EP3014183B1 - Bougie de préchauffage et procédé pour la fabriquer - Google Patents

Bougie de préchauffage et procédé pour la fabriquer Download PDF

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Publication number
EP3014183B1
EP3014183B1 EP14728491.3A EP14728491A EP3014183B1 EP 3014183 B1 EP3014183 B1 EP 3014183B1 EP 14728491 A EP14728491 A EP 14728491A EP 3014183 B1 EP3014183 B1 EP 3014183B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrical resistance
glow plug
sheathed
temperature coefficient
negative temperature
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP14728491.3A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP3014183A1 (fr
Inventor
Albrecht Geissinger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Robert Bosch GmbH
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Robert Bosch GmbH
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Publication date
Application filed by Robert Bosch GmbH filed Critical Robert Bosch GmbH
Publication of EP3014183A1 publication Critical patent/EP3014183A1/fr
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Publication of EP3014183B1 publication Critical patent/EP3014183B1/fr
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23Q—IGNITION; EXTINGUISHING-DEVICES
    • F23Q7/00—Incandescent ignition; Igniters using electrically-produced heat, e.g. lighters for cigarettes; Electrically-heated glowing plugs
    • F23Q7/001—Glowing plugs for internal-combustion engines
    • F23Q2007/004—Manufacturing or assembling methods

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a glow plug or glow plug, and more particularly a metallic glow plug for arrangement in a chamber of an internal combustion engine, such as a pre-vortex or combustion chamber of an air-compressing, self-igniting diesel engine. Furthermore, the invention relates to a method for producing such a glow plug.
  • diesel engines are widely used, which have a higher efficiency compared to gasoline-fueled internal combustion engines.
  • diesel engines often require a cold start aid during the starting process, since in a cold start of a diesel engine problem-free self-ignition of the injected diesel fuel is usually not possible.
  • the combustion chamber is at a low temperature level and also has a high specific heat capacity, so that the heat of compression generated during the starting process of the diesel engine flows quickly into the engine block.
  • most auto-ignition internal combustion engines require glow support at a temperature of ⁇ 850 ° C. This is particularly essential for the low-compression self-igniting internal combustion engines of modern design, which generally have a worse cold-start or cold idle behavior. In these self-igniting internal combustion engines currently a continuous annealing temperature of ⁇ 850 ° is required.
  • different fuel qualities can decrease the ignitability of the compressed air / diesel mixture.
  • At least one electrically heatable glow plug also called GLP (from the English term “glow plug"), with a Saturation temperature of 950 to 1000 ° C, by means of which the diesel engine is preheated in the starting phase.
  • GLP electrically heatable glow plug
  • a heating element 9 of such a known metallic glow plug usually consists of a one-sided closed glow tube 91 made of a temperature-resistant alloy, such as an alloy with a nickel-based material or an alloy with temperature-resistant steel, wherein the combustion chamber side, closed Side of the glow tube 91 is welded to a heating coil 92, with which a control coil 93 is electrically connected in series.
  • a heating coil 92 is usually a metallic material with the highest possible specific electrical resistance used, which remains almost constant at a temperature change, such as FeCrAl or NiCr.
  • the control coil 93 consists of a metal or a metal alloy with a pronounced PTC (Positive Temperature Coefficient) effect, such as, for example, nickel (Ni) or iron cobalt (FeCo).
  • the control coil 93 is electrically connected to a connecting bolt 94 of the heating element 9, for example, a central electrode of the glow plug, on the example, a connector can be screwed.
  • the control coil 93 and the heating coil 92 are further embedded in an insulating powder 95 which has been compressed by reducing the outer diameter of the glow tube 91 after filling. This insulating powder, usually magnesium oxide, even at temperatures above 1400 ° C has a high electrical resistivity.
  • the glow tube 91 serves to mechanically protect the heating coil 92 and shields it from chemically aggressive media, such as atmospheric oxygen and nitrogen, fuel residues and combustion residues. In addition, the glow tube 91 transmits the heat energy released by the heating coil 92 into the combustion chamber. This arrangement ensures that the electrical resistance remains low at room temperature, but then increases with increasing temperature during operation. Such glow plugs are still widely used in glow starter engines or as a cold start aid when starting kerosene-powered gas turbines and oil heaters.
  • the font DE 10157466 A1 discloses a glow plug with the features of the preamble of claim 1 and a method for producing the glow plug with the features of the preamble of claim 8.
  • the glow plugs described above are in addition to a controller as part of so-called quick start systems for diesel engines state of the art. These are characterized by the fact that the operating voltage of the glow plugs used, so-called low-voltage glow plugs, 4 to 7 volts is below the available vehicle electrical system voltage. This operating voltage is referred to below as the nominal voltage.
  • the so-called "Pushen” short warm-up times and thus a fast starting readiness of the diesel engine can be realized even at low outside temperatures, even if the vehicle electrical system voltage should disadvantageously short-circuit to 7 V, for example, during the starting process.
  • the glow plug in which the electrical resistance is used as a temperature signal to control.
  • the glow plug is designed as a so-called Einwendelkerze.
  • This also known Einwendelkerze consists of a in FIG. 3 shown heating element 9 'from a one-sided closed glow tube 91', wherein the combustion chamber side, closed side of the glow tube 91 'with a PTC heating coil 92' is welded, without providing a control coil.
  • a metal having a positive temperature coefficient of electrical resistance is correspondingly used to achieve the PTC effect.
  • the heating coil 92 ' is similar to the heating coil 92 from FIG.
  • an electrically heatable glow plug with the features of claim 1 is proposed, preferably for the cold start aid of a self-igniting internal combustion engine, such as a diesel engine. Furthermore, according to the present invention, a method for producing such a glow plug is proposed.
  • Advantageous developments of the invention are characterized by the features of the dependent claims.
  • an electrically heatable glow plug comprises a heating element as a main component.
  • the heating element in turn has a closed glow tube, an electrically conductive heating coil, an electrically conductive connection bolt, which is electrically connected to the heating coil, and a filling material.
  • the heating coil and at least a portion of the connecting bolt are arranged in the glow tube, and the filler material is introduced into the glow tube, that this receives the heating coil and at least a portion of the connecting bolt or completely surrounds.
  • the glow tube may consist of a temperature-resistant metal alloy, for example, a nickel-based material or a temperature-resistant steel alloy.
  • the heating coil consists of at least one temperature-resistant material, preferably a high-temperature resistant material, with a high electrical resistance for comparable electrical conductors, but which is only slightly dependent on temperature, ie with a small temperature coefficient, and the filler consists at least partially of a material with a negative temperature coefficient of electrical resistance.
  • a structure of the heating coil of a combination of different high temperature resistant materials with high electrical resistivity is also conceivable, what but in turn can lead to increased manufacturing costs.
  • a glow plug designed in this way is a parallel connection of the heating coil resistance, which changes only slightly with temperature, with an NTC resistor in the form of the filling material. With such a combination of materials inside the glow tube, it is possible to achieve a rapid heating of the glow plug despite comparatively high cold resistance.
  • the material of the heating coil is a heat-resistant metal, which changes its resistance as a function of the temperature little or not, thus maintaining an approximately constant electrical resistivity over a wide temperature range, for example up to 1400 ° C.
  • a material may be an FeCrAl alloy, such as Kanthal, or a NiCr alloy.
  • the filling material may be present in the interior of the glow tube at least partially or completely as a powder. This facilitates filling of the filling material in the glow tube.
  • the material having a negative temperature coefficient of the electrical resistance from which the filling material at least partially exists is present as NTC powder.
  • NTC negative temperature coefficient
  • the filler material consists at least in part of such a material having a negative temperature coefficient of electrical resistance.
  • the filler material consists of a mixture of at least one material having a negative temperature coefficient of electrical resistance and an insulating material, wherein the insulating material may be an insulating sintered material, such as magnesium oxide. Due to the nature of the powder and mixtures of insulating powder and NTC powder also by the mixing ratio and the ratio of the particle size distributions of insulating powder and NTC powder, the resistance characteristic of the glow plug can be adjusted depending on the temperature in a wide range.
  • Such a mixture or a mixing ratio of a material with negative temperature coefficient of electrical resistance and an insulating material is inventively adjusted so that the filler has a specific electrical resistance which is low between 100 ° C and 400 ° C, which in low-temperature applications such Example in fuel heaters is preferable.
  • the mixing ratio and the material are adapted that the specific electrical resistance of the filling powder falls sharply between 800 and 1300 ° C, which is preferable in high-temperature applications.
  • the material having a negative temperature coefficient of electrical resistance is one of a modified carbon material, silicon carbide (SiC), doped silicon (Si), elemental silicon (Si), stabilized or partially stabilized oxide of titanium (Ti), partially stabilized oxide of iron (Fe), stabilized or partially stabilized oxide of cobalt (Co), stabilized or partially stabilized oxide of nickel (Ni), stabilized or partially stabilized oxide of copper (Cu), and stabilized or partially stabilized oxide of zirconium (Zr).
  • the negative temperature coefficient of electrical resistance material may be composed of a combination of a plurality of modified carbon material, silicon carbide (SiC), doped silicon (Si), elemental silicon (Si), stabilized or partially stabilized titanium (Ti ), stabilized or partially stabilized oxide of iron (Fe), stabilized or partially stabilized oxide of cobalt (Co), stabilized or partially stabilized oxide of nickel (Ni), stabilized or partially stabilized oxide of copper (Cu), and stabilized or partially stabilized oxide of zirconium (Zr) exist.
  • the material with negative temperature coefficient of electrical resistance must be chosen so that it does not react with other heating element components at the appropriate operating temperature, as this may undesirably change the resistance characteristic of the heating element over the temperature in the course of operation.
  • a method for producing a previously described electrically heatable glow plug comprises filling the glow tube of the heating element of the glow plug at least partially with a material having a negative temperature coefficient of electrical resistance.
  • the steps of manufacturing the individual components, attaching the heating coil in thermal and electrical contact with the glow tube, electrically connecting the connection bolt to the heating coil, and arranging the heating coil and at least a portion of the connecting bolt in the glow tube are already known and therefore assumed ,
  • a glow plug according to the invention has the advantage that the heating coil of the glow plug is made of at least one heating conductor material or a combination of a plurality of heating conductor materials with a nearly constant temperature coefficient. becomes. As a result, a rapid heating of the glow plug despite relatively high cold resistance is possible. Compared with the known glow plug with a combination of heating coil and control coil the glow plug has the advantage that the entire introduced electrical power is converted into heat where it is needed. In addition, the glow plug is able to deliver a temperature signal from a certain limit temperature that by detecting and
  • This effect can also be used in fuel heaters in which the melting of the heated fuel reservoir due to overheating of the fuel heater must be prevented safely and independently of the control unit.
  • a (fuse) fuse must be connected in series.
  • FIG. 12 is a schematic block diagram view of a preferred embodiment of a glow plug of the present invention.
  • the glow plug according to the invention consists of a heating element 1, an optional fuse 2 and a glow time control unit 3 for controlling a voltage to be applied to the glow plug.
  • a connection of the optional fuse 2 is in FIG. 1 shown by a dashed line 4, wherein the fuse 2 is connected in series between the heating element 1 and the Glühzeit Kunststoff Collaboration 3.
  • the glow time control device 3 is electrically connected to a conduit g directly to a glow tube 11 of the heating element 1. In the event that the fuse 2 is not switched on, the heating element 1 is directly via a line 6 with the Glühzeit Kunststoff 3 in electrical connection.
  • the fuse 2 can serve as an additional measure to prevent unwanted melting of the heating element 1 independently of Glühzeit Kunststoff réelle 3 and thus safely prevent engine damage, since with increasing temperature and the required power increases.
  • the Glühzeit tenu réelle 3 serves to control the glow plug, for example, by pulse width modulation from the on-board voltage of a motor vehicle with a voltage above their operating voltage to achieve a shorter heating time at low-voltage glow plugs, for example, within 3s heating time to 1000 ° C heating temperature, and depending on GLP Resistance to regulate the temperature.
  • the heating element 1 further consists of a heating coil 12 which is connected to an inner side of a closed end 111 of the glow tube 11 with this in electrical connection.
  • a terminal bolt 14 is connected in series with the heating coil 12 and is partially disposed within the glow tube 11.
  • the connection bolt 14 is furthermore, depending on the optional connection of the fuse 2, electrically connected via the fuse 2 or directly to the glow time control unit 3.
  • the heating coil 12 is made of a FeCrAl alloy in the preferred embodiment described here.
  • the interior of the glow tube 11 is filled with a filling material 15, which is the Heating coil 12 and arranged in the interior of the glow tube 11 part of the connecting bolt 14 surrounds.
  • the filler material 15 in the preferred embodiment described here is made entirely of a silicon carbide NTC powder, but may also be present in a powder mixture.
  • the heating coil 12 When using the glow plug according to the embodiment described here, when a voltage is applied by the Glühzeit Kunststoff réelle 3 to the heating element 1, the heating coil 12 is excited to glow. The resulting heating of the heating element 1, in turn, increases the electrical resistance, that is to say the current conductivity of the NTC filling material 15 and thus of the entire heating element 1. This change in electrical resistance, so the increased power line to the heating coil 12 can be detected by the Glühzeit Kunststoff réelle 3 and evaluated as a temperature signal, the Glühzeit Kunststoff 3 based on this temperature signal regulate the temperature of the heating element or at a critical temperature for the heating element can also interrupt completely in order to prevent damage to the heating element 1, for example by melting. As a further safety precaution, the fuse 2 can additionally be connected.
  • a heating element constructed in this way, in addition to a glow plug other applications are conceivable, such as a fuel heater such as an ethanol heater in a Flex-start system, or any form of electric tubular heater in which an uninsulated heating resistor is embedded in a powder pack ,

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)

Claims (8)

  1. Bougie d'allumage chauffée électriquement, présentant un élément chauffant (1) doté des éléments suivants :
    un tube incandescent fermé (11),
    un filament chauffant (12) électriquement conducteur,
    un goujon électriquement conducteur de raccordement (14) raccordé électriquement au filament de chauffage (12) et
    un matériau de charge (15) prévu dans le tube incandescent (11) et reprenant le filament de chauffage (12) et au moins une partie du goujon de raccordement (14),
    le filament de chauffage (12) étant constitué d'au moins un matériau réfractaire doté d'une résistance électrique élevée pour le conducteur électrique mais dépendant peu de la température et
    le matériau de charge (15) étant constitué au moins en partie d'un matériau dont la résistance électrique présente un coefficient de température négatif,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le matériau de charge (15) est constitué d'un mélange d'au moins un matériau dont la résistance électrique présente un coefficient de température négatif et un matériau isolant, en particulier l'oxyde de magnésium, le mélange étant adapté pour présenter une résistance électrique spécifique à basse valeur ohmique entre 100°C et 400°C ou une résistance électrique spécifique qui diminue fortement entre 800°C et 1 300°C.
  2. Bougie d'allumage selon la revendication 1, dans laquelle le matériau du filament de chauffage (12) est un métal réfractaire dont la valeur de la résistance varie peu ou ne varie pas en fonction de la température, et de préférence un alliage de FeCrAl ou un alliage de NiCr.
  3. Bougie d'allumage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le matériau de charge (15) présente au moins la forme d'une poudre.
  4. Bougie d'allumage selon la revendication 3, dans laquelle le matériau dont la résistance électrique a un coefficient de température négatif présente la forme d'une poudre NTC.
  5. Bougie d'allumage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le matériau de charge (15) est entièrement constitué d'un matériau dont la résistance électrique a un coefficient de température négatif.
  6. Bougie d'allumage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le matériau dont la résistance électrique a un coefficient de température négatif est un des matériaux suivants ou une combinaison de plusieurs des matériaux suivants :
    un matériau de carbone modifié,
    le carbure de silicium,
    un silicium dopé,
    du silicium élémentaire,
    l'oxyde de titane,
    l'oxyde de fer,
    l'oxyde de cobalt,
    l'oxyde de nickel,
    l'oxyde de cuivre ou
    un oxyde de zirconium stabilisé ou partiellement stabilisé.
  7. Bougie d'allumage selon l'une des revendications précédentes, dans laquelle le tube incandescent (11) est constitué d'un alliage métallique réfractaire, de préférence un matériau à base de nickel ou un alliage d'acier réfractaire.
  8. Procédé de fabrication d'une bougie d'allumage chauffée électriquement, en particulier selon l'une des revendications précédentes, le tube incandescent (11) étant rempli au moins en partie d'un matériau dont la résistance électrique a un coefficient de température négatif,
    caractérisé en ce que
    le matériau de charge (15) est constitué d'un mélange d'au moins un matériau dont la résistance électrique présente un coefficient de température négatif et un matériau isolant, en particulier l'oxyde de magnésium, le mélange étant adapté pour présenter une résistance électrique spécifique à basse valeur ohmique entre 100°C et 400°C ou une résistance électrique spécifique qui diminue fortement entre 800°C et 1 300°C.
EP14728491.3A 2013-06-26 2014-05-27 Bougie de préchauffage et procédé pour la fabriquer Not-in-force EP3014183B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013212275 2013-06-26
DE201310214558 DE102013214558A1 (de) 2013-06-26 2013-07-25 Glühstiftkerze und Verfahren zu deren Herstellung
PCT/EP2014/060890 WO2014206671A1 (fr) 2013-06-26 2014-05-27 Bougie de préchauffage et procédé pour la fabriquer

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP3014183A1 EP3014183A1 (fr) 2016-05-04
EP3014183B1 true EP3014183B1 (fr) 2018-03-07

Family

ID=52017418

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP14728491.3A Not-in-force EP3014183B1 (fr) 2013-06-26 2014-05-27 Bougie de préchauffage et procédé pour la fabriquer

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP3014183B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN105308391B (fr)
DE (1) DE102013214558A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014206671A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN106677951A (zh) * 2015-11-06 2017-05-17 北汽福田汽车股份有限公司 预热塞、发动机及汽车
DE102018211950A1 (de) 2018-07-18 2020-01-23 Robert Bosch Gmbh Elektrische Heizeinrichtung
CN114855100B (zh) * 2022-05-11 2023-04-25 烟台卓越新能源科技股份有限公司 一种电热丝预处理方法及连续预处理装置

Family Cites Families (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP2003051371A (ja) * 2001-05-28 2003-02-21 Ngk Spark Plug Co Ltd ヒータ及びグロープラグ
DE10157466A1 (de) * 2001-10-23 2003-04-30 Bosch Gmbh Robert Elektrisch beheizbare Glühkerze und Verfahren zur Herstellung einer elektrisch beheizbaren Glühkerze
DE102008015598A1 (de) * 2008-03-26 2009-10-01 Robert Bosch Gmbh Glühstiftkerze
DE102009046458A1 (de) * 2009-11-06 2011-05-12 Robert Bosch Gmbh Dotierung des Füllpulvers für Metall-Glühstiftkerze

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN105308391B (zh) 2017-11-24
EP3014183A1 (fr) 2016-05-04
WO2014206671A1 (fr) 2014-12-31
CN105308391A (zh) 2016-02-03
DE102013214558A1 (de) 2014-12-31

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