EP2997240A1 - Abgasanlage für eine brennkraftmaschine und verfahren zum betreiben der abgasanlage - Google Patents
Abgasanlage für eine brennkraftmaschine und verfahren zum betreiben der abgasanlageInfo
- Publication number
- EP2997240A1 EP2997240A1 EP14719766.9A EP14719766A EP2997240A1 EP 2997240 A1 EP2997240 A1 EP 2997240A1 EP 14719766 A EP14719766 A EP 14719766A EP 2997240 A1 EP2997240 A1 EP 2997240A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust
- exhaust system
- obturator
- exhaust pipe
- reflection chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
- F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
- F01N1/083—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling using transversal baffles defining a tortuous path for the gases or successively throttling gas flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
- F01N1/02—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using resonance
- F01N1/023—Helmholtz resonators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
- F01N1/02—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using resonance
- F01N1/026—Annular resonance chambers arranged concentrically to an exhaust passage and communicating with it, e.g. via at least one opening in the exhaust passage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
- F01N1/16—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using movable parts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
- F01N1/16—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using movable parts
- F01N1/166—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using movable parts for changing gas flow path through the silencer or for adjusting the dimensions of a chamber or a pipe
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
- F01N1/16—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using movable parts
- F01N1/168—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using movable parts for controlling or modifying silencing characteristics only
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate silencers in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more silencers in parallel, e.g. having interconnections for multi-cylinder engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/36—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an exhaust flap
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
- F01N2470/02—Tubes being perforated
Definitions
- the invention relates to an exhaust system for an internal combustion engine with the features of the preamble of patent claim 1 and method for operating the exhaust system according to the features of the claims 8 to 10.
- an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine is known with a first cylinder group of the Brenrikraftmaschine associated first exhaust system and with a second cylinder group of the internal combustion engine associated second exhaust system.
- Each exhaust gas line has in each case an exhaust gas purification device and a first exhaust silencer arranged downstream of the respective exhaust gas purification device, as well as a second silencer downstream of the respective first silencer and an exhaust gas end pipe arranged downstream of the respective second silencer.
- a disadvantage of this known prior art is the fact that the damping resonator of the muffler is not variably adjustable in terms of sound.
- Flaps are usually only partially separated or shifted in time, this leads to a significant increase in exhaust gas back pressure in an exhaust line.
- Object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages mentioned above and at the same time introduce a variability in the acoustic damping properties of the silencer system.
- the inventive design of the exhaust system has a structure advantageous with respect to the exhaust backpressure. Due to the construction according to the invention, one or both shut-off valves can also be closed at the same time without a substantial increase in the exhaust backpressure. Compared with conventional exhaust systems exists with open shut-off devices, such. As exhaust valves, a minimum or hardly measurable throttling (increase in the exhaust backpressure), since the entire Abgasroh r and damping tube volume is used to the end of the exhaust system. By a slightly different structure, the shut-off valves can also be shifted in time to improve a subjective hearing impression during the switching phases.
- the staggered switching of the two shut-off devices can be reduced to conspicuous, acoustic level jumps in an advantageous manner.
- the very low exhaust back pressure of the exhaust system due to the inventive design has a very positive effect.
- the volumes of the first silencer and the second silencer can also be subsequently changed.
- one or more possibly necessary resonators can be easily integrated in the exhaust system while maintaining the symmetry in a simple manner. Due to the symmetrical design of the Abgasaniage this and beyond the muffler itself can be very cheap.
- the silencer housing can be implemented, for example, as a cost-effective coil damper or shell construction.
- the two side parts can be designed as a common part.
- the upper and lower shell can each be made of identical parts.
- the exhaust pipes can also be manufactured and installed as the same components.
- the Y-branch elements of the exhaust pipes to the damping tubes can be implemented, for example, as hydroforming (IHU).
- the damping tubes with perforation, which are guided through the silencer, are also implemented as equal parts. The same applies to the damping pipe from the Y pipe section to the reflection chamber.
- the pre-assembly of the Y- Branching elements and the shut-off devices for both sides of the exhaust system can be used the identical mounting device.
- Fig. 1 shows schematically an exhaust system according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 shows the exhaust system according to the invention with two closed shut-off devices.
- Fig. 3 shows the exhaust system according to the invention with two open
- Fig. 4 shows the exhaust system according to the invention with a closed and an open obturator.
- Fig. 1 shows an end portion of an exhaust system 1 according to the invention for an internal combustion engine, not shown, with at least a first and a second cylinder, also not shown.
- the first and the second cylinder are representative of cylinder groups of the internal combustion engine.
- the cylinders 1 to 3 of the cylinder group 1 and the cylinders 4 to 6 correspond to the cylinder group 2.
- the first cylinder is a first exhaust pipe 2 and the second cylinder is associated with a second exhaust pipe 3.
- the first exhaust pipe 2, a first muffler 4 and the second exhaust pipe 3, a second muffler 5 is assigned.
- a first damping pipe 2 branches off from the first exhaust pipe 2 upstream of a first shut-off element 6. This first flows into a first reflection chamber 7 and is then passed through the first muffler 4 and opens again into the second exhaust pipe 3 downstream of a second obturator 8.
- branches from the second exhaust pipe 3 upstream of a second obturator 8 a second Damping tube 3 'from which first opens into a second reflection chamber 9 and then passed through the second muffler 5 and opens into the first exhaust pipe 2 downstream of the first obturator 6.
- Flow directions of the exhaust gases which are represented by arrows are shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 can be removed.
- the first damping tube 2 'and the second damping tube 3' in the volume of the first muffler 4 and in the region of the second muffler 5 on a perforation, for emitting sound emissions in the muffler 4, 5 for frequency-selective Attenuation of the sound pressure level.
- the damping effect is shown symbolically in FIGS. 2 to 4 by dashed lines in the region of the perforation.
- the first and the second obturator 6, 8 is an exhaust valve, in other embodiments, it may for example be rollers.
- a reflection chamber 10, 11 omitted.
- the first exhaust pipe 2 is connected via a perforation 12 exhaust gas leading to the third reflection chamber 10 and / or the second exhaust pipe 3 via a perforation 12 exhaust gas connected to the fourth Refiexions hamper 11.
- the first and the third reflection chamber 7, 10 and / or the second and the fourth Refiexions hamper 9, 11 may be connected to each other exhaust-conducting, for example by a further perforation.
- a further acoustic optimization is possible.
- the first and the second muffler 4, 5 are arranged in a common housing 13, whereby manufacturing costs are saved.
- the first and the second reflection chamber 7, 9 are arranged in the housing 13. The greatest cost saving is achieved if even the third and the fourth reflection chamber 10, 11 are arranged in the housing 13.
- first and second reflection chambers 7, 9 can also be designed as resonator chambers.
- the third and the fourth reflection chamber 10, 11 may be designed as absorption chambers.
- the particular embodiment of a reflection chamber, a resonator chamber, or absorption chamber will not be described in detail, since this is sufficiently defined in standard textbooks.
- the Y-branch pipes transition region from the exhaust pipe to the damping pipe
- the damping pipes 2 ', 3', the shut-off elements 6, 8, the tail pipe branches, the reflection chambers 7, 9, 10, 11, the mufflers 4, 5 and the exhaust pipes 2, 3 are designed as equal parts.
- the muffler 4, 5, the reflection chambers 7, 9, 10, 11 accommodate cost in a single common housing 13.
- Also for the production can be 1 assembly tools save due to the common parts for the exhaust system. This also leads to a significant reduction in tooling costs.
- FIG. 2 shows the exhaust system 1 according to the invention with a setting for a first operating method, the first and the second shut-off elements 6, 8 being closed. By this setting, a maximum sound attenuation for the exhaust system 1 is achieved.
- Fig. 3 shows the exhaust system 1 according to the invention with a setting for a second operating method, wherein the first and the second obturator 6, 8 are opened.
- Fig. 4 shows the exhaust system 1 according to the invention with a setting for a third operating method, wherein the first obturator 6 is closed and the second obturator 8 is opened. By this setting, an average sound attenuation for the exhaust system 1 is achieved.
- the exhaust system 1 according to the invention has a construction which is very advantageous with regard to the exhaust backpressure.
- one or both shut-off elements 6, 8 can also be closed at the same time without a substantial increase in the exhaust backpressure.
- a minimum or hardly measurable throttling increase in the exhaust backpressure
- the shut-off devices 6, 8 can also be switched over in time to improve a subjective hearing impression during the switching phase.
- staggered switching of the two shut-off valves 6, 8 can be reduced to conspicuous acoustic level jumps in an advantageous manner.
- the very low exhaust backpressure of the exhaust system 1 due to the embodiment according to the invention has a very positive effect.
- the volumes of the first muffler 4 and the second muffler 5 can also be subsequently changed.
- one or more possibly necessary resonator chambers 10, 11, which are also designed as reflection chambers, can be integrated in the exhaust system 1 in a simple manner without great expense, while maintaining the symmetry.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102013208946.5A DE102013208946A1 (de) | 2013-05-15 | 2013-05-15 | Abgasanlage für eine Brennkraftmaschine und Verfahren zum Betreiben der Abgasanlage |
PCT/EP2014/058543 WO2014183978A1 (de) | 2013-05-15 | 2014-04-28 | Abgasanlage für eine brennkraftmaschine und verfahren zum betreiben der abgasanlage |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2997240A1 true EP2997240A1 (de) | 2016-03-23 |
EP2997240B1 EP2997240B1 (de) | 2017-06-07 |
Family
ID=50588708
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14719766.9A Active EP2997240B1 (de) | 2013-05-15 | 2014-04-28 | Abgasanlage für eine brennkraftmaschine und verfahren zum betreiben der abgasanlage |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US9605580B2 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2997240B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN105121796B (de) |
DE (1) | DE102013208946A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2014183978A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013210464A1 (de) * | 2013-06-05 | 2014-12-11 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Abgasanlage für eine Brennkraftmaschine und Verfahren zum Betreiben der Abgasanlage |
DE102014118633A1 (de) * | 2014-12-15 | 2016-06-16 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Abgasanlage eines Kraftfahrzeugs und Kraftfahrzeug |
DE102015211460A1 (de) | 2015-06-22 | 2016-12-22 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Abgasanlage |
SI3118429T1 (sl) * | 2015-07-16 | 2019-03-29 | Akrapovic D.D. | Izpušni sistem za avtomobilski motor z notranjim zgorevanjem |
CN105626220A (zh) * | 2016-01-30 | 2016-06-01 | 太仓丹妮尔模塑汽配有限公司 | 一种具有超强消音功能的汽车排气管 |
DE102016106340A1 (de) | 2016-04-07 | 2017-10-12 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Abgasanlage für ein Kraftfahrzeug und Kraftfahrzeug |
JP6816610B2 (ja) * | 2017-03-30 | 2021-01-20 | 三菱電機株式会社 | 発電設備 |
DE102017206642A1 (de) | 2017-04-20 | 2018-10-25 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Abgasklappe für eine Abgasanlage eines Kraftfahrzeugs, Steuergerät für eine solche Abgasklappe, sowie Verfahren zum Betreiben einer solchen Abgasklappe |
US10837333B2 (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2020-11-17 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Exhaust system having tunable exhaust sound |
US10596898B2 (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2020-03-24 | Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. | Muffler assembly including a center muffler and two satellite mufflers |
US10584626B2 (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2020-03-10 | Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. | Muffler assembly including a center muffler and two satellite mufflers |
CN108506072A (zh) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-09-07 | 上海天纳克排气系统有限公司 | 双尾桥式消声器 |
US10767543B2 (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2020-09-08 | Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. | Reduced length exhaust system with valve |
US11326501B2 (en) * | 2018-10-27 | 2022-05-10 | David Akiba Borla | Cross-pipe exhaust system |
US11746688B1 (en) | 2018-10-27 | 2023-09-05 | David Akiba Borla | Cross-pipe exhaust assembly |
US11649750B2 (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2023-05-16 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems for an exhaust muffler system |
US11661882B1 (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2023-05-30 | Normand A. St. Pierre | Modified exhaust system with oxygen sensor |
US11713700B2 (en) | 2020-07-24 | 2023-08-01 | Mike's Pipes, Inc. | Method and apparatus for converting a vehicle from a dual-in, single-out exhaust system to a dual-in, dual-out exhaust system |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5144799A (en) * | 1991-07-18 | 1992-09-08 | Barth Randolph S | Crossfire calibrated exhaust system |
JP2006029224A (ja) * | 2004-07-16 | 2006-02-02 | Toyota Motor Corp | 過給器付エンジンの排気装置 |
EP2049777B1 (de) * | 2006-08-07 | 2013-04-10 | Zhanzhao Feng | Schalldämpferanordnung |
DE102008062014A1 (de) * | 2008-12-12 | 2010-06-17 | Friedrich Boysen Gmbh & Co. Kg | Schalldämpfer |
DE102009032214B4 (de) * | 2009-07-06 | 2023-10-19 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Abgasanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine |
DE102009032215A1 (de) * | 2009-07-06 | 2011-01-27 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Abgasanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine |
DE102009032213B4 (de) | 2009-07-06 | 2024-05-16 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Abgasanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine |
WO2011100083A2 (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2011-08-18 | Faurecia Emissions Control Technologies, Usa, Llc | Plastic muffler with helmholtz chamber |
DE102010008277B4 (de) * | 2010-02-17 | 2023-10-12 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Abgasanlage einer Brennkraftmaschine |
DE102010008215A1 (de) | 2010-02-17 | 2010-09-16 | Daimler Ag | Halteeinrichtung zum Halten einer Kamera an einer Scheibe eines Fahrzeugs |
DE102011051690B4 (de) | 2011-07-08 | 2023-06-29 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Steuerungseinrichtung eines Kraftfahrzeugs mit einem Geräuschübertragungssystem und einem Abgassystem |
-
2013
- 2013-05-15 DE DE102013208946.5A patent/DE102013208946A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-04-28 WO PCT/EP2014/058543 patent/WO2014183978A1/de active Application Filing
- 2014-04-28 EP EP14719766.9A patent/EP2997240B1/de active Active
- 2014-04-28 CN CN201480022080.9A patent/CN105121796B/zh active Active
-
2015
- 2015-10-05 US US14/874,523 patent/US9605580B2/en active Active
-
2017
- 2017-03-27 US US15/470,028 patent/US9945276B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US9605580B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 |
CN105121796A (zh) | 2015-12-02 |
DE102013208946A1 (de) | 2014-11-20 |
US20160053658A1 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
EP2997240B1 (de) | 2017-06-07 |
WO2014183978A1 (de) | 2014-11-20 |
CN105121796B (zh) | 2018-05-15 |
US9945276B2 (en) | 2018-04-17 |
US20170198617A1 (en) | 2017-07-13 |
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