attached thereto tilt, so that the latter are pressed against the channel walls. This effect can be intensified in that the actuating linkage of the adjusting drive acts on the flow plates at least in the area of a scraping edge, both with play in the direction of the actuating linkage and with play transversely to the actuating linkage and to the channel walls.

Als Voraussetzung dafür, dass gemeinsam mit den durch die Kanalwände gebildeten Kollektorelektroden auch die Sprühelektrode abgereinigt werden kann, kann die Sprühelektrode an einem, außerhalb des Abgasströmungskanals angeordneten und mit dem Stelltrieb verbundenen Elektrodenhalter befestigt sein.As a prerequisite for the fact that the spray electrode can also be cleaned together with the collector electrodes formed by the channel walls, the spray electrode can be attached to an electrode holder which is arranged outside of the exhaust gas flow channel and is connected to the actuator.

In diesem Zusammenhang kann der an den Elektrodenhalter anschließende Teil der Sprühelektrode von einem staubabweisenden Isolator umgeben sein und für den Isolator eine Reinigungsvorrichtung vorgesehen sein, die im Bereich des durch den Stelltrieb bedingten Stellweges des Isolators vorgesehen ist. Beispielsweise kann diese Reinigungsvorrichtung im Bereich des Durchtritts der Sprühelektrode durch den stirnseitigen Wandabschnitt des Abgasströmungskanals angeordnet sein. Bei einer Betätigung des Stelltriebes des Betätigungsgestänges wird somit nicht nur die durch die Kanalwände gebildete Kollektorelektrode über die Abstreifkanten der Strömungsbleche, sondern auch der durch die Reinigungsvorrichtung gleitende Teil des Isolators der Sprühelektrode gereinigt werden.In this context, the part of the discharge electrode adjoining the electrode holder can be surrounded by a dust-repellent insulator and a cleaning device can be provided for the insulator, which is provided in the area of the insulator's adjustment path caused by the actuator. For example, this cleaning device can be arranged in the area where the discharge electrode passes through the front wall section of the exhaust gas flow channel. When the actuating drive of the actuating linkage is actuated, not only the collector electrode formed by the channel walls is cleaned via the scraper edges of the flow plates, but also the part of the spray electrode insulator sliding through the cleaning device.

Beispielsweise kann zu diesem Zweck die Reinigungsvorrichtung für den Isolator aus ein oder mehreren Lamellen gebildet sein, die den Isolator im Bereich seiner Durchführung durch eine Kanalwand umschließen.For example, for this purpose the cleaning device for the insulator can be formed from one or more lamellae, which enclose the insulator in the region of its passage through a duct wall.

Um neben dem Isolator der Sprühelektrode auch die im Abgasströmungskanal verlaufende Sprühelektrode selbst abzureinigen, kann für die Sprühelektrode eine mechanische Rütteleinheit vorgesehen sein. Diese Rütteleinheit kann beispielsweise einen im Bereich der Reinigungsvorrichtung für den Isolator vorgesehenen Betätigungsarm und eine beispielsweise elektromagnetische Ansteuerung für diesen Betätigungsarm umfassen. Die Ansteuerung für den Betätigungsarm ist dabei so ausgelegt, dass der Betätigungsarm mit seinem einen Endabschnitt an die Sprühelektrode anschlägt, die durch dieses Rütteln gereinigt werden kann.In order to clean not only the insulator of the spray electrode but also the spray electrode running in the exhaust gas flow channel itself, a mechanical vibrating unit can be provided for the spray electrode. This vibrating unit can be provided, for example, in the area of the cleaning device for the insulator Include actuating arm and an example electromagnetic control for this actuating arm. The control for the actuating arm is designed in such a way that one end section of the actuating arm strikes the discharge electrode, which can be cleaned by this shaking.

Um den Abscheidungsgrad eines elektrostatischen Abscheiders weiter zu erhöhen, kann eine Sprühelektrode, wie sie beispielsweise bei einem erfindungsgemäßen Heizkessel zum Einsatz kommen kann, jedoch nicht unter den Schutzumfang der Ansprüche fällt, durch einen elektrisch leitenden, mit einem Draht umwickelten Rund- oder Gewindestab gebildet sein, der an seinem einen Ende von einem Isolator umgeben ist und wobei der Draht im Bereich des Isolators mit dem Rund- oder Gewindestab elektrisch verbunden und um den nicht vom Isolator umgehenden Teil des unteren Rund- oder Gewindestabs mit Abstand gewickelt ist. Derartige Sprühelektroden sind aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt. Dadurch, dass der um den Rund- oder Gewindestab gewickelte Draht nicht direkt an diesem anliegt, sondern diesen aufgrund seiner eigenen mechanischen Stabilität mit Abstand umgibt, wird die wirksame Oberfläche der Sprühelektrode vergrößert und somit die Abreinigungsleistung verbessert.In order to further increase the degree of separation of an electrostatic precipitator, a discharge electrode, as can be used, for example, in a heating boiler according to the invention, but does not fall under the scope of protection of the claims, can be formed by an electrically conductive round or threaded rod wrapped with a wire , which is surrounded at one end by an insulator and wherein the wire is electrically connected to the round or threaded rod in the area of the insulator and is wound at a distance around the part of the lower round or threaded rod that does not come from the insulator. Such discharge electrodes are known from the prior art. The fact that the wire wound around the round or threaded rod does not lie directly against it, but surrounds it at a distance due to its own mechanical stability, increases the effective surface of the spray electrode and thus improves the cleaning performance.

Besonders vorteilhafte Abreinigungsbedingungen ergeben sich in diesem Zusammenhang, wenn der um den Rund- oder Gewindestab gewickelte Draht ein Vierkantdraht ist, weil es im Bereich der Kanten des Vierkantdrahtes zu einer Erhöhung der elektrischen Feldstärke kommt. Dieser Effekt ergibt sich auch beim Einsatz eines Gewindestabes als Grundelement der Sprühelektrode, weil die Kanten des Gewindeganges des Stabes ebenfalls zu einer Maximierung der elektrischen Feldstärke in deren Bereich führen.Particularly advantageous cleaning conditions arise in this context if the wire wound around the round or threaded rod is a square wire, because the electric field strength increases in the area of the edges of the square wire. This effect also occurs when using a threaded rod as the basic element of the discharge electrode, because the edges of the thread of the rod also lead to a maximization of the electric field strength in their area.

In der Zeichnung ist der Erfindungsgegenstand beispielsweise dargestellt. Es zeigen

Fig. 1
einen Schnitt eines erfindungsgemäßen Heizkessels in einer schematischen Darstellung und
Fig. 2
den Durchtrittsbereich der Sprühelektrode durch die stirnseitige Kanalwand des Abgasströmungskanals in einem größeren Maßstab.
In the drawing, the subject of the invention is shown as an example. Show it
1
a section of a boiler according to the invention in a schematic representation and
2
the passage area of the discharge electrode through the front channel wall of the exhaust gas flow channel on a larger scale.

Ein erfindungsgemäßer Heizkessel umfasst eine Feuerungsretorte 1, eine daran anschließende Verbrennungszone 2 und eine Ausbrandzone 3, die in einen Wärmetauscher 4 und einen Abgasströmungskanal 5 mündet. Der Abgasströmungskanal 5 wird durch einen zu einem Rauchgasventilator 6 führenden Steigzug gebildet. Innerhalb des Abgasströmungskanals 5 ist ein elektrostatischer Abscheider vorgesehen, der eine im Abgasströmungskanal 5 angeordnete Sprühelektrode 7 und eine durch die Kanalwände 8 des Abgasströmungskanals 5 gebildete Kollektorelektrode umfasst. Innerhalb des Abgasströmungskanals 5 sind über die Kanallänge in Längsrichtung verteilt Strömungsbleche 9 vorgesehen, die zur Längsachse des Abgasströmungskanals 5 geneigt sind, sich über den Querschnitt des Abgasströmungskanals 5 erstrecken und Strömungsöffnungen zur Aufnahme der Sprühelektrode 7 aufweisen. Die Strömungsbleche 9 sind gegen den Abgasströmungskanal 5 lose und bilden an den Kanalwänden 8 anliegende Abstreifkanten 11, 12. Zur Reinigung der Kanalwände 8 sind die Strömungsbleche 9 mit einem in Richtung der Kanalachse verlaufenden und ein Betätigungsgestänge 13 aufweisenden Stelltrieb verbunden. Durch eine Betätigung des Stelltriebes und damit des Betätigungsgestänges 12 können daher die Strömungsbleche 9 mit den Abstreifkanten 11, 12 relativ zu den Kanalwänden 8 des Abgasströmungskanals 5 bewegt werden, sodass mit Hilfe der Abstreifkanten 11 die Kanalwände 8 gereinigt werden können. Um die Abstreifkanten 11 der Strömungsbleche 9 an die Kanalwände 8 anzudrücken, kann damit das Betätigungsgestänge 13 mit den Strömungsblechen 9 im Bereich der einander gegenüberliegenden, bezüglich der Abgasströmung oberen Abstreifkanten 12 und unteren Abstreifkanten 11 verbunden sein, wobei das Betätigungsgestänge 13 zumindest im Bereich einer Abstreifkante 11, 12, beispielsweise im unteren Bereich der Abstreifkante 11 mit Spiel an den Strömungsblechen 9 angreift. Zufolge dieser Maßnahme werden bei einer Betätigung des Stelltriebes die Strömungsbleche 9 quer zur Längsachse des Abgasströmungskanals 5 gekippt, sodass die Abstreifkanten 11 und 12 gegen die Kanalwände 8 des Abgasströmungskanals 5 gedrückt werden.A heating boiler according to the invention comprises a firing retort 1 , a combustion zone 2 adjoining it and a burnout zone 3 which opens into a heat exchanger 4 and an exhaust gas flow channel 5 . The exhaust gas flow channel 5 is formed by a riser leading to a smoke gas fan 6 . An electrostatic precipitator is provided within the exhaust gas flow channel 5 and comprises a spray electrode 7 arranged in the exhaust gas flow channel 5 and a collector electrode formed by the channel walls 8 of the exhaust gas flow channel 5 . Inside the exhaust gas flow duct 5, flow plates 9 are distributed over the length of the duct in the longitudinal direction, which are inclined to the longitudinal axis of the exhaust gas flow duct 5, extend over the cross section of the exhaust gas flow duct 5 and have flow openings for accommodating the spray electrode 7. The flow plates 9 are loose against the exhaust gas flow duct 5 and form scraping edges 11, 12 that rest against the duct walls 8. To clean the duct walls 8, the flow plates 9 are connected to an adjusting drive running in the direction of the duct axis and having an actuating linkage 13. By actuating the actuator and thus the actuating linkage 12, the flow plates 9 with the scraper edges 11, 12 can be moved relative to the duct walls 8 of the exhaust gas flow duct 5, so that the duct walls 8 can be cleaned with the aid of the scraper edges 11. In order to press the scraper edges 11 of the flow plates 9 against the duct walls 8, the actuating linkage 13 can be connected to the flow sheets 9 in the area of the opposing upper scraper edges 12 and lower scraper edges 11 with respect to the exhaust gas flow, with the actuating linkage 13 at least in the area of a scraper edge 11, 12, for example in the lower area of the scraping edge 11, engages the flow plates 9 with play. As a result of this measure, the flow plates 9 are tilted transversely to the longitudinal axis of the exhaust gas flow channel 5 when the actuating drive is actuated, so that the scraper edges 11 and 12 are pressed against the channel walls 8 of the exhaust gas flow channel 5 .

Die innerhalb der Strömungsöffnungen für die Abgase verlaufende Sprühelektrode 7 kann an einem außerhalb des Abgasströmungskanals 5 angeordneten und mit dem Betätigungsgestänge 13 des Stelltriebes verbundenen Elektrodenhalter 14 befestigt sein. Der an den Elektrodenhalter 14 anschließende Teil der Sprühelektrode 7 kann von einem staubabweisenden Isolator 15 umgeben sein, wobei der Isolator 15 mit seinem der Sprühelektrode 7 abgewandten Ende einen Anschluss für eine Hochspannungsverbindung 16 bildet. Für den Isolator 15 kann im Bereich des durch den Stelltrieb bedingten Stellweges des Isolators 15, vorzugsweise in einer in der Stirnseite 17 des Abgasströmungskanals 5 vorgesehenen Durchtrittsöffnung 18, eine Reinigungsvorrichtung 19 vorgesehen sein. Diese Reinigungsvorrichtung 19 kann in vorteilhafter Weise aus ein oder mehreren Lamellen 20 gebildet sein, die den Isolator 15 im Bereich der Durchtrittsöffnung 18 der Stirnseite 17 des Abgasströmungskanals 5 umschließen. Die Reinigungsvorrichtung 19 kann mit einer Rütteleinheit 21 versehen sein, die aus einer elektromagnetischen Ansteuerung 22 und aus einem Betätigungsarm 23 aufgebaut ist. Der Betätigungsarm 23 schlägt mit seinem einen Endabschnitt an die Sprühelektrode 7 an, die durch dieses Rütteln gereinigt werden kann.The discharge electrode 7 running inside the flow openings for the exhaust gases can be fastened to an electrode holder 14 which is arranged outside of the exhaust gas flow channel 5 and is connected to the actuating linkage 13 of the actuator. The part of the discharge electrode 7 adjoining the electrode holder 14 can be surrounded by a dust-repellent insulator 15, the end of the insulator 15 facing away from the discharge electrode 7 forming a connection for a high-voltage connection 16. A cleaning device 19 can be provided for the insulator 15 in the region of the adjustment path of the insulator 15 caused by the adjusting drive, preferably in a passage opening 18 provided in the end face 17 of the exhaust gas flow channel 5 . This cleaning device 19 can advantageously be formed from one or more lamellae 20 which enclose the insulator 15 in the area of the passage opening 18 of the end face 17 of the exhaust gas flow channel 5 . The cleaning device 19 can be provided with a vibrating unit 21 which is composed of an electromagnetic control 22 and an actuating arm 23 . The actuating arm 23 strikes with its one end portion against the discharge electrode 7, which can be cleaned by this shaking.

Um die Reinigungsleistung des erfindungsgemäßen elektrostatischen Abscheiders zu erhöhen, kann die Sprühelektrode 7 durch einen elektrisch leitenden, mit einem Draht umwickelten Rund- oder Gewindestab gebildet sein. Derartige Sprühelektroden sind bereits aus dem Stand der Technik bekannt und fallen nicht unter den Anspruchsgegenstand. Der den Rund- oder Gewindestab spiralförmig und mit Abstand umgebende Draht ist im Bereich des Isolators 15 mit dem Rund- oder Gewindestab über eine Verbindungsmuffe leitend verbunden. Darüber hinaus kann auf dem Gewindestab ein- oder mehrere Abstandshalter für den Draht vorgesehen sein. Zur Erhöhung des Abscheidungsgrades des elektrostatischen Abscheiders kann der Draht als Vierkantdraht ausgebildet sein, wobei die Kanten des Vierkantdrahtes eine lokale Maximierung der elektrischen Feldstärke bedingen.In order to increase the cleaning performance of the electrostatic precipitator according to the invention, the discharge electrode 7 can be formed by an electrically conductive round or threaded rod wrapped with a wire. Such discharge electrodes are already known from the prior art and do not fall under the subject matter of the claim. The wire surrounding the round or threaded rod spirally and at a distance is conductively connected in the area of the insulator 15 to the round or threaded rod via a connecting sleeve. In addition, one or more spacers for the wire can be provided on the threaded rod. In order to increase the degree of separation of the electrostatic precipitator, the wire can be in the form of a square wire, with the edges of the square wire causing a local maximization of the electric field strength.

Claims (6)

  1. Boiler having an exhaust gas flow channel (5) and an electrostatic precipitator which is provided in this exhaust gas flow channel (5) and includes a discharge electrode (7) arranged in the exhaust gas flow channel (5) and a collector electrode formed by channel walls (8), characterised in that within the exhaust gas flow channel (5) flow plates (9) are provided distributed over the channel length, said flow plates extending over the channel cross-section in an inclined manner with respect to the longitudinal axis of the exhaust gas flow channel (5) and having flow apertures (10), receiving the discharge electrode (7), for the exhaust gases, and in that the flow plates (9) form, opposite the exhaust gas flow channel (5), strike-off edges (11) lying loosely against the channel walls (8) and are connected to a control drive extending in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the exhaust gas flow channel (5).
  2. Boiler as claimed in claim 1, characterised in that the control drive includes an actuating rod (13) which is connected to the flow plates (9) in the region of the strike-off edges (11, 12), which are opposite one another and are at the top and bottom with respect to the exhaust gas flow, and acts on the flow plates (9) with clearance at least in the region of a strike-off edge (11, 12).
  3. Boiler as claimed in any one of claims 1 to 2, characterised in that the discharge electrode (7) is fastened to an electrode holder (14) arranged outside the exhaust gas flow channel (5) and connected to the control drive.
  4. Boiler as claimed in claim 3, characterised in that the part of the discharge electrode (7) connected to the electrode holder (14) is surrounded by a dust-repellent insulator (15), and in that a cleaning device (19) is provided for the insulator (15) and is provided in the region of the control path of the insulator (15) set by the control drive.
  5. Boiler as claimed in claim 4, characterised in that the cleaning device (19) for the insulator (15) is formed from one or more slats (20) which surround the insulator (15) in the region where it is guided through a channel wall.
  6. Boiler as claimed in any one of claims 3 to 5, characterised in that a mechanical vibrating unit (21) is provided for the discharge electrode (7).
EP16155685.7A 2015-03-04 2016-02-15 Boiler Active EP3064276B1 (en)

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AT517955B1 (en) * 2016-05-18 2017-06-15 Ökofen Forschungs- Und Entw M B H heater
EP3330001A1 (en) * 2016-12-05 2018-06-06 Fröling Heizkessel- Und Behälterbau Gesellschaft M.B.H Boiler
AT522079B1 (en) * 2019-02-26 2020-08-15 Hargassner Gmbh boiler
AU2020342698B2 (en) * 2019-09-03 2022-06-30 Sl-Technik Gmbh Biomass heating plant with optimised flue gas treatment
EP4184058A1 (en) * 2021-03-09 2023-05-24 SL-Technik GmbH Improved cleaning device for a biomass heating system
EP4332436A1 (en) * 2022-09-01 2024-03-06 SL-Technik GmbH Biomass heating system with an improved electrostatic filter device

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US3966436A (en) * 1974-07-08 1976-06-29 Wahlco, Inc. Discharge electrode
SE504411C2 (en) * 1995-04-05 1997-02-03 Senea Filter Ab Method and apparatus for purifying dust-laden gases
DE102006031888B4 (en) * 2006-07-07 2009-01-29 Ilt Industrie-Luftfiltertechnik Gmbh Ionization element and electrostatic filter
AT505295B1 (en) * 2007-07-12 2008-12-15 Kwb Kraft Und Waerme Aus Bioma firing unit
DE202008008801U1 (en) * 2008-07-25 2008-10-16 Ambros Schmelzer & Sohn Gmbh & Co. Kg Spray electrode for electrostatic precipitator
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AT516061A4 (en) 2016-02-15

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