EP3017153A2 - Utilisation de fluides de travail à haut rendement pour des machines thermodynamiques - Google Patents
Utilisation de fluides de travail à haut rendement pour des machines thermodynamiquesInfo
- Publication number
- EP3017153A2 EP3017153A2 EP14730880.3A EP14730880A EP3017153A2 EP 3017153 A2 EP3017153 A2 EP 3017153A2 EP 14730880 A EP14730880 A EP 14730880A EP 3017153 A2 EP3017153 A2 EP 3017153A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- working medium
- heat engine
- kpa
- mol
- orc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- C09K—MATERIALS FOR MISCELLANEOUS APPLICATIONS, NOT PROVIDED FOR ELSEWHERE
- C09K5/00—Heat-transfer, heat-exchange or heat-storage materials, e.g. refrigerants; Materials for the production of heat or cold by chemical reactions other than by combustion
- C09K5/02—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used
- C09K5/04—Materials undergoing a change of physical state when used the change of state being from liquid to vapour or vice versa
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01K—STEAM ENGINE PLANTS; STEAM ACCUMULATORS; ENGINE PLANTS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; ENGINES USING SPECIAL WORKING FLUIDS OR CYCLES
- F01K25/00—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for
- F01K25/08—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours
- F01K25/10—Plants or engines characterised by use of special working fluids, not otherwise provided for; Plants operating in closed cycles and not otherwise provided for using special vapours the vapours being cold, e.g. ammonia, carbon dioxide, ether
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E20/00—Combustion technologies with mitigation potential
- Y02E20/14—Combined heat and power generation [CHP]
Definitions
- the invention relates to a heat engine for performing an Organic Rankine Cycle (ORC) comprising an evaporator, a motor, a condenser and a circuit containing a fluid working medium and the use of a working medium for a heat engine.
- ORC Organic Rankine Cycle
- ORC stands for "Organic Rankine Cycle", which in German means “organic Rankine cycle”.
- An ORC process is a thermodynamic cycle for converting heat into mechanical work using one
- An ORC process is a simple thermodynamic process
- Circular process in which the working fluid is evaporated by the supply of heat at a high pressure level and optionally overheated.
- the superheated steam is in an expander (especially an engine like a piston engine or a turbine) Relaxed while cooling to a low pressure while doing work.
- the work can be used directly mechanically or is converted into electricity by means of a generator.
- the steam exiting the expander may still be superheated or may already be relaxed down to the wet steam area, so that there is already a proportionate amount of liquid.
- the complete liquefaction takes place in the condenser.
- the power-generating cycle is operated instead of water with an organic working fluid, which can use the heat generated at a low temperature level thermodynamically efficient.
- the working medium used plays a key role, because the optimal interaction between working medium and process configuration
- Suitable working media for ORC processes are in particular chlorofluorocarbons and hydrocarbons as well as mixtures of fluids (hydrocarbons and water, fluorohydrocarbon mixtures) and organic silicon components.
- Hydrocarbons such as pentane, siloxanes such as octamethyltrisiloxane or fluorinated hydrocarbons such as R134a or R245fa (Quoilin, S., Lemort, V., Technological and Economical Survey of Organic Rankine Cycle, 5th European
- Organikarbeitsfluid that is used as a working medium.
- Hydrocarbons An essential advantage of these substances is their physical properties. So these substances are usually not flammable and non-toxic. A disadvantage of such substances is that the boiling point of fluorinated hydrocarbons is usually very low, since these were usually developed as a refrigerant and therefore are only suitable for use in an ORC system at higher temperatures.
- ORC working media are the hydrocarbons, such as toluene, pentane and isobutane.
- the hydrocarbons are well known as suitable ORC working media and are used in ORC machines.
- the physical properties must be taken into account when using these media.
- ORC steam engine from DeVeTec GmbH is used as the most efficient working fluid in a temperature range starting at approx. 250 ° C.
- thermodynamic properties including thermal stability, enthalpy of vaporization, vapor pressure and heat capacity
- Working medium further requirements such as low toxicity and low environmental impact (for example, with regard to the harmlessness of the
- Another object of the present invention is therefore a working medium
- Working medium especially in terms of harmfulness to the ozone layer and the climate to be good. Furthermore, the working medium should be the components of such
- the working medium has a critical pressure (pc) between 4000 kPa and 6500 kPa, preferably between 4200 kPa and 6300 kPa, the working fluid has a critical temperature (Tc) between 450 K and 650 K, preferably between 460 K and 600 K, the working medium has a molecular weight between 50 g / mol and 80 g / mol, preferably between 60 g / mol and 75 g / mol, and the gaseous working medium at a Adiabatic expansion partially condensed.
- pc critical pressure
- Tc critical temperature
- Cyclopentene or at least one alkyl formate or a mixture thereof is preferably a methyl formate and / or ethyl formate.
- Heat engine is an expansion machine, the preferred one
- the engine can thus in the sense of the present invention both by a
- Piston engine as well as be realized by a turbine.
- heat engines can be used as a motor, provided they are able to implement the expansion work of the working medium in an exploitable outside the process, mechanical work. So could also be used a rotary engine.
- the steam expansion motor with linearly moving pistons is particularly preferred according to the invention, since the wet behavior of the working medium makes it possible to dispense with a recuperator, thereby making the implementation of the ORC process particularly cost-effective.
- the mechanical work delivered by the engine can be used directly mechanically or converted into electricity by means of a generator.
- a pump between the condenser and the evaporator is arranged, with which the fluid working fluid from the condenser to the evaporator is conveyed.
- recuperator heat exchanger
- the removal rate of the working medium compared to unalloyed steel at 150 ° C is less than 0.05 mm / a and / or the
- Removal rate of the working medium compared to alloyed steel (1 .4571) at 150 ° C is less than 0.005 mm / a.
- the working medium in the temperature range between 70 ° C and 200 ° C with temporal temperature changes no endothermic or exothermic reactions or phase transitions of the first or second order preferably also not at ten times repetition of a temperature-time profile between 70 ° C and 200 ° C.
- Temperature (Tc) between 450 K and 650 K, preferably between 460 K and 600 K and with a molecular weight between 50 g / mol and 80 g / mol, preferably between 60 g / mol and 75 g / mol, in a heat engine, wherein the gaseous working medium is partially condensed out during an adiabatic expansion within one cycle of the ORC process.
- alkyl formates or cyclopentene or mixtures thereof as the working medium in a heat engine. It can be provided that are used as the alkyl formate methyl formate and / or ethyl formate, preferably methyl formate or ethyl formate are used as the working medium in the heat engine.
- the use of mixtures can be very advantageous for reducing the energy losses during the heat transfer, since the evaporation of the temperature does not keep the temperature constant.
- the heat engine is operated with an ORC process.
- ORC processes the substances and classes of substances involved are particularly well suited.
- a heat engine a heat engine
- Expansion machine preferably a steam expansion engine with piston or at least one turbine is used as a motor.
- the heat engine is operated with a heat source in a low temperature range between 80 ° C and 200 ° C, preferably between 80 ° C and 150 ° C.
- the intended for use working media are for the
- ORC process in a heat engine with the use of low-temperature exhaust gas streams can be used for power generation, without causing other adverse effects.
- Ah L v is the enthalpy of vaporization at constant volume
- c p the
- Tp r0Z ess the process temperature, T the temperature and S the entropy.
- Heat engine (such as the piston expansion machine of DeVeTec GmbH) is mainly that so-called “wet” working fluids are used, which can be relaxed in the wet steam area
- Figure 1 a simplified schematic representation of an ORC process
- FIG. 2 shows an ideal-typical mapping of the state changes for wet, dry and isentropic fluids in the ORC process in the temperature-entropy diagram
- Figure 3 is a schematic representation of a structure for determining the vapor pressure of suitable working media
- Figure 5 a vapor pressure-time diagram for determining the thermal stability of 1-propanol at 195 ° C to 180 ° C;
- Figure 6 a vapor pressure-time diagram of methyl formate at 150 ° C
- Figure 7 a vapor pressure-time diagram of ethyl formate at 150 ° C.
- FIG. 8 shows cyclically recorded differential thermal analysis diagrams
- FIG. 1 shows, in a simplified schematic representation, an ORC process for implementing a method according to the invention or a method
- Thermodynamic cycle in which a working fluid is evaporated by the supply of heat at a high pressure level and possibly overheated.
- the superheated steam is expanded in an engine (eg, turbine or piston engine) while cooling to a low pressure while doing work.
- the steam exiting the expander may still be overheated or even into the
- Liquid is present.
- the complete liquefaction takes place in the condenser.
- the power-generating cycle is operated instead of water with an organic working fluid, which can use the heat generated at a low temperature level thermodynamically efficient.
- the central variable is the vapor pressure of the components, which initially enables general classification for the low or high temperature range. efficient
- Working fluids allow, at a given temperature of heat source and
- FIG. 2 shows the course of the process in the T-S diagram for different fluid types with the simplification that the fluids are isentropically expanded.
- the working fluids can be divided into wet (dew line with a negative slope), dry (dew line with a positive slope) and isentropic (vertical tau line) working fluids after the course of the saturation and tau line.
- wet fluids are advantageous as ORC media and therefore preferred because they make a recuperator (heat exchanger) dispensable.
- recuperator heat exchanger
- Working media a wet or isentropic behavior preferred to dispense with the use of a recuperator can.
- a medium is called a wet fluid
- the degree of freedom thus results in the maximum temperature in the evaporator.
- the simulations were carried out for different temperatures: 100 ° C, 150 ° C, 200 ° C and 250 ° C.
- the calculated thermal efficiency of the process was evaluated for the different conditions. The efficiency is generally defined as:
- Ethanol was defined as the reference medium.
- the particularly suitable working media found in the context of the present invention were compared for different temperatures with the working medium ethanol. Generally, it should be noted that the choice of working fluid depends on the available heat source. Depending on the evaporator temperature, some are suitable
- the vapor pressure is the pressure that occurs when, in a closed system, a vapor with the associated liquid phase is in thermodynamic equilibrium. The vapor pressure increases with increasing temperature and depends on the substance or mixture present. If, in an open system, the vapor pressure of a liquid is equal to the ambient pressure, the liquid begins to boil.
- Vapor pressure is one of the key material properties for the design and operation of an ORC system. Because of those defined for the steam engine
- Operating conditions should be the vapor pressure of a suitable liquid below 35 bar.
- the determination of the vapor pressure of the working media takes place in a closed and tempered high-pressure autoclave. The liquid is heated up and the pressure is measured at the set temperature. The more accurate the measurement of these two values, the better the data of the vapor pressure. In order to compare the literature values, calculations can be carried out with "Aspen Plus.” If the data deviate, then the vapor pressure measurements can be made.
- the specific heat capacity indicates which amount of heat must be supplied to one kilogram or one mole of a specific substance in order to increase its temperature by one Kelvin.
- thermo-technical components of an ORC system required.
- the experimental determination of the data is done in a calorimeter.
- the heat capacity is usually measured by means of DSC (English: Differential Scanning Calorimetry).
- Viscosity is a measure of the toughness of a fluid and has an impact on heat transfer and pump performance in an ORC system.
- water at 20 ° C has a viscosity of about 1 mPas
- edible oils have a viscosity of about 100 mPas and honey one of about 1000 mPas. The lower the viscosity, the better
- suitable ORC working media should have a low viscosity of less than 10 mPas at 20 ° C.
- the selected working media all have a fairly low viscosity, which is comparable to the viscosity of water (about 1 mPas at 20 ° C). In the interesting range for an ORC system from about 100 ° C, the viscosities of the preselected working media hardly differ from each other.
- thermodynamic cycle is the density of the liquid and gaseous phase of the working medium.
- the density of the working media is required for the design of the circulation pumps.
- the conversion from the volume flow to the mass flow takes place with the density of the substances.
- the enthalpy of evaporation is the amount of heat needed to transfer a liquid from the liquid to the gaseous state.
- thermodynamic cyclic process Given off condensation heat. Both quantities are of great importance for a thermodynamic cyclic process in which a liquid is constantly evaporated and recondensed.
- the evaporation enthalpy can be taken from the literature or, as already the heat capacity can be measured by calorimetric methods (eg by means of DSC).
- the vapor pressure is one of the most important physical properties of a working medium. For the design of an ORC system and the validation of the simulation data, an exact knowledge of the vapor pressure curve is required. For their experimental investigation, a plant was built, which has a precise
- Heating jacket For temperature control, the temperature in the individual autoclave and in the heating jacket was measured by means of precise Ni-Cr temperature sensors and compared with each other. To seal the autoclave special copper bark and a copper paste were used. The apparatus and lines were completely isolated to reduce heat loss and controllability. The integrated vacuum pump enables measurements in deep vacuum. The vacuum is particularly necessary when changing the fluids for cleaning purposes and to flush the measuring device with nitrogen to avoid ex-atmosphere. To record the readings, an automatic data acquisition with a sampling rate of one second was used for the entire duration of the test. A basic schematic structure of the measuring device is shown in FIG. 3.
- Validation purposes of the apparatus can be used. It was found that the deviation is below 1% of the absolute values, so that a suitable measuring method is available for the further investigations. Even in the high-pressure area, the measuring system was sufficiently validated with the data from water.
- the actual suitability as a working medium depends not only on the maximum achievable efficiency, but also essentially on the long-term stability of the materials in use.
- the z. B. can lead to the reduction of the vapor pressure or corrosion of the materials used in the thermal power plant.
- the working media were briefly claimed and examined for several criteria. From this four substances could be selected for further tests.
- extensive corrosion and material compatibility tests were carried out.
- endurance tests were carried out. Subsequently, the working media in a heat engine under realistic
- the following measuring principle was used: The working media were filled in an autoclave at room temperature, and rendered inert with nitrogen. Subsequently, the temperature of the medium was increased to a maximum operating temperature and maintained over a longer period. The vapor pressure of the fabric was first determined at room temperature and compared with literature values. Thereafter, a continuous determination of the Vapor pressure as a function of temperature and a permanent measurement at the maximum temperature. After completion of the experiment, the working medium was cooled and analyzed by means of a gas chromatographic measurement.
- Another method for determining the thermal stability is the dynamic Differenzkalo methe (English: DSC - Differential Scanning Calometry). This method was used to determine stability in multiple cycles.
- the temperature-time profile used for the DSC In a period of 0 - 20 minutes, the temperature is increased at a constant rate of heating and absorbed accordingly energy. In the range between 20 - 50 minutes, the temperature is kept constant. With a stable medium, no energy is absorbed or delivered. Between 50 - 70 minutes, the sample is cooled again, so that the temperature is reduced with appropriate energy decrease.
- the long-term thermal stability is for a proper function of a
- FIG. 5 shows the investigation of the thermal stability of 1-propanol at 195 ° C. and 180 ° C.
- the measured vapor pressure (upper curve) increases with time at the same temperature (lower curve) at different temperatures between 195 ° C and 180 ° C. This means that 1-propanol in these
- vapor pressure is below 180 ° C too low (less than 20 bar) to still be useful as a working medium in a heat engine can be used.
- methyl formate was stored at a temperature (upper curve) of about 150.degree.
- the vapor pressure (lower curve) remains constant, so that the fluid can be called stable at this temperature.
- the tested working media were stored at an operating temperature of 150 ° C in high pressure autoclave. To determine the thermal stability, all samples after the experiment were analyzed for their decomposition rate by means of a GC analysis. The results of this analysis were summarized in Table 3. The maximum decomposition of the working media methyl formate, ethyl formate and cyclopentene was about 2% and is therefore within a technically acceptable range. Table 3: Purity and degree of decomposition of the working media after a 2-week thermal load.
- Heat engines used materials The following materials were tested in the corrosion tests: unalloyed steel (P265GH) and alloyed steel (1 .4571), including one weld. The materials were used as sheet metal (90 mm x 10 mm x 6 mm). The specimens were weighed in a materials engineering laboratory and characterized by light microscopy. The experiment was then carried out in the vapor pressure measurement apparatus already described. After
- Methyl formate and cyclopentene showed similar curves.
- the upper curve again shows the temperature profile used for the DSC measurement.
- the lower sets of curves represent the measurement results of the DSC measurement. Therefore, there is sufficient long-term stability for all three working media.
- fluids are particularly well suited for use in the heat engine, when the critical pressure p c between 4000 kPa and 6500 kPa, in particular between 4200 kPa and 6300 kPa , more preferably between 4700 kPa and 6000 kPa, the fluids have a critical temperature (T c ) between 450 K and 650 K, preferably between 460 K and 600 K, more preferably between 475 K and 510 K, and the fluids have a molecular weight between 50 g / mol and 80 g / mol, preferably between 60 g / mol and 75 g / mol.
- T c critical temperature
- recuperator heat exchanger
- the working medium is called “wet” Working medium referred to when the gaseous working fluid partially condensed in an adiabatic expansion.
- the critical temperature (T c ) of methyl formate is 487 K, ethyl formate 508 K and cyclopentene 507 K.
- the critical pressure p c of methyl formate is 5998 kPa, that of ethyl formate is 4742 kPa and that of cyclopentene is 4820 kPa.
- the molecular weight of methyl formate is 60 g / mol, of ethyl formate at 68 g / mol and of cyclopentene at 74 g / mol. All these three
- the efficiency of the working media according to the invention in a heat engine is at an exhaust gas temperature
- Embodiments disclosed features of the invention may be essential both individually and in any combination for the realization of the invention in its various embodiments.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Engine Equipment That Uses Special Cycles (AREA)
Abstract
L'invention concerne une machine thermodynamique, servant à exécuter un cycle organique de Rankine (ORC), qui comprend un évaporateur, un moteur, un condenseur et un circuit contenant un fluide de travail liquide. Le fluide de travail possède une pression critique (pc) allant de 4000 à 6500 kPa, de préférence de 4200 à 6300 kPa, une température critique (Tc) allant de 450 à 650 K, de préférence de 460 à 600 K, une masse molaire allant de 50 à 80 g/mol, de préférence de 60 à 75 g/mol, et le fluide de travail gazeux est recondensé partiellement en présence d'une expansion adiabatique. L'invention concerne également l'utilisation d'un fluide de travail qui possède une pression critique (pc) allant de 4000 à 6500 kPa, de préférence de 4200 à 6300 kPa, une température critique (Tc) allant de 450 à 650 K, de préférence de 460 à 600 K, et une masse molaire allant de 50 à 80 g/mol, de préférence de 60 à 75 g/mol, dans une machine thermodynamique, le fluide de travail gazeux étant recondensé partiellement en présence d'une expansion adiabatique d'un cycle organique de Rankine (ORC).
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102013212805.3A DE102013212805A1 (de) | 2013-07-01 | 2013-07-01 | Verwendung von hoch effizienten Arbeitsmedien für Wärmekraftmaschinen |
PCT/EP2014/062516 WO2015000678A2 (fr) | 2013-07-01 | 2014-06-16 | Utilisation de fluides de travail à haut rendement pour des machines thermodynamiques |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP3017153A2 true EP3017153A2 (fr) | 2016-05-11 |
Family
ID=50972704
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14730880.3A Withdrawn EP3017153A2 (fr) | 2013-07-01 | 2014-06-16 | Utilisation de fluides de travail à haut rendement pour des machines thermodynamiques |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20160153318A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP3017153A2 (fr) |
CN (1) | CN105473827A (fr) |
CA (1) | CA2917085A1 (fr) |
DE (1) | DE102013212805A1 (fr) |
MX (1) | MX2015018034A (fr) |
RU (1) | RU2630949C2 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2015000678A2 (fr) |
Families Citing this family (9)
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---|---|---|---|---|
DE102012200907A1 (de) | 2012-01-23 | 2013-07-25 | Evonik Industries Ag | Verfahren und Absorptionsmedium zur Absorption von CO2 aus einer Gasmischung |
DE102015212749A1 (de) | 2015-07-08 | 2017-01-12 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zur Entfeuchtung von feuchten Gasgemischen |
DE102016210481B3 (de) | 2016-06-14 | 2017-06-08 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zum Reinigen einer ionischen Flüssigkeit |
DE102016210478A1 (de) | 2016-06-14 | 2017-12-14 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zur Entfeuchtung von feuchten Gasgemischen |
DE102016210484A1 (de) | 2016-06-14 | 2017-12-14 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren zur Entfeuchtung von feuchten Gasgemischen |
EP3257843A1 (fr) | 2016-06-14 | 2017-12-20 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Procédé pour préparer un sel tres pur d'imidazolium |
DE102016210483A1 (de) | 2016-06-14 | 2017-12-14 | Evonik Degussa Gmbh | Verfahren und Absorptionsmittel zur Entfeuchtung von feuchten Gasgemischen |
EP3257568B1 (fr) | 2016-06-14 | 2019-09-18 | Evonik Degussa GmbH | Procede de deshumidification de melanges gazeux humides par des liquides ioniques |
CN107542556B (zh) * | 2017-09-08 | 2023-05-09 | 天津大学 | 一种用于内燃机余热回收的自调整发电系统及其评价方法 |
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FR670497A (fr) * | 1928-06-19 | 1929-11-29 | Installation thermique pour véhicules, machines volantes, bateaux et autres embarcations marines | |
GB1491625A (en) * | 1974-03-18 | 1977-11-09 | Inoue Japax Res | Electric power generation |
JPS57191407A (en) * | 1981-05-20 | 1982-11-25 | Hitachi Ltd | Rankine cycle system |
US4489563A (en) * | 1982-08-06 | 1984-12-25 | Kalina Alexander Ifaevich | Generation of energy |
RU2122642C1 (ru) * | 1996-05-28 | 1998-11-27 | Акционерное общество открытого типа "Энергетический научно-исследовательский институт им.Г.М.Кржижановского" | Электростанция с комбинированным паросиловым циклом |
US6571548B1 (en) | 1998-12-31 | 2003-06-03 | Ormat Industries Ltd. | Waste heat recovery in an organic energy converter using an intermediate liquid cycle |
DE10008123A1 (de) * | 1999-02-22 | 2001-08-23 | Frank Eckert | Vorrichtung zur Energieumwandlung auf der Basis von thermischen ORC-Kreisprozessen |
US6960839B2 (en) | 2000-07-17 | 2005-11-01 | Ormat Technologies, Inc. | Method of and apparatus for producing power from a heat source |
US20050285078A1 (en) * | 2004-06-29 | 2005-12-29 | Minor Barbara H | Refrigerant compositions comprising functionalized organic compounds and uses thereof |
EP2021587B1 (fr) * | 2006-05-15 | 2017-05-03 | Granite Power Limited | Procédé et système de génération d'énergie à partir d'une source de chaleur |
CA2698334A1 (fr) * | 2007-10-12 | 2009-04-16 | Doty Scientific, Inc. | Cycle de rankine organique a double source haute temperature avec separations de gaz |
US20090139232A1 (en) * | 2007-12-03 | 2009-06-04 | Collis Matthew P | Ambient Temperature Energy Generating System |
DE102009020268B4 (de) * | 2009-05-07 | 2011-05-26 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren zur Erzeugung elektrischer Energie sowie Verwendung eines Arbeitsmittels |
DE102009024436B4 (de) | 2009-06-05 | 2013-05-08 | Devetec Gmbh | Wärmekraftmaschine |
FR2948679B1 (fr) * | 2009-07-28 | 2011-08-19 | Arkema France | Procede de transfert de chaleur |
CA2841429C (fr) * | 2010-08-26 | 2019-04-16 | Michael Joseph Timlin, Iii | Un cycle de puissance thermique condenseur binaire |
WO2012110987A1 (fr) * | 2011-02-19 | 2012-08-23 | Devendra Purohit | Dispositif de conversion d'énergie environnementale |
DE102011076157A1 (de) | 2011-05-20 | 2012-11-22 | Devetec Gmbh | Wärmekraftmaschine |
US9003797B2 (en) * | 2011-11-02 | 2015-04-14 | E L Du Pont De Nemours And Company | Use of compositions comprising 1,1,1,2,3-pentafluoropropane and optionally Z-1,1,1,4,4,4-hexafluoro-2-butene in power cycles |
US8783035B2 (en) * | 2011-11-15 | 2014-07-22 | Shell Oil Company | System and process for generation of electrical power |
-
2013
- 2013-07-01 DE DE102013212805.3A patent/DE102013212805A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-06-16 MX MX2015018034A patent/MX2015018034A/es unknown
- 2014-06-16 EP EP14730880.3A patent/EP3017153A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-06-16 RU RU2016103031A patent/RU2630949C2/ru not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2014-06-16 US US14/902,224 patent/US20160153318A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2014-06-16 CA CA2917085A patent/CA2917085A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 2014-06-16 CN CN201480048246.4A patent/CN105473827A/zh active Pending
- 2014-06-16 WO PCT/EP2014/062516 patent/WO2015000678A2/fr active Application Filing
Non-Patent Citations (1)
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Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2917085A1 (fr) | 2015-01-08 |
RU2630949C2 (ru) | 2017-09-14 |
RU2016103031A (ru) | 2017-08-07 |
CN105473827A (zh) | 2016-04-06 |
DE102013212805A1 (de) | 2015-01-08 |
US20160153318A1 (en) | 2016-06-02 |
WO2015000678A3 (fr) | 2015-05-28 |
MX2015018034A (es) | 2016-06-24 |
WO2015000678A2 (fr) | 2015-01-08 |
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