EP3037741B1 - Procede destine a eviter le fonctionnement sans eau de chauffe-eau instantane' - Google Patents

Procede destine a eviter le fonctionnement sans eau de chauffe-eau instantane' Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3037741B1
EP3037741B1 EP15197543.0A EP15197543A EP3037741B1 EP 3037741 B1 EP3037741 B1 EP 3037741B1 EP 15197543 A EP15197543 A EP 15197543A EP 3037741 B1 EP3037741 B1 EP 3037741B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
time period
heating block
current flow
thermal switch
switched
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP15197543.0A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3037741A1 (fr
Inventor
Martin Lebernegg
Axel Schöps
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Vaillant GmbH
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Vaillant GmbH
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Priority to PL15197543T priority Critical patent/PL3037741T3/pl
Publication of EP3037741A1 publication Critical patent/EP3037741A1/fr
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Publication of EP3037741B1 publication Critical patent/EP3037741B1/fr
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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/101—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium using electric energy supply
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/10—Control of fluid heaters characterised by the purpose of the control
    • F24H15/128—Preventing overheating
    • F24H15/132—Preventing the operation of water heaters with low water levels, e.g. dry-firing
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H15/00—Control of fluid heaters
    • F24H15/30—Control of fluid heaters characterised by control outputs; characterised by the components to be controlled
    • F24H15/355—Control of heat-generating means in heaters
    • F24H15/37—Control of heat-generating means in heaters of electric heaters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2014—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using electrical energy supply
    • F24H9/2028—Continuous-flow heaters
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05B—ELECTRIC HEATING; ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; CIRCUIT ARRANGEMENTS FOR ELECTRIC LIGHT SOURCES, IN GENERAL
    • H05B1/00—Details of electric heating devices
    • H05B1/02—Automatic switching arrangements specially adapted to apparatus ; Control of heating devices
    • H05B1/0227—Applications
    • H05B1/0252—Domestic applications
    • H05B1/0275—Heating of spaces, e.g. rooms, wardrobes
    • H05B1/0283—For heating of fluids, e.g. water heaters

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for the prevention of dry fires in electrical water heaters.
  • DE 4142838 A1 shows an electric water heater with an impeller for detecting the flow through the water heater known. If the flow falls below a certain minimum flow, the power supply should be switched off. In order to take into account the inertia of the impeller, a timer is provided, which uses only after one and a half seconds, the signal of a low volume flow to shut off the power supply. Also the off EP 948015 A2 known water heater is protected by means of a temperature monitor, which reacts at inadmissibly high temperatures due to inadequate water supply.
  • DE 1440482 discloses a flow heater in which fusible links are mounted in series with the heating conductors which melt earlier than the heating conductors to protect them.
  • a safety temperature limiter which consists of a fuse and a thermal switch, which opens at a certain temperature and closes again on cooling.
  • the thermal switch is usually a bimetal switch, which opens a circuit at a predetermined temperature T s .
  • the fuse of the safety temperature limiter melts at a higher temperature T Sch and must then be replaced. If the melting temperature is significantly exceeded at a critical temperature T crit , it may cause the molten material to form an electrical bridge again.
  • the invention has for its object to ensure a safe avoidance of dry fire and to prevent afterheating in this case.
  • the instantaneous water heater is turned on again. If a current flow is measured immediately after the lapse of the second time period ⁇ t 2 , this is an indication that the safety temperature limiter has not triggered and, accordingly, fluid flows sufficiently through the instantaneous heater. Since everything is working properly, the current flow remains switched on.
  • FIG. 1 shows the environmental heat source circuit 3 a heat pump.
  • an electric instantaneous water heater 1 an environmental heat source 8, an evaporator 9 and a circulating pump 4 are connected in series.
  • the electric instantaneous water heater 1 has an electric heating block 10, which is connected to a control 6.
  • the electric instantaneous water heater 1 has a safety temperature limiter 14 in the form of a thermal switch 2 and a melt flow fuse 5, which are connected in series with the control 6.
  • the thermal switch 2 is designed in the form of a bimetallic switch and adjusted so that it opens from a predetermined switching temperature T S. If the thermal switch 2 cools down again, the contact is closed again.
  • the melt solder fuse 5 melts at a higher melting temperature T Sch .
  • a temperature sensor 7 downstream of the electrical instantaneous water heater 1 and the circulation pump 4 are also connected to the control 6.
  • the controller 6 has means for determining whether the electric heater block 10 consumes power and whether the circuit is opened or closed by the thermal switch 2 and the fuse 5. If the controller 6 enable power for the electric heating block 10, it can measure at the same time whether a current is flowing or the circuit for the electric heating block 10 is interrupted.
  • the circulation pump 4 of the environmental heat source circuit 3 is started.
  • Environmental heat is from the environmental heat source 8 transmitted to the environmental heat source circuit 3 and transferred in the evaporator 9 to the refrigerant circuit, not shown, the heat pump.
  • FIG. 2 shows the temperature profile in different constellations.
  • Line III shows the temperature profile of the electric water heater 1 in dry firing according to the prior art.
  • the heating coil 10 of the electric instantaneous water heater 1 is turned on. After a short delay, the temperature rises. The switching temperature T S is exceeded, so that the thermal switch 2 opens. Since the heat of the heating block can not be dissipated by a fluid, the temperature initially increases within the electric flow heater 1 until the melting temperature T Sch is reached at the melt solder fuse 5, so that it melts.
  • the high energy input during the further course also causes the critical temperature T crit to be exceeded at which the melt flow fuse 5 can be re-connected if solder forms an electrical bridge.
  • the thermal switch 2 closes again. If the solder of the fuse 5 has formed a contact, then the controller 6 recognizes this and switches the heating coil 10 of the electrical unit when there is a need for heat Water heater 1 again and the process begins again. As a result, the temperature of the heating block 10 rises until it finally comes to a complete failure of the heating block 10. Possible consequences are a total failure of the device and other consequential damages.
  • the inventive method provides for this, that only briefly the heating block 10 of the electric water heater 1 is energized, so that when the fluid in the water heater, a melting of the melt flow fuse 5 is excluded. For this purpose, first the circulating pump 4 is turned on. At time t 0 , the heating block 10 of the electric instantaneous water heater 1 is turned on and then turned off again after a first period of time ⁇ t 1 .
  • the temperature continues to rise due to the lack of water due to the low heat capacity. Both the switching temperature T S and the melting temperature T Sch are exceeded. Due to the short energization during the first time period .DELTA.t 1 , the critical temperature T crit is not exceeded. This is shown by line II. After the lapse of the second time period ⁇ t 2 no current flow is measured. This does not occur within the predetermined third time period ⁇ t 3 , so that dry fire is inferred and an associated error message is output. The heating block 10 of the electric water heater 1 then remains switched off.
  • the first, second and third time periods ⁇ t 1 , ⁇ t 2 and ⁇ t 3 are device-specific to determine.
  • the heating power of the heating block 10 and the first time period .DELTA.t 1 the amount of heat introduced is determined. From the heat capacity and mass of the heating block 10 results in its heating behavior. Accordingly, the first time period .DELTA.t 1 is to be determined so that in dry firing in the next few seconds, although the switching temperature T S is exceeded, but not the melting temperature T Sch .
  • the second period of time ⁇ t 2 must be chosen so that after her no increase in temperature is expected.
  • the Third time period ⁇ t 3 must ultimately be chosen such that in the case of a non-flowing, but existing fluid of the thermal switch 2 is closed again.
  • the time period ⁇ t 1 , ⁇ t 2 and ⁇ t 3 may be calculated or determined experimentally.
  • the method according to the invention can also be carried out alternatively without the third time period ⁇ t 3 , if the control 6 can determine during the second time period ⁇ t 2 whether the thermal switch 2 and the melt flow fuse 5 are closed.
  • the control relay 11 is located in the control 6 in the circuit of the heating block 10 and serves to shut off the heating block 10 after the first time period .DELTA.t. 1
  • the safety relay 12 is also located in the control 6.
  • the safety relay 12 is energized by the circuit through the safety temperature limiter 14. If the safety relay 12 is de-energized, it opens the circuit through the heating block 10. Parallel to the safety temperature limiter 14, a voltage measurement 13 is present.
  • the thermal switch 2 After the lapse of the first time period ⁇ t 1 , during the second time period ⁇ t 2, it is continuously measured by means of the voltage measurement 13 whether the thermal switch 2 is closed and the hot melt fuse 5 is intact. If the safety temperature limiter 14 is closed, the voltage is zero. If the safety temperature limiter 14 is open, the mains voltage is present. If the thermal switch 2 and the melt flow fuse 5 are closed during the entire second time period ⁇ t 2 , this is equivalent to a proper operation (flowing fluid present). There is fluid in the water heater 1, but there is no flow, so the switching temperature T s of the thermal switch 2 is exceeded, but not in the course of the higher melting temperature T Sch of the melt flow fuse 5, which accordingly does not melt (line I). By opening the thermal switch 2 opens the safety relay 12. The control 6 switches the heating block 10 by means of control relay 11 permanently. If the thermal switch 2 cools down again, the safety relay 12 is energized again, but the heating block 10 remains switched off.
  • the determination of the times can also be determined experimentally by means of a defined procedure.
  • dry firing at least the factors initial / ambient temperature at the beginning of the start-up of the instantaneous water heater and the supply voltage have an influence on the temperature profile in the instantaneous water heater.
  • at maximum permissible supply voltage with at least three different, predetermined time periods .DELTA.t 1 of the water heater is operated in a dry fire and continuously detected at the position of the fuse 5, the temperature occurring. This measurement continues to be performed at various initial / ambient temperatures. For each measurement, the maximum temperature that has occurred at the position of the fuse 5 is determined. This makes it possible to determine a suitable time periods ⁇ t 1 , ⁇ t 2 and ⁇ t 3 .

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Control Of Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)

Claims (4)

  1. Procédé destiné à éviter le fonctionnement sans eau d'un chauffe-eau instantané électrique (1) avec un bloc chauffant (10) dans un circuit hydraulique (3) dans lequel une pompe de recirculation (4) se trouve, ainsi qu'avec une sécurité à soudure fusible (5) et un commutateur thermique (2) qui sont montés en série électriquement et sont raccordés par conduction thermique au bloc chauffant (10), dans lequel le commutateur thermique (2) s'ouvre au-dessus d'une température de commutation TS prescrite, et la sécurité à soudure fusible (5) fond près d'une température TSch prescrite supérieure, dans lequel un débit de courant par la sécurité à soudure fusible (5) et le commutateur thermique (2) est mesuré et dans le cas d'une interruption de courant le bloc chauffant (10) est éteint,
    dans lequel la pompe de recirculation (4) est allumée, le bloc chauffant (10) est ensuite allumé pour une première période de temps Δt1 et après l'arrêt du bloc chauffant (10) une deuxième période de temps Δt2 est attendue, dans lequel
    • après l'écoulement de la deuxième période de temps Δt2 le bloc chauffant (10) est de nouveau allumé et
    o au cas où juste après l'écoulement de la deuxième période de temps Δt2 un débit de courant par la sécurité à soudure fusible (5) et le commutateur thermique (2) est mesuré, le débit de courant par le bloc chauffant (10) reste allumé,
    o alors qu'au cas où juste après l'écoulement de la deuxième période de temps Δt2 aucun débit de courant par la sécurité à soudure fusible (5) et le commutateur thermique (2) n'est mesuré, celui-ci se règle toutefois dans une troisième période de temps Δt3, il est conclu à un débit volumique trop faible,
    • ou dans la période de temps Δt2 il est vérifié si un débit de courant par la sécurité à soudure fusible (5) et le commutateur thermique (2) est réalisé et
    ∘ dans le cas dans lequel dans la deuxième période de temps Δt2 aucun débit de courant par la sécurité à soudure fusible (5) et le commutateur thermique (2) n'est réalisé, il est conclu à un fonctionnement sans eau ;
    ∘ alors que dans le cas dans lequel dans la deuxième période de temps entière Δt2 un débit de courant par la sécurité à soudure fusible (5) et le commutateur thermique (2) est réalisé, le débit de courant par le bloc chauffant (10) est de nouveau allumé.
  2. Procédé destiné à éviter le fonctionnement sans eau selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que lorsqu'après l'écoulement de la deuxième période de temps Δt2 le bloc chauffant (10) est de nouveau allumé, au cas où juste après l'écoulement de la deuxième période de temps Δt2 aucun débit n'est mesuré, celui-ci ne se règle pas non plus dans une troisième période de temps prescrite Δt3, il est conclu à un fonctionnement sans eau.
  3. Procédé destiné à éviter le fonctionnement sans eau selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que lorsqu'il est conclu à un débit volumique trop faible ou un fonctionnement sans eau un message d'erreur afférent est émis.
  4. Procédé destiné à éviter le fonctionnement sans eau selon l'une quelconque des revendications précitées, caractérisé en ce que lorsqu'il conclu à un fonctionnement sans eau, le bloc chauffant (10) du chauffe-eau instantané (1) électrique est éteint.
EP15197543.0A 2014-12-23 2015-12-02 Procede destine a eviter le fonctionnement sans eau de chauffe-eau instantane' Active EP3037741B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL15197543T PL3037741T3 (pl) 2014-12-23 2015-12-02 Sposób zapobiegania grzaniu na sucho elektrycznych grzejników przepływowych

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102014226892.3A DE102014226892A1 (de) 2014-12-23 2014-12-23 Verfahren zur Vermeidung von Trockenbrand bei elektrischen Durchlauferhitzern

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3037741A1 EP3037741A1 (fr) 2016-06-29
EP3037741B1 true EP3037741B1 (fr) 2018-03-14

Family

ID=54782528

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP15197543.0A Active EP3037741B1 (fr) 2014-12-23 2015-12-02 Procede destine a eviter le fonctionnement sans eau de chauffe-eau instantane'

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3037741B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102014226892A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK3037741T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2670358T3 (fr)
PL (1) PL3037741T3 (fr)
PT (1) PT3037741T (fr)
TR (1) TR201806927T4 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3869118A1 (fr) 2020-02-24 2021-08-25 Vaillant GmbH Chauffe-eau électrique

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106642720A (zh) * 2016-11-17 2017-05-10 佛山市云米电器科技有限公司 快速水加热装置的预感式防干烧结构
CN108592380A (zh) * 2018-04-03 2018-09-28 中山活水来智慧物联网有限责任公司 商用即热式防干烧热水器及控温控流量防干烧加热方法
SK9745Y1 (sk) 2022-08-15 2023-05-17 Protherm Production S.R.O. Modulárny PTC elektrický ohrievač

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1440482A1 (de) * 1959-03-20 1969-03-27 Licentia Gmbh Schutzeinrichung fuer elektrisch beheizte Durchlauferhitzer
AT404418B (de) * 1991-01-03 1998-11-25 Vaillant Gmbh Sicherheitseinrichtung für einen elektrisch beheizten durchlauf-wassererhitzer
DE19814302A1 (de) * 1998-03-31 1999-10-07 Forbach Gmbh Elektro-Hausgerät, insbesondere elektrischer Durchlauferhitzer
DE102008056580A1 (de) * 2008-11-10 2010-05-12 BSH Bosch und Siemens Hausgeräte GmbH Haushalts-Geschirrspülmaschine mit einer Sorptionstrocknungseinrichtung sowie zugehöriges Verfahren

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
None *

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP3869118A1 (fr) 2020-02-24 2021-08-25 Vaillant GmbH Chauffe-eau électrique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
TR201806927T4 (tr) 2018-06-21
DE102014226892A1 (de) 2016-06-23
ES2670358T3 (es) 2018-05-30
PT3037741T (pt) 2018-05-25
EP3037741A1 (fr) 2016-06-29
DK3037741T3 (en) 2018-06-06
PL3037741T3 (pl) 2018-08-31

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