EP2501480B1 - Electrode and electrostatic fine dust filter system - Google Patents

Description

Field of the invention

The invention relates to a rod-shaped electrode, in particular an electrostatic high-voltage electrode. The invention further relates to an electrostatic fine dust filter system comprising said rod-shaped electrode. The electrode and the fine dust filter system can be used for the purification of exhaust gases, especially fire bricks.

State of the art

Electrostatic dust filters or electrostatic precipitators are systems for the separation of particles from gases, which are based on the electrostatic principle. These systems are used in particular for the electrical cleaning of exhaust gases.

Their main application are electrostatic precipitators in the purification of industrial flue gases, for example in the production of electricity from coal, smelting or cement production. There are Gesamtabscheidungsgrade reached up to 99.9%. A power plant filter may be a few tens of meters high. The separation of particularly toxic fine dust in the range below one micrometer poses a particular challenge to the deposition rate of electrostatic precipitators. Such dusts reach the lungs and therefore can not be coagulated. Depending on the substance, they represent a considerable risk of cancer.

Particulate matter is not only present in industrial waste gases but also in private. In order to also efficiently clean these exhaust gases, electrostatic precipitators are now installed on fireplaces of private or commercial combustion plants. Assembly, maintenance and cleaning of private and commercial furnaces and their filtration systems have different requirements than the industrial plants. Above all, industrial continuous solutions for the purification of fireplaces are very expensive and not profitable for private or commercial use of a furnace; Rather, here is the cleaning of Kaminfegern, eg annually, carried out. An electrostatic filter system for flue gas cleaning of small combustion plants, which are fired with wood, straw or other regenerative fuels or coal is in the patent DE 10 2006 003 028 disclosed.

In electrostatic precipitators dust particles are electrically charged by corona discharge and pulled to the oppositely charged electrode. The corona discharge takes place on a suitable, charged high voltage electrode inside the exhaust stack. The electrode is preferably designed with protruding tips and possibly sharp edges, because there the density of the field lines and thus also the electric field strength is the largest and thus the corona discharge is favored. The opposing electrode usually consists of a grounded exhaust pipe section which is mounted around the electrode. The degree of separation of an electrostatic filter is particularly dependent on the residence time of the exhaust gases in the filter system and the voltage between the spray and deposition electrode. The necessary rectified high voltage is provided by a high voltage generating plant. Protect the high-voltage generator and electrode holder from dust and dirt to prevent unwanted leakage and extend the life of the equipment.

In the patent specification GB 914,299 known electrostatic filters are shown. An embodiment of an electrostatic filter ( FIG. 2 ), whose insulators are protected due to constructive measures against bending stress and breakage consists at least of a high-voltage part, which on a support, which proposes a bridge between insulating Supports, aufliegt. In addition, the hanging high-voltage part passes through an insulator sleeve. Forces acting on the high voltage part are absorbed by elastic seals, some of which bear directly or indirectly on the high voltage part. The freedom of movement of the high voltage part is almost completely prevented by the described structure. Insofar as a movement of the high voltage part is possible, this is severely limited and guided by the applied seals. Vibrations and vibrations can be damped by this structure.

In the patent application GB 2 119 291 an electrostatic filter is shown, the support rod, optionally with emission electrode, hanging freely suspended in a Insolatorhülse. In one embodiment, the support bar is in a compliant Material bedded, which fills the space between support rod and insulator. This structure is intended to prevent breakage of the insulator due to vibrations transmitted via the support rod.

In the patent application U.S. 4,671,808 An electrostatic filter with a knocking mechanism is shown. This knocking mechanism serves to concussion of the plurality of electrodes. By operating the knocking mechanism, the precipitate is knocked off.

The publication DE 35 39 205 A1 shows an arrangement for supporting a plurality of discharge electrodes and suitable for this arrangement discharge electrodes. Via a horizontal movement of an electrode holding device, a dust precipitate can be shaken loose on electrode parts of the discharge electrodes.

The publication WO 2008/128353 discloses a damper installation for separating the insulator chamber from the chimney pipe. When the damper installation is closed and the power supply to the electrode frame holding member is turned off, maintenance of the insulator can be performed while the exhaust gas continues to flow through the stack.

The above-mentioned prior art gives no indications for constructive execution of holders for electrostatic high voltage electrodes of mainly Kleirefeueranlagen, which are usually cleaned by a chimney sweep with brush.

Object of the invention

It is the object of the present invention to carry out an electrostatic fine dust filter system, in particular electrode and electrode holder, in such a way that assembly, maintenance and cleaning of fine dust filter and chimney, for example of house fireplaces with wood firing, are easy to carry out. In particular, the cleaning of both the roof as well as from below, ie be easily feasible from the oven. In addition, the safety of chimney sweep and fitter should be granted in performing the assembly, service, maintenance and cleaning work.

description

According to the invention the object is achieved with a rod-shaped electrode according to claim 1 and a fine dust filter system according to claim 12, characterized in that the electrode is designed to be movable and self-resetting, in particular resilient. According to a particular embodiment, the object is achieved with the use of cambered flexible parts for producing the electrode.

The rod-shaped electrode according to the invention, in particular the electrostatic high-voltage electrode, is characterized in that the electrode contains at least one spring element with restoring force, wherein the spring element allows a bending and / or buckling of the electrode under external force action and in the absence of an external force effect the electrode Resets operating position. The rod-shaped electrode, in particular the electrostatic high-voltage electrode, consists of a spring element with restoring, ie elastic, spring force or includes at least one spring element with restoring, ie elastic, spring force, which under force a movement, in particular a bend, buckling or deformation, allows the electrode and if no force is applied, the electrode can spring back into the basic position, eg into an extended position. The bend and the return are elastic. Thus, the electrode is characterized by an on the one hand rigid and on the other hand elastically self-resetting design. The fact that the electrode has one or more bending or bending points, it is possible to mount the electrode laterally via an opening in the exhaust duct and disassemble. When cleaning from below, the electrode can be pushed away with the cleaning brush. As a result, the work of Kaminfegers is simplified; In particular, cleaning from the roof is no longer necessary. During operation, the electrode has high rigidity and at the same time good damping effect. The spring force can in this case be set and dimensioned so that the forces of the exhaust gas flow, ie the air resistance generated thereby at the electrode, and the electrostatic forces acting on the electrode, cause no swinging of the electrode. The electrode can be held in place with an additional weight. The at least one spring element of the electrode can be used as a spring, eg steel spring, be educated. The at least one spring elements is self-resetting due to its construction and / or its material properties.

Advantageously, the spring element consists of at least one cambered Federblechstück which is cambered transversely to the electrode longitudinal direction. The curvature of the electrode cross-section (that is, the curvature in the electrode transverse direction of a rod-shaped electrode) introduced by crowning advantageously has a radius of 5 to 100 mm (millimeters), preferably 10 to 40 mm, and more preferably 18 to 22 mm. Conveniently, the electrode in its cross section has an arc length of 8 to 100 mm, preferably from 12 to 50 mm and most preferably from 16 to 25 mm. Advantageously, the electrode is 1 to 4 meters (meters) long. Conveniently, a rather long electrode is used for an exhaust pipe with a rather large diameter. A cambered spring steel sheet has a very high rigidity and can still be easily bent. As soon as no external force acts on the spring steel sheet, it springs back into the stretched state. In addition, the break point over the length of the sheet is freely movable.

Furthermore, the spring element may consist of at least two or more cambered Federblechstücken, which are connected to each other with convex side portions or with convex and concave side portions. This more complex design results in a stronger spring force of the electrode.

In one embodiment, the rod-shaped electrostatic high-voltage electrode includes spring elements that extend substantially the entire length of the electrode.

In one embodiment, the rod-shaped electrostatic high-voltage electrode contains spring elements and dimensionally stable elements in alternating sequence, in particular in alternating sequence in the longitudinal direction of the electrode. In case of bending several bending points can occur simultaneously.

Advantageously, the restoring spring force of the spring elements is dimensioned such that the spring elements can be bent or kinked by muscular force, in particular by using arms and hands, a person entrusted with the maintenance, installation or cleaning of the system.

Conveniently, the restoring spring force of the spring or the spring elements is designed such that the spring element preferably the spring elements at least may be bent by 10 degrees, preferably at least 20 degrees, more preferably at least 45 degrees and more preferably at least 90 degrees. Furthermore, it is advantageous if the individual spring elements are bendable by at least 10 and up to 180 degrees, advantageously by at least 20 and up to 170 degrees bendable. It should be noted that the fewer the spring elements the electrode is constructed of, the more the elements should bend. The force required for diffraction depends on the material and the rod dimensions.

Conveniently, an electrode has sharp edges or tips for ionization. The edges or tips preferably have a radius of less than 1 mm, more preferably less than 0.5 mm and more preferably less than 0.2 mm.

In a further advantageous embodiment of a rod-shaped electrode according to the invention, in particular an electrostatic high-voltage electrode, the electrodes consist at least partially of cambered sheet metal, in particular spring steel sheet.

Advantageously, the electrodes (in particular the electrode surface) consist of at least 20 percent, preferably at least 50 percent, more preferably at least 80 percent and more preferably substantially from cambered spring steel sheet.

In accordance with the invention, cambered spring steels are used to produce rod-shaped electrodes, in particular electrostatic high-voltage electrodes. Due to their self-resetting spring forces, these electrodes and the equipment in which the electrodes are used are easy to assemble, maintain and clean.

Cambered spring steel according to the invention can be used for producing electrodes, in particular electrostatic high-voltage electrodes.

The inventive electrostatic fine dust filter system includes an electrostatic high voltage electrode and optionally a counter electrode and is characterized in that the high voltage electrode is formed as a rod-shaped electrostatic high voltage electrode.

The inventive electrostatic fine dust filter system is preferably characterized in that the system further includes a holder for the electrostatic high-voltage electrode.

The object is in particular solved by an inventive electrostatic fine dust filter system comprising an electrostatic high voltage electrode and optionally a counter electrode, wherein the system further includes a holder for the high voltage electrode, which in particular at least from a high voltage insulator, the electrode side of the insulator an arm with a holding means for holding a holding means Preferably, vertically suspended high voltage electrode and the mounting side of the insulator consists of a mounting means for mounting the holder, and wherein the holder is further equipped with at least one restoring element with self-resetting spring force. The restoring element in this case forms an articulated connection between the at least one mounting means and the holding means and allows for cleaning in the exhaust duct with a cleaning device, a deflection of the holding means and optionally attached thereto high-voltage electrode from the operating position and an automatic return to the operating position. The restoring element acts self-restoring as soon as an external force changes the position of the holder. This has the advantage that, for example, when cleaning with a chimney brush, the electrode inside the exhaust duct can be pressed on the side due to the flexible support and thus no longer forms an obstacle to the cleaning brush.

Advantageously, in this case the high-voltage electrode is formed as a rod-shaped electrode which contains at least one resetting element with restoring spring force, which allows a buckling of the electrode under the action of force and stiffens the electrode in the absence of force.

The electrostatic fine dust filter system according to the invention comprises an electrostatic high-voltage electrode and optionally a counterelectrode and is characterized in that the high-voltage electrode is designed as a rod-shaped electrostatic high-voltage electrode as described herein.

The electrostatic fine dust filter system according to the invention comprises an electrostatic high-voltage electrode and optionally a counterelectrode, wherein the high-voltage electrode is formed as a rod-shaped electrostatic high-voltage electrode which contains in particular at least one resetting element with resetting spring force, which allows a buckling of the electrode under the action of force and stiffens the electrode in the absence of force. The fact that the electrode has one or more bending or bending points, it is possible to mount the electrode laterally via an opening in the exhaust duct and dismantle. The opening in the chimney can be sized to the minimum size due to the maximum breakdown distance. The design of a chimney does not severely limit the design and design of the filter unit, since a lateral opening is sufficient as an inlet for the electrode. All other filter elements can be mounted on the outside of the fireplace.

Advantageously, in this case, the electrostatic fine dust filter system further includes a flexible insulating holder, a high voltage insulator, the electrode side of the insulator at least one arm with a holding means for holding a holding means preferably vertically hanging high voltage electrode and mounting side of the insulator at least one mounting means for mounting the holder, wherein the holder equipped with at least one restoring element. The restoring element in this case forms an articulated connection between the at least one mounting means and the holding means and allows for cleaning in the exhaust duct with a cleaning device, a deflection of the holding means and optionally attached thereto high-voltage electrode from the operating position and an automatic return to the operating position. In a preferred embodiment, the holder is equipped with at least one restoring element with self-resetting spring force.

The holder for an electrostatic high-voltage electrode for exhaust gas purification according to the invention includes a high voltage insulator, the electrode side of the insulator at least one arm (preferably only one arm) containing a holding means for holding a holding means preferably vertically hanging high voltage electrode and mounting side of the insulator at least one mounting means for mounting the holder to a Mounting location outside an exhaust duct of a chimney, wherein the holder with at least one return element with resetting Feature is provided which forms an articulated connection between the at least one mounting means and the holding means and which allows for cleaning in the exhaust duct with a cleaning device dodging of the holding means and optionally attached thereto high-voltage electrode from the operating position and an automatic return to the operating position. The restoring element is thus installed between the at least one mounting means and the holding means such that the holding means is connected to the at least one mounting means via the return element and that the holding means against the at least one mounting means is self-resetting, in particular elastic and / or resilient, movable. The at least one return element has a restoring effect as soon as an external force which changes the position of the holder is eliminated. As restoring forces gravity and / or spring forces can act. Deflection from the starting position and return can be repeated as required. The advantage is that, for example, when cleaning with a chimney brush, the electrode inside the exhaust duct can be pressed on the side due to the flexible holder and thus no longer forms an obstacle to the cleaning brush. The at least one restoring element is a movable element that can be designed as a spring, eg steel spring, as a hinge, mechanical joint, made of elastic material or a combination thereof.

In particular, in embodiments in which the holder is equipped with at least one return element with self-resetting spring force (eg in a spring as restoring element or a Haltersteilausführung with elastic material, such as silicone), the resilient return element acts self-restoring, as soon as an external force, which Position of the bracket changed, eliminated. The deflection from the starting position and the provision are advantageously elastic. In a further embodiment in which the holder is provided with at least one hinge as a restoring element, the restoring element may, for example, be restoring due to gravity as soon as an external force which has changed the basic position of the holder is eliminated.

Conveniently, the at least one return element allows a deflection of the holder or parts of the holder due to an external Force and the loss of external force, the provision of the holder or parts of the holder in the operating position (ie, home position).

Advantageously, the at least one return element is designed such that the holder, i. the parts of the holder which is arranged on the electrode side of the restoring element (ie the holding means), due to a bending or rotation of the return element (in particular about the turning or bending point of the return element) by more than 5 degrees, preferably by more than 10 degrees and on preferably can be deflected by more than 20 degrees from the basic position. The better the deflectability, the better the access for cleaning and maintenance of the filter system and the exhaust duct, or the chimney.

Alternatively, the at least one return element can be deflected in such a way that the holding means deflects with respect to the operating position in at least horizontal direction by at least 5 cm, preferably by at least 10 cm, more preferably by at least 15 cm due to a bending and / or rotation of the return element, more preferably at least 20 cm, can learn from its operating position. Dodging or deflection in vertical displacement can also be done.

Advantageously, the at least one mounting means is equipped with at least one return element for supporting the insulator. In this case, at least one carrier means which carries the at least one restoring element is preferably arranged between the at least one mounting means and the insulator. Alternatively, the at least one arm is equipped with the at least one restoring element or the insulator is self-restoring, in particular made of elastic material, such as silicone. The restoring element acts resetting as soon as an external force, which changes the position of the holder, is eliminated. The assembly-side positioning of the restoring element ensures the greatest possible displaceability, ie displacement distance of the electrode. This is for example when cleaning with a chimney brush of particular advantage, since the electrode can be pushed away inside the exhaust duct due to the highly flexible support to the exhaust duct wall and thus no longer forms an obstacle to the cleaning brush.

Advantageously, the insulator is connected via a detachable connection, in particular a plug connection, to the at least one mounting means, optionally via at least one carrier means. The insulator is only attached during assembly and can be removed at any time for maintenance. In addition, no tools are needed for this purpose.

The insulator is advantageously seated in an insulator holder, which is also anchored by means of the at least one restoring element on at least one mounting means, optionally via at least one carrier means, deflectable.

Conveniently, three, four or more restoring elements are arranged so that there is a restoring three-point, four-point, preferably Mehrpunkstützung of the insulator. The restoring elements are arranged, for example, such that a kind of spring table is formed which is positioned between the insulator, preferably insulator holder and a bracket designed for mounting. The one or more restoring elements thereby form the support legs of the table. By a broad support, which is given when using, for example, four restoring elements, the torque, due to the weight of the electrode, possibly (possibly) an electrode guide, and the forces acting thereon, can be better absorbed. In contrast to a spring support by only one restoring element, the support by several restoring elements is more stable and yet easily adjustable preferably dimensioned. On the other hand, a spring support with only one restoring element may possibly be structurally simpler to implement and thereby provides good flexibility and mobility of the holder.

Additionally or alternatively, restoring elements may be placed on the insulator mandrel on the electrode guide and / or the electrode itself. Additional restoring elements may also be used as springs, e.g. Steel spring, be designed as hinges or mechanical joints.

The insulator advantageously has a lamellar structure. This advantageously runs upwards in a fir-shaped manner, preferably tapering towards the electrode side. A continuous layer of dirt can be largely prevented by this design. The arm with holding means for holding an electrode protrudes in the direction of taper from the tip of the tapered insulator.

The insulator is made of silicone, for example, as this material has a strong insulating effect. Silicone itself has a certain elasticity. It is therefore alternatively conceivable that the insulator and mandrel are designed such that the insulator itself acts as a restoring element, can act in part. Silicone is also very water and dirt repellent. Creepage currents can thus be reduced to a minimum and the service life of the system maximized. Furthermore, silicone has a high temperature and ozone resistance.

Expediently, a power supply unit and optionally a control unit are connected on the assembly side to the insulator. In this case, the power supply unit is advantageously connected to the electrode via an electrical connection through the insulator.

Conveniently, a vibration unit, in particular a vibration motor, attached to the holder or integrated therein. By operating the vibration unit, the holder and thus the attached electrode can be vibrated. Due to the introduced vibrations deposited exhaust gas particles can be shaken off the electrode.

Advantageously, the at least one arm for holding a high-voltage electrode is provided with means for establishing a releasable connection, for example a plug-in connection or a screw connection. In this case, the at least one arm for holding the high-voltage electrode can be designed with further restoring elements. Additionally or alternatively, the at least one mounting means, if appropriate via at least one carrier means, can be designed with a plurality of reset elements.

These and other advantages and advantageous embodiments are shown below.

Figur 1:

Abgaskanal mit elektrostatischer Hochspannungsfilterausstattung mit über rückstellende Elemente flexibel gelagertem Isolator und elektrostatischer Elektrode in Betriebsstellung;

Figur 2:

Abgaskanal mit elektrostatischer Hochspannungsfilterausstattung mit über rückstellende Elemente flexibel gelagertem Isolator und elektrostatischer Elektrode in ausgelenkter Stellung während der Reinigung;

Figur 3:

Abgaskanal mit elektrostatischer Hochspannungsfilterausstattung mit flexibel gelagertem Isolator und elektrostatischer Elektrode mit alternativen und zusätzlichen rückstellenden Elementen oder Knickpunkten;

Figur4:

Isolator;

Figur 5:

Zwei allgemeine Ausführungsformen einer selbstrückstellende elektrostatische Elektrode: a) segmentierter Aufbau, b) einteiliger Aufbau

Figur 6:

Selbstrückstellende elektrostatische Elektroden beinhaltend a) zwei bombierte Federbleche, b) ein bombiertes Federblech;

Figur 7:

Querschnittbeispiele für selbstrückstellende Federblechelektroden;

Figur 8:

Abgaskanal mit elektrostatischer Hochspannungsfilterausstattung mit flexibel gelagertem Isolator und flexibler elektrostatischer Elektrode, a) in Betriebsstellung, b) bei Entnahme der Elektrode;

In the following, the invention will be described in more detail in a schematic representation with reference to the figures. It shows:

FIG. 1:

Exhaust duct with electrostatic high-voltage filter equipment with over-restoring elements flexibly mounted insulator and electrostatic electrode in operating position;

FIG. 2:

Exhaust duct with electrostatic high-voltage filter equipment with over-restoring elements flexibly mounted insulator and electrostatic electrode in deflected position during cleaning;

FIG. 3:

Exhaust duct with electrostatic high-voltage filter equipment with flexibly mounted isolator and electrostatic electrode with alternative and additional restoring elements or break points;

Figur4:

Insulator;

FIG. 5:

Two general embodiments of a self-restoring electrostatic electrode: a) segmented structure, b) one-piece construction

FIG. 6:

Self-recovering electrostatic electrodes comprising a) two cambered spring plates, b) a cambered spring plate;

FIG. 7:

Cross-section examples of self-resetting spring plate electrodes;

FIG. 8:

Exhaust duct with electrostatic high-voltage filter equipment with flexibly mounted isolator and flexible electrostatic electrode, a) in operating position, b) when removing the electrode;

Figures 1-3 and 8th each show an exhaust duct 9 of a chimney, which is equipped with an electrostatic high-voltage filter system 11. A chimney is designed so that exhaust gases can flow out through the exhaust duct 9 up into the environment. The exhaust duct is designed for this example as a pipe. Commercially available and installed exhaust pipes usually have diameters of about 100 to 400 mm. In operation according to FIG. 1 the electrostatic high voltage electrode 13 is positioned in the interior of the exhaust duct 9 in a central position in the axial direction (ie in the longitudinal direction). The inner wall of the exhaust duct 9 forms the counter electrode or has attachments for one or more counter-electrodes attached thereto. The counter electrode can be grounded. The high-voltage electrode 13 is preferably electrically connected via an electrode guide 15, an insulator 17 and a high-voltage cable 19 to an electronic high-voltage generating and control device 23. The electrode guide 15 is guided through an opening 25 in the wall of the exhaust passage 9 to the outside. On the electrode side, the electrode guide 15 is designed with an electrode attachment 27 to which the high-voltage electrode 13 is attached, preferably releasably secured. Alternatively, electrode guide 15 and electrode 13, electrode guide 15 and insulator mandrel 17 or all three components form a tightly connected entity. Insulator side, the electrode guide 15 is designed such that it releasably inserted into a coupling 29, which isolator 17 and electrode guide 15 connects. In one of its simplest embodiments, the coupling 29 merely consists of a hole-like guide in the insulator mandrel 17. The insulator mandrel 17 carries an insulator 31, which is preferably lamellar and tapered toward the electrode side, the lamellae 33 spaced layers of radial thickening of the base diameter 35 of the insulator 31 represent. The insulator mandrel 17 protrudes from the tip of the insulator, in particular in the tapering direction, into the electrode guide 15 and the electrode attachment 27 on the insulator side. Insulator dome 17 and electrode guide 15 form an arm with the electrode attachment 27 for holding an electrode 13. The insulator 31 is detachably inserted in an insulator mount 37, which is designed in such a way that in the inserted position, a high-voltage cable 19 establishes an electrical connection between insulator dome 17 and high-voltage generating and control electronics 23. The electrical connection between the insulator dome 17 and high voltage cable 19 as well as the high voltage cable itself are carried out against the console 41 and the restoring elements 43 electrically insulating. A power supply 39 ensures the electrical supply. The insulator holder 37 is flexibly mounted on a bracket 41. The console 41 is fixed to the chimney 9 by means of a mounting means (not shown) immovably at a mounting location 40. Restoring elements 43 provide flexibility, so that a force on electrode 13, electrode guide 15 or insulator mandrel 17 can be absorbed by a change in position and with decreasing force the home position restoring, preferably rückfedemd, can be taken again. The restoring elements 43 act simultaneously as joints, kinks and memory for the restoring force. Advantageously, a plurality of restoring elements 43 are used. In a preferred embodiment, four similar restoring elements are used. The four restoring elements preferably form the corner points of a square or rectangle and anchor the insulator mount 37 on the bracket 41.

Detachable compounds in the present context in each case by hand by the maintenance worker or chimney sweep easily detachable, preferably separable and re-established connections, as is possible for example with a plug connection, a clamp connection or screw connection.

The described flexible mounting of the high-voltage insulator 31 and the high-voltage electrode 13 results in the electrode 13 preferably escaping the electrode guide 15, for example a force emanating from a cleaning brush 45. Jamming or hanging of the cleaning brush 45 on the electrode 13 or electrode guide 15, as well as a deformation of the electrode 13 or electrode guide 15 can be prevented with this arrangement. The evasive movement 46 of the entire electrode holder 45, preferably the high-voltage filter system 11 due to the action of force during the cleaning movement 47 of a cleaning brush 45 is in FIG. 2 demonstrated. Due to the impact forces during cleaning, the electrode holder 49 is strongly deflected. Pressing and pulling forces 53 acting on the restoring elements cause the holder 48 to bend and deflect out of its original position, causing the mandrel axis to tilt. Notwithstanding the in FIG. 2 illustrated situation, the deflection movement 46, the electrode holder 48, 49 in particular the insulator 31, also to the chimney 9 to steer. In this situation, the shape of the insulator 31 turns out to be advantageous because even with a small distance between the insulator 31 and the chimney outer wall 9 an evasive movement of useful span to the chimney 9 through the tapered shape is made possible.

In FIG. 3 For example, the electrode holder 49 of a high-voltage filter system 12 with a single alternative restoring element 55 is shown. The alternative restoring element 55 supports the insulator mount 37 on the console 42. In addition, additional optional restoring elements 57 and 59, which are preferably integrated in the insulator dome in the electrode guide, are shown. These further or alternative restoring elements represent buckling points, which further increase the mobility and flexibility of the electrode holder 49 or, if necessary, ensure it alone. All restoring elements described here can be constructed as desired. By way of example, simple mechanical joints, springs, solid-body joints or elastomers are mentioned here.

The on the insulator dome 18 or on the electrode guide 16 additionally or alternatively placed restoring elements 57 and / or 59 are reasons of space with advantage of a spring, a hinge or a joint.

In FIG. 4 the insulator 31 is shown in detail (stored here in an insulator holder 37 without a resilient element on the mounting bracket 41). The insulator 31 is inserted positively and non-positively on an insulator holder 37. There are no screws or other fixatives needed. The insulator 31 is tapered towards the top, so it tapers towards the top. This shape allows a minimum size of the particulate filter 11 or 12. The dimensions of the insulator 31 as well as the entire filter 11 or 12 are defined by the strike-through distances through the tapered shape (fir tree shape) increases the isolation distance 61 and thus the breakdown distance in the upper region. In the lower region, the voltages are smaller due to the potential gradient, so that the insulation distance 63 can be kept small. In the FIG. 4 the electrical equivalent circuit diagram 65 is recorded on the left. Each ohmic resistance R represents a lamella of the insulator 31. An advantageous insulator material is silicone. Silicone has a very high temperature and ozone resistance. Due to its hydrophobic property, it is water and dirt repellent. Creepage currents can thus be reduced to a minimum. The service life of the filter 11 or 12 is thereby maximized. Due to the lamellar shaping, a forming electrically conductive dirt layer will be able to form only with interruptions, thus the lamella structure efficiently prevents a voltage breakdown on the chimney outer skin. In an alternative embodiment, the insulator dome 17 can be made flexible. This makes it possible that in combination with an elastic insulator material such as silicone, the insulator 31 acts elastically restoring.

In order to further improve the flexibility and mobility of the system, the electrode 13 itself can be made flexible. In FIG. 5 Two general embodiments of a rod-shaped self-resetting electrostatic high-voltage electrodes 67 and 69 are shown: In a longitudinally segmented embodiment (electrode 67 in FIG FIG. 5a ), flexible self-resetting elements 71 and rigid, rigid members 73 are arranged in alternating order. In a longitudinally one-piece, ie non-segmented, embodiment (electrode 69 in FIG FIG. 5b ), the electrode consists of a single self-resetting resilient element 75. Self-resetting resilient elements 71 and 75 may be embodied, for example, as domed chrome steel spring plates. In FIG. 6a is a rod-shaped sheet-metal strip 77 which is curved perpendicular to its longitudinal axis shown. An unbombiertes long piece of sheet metal is relatively easy to bend in the longitudinal direction. If such a piece of sheet metal is bent transversely to its longitudinal direction, it has a stiffening effect. A bending in its longitudinal axis now requires a greater force than is the case with an unbombierten sheet metal strip; In addition, the stretched shape of the metal strip resiliently with a higher spring force again. In FIG. 6b are two convex metal strips 79, which are interconnected at their respective convex sides, so to speak, back to back, via connecting points 81, such as rivets, is shown. Other cross sections of possible shapes and arrangements of cambered sheet metal strips are in FIG. 7 demonstrated. In Figure 7a the curved shape of a cross section of a single cambered spring strip 83 is shown FIG. 7b the arrangement of two metal strips 85 with the respective convex sides pressed against each other is shown in cross section FIG. 7c the arrangement of three sheet metal strips 87 is shown with its convex sides pressed against the respective two end regions on each one of the other two metal strips. In FIG. 7d FIG. 12 shows a cross-section of an S-shape curved spring steel strip 89. In Figure 7e the arrangement of three metal strips 91 is shown in cross section, wherein the metal strips are stacked with convex on concave side against each other. In Figure 7f an arrangement of four metal strips 93 is shown in cross-section, wherein two first metal strips are arranged with the respective convex sides against each other and the two further metal strips are arranged with the convex sides to the concave outer sides of the first two metal strips. Sheet metal strips with these cross sections and these arrangements or with similar cross sections and arrangements can be used as electrodes 75 or as electrode sections 71 in conjunction with rigid intermediate elements 73 FIGS. 5a and 5b be used. Advantageously, the edges of the metal strips are tapered as far as possible, so that the electrostatic coronal discharge proceeds as homogeneously and reliably.

In FIG. 8 are orientation and curvature of a self-resetting high voltage electrode 67 in the operating position ( FIG. 8a ) and when removing the electrode during, for example, maintenance ( FIG. 8b ). Due to the restoring spring force, the electrode is stretched in the operating position ( FIG. 8a ). The spring force counteracts electrical forces that could cause the electrode 67 to vibrate. Upon removal of the electrode 67 from the exhaust duct 9 this bends due to the applied muscle power of entrusted with the maintenance, installation or cleaning of the plant a person, whereby the removal of the electrode 67 is facilitated.

Hereinafter, electrode holder 48 or 49 and electrodes 13 will be described functionally. The exhaust gas rising in the exhaust duct 9 of a chimney with a described filter unit 11 or 12 is field-ionized in the passage in the vicinity of the electrode 13. This dust particles are electrostatically charged and deposited on the counter electrode. The inner surface of the exhaust duct 9 can serve here for example as a counter electrode. The resulting particulate matter precipitation is occasionally removed from the chimney sweep in smaller installations, such as in private wood-burning fireplaces and wood heating systems. In the inventive system, the cleaning can be done from below or from above. However, the procedure is often country-specific.

When cleaning from below, ie from the fire place or from the boiler room, cleaning brushes and brushes 45 may be pushed up by hand. If the electrode 13 itself is flexible or has its holder 48 or 49 flexibly mounted, the electrode 13 and optionally the flexible electrode holder 48 or 49 are pushed by the brush 45 to the side and / or upwards. The electrode 13 thus does not constitute an obstacle to the prescribed cleaning. The cleaning can be done quickly and safely.

For cleaning or maintenance from above, that is, from the roof, the flexible electrode holder 48 or 49 can be easily pushed aside because of their flexibility and optionally the electrode 13 are removed. To remove the electrode 13, this, preferably the electrode guide 15 or 16, pulled out of its holder and through the electrode insertion opening 25 of the Exhaust duct 9 removed. If a flexible electrode 13 (such as electrode 67 or 96 according to FIG. 5 ), this step is particularly simple, because the bendable electrode kinks when touched or when deflecting the lot and can be easily pulled out of the narrow opening 25. If deemed necessary, in addition, the insulator 31 with mandrel 17 or 18 can be removed. The opening 25 of the exhaust passage 9 is thereby freely accessible. Neither electrode 13 nor electrode holder 48 or 49 thus form an obstacle to the prescribed cleaning. The cleaning can be done quickly and safely. Disassembly and reassembly are quick and easy. Since the items to be moved are relatively small and handy, it ensures good stability of the chimney sweep and thus its safety.

It is conceivable during cleaning from the roof, the electrode holder 48 or 49 and the electrode 13 due to their flexibility without disassembly only to the side to push and introduce the cleaning brush from the exhaust gas outlet opening 95 or from the electrode inlet opening 25 ago in the exhaust duct 9.

If only one flexible electrode 13 (such as electrode 67 or 96 according to FIG. 5) is mounted, the electrode holder is however stiff (eg if the springs 43, 55, 56, 57, 59 are in accordance with FIG FIGS. 1 and 3 are not present), yet the exhaust duct 9 and electrode 13 can be serviced and / or cleaned from the roof. In this case, the flexible electrode can be removed from the holder and can be brought out of the exhaust gas channel 9 due to its flexibility through the electrode insertion opening 25.

The resetting spring forces are all designed in such a way that the springs give way slightly under the forces that act during cleaning and maintenance, but that under operating conditions the parts of the plant remain firmly fixed relative to the chimney and have no vibrations.

1. 1. Halterung für eine elektrostatische Hochspannungselektrode (13) zur Abgasreinigung beinhaltend
   • einen Hochspannungsisolator (31),
   • elektrodenseitig des Isolators (31) zumindest einen Arm (15,16,17,18) beinhaltend ein Haltemittel (27) zum Halten einer am Haltemittel (27) bevorzugt vertikal hängenden Hochspannungselektrode, und
   • montageseitig des Isolators (31) zumindest ein Montagemittel zur Montage der Halterung an einer Montagestelle (40) ausserhalb eines Abgaskanals (9) eines Kamins
     dadurch gekennzeichnet,
   • dass die Halterung mit wenigstens einem Rückstellelement (43, 55, 56, 57, 59) ausgestattet ist, welches eine gelenkige Verbindung zwischen dem zumindest einen Montagemittel und dem Haltemittel (27) bildet und welches bei der Reinigung im Abgaskanal (9) mit einem Reinigungsgerät ein Ausweichen des Haltemittels und gegebenenfalls einer daran angebrachten Hochspannungselektrode aus der Betriebsposition und ein selbsttätiges Rückstellen in die Betriebsposition ermöglicht.
2. 2. Halterung nach dem vorangehenden Aspekt dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das wenigstens eine Rückstellelement ausgewählt ist aus der Gruppe bestehend aus Federn, Stahlfedern, Scharnieren, mechanischen Gelenken, Elementen, welche zumindest teilweise aus selbstrückstellendem, elastischem und/oder federndem Material bestehen, und aus einer Kombinationen davon.
3. 3. Halterung nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das wenigstens eine Rückstellelement beim Ausweichen derart auslenkbar ist, dass das Haltemittel (27) aufgrund einer Biegung und/oder Drehung des Rückstellelements eine Auslenkung bezüglich der Betriebsposition in zumindest horizontaler Richtung um mindestens 5 cm, bevorzugt um mindestens 10 cm, weiter bevorzugt um mindestens 15 cm, weiter bevorzugt um mindestens 20 cm, aus seiner Betriebsposition erfahren kann.
4. 4. Halterung nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das wenigstens eine Rückstellelement derart ausgelegt ist, dass die Halterung, insbesondere das Haltemittel (27), aufgrund einer Biegung oder Drehung des Rückstellelements eine Auslenkung um mehr als 5 Grad, bevorzugt um mehr als 10 Grad und weiter bevorzugt um mehr als 20 Grad, aus der Betriebsposition erfahren kann.
5. 5. Halterung nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zumindest eine Montagemittel mit dem wenigstens einen Rückstellelement (43, 55, 56) zur Stützung des Isolators (31) ausgestattet ist und/oder dass der zumindest eine Arm (15, 16, 17, 18) mit dem wenigstens einen Rückstellelement (57, 59) ausgestattet ist und/oder dass der Isolator (31) selbstrückstellend, insbesondere aus elastischem Material, wie zum Beispiel Silikon, ausgeführt ist
6. 6. Halterung nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Isolator (31) über eine lösbare Verbindung, insbesondere eine Steckverbindung, mit dem zumindest einen Montagemittel, gegebenenfalls über zumindest ein Trägermittel (41, 42), verbunden ist.
7. 7. Halterung nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Isolator (31) in einer Isolatorhalterung (37) sitzt und die Isolatorhalterung mittels des wenigstens einen Rückstellelements (43,55,56) am zumindest einen Montagemittel, gegebenenfalls über zumindest ein Trägermittel (41, 42), verankert ist.
8. 8. Halterung nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass drei, vier oder mehr Rückstellelemente (43) so angeordnet sind, dass eine selbstrückstellende Dreipunk-, Vierpunkt-, bezugsweise Mehrpunkstützung des Isolators (31) besteht.
9. 9. Halterung nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Isolator (31) eine Lamellenstruktur hat und/oder dass sich der Isolator (31) zur Elektrodenseite hin verjüngt.
10. 10. Halterung nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass eine Stromversorgungseinheit (23) und gegebenenfalls eine Steuerungseinheit montageseitig mit dem Isolator (31) verbunden sind.
11. 11. Halterung nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zumindest eine Arm (15,16,17,18) mit Mitteln (29) zum Aufbau einer lösbaren Verbindung, insbesondere einer Steckverbindung, ausgeführt ist.
12. 12. Halterung nach einem der vorangehenden Aspekte dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der zumindest eine Arm (15,16,17,18) und/oder das zumindest eine Montagemittel, gegebenenfalls über zumindest ein Trägermittel (41, 42), mit mehreren Rückstellelementen (43, 55, 56, 57, 59) ausgeführt ist.
13. 13. Stabförmige Elektrode, insbesondere elektrostatische Hochspannungselektrode, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektrode (13) zumindest ein Federelement (71, 75) mit rückstellender Kraft enthält, wobei das Federelement unter äusserer Krafteinwirkung eine Biegung und/oder Knickung der Elektrode ermöglicht und bei fehlender äusserer Krafteinwirkung die Elektrode in die Betriebsposition rückstellt.
14. 14. Stabförmige Elektrode nach dem vorhergehenden Aspekt 13 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zumindest eine Federelement (71, 75) aus mindestens einem bombierten Federblechstück (77, 79, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93) besteht, das quer zur Elektrodenlängsrichtung bombiert ist. oder
15. 15. Stabförmige Elektrode nach einem der vorhergehenden Aspekte 13-14 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zumindest eine Federelement (71, 75) aus zumindest zwei bombierten Federblechstücken (79, 85, 87, 91, 93) besteht, welche mit konvexen Seitenbereichen oder mit konvexen und konkaven Seitenbereichen gegeneinander angeordnet verbunden sind.
16. 16. Stabförmige Elektrode nach einem der vorhergehenden Aspekte 13-15 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zumindest eine Federelement (71, 75) aus mindestens einem im Querschnitt mehrfach bombierten Federblechstücken (89) besteht.
17. 17. Stabförmige Elektrode nach einem der Aspekte 13-16 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Elektrode (13, 67) Federelemente (71) und formstabile Elemente (73) in wechselnder Abfolge enthält.
18. 18. Stabförmige Elektrode nach einem der vorhergehenden Aspekte 13-17 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die rückstellende Kraft des zumindest einen Federelements (71, 75) derart bemessen ist, dass das zumindest eine Federelement durch Muskelgraft, insbesondere durch Einsatz von Armen und Händen, gebogen werden kann.
19. 19. Stabförmige Elektrode nach einem der Aspekte 13-18 dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das zumindest eine Federelement (71, 75) derart ausgelegt ist, dass das Federelement um mehr als 10 Grad, vorteilhafterweise um mehr als 20 Grad elastisch gebogen und/oder geknickt werden kann.
20. 20. Stabförmige Elektrode nach einem der Aspekte 13-19, gekennzeichnet dadurch dass die Elektrode im Wesentlichen aus bombiertem Blech, insbesondere Federstahlblech, bestehen.
21. 21. Stabförmige Elektrode nach Aspekt 20 gekennzeichnet dadurch dass die Oberflächen der Elektrode zu mindestens 50 Prozent und bevorzug zu mindestens 80 Prozent aus bombiertem Federstahlblech bestehen.
22. 22. Elektrostatische Feinstaubfilteranlage beinhaltend eine elektrostatische Hochspannungselektrode und gegebenenfalls eine Gegenelektrode dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anlage weiter eine Halterung nach einem der Aspekte 1-12 für die elektrostatische Hochspannungselektrode beinhaltet und/ oder dass die Hochspannungselektrode als stabförmige elektrostatische Hochspannungselektrode nach einem der Aspekte 13-21 ausgebildet ist.
23. 23. Verwendung von bombiertem Federstahl zur Herstellung von Elektroden, insbesondere elektrostatischen Hochspannungselektroden.

Specifically disclosed herein are the following aspects:

1. 1. holder for an electrostatic high-voltage electrode (13) for exhaust gas purification including
   • a high voltage insulator (31),
   • on the electrode side of the insulator (31) at least one arm (15, 16, 17, 18) containing holding means (27) for holding a holding means (27) preferably vertically hanging high-voltage electrode, and
   • On the mounting side of the insulator (31) at least one mounting means for mounting the bracket to a mounting point (40) outside an exhaust duct (9) of a chimney
     characterized,
   • in that the holder is equipped with at least one restoring element (43, 55, 56, 57, 59) which forms an articulated connection between the at least one mounting means and the holding means (27) and which during cleaning in the exhaust duct (9) with a cleaning device an escape of the holding means and optionally attached thereto a high voltage electrode from the operating position and an automatic return to the operating position allows.
2. 2. Holder according to the preceding aspect, characterized in that the at least one restoring element is selected from the group consisting of springs, steel springs, hinges, mechanical joints, elements which consist at least partially of selbststrückstellendem, elastic and / or resilient material, and from a Combinations of it.
3. 3. Holder according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the at least one return element is deflectable during deflection such that the holding means (27) due to a bending and / or rotation of the return element, a deflection with respect to the operating position in at least horizontal direction by at least 5 cm , preferably by at least 10 cm, more preferably by at least 15 cm, more preferably by at least 20 cm, can learn from its operating position.
4. 4. Holder according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the at least one return element is designed such that the holder, in particular the holding means (27), due to a bending or rotation of the return element, a deflection of more than 5 degrees, preferably by more than 10 degrees, and more preferably more than 20 degrees, can learn from the operating position.
5. 5. Holder according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the at least one mounting means with the at least one restoring element (43, 55, 56) for supporting the insulator (31) is equipped and / or that the at least one arm (15, 16, 17, 18) is equipped with the at least one restoring element (57, 59) and / or that the insulator (31) is self-restoring, in particular made of elastic material, such as silicone
6. 6. Holder according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the insulator (31) via a detachable connection, in particular a plug connection, with the at least one mounting means, optionally via at least one carrier means (41, 42) is connected.
7. 7. Holder according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the insulator (31) in an insulator holder (37) sits and the insulator holder by means of at least one return element (43,55,56) on at least one mounting means, optionally via at least one carrier means ( 41, 42) is anchored.
8. 8. Holder according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that three, four or more restoring elements (43) are arranged so that a self-resetting three-point, four-point, preferably Mehrpunkstützung of the insulator (31) consists.
9. 9. Holder according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the insulator (31) has a lamellar structure and / or that the insulator (31) tapers towards the electrode side.
10. 10. Holder according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that a power supply unit (23) and optionally a control unit montageeitig with the insulator (31) are connected.
11. 11. Holder according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the at least one arm (15,16,17,18) with means (29) for the construction of a detachable connection, in particular a plug connection, is executed.
12. 12. Holder according to one of the preceding aspects, characterized in that the at least one arm (15,16,17,18) and / or the at least one mounting means, optionally via at least one carrier means (41, 42), with a plurality of return elements (43, 55, 56, 57, 59) is executed.
13. 13. Rod-shaped electrode, in particular electrostatic high-voltage electrode, characterized in that the electrode (13) at least one spring element (71, 75) with restoring force, wherein the spring element under external force allows bending and / or buckling of the electrode and in the absence of the external Force resets the electrode in the operating position.
14. 14. Rod-shaped electrode according to the preceding aspect 13, characterized in that the at least one spring element (71, 75) consists of at least one cambered Federblechstück (77, 79, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93) which transversely to the electrode longitudinal direction is cambered. or
15. 15. Bar-shaped electrode according to one of the preceding aspects 13-14, characterized in that the at least one spring element (71, 75) consists of at least two cambered Federblechstücken (79, 85, 87, 91, 93), which with convex side regions or with convex and concave side portions are arranged against each other.
16. 16. Bar-shaped electrode according to one of the preceding aspects 13-15, characterized in that the at least one spring element (71, 75) consists of at least one cross-sectionally cambered spring steel pieces (89).
17. 17. Rod-shaped electrode according to one of the aspects 13-16, characterized in that the electrode (13, 67) spring elements (71) and dimensionally stable elements (73) contains in alternating sequence.
18. 18. Rod-shaped electrode according to one of the preceding aspects 13-17, characterized in that the restoring force of the at least one spring element (71, 75) is dimensioned such that the at least one spring element by muscle gyrus, in particular by the use of arms and hands, are bent can.
19. 19. Rod-shaped electrode according to one of aspects 13-18, characterized in that the at least one spring element (71, 75) is designed such that the spring element by more than 10 degrees, advantageously bent by more than 20 degrees and / or kinked elastically can.
20. 20. Rod-shaped electrode according to one of the aspects 13-19, characterized in that the electrode consists essentially of cambered sheet metal, in particular spring steel sheet.
21. 21. Rod-shaped electrode according to aspect 20, characterized in that the surfaces of the electrode consist of at least 50 percent and preferably at least 80 percent of cambered spring steel sheet.
22. 22. An electrostatic fine particulate filter system comprising a high-voltage electrostatic electrode and optionally a counter electrode, characterized in that the system further includes a holder according to any of aspects 1-12 for the electrostatic high-voltage electrode and / or that the high-voltage electrode as a rod-shaped electrostatic high voltage electrode according to one of the aspects 13-21 is trained.
23. 23. Use of cambered spring steel for the production of electrodes, in particular electrostatic high voltage electrodes.

Legend:

9

exhaust duct

11

Electrostatic high-voltage filter system

12

Electrostatic high-voltage filter system

13

High-voltage electrode

15

electrode guide

16

electrode guide

17

Isolatordom

18

Isolatordom

19

High voltage cables

23

High voltage generation electronics and control electronics

25

Opening in the exhaust duct

27

Holding means for electrode attachment

29

clutch

31

insulator

33

insulator fins

35

Base diameter

37

isolator holder

39

power supply

40

assembly site

41

Console (i.e.

42

Console (i.e.

43

Returning elements

45

Cleaning brush or brush

46

evasive movement

47

cleaning movement

48

Holder for a high voltage electrostatic electrode

49

Holder for a high voltage electrostatic electrode

51

Compressive forces, direction of compressive forces

53

Tensile forces, direction of tensile forces

55

Alternative restoring element

56

Alternative restoring element

57

Alternative restoring element

59

Alternative restoring element

61

isolation distance

63

isolation distance

65

Equivalent circuit

67

Longitudinally segmented electrode

69

In the longitudinal direction one-piece electrode

71

Self-resetting element of the electrode

73

Stiff dimensionally stable element of the electrode

75

Electrode executed as self-resetting element

77

Crowned spring plate

79

Two cambered spring plates arranged back to back

81

joints

83

Cross section of a cambered spring strip

85

Cross-section arrangement of two cambered spring strip strips

87

Cross-section arrangement of three cambered spring strip strips

89

Cross section of an S-shaped cambered spring strip

91

Cross-section arrangement of three cambered spring strip strips

93

Cross-section arrangement of four cambered spring strip strips

95

Exhaust gas outlet opening

Claims (17)

1. Rod-shaped electrode, in particular an electrostatic high-voltage electrode, characterised in that the electrode (13) contains at least one spring element (71, 75) with a restoring force, wherein the spring element under an external force allows a bending and/or buckling of the electrode, and in the absence of the external force restores the electrode to the operating position.
2. Rod-shaped electrode according to the preceding claim, characterised in that the at least one spring element (71, 75) consists of at least one cambered spring sheet metal piece (77, 79, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93), which is cambered transverse to the electrode longitudinal direction.
3. Rod-shaped electrode according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one spring element (71, 75) consists of at least two cambered spring sheet metal pieces (79, 85, 87, 91, 93), which are joined with convex side regions or with convex and concave side regions arranged opposite one another.
4. Rod-shaped electrode according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one spring element (71, 75) consists of at least one spring sheet metal piece (89) that is multiply cambered in cross-section.
5. Rod-shaped electrode according to any one of the preceding claims characterised in that the electrode (13, 67) contains alternately spring elements (71) and dimensionally rigid elements (73).
6. Rod-shaped electrode according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the restoring force of the at least one spring element (71, 75) is dimensioned so that the at least one spring element can be bent by muscular force, in particular by using arms and hands.
7. Rod-shaped electrode according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the at least one spring element (71, 75) is designed so that the spring element can be elastically bent and/or buckled by more than 10°, advantageously by more than 20°.
8. Rod-shaped electrode according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the electrode (13) consists substantially of cambered sheet metal (77, 79, 83, 85, 87, 89, 91, 93), in particular spring steel sheet metal.
9. Rod-shaped electrode according to claim 8, characterised in that the surfaces of the electrode (13) consists at least 50% and preferably at least 80% of cambered spring steel sheet metal.
10. Electrostatic fine dust filter system containing an electrostatic high-voltage electrode and optionally a counter electrode, characterised in that the high-voltage electrode is formed as a rod-shaped electrostatic high-voltage electrode according to any one of the preceding claims.
11. Electrostatic fine dust filter system according to preceding claim 10, characterised in that the system further comprises a holder (48, 49) for the electrostatic high-voltage electrode.
12. Electrostatic fine dust filter system according to preceding claim 11, characterised in that the holder (48, 49) comprises

    - a high-voltage insulator (31),

    - on the electrode side of the insulator (31) at least one arm (15, 16, 17, 18) containing a holding means (27) for holding the high-voltage electrode attached to the holding means (27),

    - on the installation side of the insulator (31) at least one installation means for installing the holder on an installation site (40) outside a waste gas duct (9) of a chimney, and

    - at least one restoring element (43, 55, 56, 57, 59), which forms an articulated connection between the at least one installation means and the holding means (27) and which enables the holding means and optionally a high-voltage electrode attached thereto to move out of the way from the operating position during cleaning in the waste gas duct (9), and allows an automatic return to the operating position.
13. Electrostatic fine dust filter system according to claim 12, characterised in that the at least one restoring element (43, 55, 56, 57, 59) of the holder (48, 49) is selected from the group consisting of springs, steel springs, hinges, mechanical linkages, elements that consist at least in part of a self restoring, elastic and/or resilient material, and a combination thereof.
14. Electrostatic fine dust filter system according to any one of preceding claims 12-13, characterised in that the insulator (31) is connected via a detachable connection, in particular a plug connection, to the at least one installation means, optionally via at least one carrier means (41, 42).
15. Electrostatic fine dust filter system according to any one of preceding claims 12-14, characterised in that the insulator (31) sits in an insulator holder (37) and the insulator holder is anchored by means of the at least one restoring element (43, 55, 56) to the at least one installation means, optionally via at least one carrier means (41, 42).
16. Electrostatic fine dust filter system according to any one of preceding claims 12-15, characterised in that the at least one arm (15, 16, 17, 18) of the holder is provided with means (29) for forming a detachable connection, in particular a plug connection.
17. Electrostatic fine dust filter system according to any one of preceding claims 12-16, characterised in that the high-voltage electrode is attached to the holding means (27) in vertical suspension.

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