EP3004548B1 - Reciprocating piston internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a reciprocating internal combustion engine with the features of the preamble of patent claim 1.

The technical environment, for example, referred to the world-famous Harley Davidson V2 internal combustion engines with their typical "2-cylinder sound" for Harley Davidson motorcycles.

A further development of these world-famous V2-reciprocating internal combustion engines took place by Jim Feulings so-called "project W3". In this project, in which, as in a V2 internal combustion engine, the two cylinders are arranged in a V-shape one behind the other and the connecting rods act on a common crankpin of the crankshaft, however, in Feuling's construction there are three cylinders which are reminiscent of a "W" , Hence the name "W3". Feuling designed a new crankcase with a third cylinder and cylinder head mounted 45 ° into the V. The three cylinders together span a single plane. This was made possible by the use of a main connecting rod and two auxiliary connecting rods, which share a common crankshaft crankpin. This is a construction which still applies to aircraft reciprocating internal combustion engines with radial cylinder arrangement (radial engines). Feuling's world-famous exception construction is the US Design patent USD 449,620 S and the US patent US 417,674 protected.

A disadvantage of Feuling W3 construction is the large cylinder angle, which requires a relatively large amount of space.

Another way to represent a three-cylinder reciprocating internal combustion engine describes the German Offenlegungsschrift DE 10 2008 020 423 A1 , From this publication, a reciprocating internal combustion engine with three cylinders in V-arrangement, in particular for use in a motorcycle, known. The reciprocating internal combustion engine comprises a crankshaft and an outer, a second outer and a middle cylinder. Each cylinder is associated with a piston and a connecting rod, wherein the outer cylinder lie in a common, passing through the crankshaft axis plane and the central cylinder is in a tilted to this, also passing through the crankshaft axis second plane. The three-cylinder reciprocating internal combustion engine is characterized in that the crankshaft has two crank pins and the connecting rods of the first outer cylinder and the middle cylinder act together on the first crank pin and engages the connecting rod of the second outer cylinder on the second crank pin.

A disadvantage of the DE 10 2008 020 423 A1 known three-cylinder reciprocating internal combustion engine is the relatively large width, which adversely affects especially when used for a motorcycle.

Anzani demonstrated with his fan-reciprocating internal combustion engine for aircraft from 1909 another possibility to represent a three-cylinder reciprocating internal combustion engine. With this fan-reciprocating internal combustion engine, the Frenchman Blériot with his Blériot IX was the first Already in 1909 the English Channel flown over from France to England. The reciprocating internal combustion engine had for its time proud 25 hp and turned scarce 1,200 1 / min. This aircraft contributed significantly to the development of the later common aircraft form, the monoplane, in which in the direction of flight from front to rear of the engine, the wings and at the rear followed a tail. A foot-operated rudder and an additional joystick for operating the elevator already corresponded to today's usual control of aircraft. With about 800 copies it was the most-built aircraft before 1914. In the construction of Anzani all three cylinders were in a plane, similar to the construction of Feuling, the outer cylinder an angle> 90 °.

A disadvantage of this construction is again the relatively large cylinder angle, which requires a lot of space.

Another way to represent a fan machine is described in the Internet dictionary "Wikipedia", the free encyclopedia. There it is stated that the fan machine is a piston engine in which the engines (engine: piston, connecting rod, Kurbelwellenkröpfung) are evenly distributed over half the circumference, analogous to the star machine, where they are distributed over the entire circumference. Common are up to five-cylinder small compressor in which the connecting rods are arranged side by side on a single crankshaft journal. There is talk here of machines instead of engines, as there can be (combustion) engines, compressors, pumps and steam engines in this arrangement. However, even in these embodiments, the pistons or cylinders, also as in Feuling's design, span a single plane.

A disadvantage of this known embodiment is the relatively wide design, which is not suitable in particular for single-track vehicles such as motorcycles.

From the EP 0 999 356 A2 , from which the present invention proceeds, a reciprocating internal combustion engine is known, comprising at least a first, a second and a third cylinder and a crank mechanism with a rotatably mounted in a crankcase crankshaft with a first, a second and a third crank pin, wherein the first crank pin is associated with a first piston with a first piston for the first cylinder, the second crank pin, a second connecting rod with a second piston for the second cylinder and the third crank pin, a third connecting rod with a third piston for the third cylinder, wherein the Hubzapfen are arranged in an axial alignment of the crankshaft one behind the other, wherein the cylinders are arranged in a fan shape.

A disadvantage of this embodiment is relatively "monotonous" sound of the internal combustion engine.

Object of the present invention is to present a W3 reciprocating internal combustion engine, the cylinder angle largely free are dimensioned to obtain a compact design as possible and to generate a different sound on the firing order.

This object is achieved by the feature in the characterizing part of patent claim 1.

The inventive design of the reciprocating internal combustion engine, a not yet known type of W3 reciprocating internal combustion engine is shown, the cylinder angle are largely freely dimensioned. By "fan-shaped" is meant that each cylinder lies in a plane which is parallel to the other planes formed by the other cylinders. The invention thus allows compared to other radial engines a narrower cylinder angle with existing cylinder offset. The minimum cylinder angle depends on the cylinder offset, the distance of the crank pins on the crankshaft. In addition, the invention allows due to the possible cylinder angle to implant a W3 motor almost in the space of a V2 engine, the width increases in non-critical context. Accordingly, for a 4-cylinder internal combustion engine, the cylinder angle of a W4 is only slightly larger than in a V4. Likewise, with such an internal combustion engine according to the invention the sound of a V2 internal combustion engine can be reproduced, which can even be designed something "fresher". The cylinder angle α is between 20 ° and 90 ° crankshaft between adjacent cylinders, wherein the at least two cylinder angle α have unequal angular dimensions. As a result, even more design options are possible, in particular, the firing order can be positively influenced, so that a different sound can be generated.

Advantageous developments of the invention are set forth in the subclaims.

With the embodiment according to claim 2, a particularly good rigidity of the crankshaft is achieved.

The embodiment according to claim 3 influenced in an advantageous manner, the running properties and the quietness (NVH = noise, vibration, harshness) of the reciprocating internal combustion engine according to the invention.

Particularly preferably, the reciprocating internal combustion engine according to the invention according to claim 4 is used for a single-track vehicle and is preferably installed transversely to a direction of travel of Einspurfahrzeuges according to claim 5.

Fig. 1

zeigt eine Vorderansicht einer erfindungsgemäßen Hubkolben-Brennkraftmaschine.

Fig. 2

zeigt eine Aufsicht auf die erfindungsgemäße Hubkolben-Brennkraftmaschine.

Fig. 3

zeigt eine Seitenansicht der erfindungsgemäßen Hubkolben-Brennkraftmaschine.

Fig. 4

zeigt eine Vorderansicht eines Einspurfahrzeuges mit einer erfindungsgemäßen Hubkolben-Brennkraftmaschine.

The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment in four figures.

Fig. 1

shows a front view of a reciprocating internal combustion engine according to the invention.

Fig. 2

shows a plan view of the reciprocating internal combustion engine according to the invention.

Fig. 3

shows a side view of the reciprocating internal combustion engine according to the invention.

Fig. 4

shows a front view of a Einspurfahrzeuges with a reciprocating internal combustion engine according to the invention.

The following apply in the Fig. 1 to 4 for same components the same reference numbers.

Fig. 1 shows a front view of a reciprocating internal combustion engine according to the invention with at least a first, a second and a third cylinder 1, 2, 3. A crank mechanism 4 is shown without an enveloping Kurbeigehäuse, so that the crank mechanism is freely visible. The crank mechanism 4 consists of a crankshaft 5 rotatably mounted in the crankcase, not shown, with a first, a second and a third crank pin 6, 7, 8. Here, the first crank pin 6, a first connecting rod 9 with a first piston for the first cylinder. 1 , the second crank pin 7, a second connecting rod 11 associated with a second piston for the second cylinder 2 and the third crank pin 8, a third connecting rod 13 with a third piston for the third cylinder 3. Since the pistons are mounted in a liftable manner in the respective cylinders, they are covered by the cylinders 1, 2, 3. Three cylinder heads or Zylinderabdeckhauben assigned to the cylinders 1, 2, 3, under each of which a visible valve train is arranged, are not numbered.

As in Fig. 1 is clearly visible, the crank pins 6, 7, 8 arranged in an axial alignment of the crankshaft 5 in a row or next to each other. Because of this axial alignment of the crank pins 6, 7, 8, the cylinders 1, 2, 3 are arranged fan-shaped according to the invention, whereby different cylinder angles α, shown in FIG Fig. 3 , are constructive representable. For the output of the power generated by the reciprocating internal combustion engine is also an output 14, consisting inter alia of a gear, not shown, arranged on the crankshaft 5. By "fan-shaped" is meant that each cylinder lies in a plane which is parallel to the other planes formed by the other cylinders. An example of this are, for example, Japanese air fans.

For optimal rigidity of the crankshaft and the crankcase is further provided between the crank pins 6, 7, 8 each have a bearing point 12 for the crankshaft 5. In Fig. 1 only one deposit 12 is numbered. Also before and after the crank pins 6, 8, bearing points for the crankshaft can still be provided.

Fig. 2 shows a plan view of the reciprocating internal combustion engine according to the invention Fig. 1 , Clearly recognizable is also in Fig. 2 the fan-shaped arrangement of the cylinders 1, 2, 3rd

Fig. 3 shows a side view of the reciprocating internal combustion engine according to the invention. In Fig. 3 are two cylinder angle α drawn between the adjacent cylinders 1, 2 and 2, 3. In Figure 3 In addition, the unnumbered camshaft drives are also recognizable. The adjacent cylinders 1, 2 and 2, 3 form a cylinder angle α, which is preferably between 20 and 90 ° crank angle. Although not apparent from the illustration, the cylinder angle α between the cylinders 1, 2 and 2, 3 are different in size. As a result, the ignition sequence can be positively influenced, so that a different sound can be generated.

In a further preferred embodiment, one in the Fig. 1 to 4 not shown, can be provided by the crankshaft 5 driven, parallel to the crankshaft 5 aligned mass balance shaft. With this mass balance shaft, for example, first order, the smoothness of the reciprocating internal combustion engine can be positively influenced, ie the NVH behavior can be significantly improved.

Fig. 4 shows a front view of a Einspurfahrzeuges 13, in which the reciprocating internal combustion engine according to the invention is installed. Preferably, the crankshaft 5, as in Fig. 4 illustrated, transverse to a direction of Einspurfahrzeuges 13 einbaubar. The single-track vehicle is preferably a motorcycle or a moped.

The invention thus allows compared to other star-reciprocating internal combustion engines a narrower cylinder angle α with existing cylinder offset. The minimum cylinder angle α is dependent on the cylinder attachment, the distance of the crank pins 6, 7, 8 on the crankshaft. 5

In addition, the invention allows due to the possible cylinder angle α a W3 reciprocating internal combustion engine almost in the space of a V2-reciprocating internal combustion engine to implant. The width increases only in a non-critical framework.

Accordingly, the cylinder angle α of a W4 reciprocating internal combustion engine is only slightly larger than in a V4 reciprocating internal combustion engine.

Likewise, with such a reciprocating internal combustion engine, the sound of a V2 reciprocating internal combustion engine can be modeled, even something "fresher" are designed.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1.

first cylinder

Second

second cylinder

Third

third cylinder

4th

crankshaft

5th

crankshaft

5 '

crankshaft axis

6th

first crankpin

7th

second crankpin

8th.

third crankpin

9th

first connecting rod

10th

second connecting rod

11th

third connecting rod

12th

depository

13th

single track

14th

output

Claims (5)

1. A reciprocating piston internal combustion engine, comprising at least a first, a second and a third cylinder (1, 2, 3) and with a crankshaft drive (4) with a crankshaft (5), mounted rotatably in a crankcase with a first, a second and a third crank pin (6, 7, 8), wherein associated with the first crank pin (6) is a first connecting rod (9) with a first piston for the first cylinder (1), associated with the second crank pin (7) is a second connecting rod (11) with a second piston for the second cylinder (2) and associated with the third crank pin (8) is a third connecting rod (13) with a third piston for the third cylinder (3), wherein the crank pins (6, 7, 8) are arranged in tandem in an axial orientation of the crankshaft (5), wherein the cylinders (1, 2, 3) are arranged in the form of a fan,
   characterised in that the adjacent cylinders (1/2, 2/3) form a cylinder angle ( ) of between 20° and 90 ° crank angle, and the at least two cylinder angles ( ) are unequal.
2. A reciprocating piston internal combustion engine according to claim 1,
   characterised in that a respective bearing point (12) is provided for the crankshaft (5) between the crank pins (6, 7, 8).
3. A reciprocating piston internal combustion engine according to any of claims 1 or 2,
   characterised in that a mass balancing shaft which can be driven by the crankshaft (5) and is oriented parallel to the crankshaft (5) is provided.
4. A reciprocating piston internal combustion engine according to any of claims 1 to 3,
   characterised in that the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine is provided for a single-track vehicle (13).
5. A reciprocating piston internal combustion engine according to claim 4,
   characterised in that the crankshaft (5) of the reciprocating piston internal combustion engine can be installed transversely to a driving direction of the single-track vehicle (13).

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