EP3051236B1 - Dispositif à cycle de congélation - Google Patents

Dispositif à cycle de congélation Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3051236B1
EP3051236B1 EP14848981.8A EP14848981A EP3051236B1 EP 3051236 B1 EP3051236 B1 EP 3051236B1 EP 14848981 A EP14848981 A EP 14848981A EP 3051236 B1 EP3051236 B1 EP 3051236B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
refrigeration cycle
degree
opening
refrigerant
state
Prior art date
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EP14848981.8A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP3051236A1 (fr
EP3051236A4 (fr
Inventor
Ken Miura
Takafumi HATADA
Kaku Okada
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Toshiba Carrier Corp
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Toshiba Carrier Corp
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Publication of EP3051236A1 publication Critical patent/EP3051236A1/fr
Publication of EP3051236A4 publication Critical patent/EP3051236A4/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/02—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for compression type machines, plants or systems
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B13/00—Compression machines, plants or systems, with reversible cycle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B49/00—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F25B49/005—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices of safety devices
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2341/00—Details of ejectors not being used as compression device; Details of flow restrictors or expansion valves
    • F25B2341/06—Details of flow restrictors or expansion valves
    • F25B2341/064—Superheater expansion valves
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2500/00—Problems to be solved
    • F25B2500/22—Preventing, detecting or repairing leaks of refrigeration fluids
    • F25B2500/222—Detecting refrigerant leaks
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/21—Refrigerant outlet evaporator temperature
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
    • F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
    • F25B2600/00—Control issues
    • F25B2600/25—Control of valves
    • F25B2600/2513—Expansion valves

Definitions

  • the invention described herein relates generally to a refrigeration cycle apparatus for preventing refrigerant leakage.
  • the refrigerant In a refrigeration cycle in which a refrigerant discharged from a compressor is returned to the compressor through a condenser, a pressure reducing unit and an evaporator, the refrigerant is often leaked from, for example, a connection between pipes through which the refrigerant flows (for example, JP 2008-164265 A ). It is required that the refrigerant leakage be reliably detected.
  • JP 2011 220624 A relates to a refrigeration cycle according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a refrigeration cycle apparatus of the present invention aims to detect refrigerant leakage with high reliability and accuracy.
  • a refrigeration cycle apparatus according to claim 1 is disclosed.
  • an outdoor heat exchanger 3 is connected to a discharge port of a compressor 1 through a four-way valve 2 and a packed valve 5 is connected to the outdoor heat exchanger 3 through an electrically-actuated expansion valve 4 by piping.
  • An indoor heat exchanger 6 is connected to the packed valve 5 and a packed valve 7 is connected to the indoor heat exchanger 6 by piping.
  • a suction port of the compressor 1 is connected to the packed valve 7 through the four-way valve 2 and an accumulator 8 by piping.
  • a heat pump refrigeration cycle is configured by these piping connections.
  • the electrically-actuated expansion valve 4 is a pulse motor valve (PMV) whose degree of opening continuously varies according to the number of input drive pulses.
  • PMV pulse motor valve
  • An outdoor fan 11 is provided near the outdoor heat exchanger 3 and an indoor fan 12 is provided near the indoor heat exchanger 6.
  • the compressor 1 sucks a refrigerant from the suction port, compresses the refrigerant and discharges the refrigerant from the discharge port.
  • the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 is sucked into the compressor 1 through the four-way valve 2, the outdoor heat exchanger 3, the electrically-actuated expansion valve 4, the packed valve 5, the indoor heat exchanger 6, the packed valve 7, the four-way valve 2 and the accumulator 8.
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 3 functions as a condenser and the indoor heat exchanger 6 functions as an evaporator.
  • the flow passage of the four-way valve 2 is switched, and the refrigerant discharged from the compressor 1 is sucked into the compressor 1 through the four-way valve 2, the packed valve 7, the indoor heat exchanger 6, the packed valve 5, the electrically-actuated expansion valve 4, the outdoor heat exchanger 3, the four-way valve 2 and the accumulator 8.
  • the indoor heat exchanger 6 functions as a condenser
  • the outdoor heat exchanger 3 functions as an evaporator.
  • a temperature sensor 21 is attached to the outdoor heat exchanger 3.
  • a temperature sensor 22 is attached to a side of the indoor heat exchanger 6 from which the refrigerant flows into the indoor heat exchanger 6 in the case of cooling.
  • a temperature sensor 23 is attached to piping between the four-way valve and the accumulator 8.
  • An outdoor unit A comprises the compressor 1, the four-way valve 2, the outdoor heat exchanger 3, the electrically-actuated expansion valve 4, the packed valve 5, the indoor heat exchanger 6, the packed valve 7, the accumulator 8, the outdoor fan 11, the temperature sensor 21 and the temperature sensor 23.
  • An indoor unit B accommodates the indoor heat exchanger 6, the indoor fan 12 and the temperature sensor 22.
  • a controller 30 is connected to the outdoor unit A and the indoor unit B.
  • a remote control operation unit 31, a manual reset switch 32 and an inverter 40 are connected to the controller 30.
  • the operation unit 31 is used for setting of operating conditions of the air-conditioning apparatus equipped with the refrigeration cycle apparatus.
  • the reset switch 32 is an automatic-reset push-button switch and is provided on a control circuit board for mounting the controller 30.
  • the inverter 40 converts an alternating-current voltage of a commercial alternating-current source 41 into a direct-current voltage by rectification, converts the direct-current voltage into an alternating-current voltage of a predetermined frequency F (Hz) and a level corresponding to the predetermined frequency F by switching, and outputs the alternating-current voltage.
  • the output of the inverter 40 is supplied to a motor in the compressor 1 as driving power.
  • the controller 30 comprises a control section 51, a leakage detect section 52 and an updating section 53 as primary functions, and is equipped with a nonvolatile memory 54 for data storage.
  • the opening control section 51 controls the degree of opening of the electrically-actuated expansion valve 4 such that the degree of superheating SH of the refrigerant in an evaporator is constantly at a target value SHt (superheating constant value control).
  • the evaporator is the indoor heat exchanger 6 in the case of cooling and is the outdoor heat exchanger 3 in the case of heating.
  • the leakage detect section 52 predicts the degree of opening Qm of the electrically-actuated expansion valve 4 in the case where refrigerant leakage does not occur in the heat pump refrigeration cycle based on the quantity of change in state of the heat pump refrigeration cycle, and detects refrigerant leakage in the heat pump refrigeration cycle by comparing the predicted degree of opening Qm with an actual degree of opening Qa of the electrically-actuated expansion valve 4.
  • the leakage detect section 52 stores the degree of opening Qx of the electrically-actuated expansion valve 4 at the beginning of operation of the heat pump refrigeration cycle in the memory 54, and a state quantity of the heat pump refrigeration cycle at the beginning of operation in the memory 54 as an initial state quantity (also referred to as an initial operation state quantity).
  • the leakage detect section 52 detects the difference between the stored initial state quantity and a state quantity at the current stage of operation of the heat pump refrigeration cycle (also referred to as a current state quantity) as the quantity of change in state. Based on the detected quantity of change in state, the leakage detect section 52 predicts (estimates) the degree of opening Qm of the electrically-actuated expansion valve 4 in the case where refrigerant leakage does not occur in the heat pump refrigeration cycle. Then, the leakage detect section 52 detects refrigerant leakage in the heat pump refrigeration cycle based on the difference between the predicted degree of opening Qm and an actual degree of opening Qa of the electrically-actuated expansion valve 4.
  • the predicted degree of opening Qm is hereinafter referred to as the predicted degree of opening (or estimated degree of opening) Qm.
  • the predicted degree of opening Qm is the degree of opening that the electrically-actuated expansion valve 4 should attain to at the current stage of operation of the heat pump refrigeration cycle on the premise that refrigerant leakage does not occur in the heat pump refrigeration cycle.
  • the initial state quantity is at least one of an operating frequency Fx, a condensation temperature Tcx, an evaporation temperature Tex and the degree of superheating SHx at the moment when set time tx (for example, 10 to 50 hours) has passed since the reset switch 32 was operated.
  • the operating frequency Fx is an operating frequency of the compressor 1 (output frequency of the inverter 40).
  • the condensation temperature Tcx is the sensed temperature T1 of the temperature sensor 21 attached to the outdoor heat exchanger 3 in the case of cooling, and is the sensed temperature T2 of the temperature sensor 22 attached to the indoor heat exchanger 6 in the case of heating.
  • the evaporation temperature Tex is the sensed temperature T2 of the temperature sensor 22 attached to the indoor heat exchanger 6 in the case of cooling, and is the sensed temperature T1 of the temperature sensor 21 attached to the outdoor heat exchanger 3 in the case of heating.
  • the state quantity at the current stage of operation of the heat pump refrigeration cycle is at least one of an operating frequency Fa, a condensation temperature Tca, an evaporation temperature Tea and the degree of superheating SHa at the current stage of operation of the heat pump refrigeration cycle.
  • the leakage detect section 52 when the leakage detect section 52 stores the operating frequency Fx, the condensation temperature Tcx, the evaporation temperature Tex and the degree of superheating SHx as the initial state quantity, the leakage detect section 52 extracts the operating frequency Fa, the condensation temperature Tca, the evaporation temperature Tea and the degree of superheating SHa as the current state quantity. For example, when the leakage detect section 52 stores the operating frequency Fx, the condensation temperature Tcx and the evaporation temperature Tex as the initial state quantity, the leakage detect section 52 extracts the operating frequency Fa, the condensation temperature Tca and the evaporation temperature Tea as the current state quantity.
  • the leakage detect section 52 when the leakage detect section 52 stores the operating frequency Fx and the condensation temperature Tcx as the initial state quantity, the leakage detect section 52 extracts the operating frequency Fa and the condensation temperature Tca as the current state quantity. For example, when the leakage detect section 52 stores the operating frequency Fx as the initial state quantity, the leakage detect section 52 extracts the operating frequency Fa as the current state quantity.
  • the updating section 53 updates the initial state quantity in the memory 54 in response to tuning on of the reset switch 32.
  • control executed by the controller 30 is described with reference to a flowchart of FIG. 2 .
  • the controller 30 determines whether an initial state flag f is "0" (step 101).
  • the initial state flag f indicates whether the degree of opening Qx and the initial state quantity have already been stored.
  • the controller 30 resets the initial state flag f to "0" when the reset switch 32 is turned on by a user or worker.
  • the controller 30 determines that the degree of opening Qx and the initial state quantity are not yet stored, accumulates operating time t (step 102) and determines whether the accumulated operating time t is greater than or equal to the set time tx (t ⁇ tx) (step 103).
  • the accumulated operating time t is successively stored in the memory 54 of the controller 30 for update.
  • the controller 30 zeros the accumulated operating time t.
  • the set time tx is a value from 10 to 50 hours, which is the beginning of operation. A suitable value is selected as the set time tx depending on an environment in which the refrigeration cycle apparatus is installed, etc.
  • the controller 30 When the accumulated operating time t is less than the set time tx (NO in step 103), the controller 30 returns to the flag determination in step 101.
  • the controller 30 determines whether the heat pump refrigeration cycle is in a stable operating state (steps 104, 105 and 106).
  • step 104 the controller 30 determines whether an absolute value (
  • the set value ⁇ SHs is, for example, 2 to 3 K.
  • step 105 the controller 30 determines whether the degree of superheating SHa at the current stage of operation of the heat pump refrigeration cycle is greater than or equal to a set value SHs (SHa ⁇ SHs).
  • the set value SHs is, for example, 1 to 2 K.
  • the controller 30 determines whether the operating frequency Fa of the compressor 1 at the current stage of operation of the heat pump refrigeration cycle is greater than or equal to a set value Fs (Fa ⁇ Fs).
  • the set value Fs is, for example, 30 Hz.
  • step 104 When at least one of the determination results of steps 104, 105 and 106 is no (NO in step 104, NO in step 105 or NO in step 106), the controller 30 returns to the flag determination in step 101.
  • step 104 determines that the heat pump refrigeration cycle is brought into the stable operating state, stores the degree of opening Qx of the electrically-actuated expansion valve 4 at that time in memory 54 for update, and stores the operating frequency Fx, the condensation temperature Tcx, the evaporation temperature Tex and the degree of superheating SHx as the initial state quantity in the memory 54 for update (step 107).
  • the controller 30 sets the initial state flag f to "1" (step 108) and returns to the flag determination in step 101.
  • the controller 30 determines whether the heat pump refrigeration cycle is in the stable operating state (steps 109, 110 and 111).
  • step 109 the controller 30 determines whether an absolute value (
  • the set value ⁇ SHs is, for example, 2 to 3 K.
  • step 110 the controller 30 determines whether the degree of superheating SHa at the current stage of operation of the heat pump refrigeration cycle is greater than or equal to a set value SHs (SHa ⁇ SHs).
  • the set value SHs is, for example, 1 to 2 K.
  • the controller 30 determines whether the operating frequency Fa of the compressor 1 at the current stage of operation of the heat pump refrigeration cycle is greater than or equal to a set value Fs (Fa ⁇ Fs).
  • the set value Fs is, for example, 30 Hz.
  • step 109, 110 and 111 When at least one of the determination results of steps 109, 110 and 111 is no (NO in step 109, NO in step 110 or NO in step 111), the controller 30 returns to the flag determination in step 101.
  • step 109, YES in step 110 and YES in step 111 the controller 30 determines that the heat pump refrigeration cycle is brought into the stable operating state, and detects the difference between the state quantity at the current stage of operation of the heat pump refrigeration cycle and the initial state quantity in the memory 54 as the quantity of change in state (step 112).
  • the state quantity at the current stage of operation of the heat pump refrigeration cycle is the operating frequency Fa, the condensation temperature Tca, the evaporation temperature Tea and the degree of superheating SHa.
  • the quantity of change in state is the difference ⁇ F between the operating frequency Fx and the operating frequency Fa, the difference ⁇ Tc between the condensation temperature Tcx and the condensation temperature Tca, the difference ⁇ Te between the evaporation temperature Tex and the evaporation temperature Tea, and the difference ASHxa between the degree of superheating SHx and the degree of superheating SHa.
  • the controller 30 predicts the degree of opening Qm of the electrically-actuated expansion valve 4 in the case where the heat pump refrigeration cycle stably operates without refrigerant leakage, based on the detected quantity of change in state (step 113).
  • the prediction is hereinafter described.
  • factors that determine the degree of opening Q of the electrically-actuated expansion valve 4 include "degree of dryness”, “refrigerant circulating amount”, “evaporation temperature Te” and “condensation temperature Tc".
  • the degree of dryness is a weight ratio between a saturated liquid and vapor (dry saturated vapor) in the case where the refrigerant is wet saturated vapor.
  • Q L ⁇ ⁇ / ⁇ P ⁇ 0.5
  • L the refrigerant circulating amount
  • ⁇ the refrigerant density on the refrigerant inlet side of the electrically-actuated expansion valve 4
  • ⁇ P is hereinafter referred to as the refrigerant pressure difference.
  • the factors except the refrigerant density ⁇ i.e., the refrigerant circulating amount L and the refrigerant pressure difference ⁇ P can be obtained by an operation using the operating frequency F, the condensation temperature Tc, the evaporation temperature Te and the degree of superheating SH.
  • the refrigerant density ⁇ can be obtained by correcting the degree of opening Q by using the operating frequency F, the condensation temperature Tc, the evaporation temperature Te and the degree of superheating SH.
  • the amount of change in the refrigerant density ⁇ is also the amount of change in the refrigerant in the heat pump refrigeration cycle. That is, whether refrigerant leakage occurs can be determined based on the amount of change in the refrigerant density ⁇ .
  • the parameters for the above operation i.e., the operating frequency F, the condensation temperature Tc, the evaporation temperature Te and the degree of superheating SH, are not significantly affected by the reduction in the refrigerant amount.
  • the degree of opening Qm of the electrically-actuated expansion valve 4 in the case where refrigerant leakage does not occur in the heat pump refrigeration cycle can be predicted (estimated) by the following operational expression of correcting the degree of opening Qx stored in the memory 54 at the beginning of operation by the quantity of change in state from the beginning of operation to the current stage of operation, i.e., ⁇ F, ⁇ Tc, ⁇ Te and ⁇ SHxa.
  • the predicted degree of opening Qm is a proper degree of opening that the electrically-actuated expansion valve 4 should attain to at the current stage of operation on the premise that refrigerant leakage does not occur in the heat pump refrigeration cycle.
  • the electrically-actuated expansion valve 4 is adjusted to the degree of opening greater than the predicted degree of opening Qm by the superheating constant value control by the controller 30.
  • the controller 30 successively recognizes the actual degree of opening Qa of the electrically-actuated expansion valve 4.
  • the controller 30 determines whether the obtained discrepancy amount ⁇ Q is greater than or equal to a threshold value ⁇ Qs (step 115).
  • the threshold value ⁇ Qs is the degree of opening corresponding to, for example, 100 to 200 drive pulses.
  • a suitable value is selected as the threshold value ⁇ Qs depending on the capacity of devices constituting the heat pump refrigeration cycle and the length of piping.
  • the controller 30 determines that refrigerant leakage occurs in the heat pump refrigeration cycle, and notifies the user of that effect by, for example, display of characters or an icon image on the operation unit 31 (step 116). The user can understand that the refrigerant leakage occurs by the notification and request maintenance or inspection.
  • the controller 30 deactivates the compressor 1 and prevents the compressor 1 from operating (step 117). Since the compressor 1 is prevented from operating, the compressor 1 does not operate while the refrigerant leaks, and the adverse effect on the refrigeration cycle device can be avoided.
  • the discrepancy amount ⁇ Q is obtained by experimenting using the amount of refrigerant leakage as a parameter and is plotted in FIG. 4 .
  • Qa_max is the maximum degree of opening of the electrically-actuated expansion valve 4.
  • the discrepancy amount ⁇ Q is 0 (%).
  • the discrepancy amount ⁇ Q 10 (%) corresponds to 50 pulses.
  • whether refrigerant leakage occurs in the heat pump refrigeration cycle can be reliably determined regardless of the length of piping in the heat pump refrigeration cycle and the difference in specification between the air-conditioning apparatuses equipped with the refrigeration cycle apparatus, by predicting the degree of opening Qm of the electrically-actuated expansion valve 4 in the case where refrigerant leakage does not occur based on the quantity of change in state of the heat pump refrigeration cycle, and detecting refrigerant leakage by comparing the predicted degree of opening Qm with the actual degree of opening Qa.
  • the degree of opening Qm can be predicted with high accuracy.
  • the threshold value ⁇ Qs for leakage detection can be set to a low value. Since the threshold value ⁇ Qs for leakage detection can be set to a low value, refrigerant leakage can be accurately detected even if the amount of refrigerant leakage is small.
  • the user or worker turns on the reset switch 32 after the relocation.
  • the controller 30 stores the degree of opening Qx and an initial state quantity of new operation in the memory 54 for update. By the update, whether refrigerant leakage occurs can be reliably detected after the relocation.
  • a plurality of conditions i.e., a condition that an absolute value ⁇ SH of the difference between the degree of superheating SHa and the target value SHt is less than the value ⁇ SHs, and a condition that the degree of superheating SHa is greater than or equal to the set value SHs (degree of superheating SH is a positive value), are used. Therefore, refrigerant leakage can be detected without absorption of liquid refrigerant into the compressor 1 and operating delay of the electrically-actuated expansion valve 4. That is, the detection accuracy is improved.
  • the liquid refrigerant is often accumulated in the outdoor heat exchanger 3 when the operating frequency F is low.
  • refrigerant leakage can be detected without accumulation of the liquid refrigerant in the outdoor heat exchanger 3 because a condition that the operating frequency Fa is greater than or equal to the set value Fs is further added as a factor that determines whether the heat pump refrigeration cycle is in the stable operating state. In this point, too, the detection accuracy is improved.
  • ⁇ ⁇ SHs" in steps 104 and 109 is used as a factor that determines whether the heat pump refrigeration cycle is in the stable operating state, but a condition of steps 104a and 109a shown in FIG. 5 may be used instead.
  • the controller 30 determines this condition as one of factors of the stable operating state.
  • the controller 30 determines this condition as one of factors of the stable operating state.
  • the set value ⁇ Qas is the degree of opening corresponding to, for example, 3 to 5 drive pulses.
  • a suitable value is determined as the set value ⁇ Qas depending on the capacity of refrigeration cycle device and the length of piping.
  • the certain period ty is, for example, 3 to 5 minutes.
  • a suitable value is determined as the certain period ty depending on the capacity of refrigeration cycle device and the length of piping.
  • ⁇ F, ⁇ Tc, ⁇ Te and ASHxa are used as the quantity of change in state in the above-described embodiment, but only ⁇ F and ⁇ Tc may be used as the quantity of change in state. At least one of ⁇ F, ⁇ Tc, ⁇ Te and ⁇ SHxa may be used as the quantity of change in state.
  • the manual reset switch 32 is provided as a means for updating the stored degree of opening Qx and the stored initial state quantity, but this means may be provided in the operation unit 31.
  • the degree of opening Qx and the initial state quantity may be automatically updated. That is, after the controller 30 executes the refrigerant recovery operation for relocation of the refrigeration cycle apparatus, the controller 30 automatically updates the stored degree of opening Qx and the stored initial state quantity.
  • the refrigeration cycle apparatus is installed in the air-conditioning apparatus, but the embodiment can also be applied to a refrigeration cycle apparatus installed in other apparatuses such as a boiler.
  • the refrigeration cycle apparatus of the present invention can be applied to an air-conditioning apparatus.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Air Conditioning Control Device (AREA)
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Claims (10)

  1. Appareil à cycle de réfrigération comprenant:
    un cycle de réfrigération comprenant un compresseur (1) conçu pour aspirer, comprimer et évacuer un réfrigérant, le cycle de réfrigération permettant au réfrigérant évacué du compresseur (1) de retourner au compresseur (1) par l'intermédiaire d'un condenseur (3), d'une vanne d'expansion (4) et d'un évaporateur (6) ;
    une section de contrôle d'ouverture (51) conçue pour contrôler un degré d'ouverture de la vanne d'expansion (4) de façon à ce qu'un degré de surchauffe de l'évaporateur (3) soit à une valeur cible ;
    caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend :
    une section de détection de fuites (52) conçue pour prédire, sur la base d'une quantité de variation de l'état du cycle de réfrigération, un degré d'ouverture de la vanne d'expansion (4) à atteindre à une étape courante du fonctionnement du cycle de réfrigération dans l'hypothèse où le réfrigérant ne fuit pas du cycle de réfrigération, et pour détecter une fuite du réfrigérant dans le cycle de réfrigération en comparant le degré prédit d'ouverture avec un degré réel d'ouverture,
    ladite quantité de variation de l'état étant une différence entre une quantité d'état au début du fonctionnement du cycle de réfrigération et une quantité d'état à une étape courante de fonctionnement du cycle de réfrigération,
    ladite quantité d'état au début du fonctionnement du cycle de réfrigération étant au moins un parmi une fréquence de fonctionnement Fx du compresseur (1) et une température de condensation Tcx, une température d'évaporation Tex et un degré de surchauffe SHx du cycle de réfrigération et
    ladite quantité d'état à l'étape courante de fonctionnement du cycle de réfrigération étant au moins un parmi une fréquence de fonctionnement Fa du compresseur (1) et une température de condenseur Tca, une température d'évaporateur Tea et un degré de surchauffe SHa à l'étape courante du fonctionnement du cycle de réfrigération.
  2. Appareil à cycle de réfrigération selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la section de détection de fuites (52) est conçue pour détecter la quantité de variation de l'état et la section de détection de fuites (52) est conçue pour prédire le degré d'ouverture de la vanne d'expansion (4) à atteindre à l'étape courante du fonctionnement du cycle de réfrigération dans l'hypothèse où le réfrigérant ne fuit pas du cycle de réfrigération en corrigeant un degré d'ouverture de la vanne d'expansion (4) au début du fonctionnement du cycle de réfrigération de la quantité de variation d'état détectée.
  3. Appareil à cycle de réfrigération selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la section de détection de fuites (52) est conçue pour stocker un degré d'ouverture de la vanne d'expansion (4) au début du fonctionnement du cycle de réfrigération et pour détecter la quantité de variation d'état et la section de détection de fuites (52) est conçue pour prédire le degré d'ouverture de la vanne d'expansion (4) à atteindre à l'étape courante du fonctionnement du cycle de réfrigération dans l'hypothèse où le réfrigérant ne fuit pas du cycle de réfrigération en corrigeant le degré d'ouverture stocké de la quantité de variation d'état détectée.
  4. Appareil à cycle de réfrigération selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la section de détection de fuites (52) est conçue pour cumuler un temps de fonctionnement du cycle de réfrigération, la section de détection de fuites (52) est conçue pour stocker un degré d'ouverture de la vanne d'expansion au moment où le temps de fonctionnement cumulé atteint le temps réglé, et stocke une quantité d'état du cycle de réfrigération sous la forme d'une quantité d'état initiale, la section de détection de fuites (52) est conçue pour détecter la quantité de variation d'état et la section de détection de fuites (52) est conçue pour prédire le degré d'ouverture de la vanne d'expansion (4) à atteindre à l'étape courante du fonctionnement du cycle de réfrigération dans l'hypothèse où le réfrigérant ne fuit pas du cycle de réfrigération en corrigeant le degré d'ouverture stocké de la quantité de variation d'état détectée.
  5. Appareil à cycle de réfrigération selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la section de détection de fuites (52) est conçue pour cumuler un temps de fonctionnement du cycle de réfrigération, après que le temps de fonctionnement atteint le temps réglé, la section de détection de fuites (52) est conçue pour déterminer si le cycle de réfrigération est dans un état de fonctionnement stable, lorsque la section de détection de fuites (52) détermine que le cycle de réfrigération est dans l'état de fonctionnement stable, la section de détection de fuites (52) est conçue pour stocker un degré d'ouverture de la vanne d'expansion (4) à ce moment et pour stocker une quantité d'état du cycle de réfrigération à ce moment, la section de détection de fuites (52) est conçue pour détecter la quantité de variation d'état et la section de détection de fuites (52) est conçue pour prédire le degré d'ouverture de la vanne d'expansion (4) à atteindre à l'étape courante du fonctionnement du cycle de réfrigération dans l'hypothèse où le réfrigérant ne fuit pas du cycle de réfrigération en corrigeant le degré d'ouverture stocké de la quantité de variation d'état détectée.
  6. Appareil à cycle de réfrigération selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la section de détection de fuites (52) est conçue pour déterminer que le cycle de réfrigération et est dans l'état de fonctionnement stable lorsqu'une condition qu'une valeur absolue (|ΔSH|) d'une différence ΔSH entre un degré de surchauffe SHa à l'étape courante du fonctionnement du cycle de réfrigération et une valeur cible SHt est inférieure à une valeur réglée ΔSHs (|ΔSH| < ΔSHs), une condition que le degré de surchauffe SHa à l'étape courant de fonctionnement du cycle de réfrigération est supérieur ou égal à une valeur réglée SHs (SHa ≥ SHs) et une condition qu'une fréquence de fonctionnement Fa du compresseur (1) à l'étape courante de fonctionnement du cycle de réfrigération est supérieur ou égale à une valeur réglée Fs (Fa ≥ Fs) sont satisfaites.
  7. Appareil à cycle de réfrigération selon la revendication 5, caractérisé en ce que la section de détection de fuites (52) est conçue pour déterminer que le cycle de réfrigération est dans l'état de fonctionnement stable lorsqu'une condition qu'une quantité de variation ΔQa par unité de temps du degré d'ouverture réel de la vanne d'expansion (4) est maintenue à une valeur inférieure à une valeur réglée ΔQas pendant une période déterminé ty, une condition qu'un degré de surchauffe SHa à l'étape courante de fonctionnement du cycle de réfrigération est supérieur ou égal à une valeur réglée SHs (SHa ≥ SHs) et une condition qu'une fréquence de fonctionnement Fa du compresseur (1) à l'étape courante de fonctionnement du cycle de réfrigération est supérieur ou égale à une valeur réglée Fs (Fa ≥ Fs) sont satisfaites.
  8. Appareil à cycle de réfrigération selon l'une des revendications 3 à 5, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une section de mise à jour (53) conçue pour mettre à jour le degré d'ouverture stocké et la quantité au début du fonctionnement.
  9. Appareil à cycle de réfrigération selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend en outre un commutateur de réinitialisation manuel et caractérisé en ce que la section de mise à jour (53) est conçue pour mettre à jour le degré d'ouverture stocké et la quantité d'état au début du fonctionnement selon le fonctionnement du commutateur de réinitialisation.
  10. Appareil à cycle de réfrigération selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que, après la récupération du réfrigérant dans le cycle de réfrigération, la section de mise à jour (53) est conçue pour mettre automatiquement à jour le degré d'ouverture stocké et la quantité d'état au début du fonctionnement.
EP14848981.8A 2013-09-27 2014-09-19 Dispositif à cycle de congélation Active EP3051236B1 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
EP3051236A1 (fr) 2016-08-03
WO2015046066A1 (fr) 2015-04-02
TR201819850T4 (tr) 2019-01-21
EP3051236A4 (fr) 2017-06-07
JPWO2015046066A1 (ja) 2017-03-09
JP6130921B2 (ja) 2017-05-17

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