EP3044802B1 - Dispositif de commande de microrupteurs - Google Patents

Dispositif de commande de microrupteurs Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3044802B1
EP3044802B1 EP14786309.6A EP14786309A EP3044802B1 EP 3044802 B1 EP3044802 B1 EP 3044802B1 EP 14786309 A EP14786309 A EP 14786309A EP 3044802 B1 EP3044802 B1 EP 3044802B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
actuating
microswitch
actuating device
key
silicone
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14786309.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3044802A1 (fr
Inventor
Fabio Tallone
Massimo Giolitti
Michelangelo Bono
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Bitron SpA
Original Assignee
Bitron SpA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bitron SpA filed Critical Bitron SpA
Publication of EP3044802A1 publication Critical patent/EP3044802A1/fr
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Publication of EP3044802B1 publication Critical patent/EP3044802B1/fr
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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H23/00—Tumbler or rocker switches, i.e. switches characterised by being operated by rocking an operating member in the form of a rocker button
    • H01H23/02—Details
    • H01H23/12—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
    • H01H23/16—Driving mechanisms
    • H01H23/168—Driving mechanisms using cams
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H21/00—Switches operated by an operating part in the form of a pivotable member acted upon directly by a solid body, e.g. by a hand
    • H01H21/02—Details
    • H01H21/18—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
    • H01H21/22—Operating parts, e.g. handle
    • H01H2021/225—Operating parts, e.g. handle with push-pull operation, e.g. which can be pivoted in both directions by pushing or pulling on the same extremity of the operating member
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2215/00—Tactile feedback
    • H01H2215/004—Collapsible dome or bubble
    • H01H2215/006—Only mechanical function
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2237/00—Mechanism between key and laykey
    • H01H2237/004—Cantilever
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H23/00—Tumbler or rocker switches, i.e. switches characterised by being operated by rocking an operating member in the form of a rocker button
    • H01H23/02—Details
    • H01H23/12—Movable parts; Contacts mounted thereon
    • H01H23/16—Driving mechanisms
    • H01H23/20—Driving mechanisms having snap action
    • H01H23/205—Driving mechanisms having snap action using a compression spring between tumbler and an articulated contact plate
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H2300/00—Orthogonal indexing scheme relating to electric switches, relays, selectors or emergency protective devices covered by H01H
    • H01H2300/01—Application power window

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a microswitches control device adapted to provide a switching perception or feeling substantially similar to that of actuating devices only utilizing silicone domes or bubbles, while also generating an audible metallic noise similar to a metallic click, as is typical of a microswitch.
  • the present invention provides a microswitch control device wherein the force/displacement graph, in its initial part, i.e. before the dome switches or collapses, is substantially similar to that which could be obtained by using only a silicone dome, while also providing, however, fast switching characteristics of the electric contacts, which could not otherwise be obtained by using only silicone domes associated with electric contacts.
  • the characteristic metallic noise of microswitches can be perceived.
  • the parallel action of a silicone dome and of the actuation of a microswitch allows obtaining the desired force/displacement graph, which may be, for example, substantially similar to that of a silicone dome, but with fast switching characteristics as regards the closing of the electric contacts.
  • Microswitch actuation or control devices are known wherein a silicone dome is superimposed on microswitches via silicone mat portions, which dome collapses under the thrust exerted thereon by an actuator. The same bubble, after it has collapsed, will press the key of the microswitch, thus causing the electric switching thereof.
  • the user only perceives the action of the silicone dome, without perceiving the contribution given by the microswitch, in particular the fast clicking thereof.
  • the force/displacement graph will be non-linear and substantially bell-shaped, as is typical of the behaviour of silicone domes.
  • the solutions known in the art comprise suitably shaped support structures that prevent the forces applied to the dome after switching has occurred from directly discharging from the dome onto the microswitch. In particular, such solutions will cause any excess force applied to the silicone dome to be discharged onto said support structure.
  • Fast-switching actuating devices which act directly upon the microswitches, wherein the microswitch is actuated by means of systems of levers.
  • Such solutions require a complex housing structure, including inclined planes for ensuring that switching will only occur after a predetermined travel, i.e. at predetermined angles of rotation of the key.
  • the user's perception of the switching action will essentially be dictated by the microswitch, leading to force-displacement graphs with broad linear sections.
  • control devices be as waterproof as possible, so as to avoid that water or condensate seeping in might cause short circuits in the electronic devices attached to the electric circuit.
  • a switch device including an operation knob rotatably supported by a case, and switch mechanisms which can convert a switch circuit disposed inside the case by performing a rocking operation on the operation knob.
  • a cam member having a cam face which can deliver click feelings to the operation knob is disposed in the case.
  • the switch circuit is converted in conjunction with the rocking operation of the operation knob, and click feelings are created so as to be delivered to the operation knob.
  • the present invention aims at solving the above-mentioned technical problems by providing an actuation device wherein the actions of the silicone dome and of the microswitch occur in parallel, so that a desired feeling will be attained.
  • a desired feeling will be attained.
  • the user perceives, prior to the switching of the microswitch, a soft action that is typical of a silicone dome, followed by a metallic noise as switching occurs.
  • the present invention allows obtaining a fast switching, which is typical of microswitches, and the waterproofing of the electronic circuit.
  • One aspect of the present invention relates to a microswitches control device having the features set out in the appended independent claim 1.
  • the switch control device comprising a key 2, which is secured to a housing structure 3 in a manner such that it can switch from at least one first operating configuration to at least one second operating configuration.
  • Said housing structure is, for example, a box-like structure preferably open at the top and at the bottom with respect to a vertical axis "Z".
  • the control device comprises an actuating element 4, operationally connected on a first end to key 2, thus moving integrally therewith.
  • the device according to the present invention comprises a base 32, into which a connector seat 33 can be integrated.
  • Said base 32 is adapted to be secured to a lower portion of housing 3 in order to form a closed casing.
  • an electric circuit 5 is mechanically fastened, which in turn comprises at least one microswitch 51.
  • Said electric circuit 5 is, for example, a printed circuit board whereon said at least one microswitch 51 is electrically attached.
  • said microswitch 51 comprises at its top, opposite to the portion thereof which is fixed to electric circuit 5, a button 52 that can be pressed in order to switch the electric contacts comprised in the microswitch.
  • the electric contacts of said microswitch may be such as to create a push-button or a switch.
  • the control device comprises at least one actuating device 6, appropriately constrained in order to switch from a first idle configuration to a second actuation configuration to actuate microswitch 51.
  • Actuating device 6 comprises at least one striker portion 61, upon which a second end of actuating element 4 acts for the purpose of moving said actuating device 6 depending on the movements of key 2.
  • the same actuating device 6 comprises a contact portion 63 adapted to act upon said at least one microswitch 51 as a function of the action of actuating element 4 upon said actuating device 6.
  • the control device comprises a silicone mat 7, in turn comprising at least one silicone dome 71 against which an abutment portion 65 abuts, which is distinct from said contact portion 63 of actuating device 6.
  • Said silicone dome 71 is preferably adapted to counter the movement of actuating device 6 itself.
  • the control device acts upon said at least one silicone dome 71 through said abutment portion 65 in parallel to the action of contact portion 63 upon microswitch 51, so as to obtain a fast switching action.
  • the parallel action exerted on both silicone dome 71 and microswitch 51 causes the user to perceive a soft action or feeling that is characteristic of silicone domes and to hear the metallic noise characteristic of microswitches.
  • the term "soft feeling” refers to the sensation perceived by the user in the case corresponding to a non-linear force/displacement graph, typically a curved graph, in particular having a bell-like shape or a horizontal asymptote, as is typical of silicone domes or bubbles like those shown, for example, in Figure 7 .
  • Said second fulcrum “T” can be formed, with substantially equivalent results, either on housing structure 3 or on base 32.
  • actuating device 6 is removably secured to the second fulcrum "T” through a fastening portion 67.
  • Said fastening portion 67 is, for example, a housing, preferably plastic hooks, adapted to be hinged, e.g. via a joint, to at least one protuberance that defines said second fulcrum "T".
  • actuating element 4 will act upon actuating device 6, which will behave as a third-type lever hinged to the second fulcrum "T".
  • control device when the control device according to the present invention actuates a microswitch 51, the following steps are carried out, preferably in succession:
  • actuating device 6 actuates only silicone dome or bubble 71 until it reaches a point of maximum force of the force/displacement function, thereby causing it to click.
  • actuating device 6 starts actuating microswitch 51 as well by pressing onto button 52, until the electric contacts included in the microswitch close or switch. Key 2 will then continue its travel until it reaches a mechanical stop provided on housing structure 3.
  • said actuating element 4 is movable along a longitudinal axis "k" of its own, countered by an elastic means 41, such as a coil spring.
  • an elastic means 41 such as a coil spring.
  • said elastic means 41 As actuating element 4 moves, in particular as it slides on striker portion 61, said elastic means 41 is adapted to be compressed, thereby accumulating elastic energy. Said elastic energy accumulated by elastic means 41 increases even further the speed at which actuating device 6 acts upon microswitch 51, thus improving the clicking or switching speed at which, for example, it operates button 52. This phenomenon is reflected in the force/displacement graph, wherein the section that connects the point of maximum force to the relative minimum point after switching is substantially vertical.
  • actuating element 4 is rigidly secured to key 2 or is integrated with key 2. In particular, said actuating element 4 is prevented from moving along its longitudinal axis "k".
  • this embodiment allows obtaining a fast contact switching speed, as shown in Figure 7 , in the graph concerning the control device according to the present invention there is a substantially vertical section corresponding to the switching of the electric contacts of microswitch 51.
  • said actuating device 6 has, for example, a substantially longitudinal shape, e.g. with a longitudinal extension "l", wherein said fastening portion 67 is arranged at one end, which is adapted to be fastened in such a way as to be able to rotate about the second fulcrum "T".
  • contact portion 63 which is adapted to act upon microswitch 51.
  • striker portion 61 is arranged, which is acted upon by actuating element 4 for the purpose of creating a third-type or third-class lever operating microswitch 51.
  • Said contact portion 63 preferably has a substantially beak-like shape that hangs over said microswitch 51 in order to exert constant pressure onto button 52 of microswitch 51 during its action.
  • Said abutment portion 65 is arranged, with respect to vertical axis "Z", at a lower height than striker portion 61.
  • abutment portion 65 is arranged underneath striker portion 61, substantially aligned therewith, with respect to said vertical axis "Z".
  • Said striker portion 61 is preferably a non-linear inclined plane, with a preferably concave curvilinear profile. Said striker portion 61 is preferably so shaped as to describe an arc of circumference comprised between 90° and 180°.
  • Longitudinal extension "l" of said actuating device 6 is substantially aligned with the direction of a first axis "X”, perpendicular to said vertical axis "Z".
  • control device is so shaped that, at least in the idle operating configuration of actuating device 6, said actuating element 4 is substantially aligned with silicone dome 71, as shown by way of example in Figures 3A , 5A and 6 .
  • actuating device 6 and the position of abutment portion 65 with respect to striker portion 61, in particular the position of silicone dome 71 with respect to the point where actuating element 4 applies force onto striker portion 61, provide an advantageous lever.
  • said silicone mat 7 covers the whole electric circuit 5 and the electronic devices and elements, such as microswitches 51 themselves, attached thereto. Silicone mat 7 is adapted to provide the required feeling via said at least one silicone dome 71.
  • Said electric circuit 5, preferably a printed circuit board, also comprises, for example, components for lighting key 2.
  • said silicone mat 7 has a surface extension at least equal to the area of electric circuit 5, in particular of the printed circuit board.
  • Said silicone mat 7 comprises an edge 72, which is perimetric relative to said mat 7, and which is preferably thicker than mat 7 itself.
  • said mat 7, preferably said edge 72 of mat 7, is set between housing structure 3 and base 32, as shown by way of example in Figures 3A , 5A and 6 , thus making electric circuit 5 waterproof. More preferably, said edge 72 is nipped between housing structure 3 and base 32.
  • said silicone mat 7 covers every electronic device comprised in electric circuit 5, including said at least one microswitch 51.
  • said first fulcrum "0" and said second fulcrum “T” respectively cause key 2 and actuating device 6 to rotate about two parallel axes normal to the plane described by the two perpendicular axes, in particular vertical axis "Z” and said first axis "X”.
  • the scope of the present invention includes, however, a control device that can actuate microswitches in both a push configuration and a pull configuration.
  • FIG. 2 and 4 An explanatory embodiment of a control device capable of operating with key movements in both a push configuration and a pull configuration is shown by way of example in Figures 2 and 4 .
  • key 2 is horizontally pivoted, starting from an idle operating configuration, between a push operating configuration and a pull operating configuration.
  • Said control device preferably comprises at least one actuating element 4, preferably two parallel actuating elements 4, adapted to act upon at least one actuating device 6 as a function of the operating configuration taken by key 2.
  • each actuating element 4 is adapted to act upon a respective actuating device 6, which in turn is adapted to act upon a corresponding microswitch 51, preferably in only one operating configuration of key 2.
  • one of said two actuating devices 6 is adapted to actuate a corresponding microswitch 51 only for movements of key 2 towards the push operating configuration, while the other one is adapted to actuate a corresponding microswitch 51 only for movements of key 2 towards the pull operating configuration.
  • each actuating device 6 is adapted to act upon a corresponding microswitch 51, preferably only one, and to be countered, as it moves, by a respective silicone dome or bubble 71.
  • a single silicone dome 71 is associated with each actuating device 6 for countering the movement thereof.
  • This control device ensures the characteristic soft feeling of silicone domes as well as the metallic clicking sound of microswitches, with fast switching times that are typical of snap-type switches.
  • Said microswitch 51 may be either a simple switch, e.g. a normally-closed or normally-open one, or a two-way switch, depending on electric circuit 5 to be created.
  • the control device provides a simple mechanisms that allows implementing a silicone mat ensuring the waterproofing of electric circuit 5.
  • This solution prevents the silicone mat or the microswitch from deteriorating because of the action of an actuating device upon a silicone dome.

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  • Push-Button Switches (AREA)
  • Selective Calling Equipment (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Dispositif de commande d'interrupteur comprenant :
    - une touche (2), fixée à une structure de boitier (3) de telle manière qu'elle peut basculer entre au moins une première configuration de fonctionnement et au moins une seconde configuration de fonctionnement ;
    - au moins un élément actionneur (4), raccordé fonctionnellement sur une première extrémité sur la touche (2), en se déplaçant ainsi d'une seule pièce avec celle-ci ;
    - une base (32), conçue pour s'ajuster dans une partie inférieure du boitier (3), à laquelle un circuit électrique (5) comprenant au moins un microrupteur (51), est fixé mécaniquement ;
    ledit au moins un microrupteur (51) comprenant, dans sa partie supérieure, un bouton (52) sur lequel on peut appuyer afin de commuter les contacts électriques intégrés dans le microrupteur
    le dispositif comprend au moins un dispositif actionneur (6), forcé de façon appropriée afin de commuter entre une première configuration inactive et une seconde configuration d'actionnement pour actionner le microrupteur (51) ;
    le dispositif actionneur (6) comprenant :
    - au moins une partie percuteur (61), sur laquelle une seconde extrémité dudit au moins un élément actionneur (4) agit dans le but de déplacer ledit dispositif actionneur (6) en fonction des mouvements de la touche (2) ;
    - et une partie contact (63) qui agit sur ledit bouton (52) dudit au moins un microrupteur (51) en fonction de l'action dudit au moins un élément actionneur (4) sur ledit dispositif actionneur (6) ;
    le dispositif de commande comprend un mat en silicone (7) comprenant au moins un dôme en silicone (71) contre lequel prend appui une partie butée (65) qui est distincte de ladite partie contact (63) du dispositif actionneur (6),
    ledit au moins un dôme en silicone (71) contrant le mouvement du dispositif actionneur (6) lui-même ;
    ledit dispositif actionneur (6) a une forme sensiblement longitudinale dans laquelle une partie attache (67) est agencée, au niveau d'une extrémité, qui est conçue pour être fixée de manière à pouvoir tourner autour d'un second point d'appui (T) ;
    au niveau de l'extrémité opposée du dispositif actionneur (6) se trouve ladite partie contact (63) ;
    ladite partie percuteur (61) est agencée dans une position intermédiaire entre ladite partie attache (67) et ladite partie contact (63) ;
    ladite partie butée (65) est agencée, par rapport à un axe vertical (Z), sous ladite partie percuteur (61).
  2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, agissant sur ledit au moins un dôme en silicone (71) par l'intermédiaire de ladite partie butée (65) parallèlement à l'action de la partie contact (63) sur le microrupteur (51), de manière à obtenir une commutation rapide et à permettre à l'utilisateur de percevoir l'action ou la sensation amortie qui est caractéristique des bulles de silicone et le bruit métallique qui est caractéristique des microrupteurs.
  3. Dispositif de commande d'interrupteur selon la revendication 1, dans lequel :
    - ladite touche (2) est fixée sur la structure de boitier (3) de telle manière qu'elle peut tourner autour d'un premier point d'appui (0) ;
    - ledit au moins un dispositif actionneur (6) est fixé par une charnière de telle manière qu'il peut tourner autour d'un second point d'appui (T) ;
    - ladite au moins une partie percuteur (61) est un plan incliné sur lequel coulisse la seconde extrémité opposée de l'élément actionneur (4) afin de faire tourner ledit dispositif actionneur (6) autour du second point d'appui (T), en fonction des mouvements de la touche (2) ;
    - ledit au moins un dôme en silicone (71), sur lequel prend appui ladite partie butée (65) du dispositif actionneur (6), et contre la rotation du dispositif actionneur lui-même.
  4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, dans lequel ledit second point d'appui (T) est formé sur la structure de boitier (3) ou sur la base (32).
  5. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans lequel ledit mat en silicone (7) recouvre l'intégralité du circuit électrique (5) ainsi que les dispositifs et les éléments électroniques (51) qui y sont fixés.
  6. Dispositif selon la revendication 5, dans lequel ledit mat en silicone (7) est placé entre la structure de boitier (3) et la base (32), ce qui rend le circuit électrique (5) étanche à l'eau.
  7. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, dans lequel, lorsqu'on tourne la touche (2), l'élément actionneur (4) agit sur le dispositif actionneur (6), qui se comporte comme un levier du troisième type fixé par une charnière au second point d'appui (T).
  8. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, dans lequel ledit élément actionneur (4) peut se déplacer le long d'un axe longitudinal (k) qui lui appartient en propre, contré par un moyen élastique (41), tel qu'un ressort hélicoïdal.
  9. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, dans lequel la touche (2) pivote horizontalement, en partant d'une configuration de fonctionnement inactive, entre une configuration de fonctionnement par poussée et une configuration de fonctionnement par tirage, et au moins un élément actionneur (4) est apte à agir sur l'un d'au moins deux dispositifs actionneurs (6) en fonction de la configuration de fonctionnement prise par la touche (2), et chaque dispositif actionneur (6) est apte à agir sur un microrupteur (51) correspondant et à être contré au cours de son mouvement par un dôme ou une bulle en silicone (71) respectif/ respective.
  10. Procédé d'actionnement d'un dispositif selon la revendication 1, dans lequel les étapes suivantes sont exécutées en séquence :
    - une première étape au cours de laquelle ledit dispositif actionneur (6), au fur et à mesure qu'il se déplace, agit principalement sur le dôme ou la bulle en silicone (71) jusqu'à ce qu'il atteigne un point de force maximum, ce qui provoque alors l'effondrement de ce/cette même dôme ou bulle en silicone (71),
    - une deuxième étape au cours de laquelle le dispositif actionneur (6), au fur et à mesure qu'il se déplace, continue à exercer son action principalement sur le microrupteur (51) jusqu'à ce que le contact électrique se ferme ;
    - une troisième étape au cours de laquelle la continuation du mouvement de la touche (2) jusqu'à ce qu'elle atteigne une butée mécanique prévue sur la structure de boitier (3) maintient la commutation qui s'est produite au cours de l'étape précédente.
EP14786309.6A 2013-09-10 2014-09-09 Dispositif de commande de microrupteurs Active EP3044802B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
IT000733A ITTO20130733A1 (it) 2013-09-10 2013-09-10 Dispositivo di comando per microinterruttori
PCT/IB2014/064328 WO2015036911A1 (fr) 2013-09-10 2014-09-09 Dispositif de commande de microrupteurs

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3044802A1 EP3044802A1 (fr) 2016-07-20
EP3044802B1 true EP3044802B1 (fr) 2017-03-29

Family

ID=49554435

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14786309.6A Active EP3044802B1 (fr) 2013-09-10 2014-09-09 Dispositif de commande de microrupteurs

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3044802B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN105659347B (fr)
IT (1) ITTO20130733A1 (fr)
MX (1) MX348416B (fr)
WO (1) WO2015036911A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102016014678A1 (de) * 2015-12-14 2017-06-14 Marquardt Gmbh Elektrischer Schalter
IT201600082433A1 (it) * 2016-08-04 2018-02-04 Elbi Int Spa Sensore di pressione per fluidi.
US10479166B2 (en) * 2017-12-29 2019-11-19 Denso International America, Inc. Toggle button
IT201800005572A1 (it) * 2018-05-22 2019-11-22 Sistema di azionamento per interruttori con centro di rotazione variabile e relativo interruttore
IT201900016256A1 (it) * 2019-09-13 2021-03-13 Vimercati Spa Interruttore a pulsante per pannelli porta di autoveicoli

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10110646A1 (de) * 2001-03-06 2002-09-12 Valeo Schalter & Sensoren Gmbh Schalter, insbesondere Schalter für Kraftfahrzeuge
ITTO20010877A1 (it) * 2001-09-14 2003-03-14 Bitron Spa Dispositivo di azionamento di un interruttore elettrico a lamina a doppio scatto.
JP4390686B2 (ja) * 2004-11-12 2009-12-24 アルプス電気株式会社 スイッチ装置
CN102017036B (zh) * 2008-03-13 2014-03-19 欧姆龙多尔泰汽车电子有限公司 电开关组件
US20110303516A1 (en) * 2010-06-15 2011-12-15 Omron Dualtec Automotive Electronics Inc. Electrical Switch Assembly with Pivoting Actuator
IT1403418B1 (it) * 2010-12-23 2013-10-17 Bitron Spa Interruttore di comando per un freno stazionamento veicoli.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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Title
None *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN105659347B (zh) 2018-04-20
MX2016003102A (es) 2016-05-26
ITTO20130733A1 (it) 2015-03-11
CN105659347A (zh) 2016-06-08
WO2015036911A1 (fr) 2015-03-19
EP3044802A1 (fr) 2016-07-20
MX348416B (es) 2017-06-12

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