EP2997240A1 - Exhaust system for an internal combustion engine and method for operating the exhaust system - Google Patents
Exhaust system for an internal combustion engine and method for operating the exhaust systemInfo
- Publication number
- EP2997240A1 EP2997240A1 EP14719766.9A EP14719766A EP2997240A1 EP 2997240 A1 EP2997240 A1 EP 2997240A1 EP 14719766 A EP14719766 A EP 14719766A EP 2997240 A1 EP2997240 A1 EP 2997240A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- exhaust
- exhaust system
- obturator
- exhaust pipe
- reflection chamber
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
- F01N1/08—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling
- F01N1/083—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by reducing exhaust energy by throttling or whirling using transversal baffles defining a tortuous path for the gases or successively throttling gas flow
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
- F01N1/02—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using resonance
- F01N1/023—Helmholtz resonators
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
- F01N1/02—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using resonance
- F01N1/026—Annular resonance chambers arranged concentrically to an exhaust passage and communicating with it, e.g. via at least one opening in the exhaust passage
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
- F01N1/16—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using movable parts
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
- F01N1/16—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using movable parts
- F01N1/166—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using movable parts for changing gas flow path through the silencer or for adjusting the dimensions of a chamber or a pipe
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N1/00—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing
- F01N1/16—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using movable parts
- F01N1/168—Silencing apparatus characterised by method of silencing by using movable parts for controlling or modifying silencing characteristics only
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/02—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more separate silencers in series
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/04—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00 having two or more silencers in parallel, e.g. having interconnections for multi-cylinder engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N13/00—Exhaust or silencing apparatus characterised by constructional features ; Exhaust or silencing apparatus, or parts thereof, having pertinent characteristics not provided for in, or of interest apart from, groups F01N1/00 - F01N5/00, F01N9/00, F01N11/00
- F01N13/08—Other arrangements or adaptations of exhaust conduits
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2240/00—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being
- F01N2240/36—Combination or association of two or more different exhaust treating devices, or of at least one such device with an auxiliary device, not covered by indexing codes F01N2230/00 or F01N2250/00, one of the devices being an exhaust flap
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01N—GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; GAS-FLOW SILENCERS OR EXHAUST APPARATUS FOR INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINES
- F01N2470/00—Structure or shape of gas passages, pipes or tubes
- F01N2470/02—Tubes being perforated
Definitions
- the invention relates to an exhaust system for an internal combustion engine with the features of the preamble of patent claim 1 and method for operating the exhaust system according to the features of the claims 8 to 10.
- an exhaust system of an internal combustion engine is known with a first cylinder group of the Brenrikraftmaschine associated first exhaust system and with a second cylinder group of the internal combustion engine associated second exhaust system.
- Each exhaust gas line has in each case an exhaust gas purification device and a first exhaust silencer arranged downstream of the respective exhaust gas purification device, as well as a second silencer downstream of the respective first silencer and an exhaust gas end pipe arranged downstream of the respective second silencer.
- a disadvantage of this known prior art is the fact that the damping resonator of the muffler is not variably adjustable in terms of sound.
- Flaps are usually only partially separated or shifted in time, this leads to a significant increase in exhaust gas back pressure in an exhaust line.
- Object of the present invention is to avoid the disadvantages mentioned above and at the same time introduce a variability in the acoustic damping properties of the silencer system.
- the inventive design of the exhaust system has a structure advantageous with respect to the exhaust backpressure. Due to the construction according to the invention, one or both shut-off valves can also be closed at the same time without a substantial increase in the exhaust backpressure. Compared with conventional exhaust systems exists with open shut-off devices, such. As exhaust valves, a minimum or hardly measurable throttling (increase in the exhaust backpressure), since the entire Abgasroh r and damping tube volume is used to the end of the exhaust system. By a slightly different structure, the shut-off valves can also be shifted in time to improve a subjective hearing impression during the switching phases.
- the staggered switching of the two shut-off devices can be reduced to conspicuous, acoustic level jumps in an advantageous manner.
- the very low exhaust back pressure of the exhaust system due to the inventive design has a very positive effect.
- the volumes of the first silencer and the second silencer can also be subsequently changed.
- one or more possibly necessary resonators can be easily integrated in the exhaust system while maintaining the symmetry in a simple manner. Due to the symmetrical design of the Abgasaniage this and beyond the muffler itself can be very cheap.
- the silencer housing can be implemented, for example, as a cost-effective coil damper or shell construction.
- the two side parts can be designed as a common part.
- the upper and lower shell can each be made of identical parts.
- the exhaust pipes can also be manufactured and installed as the same components.
- the Y-branch elements of the exhaust pipes to the damping tubes can be implemented, for example, as hydroforming (IHU).
- the damping tubes with perforation, which are guided through the silencer, are also implemented as equal parts. The same applies to the damping pipe from the Y pipe section to the reflection chamber.
- the pre-assembly of the Y- Branching elements and the shut-off devices for both sides of the exhaust system can be used the identical mounting device.
- Fig. 1 shows schematically an exhaust system according to the invention.
- Fig. 2 shows the exhaust system according to the invention with two closed shut-off devices.
- Fig. 3 shows the exhaust system according to the invention with two open
- Fig. 4 shows the exhaust system according to the invention with a closed and an open obturator.
- Fig. 1 shows an end portion of an exhaust system 1 according to the invention for an internal combustion engine, not shown, with at least a first and a second cylinder, also not shown.
- the first and the second cylinder are representative of cylinder groups of the internal combustion engine.
- the cylinders 1 to 3 of the cylinder group 1 and the cylinders 4 to 6 correspond to the cylinder group 2.
- the first cylinder is a first exhaust pipe 2 and the second cylinder is associated with a second exhaust pipe 3.
- the first exhaust pipe 2, a first muffler 4 and the second exhaust pipe 3, a second muffler 5 is assigned.
- a first damping pipe 2 branches off from the first exhaust pipe 2 upstream of a first shut-off element 6. This first flows into a first reflection chamber 7 and is then passed through the first muffler 4 and opens again into the second exhaust pipe 3 downstream of a second obturator 8.
- branches from the second exhaust pipe 3 upstream of a second obturator 8 a second Damping tube 3 'from which first opens into a second reflection chamber 9 and then passed through the second muffler 5 and opens into the first exhaust pipe 2 downstream of the first obturator 6.
- Flow directions of the exhaust gases which are represented by arrows are shown in FIGS. 2 to 4 can be removed.
- the first damping tube 2 'and the second damping tube 3' in the volume of the first muffler 4 and in the region of the second muffler 5 on a perforation, for emitting sound emissions in the muffler 4, 5 for frequency-selective Attenuation of the sound pressure level.
- the damping effect is shown symbolically in FIGS. 2 to 4 by dashed lines in the region of the perforation.
- the first and the second obturator 6, 8 is an exhaust valve, in other embodiments, it may for example be rollers.
- a reflection chamber 10, 11 omitted.
- the first exhaust pipe 2 is connected via a perforation 12 exhaust gas leading to the third reflection chamber 10 and / or the second exhaust pipe 3 via a perforation 12 exhaust gas connected to the fourth Refiexions hamper 11.
- the first and the third reflection chamber 7, 10 and / or the second and the fourth Refiexions hamper 9, 11 may be connected to each other exhaust-conducting, for example by a further perforation.
- a further acoustic optimization is possible.
- the first and the second muffler 4, 5 are arranged in a common housing 13, whereby manufacturing costs are saved.
- the first and the second reflection chamber 7, 9 are arranged in the housing 13. The greatest cost saving is achieved if even the third and the fourth reflection chamber 10, 11 are arranged in the housing 13.
- first and second reflection chambers 7, 9 can also be designed as resonator chambers.
- the third and the fourth reflection chamber 10, 11 may be designed as absorption chambers.
- the particular embodiment of a reflection chamber, a resonator chamber, or absorption chamber will not be described in detail, since this is sufficiently defined in standard textbooks.
- the Y-branch pipes transition region from the exhaust pipe to the damping pipe
- the damping pipes 2 ', 3', the shut-off elements 6, 8, the tail pipe branches, the reflection chambers 7, 9, 10, 11, the mufflers 4, 5 and the exhaust pipes 2, 3 are designed as equal parts.
- the muffler 4, 5, the reflection chambers 7, 9, 10, 11 accommodate cost in a single common housing 13.
- Also for the production can be 1 assembly tools save due to the common parts for the exhaust system. This also leads to a significant reduction in tooling costs.
- FIG. 2 shows the exhaust system 1 according to the invention with a setting for a first operating method, the first and the second shut-off elements 6, 8 being closed. By this setting, a maximum sound attenuation for the exhaust system 1 is achieved.
- Fig. 3 shows the exhaust system 1 according to the invention with a setting for a second operating method, wherein the first and the second obturator 6, 8 are opened.
- Fig. 4 shows the exhaust system 1 according to the invention with a setting for a third operating method, wherein the first obturator 6 is closed and the second obturator 8 is opened. By this setting, an average sound attenuation for the exhaust system 1 is achieved.
- the exhaust system 1 according to the invention has a construction which is very advantageous with regard to the exhaust backpressure.
- one or both shut-off elements 6, 8 can also be closed at the same time without a substantial increase in the exhaust backpressure.
- a minimum or hardly measurable throttling increase in the exhaust backpressure
- the shut-off devices 6, 8 can also be switched over in time to improve a subjective hearing impression during the switching phase.
- staggered switching of the two shut-off valves 6, 8 can be reduced to conspicuous acoustic level jumps in an advantageous manner.
- the very low exhaust backpressure of the exhaust system 1 due to the embodiment according to the invention has a very positive effect.
- the volumes of the first muffler 4 and the second muffler 5 can also be subsequently changed.
- one or more possibly necessary resonator chambers 10, 11, which are also designed as reflection chambers, can be integrated in the exhaust system 1 in a simple manner without great expense, while maintaining the symmetry.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102013208946.5A DE102013208946A1 (en) | 2013-05-15 | 2013-05-15 | Exhaust system for an internal combustion engine and method for operating the exhaust system |
PCT/EP2014/058543 WO2014183978A1 (en) | 2013-05-15 | 2014-04-28 | Exhaust system for an internal combustion engine and method for operating the exhaust system |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2997240A1 true EP2997240A1 (en) | 2016-03-23 |
EP2997240B1 EP2997240B1 (en) | 2017-06-07 |
Family
ID=50588708
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14719766.9A Active EP2997240B1 (en) | 2013-05-15 | 2014-04-28 | Exhaust system for an internal combustion engine and method for operating the exhaust system |
Country Status (5)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US9605580B2 (en) |
EP (1) | EP2997240B1 (en) |
CN (1) | CN105121796B (en) |
DE (1) | DE102013208946A1 (en) |
WO (1) | WO2014183978A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (18)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE102013210464A1 (en) * | 2013-06-05 | 2014-12-11 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Exhaust system for an internal combustion engine and method for operating the exhaust system |
DE102014118633A1 (en) * | 2014-12-15 | 2016-06-16 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Exhaust system of a motor vehicle and motor vehicle |
DE102015211460A1 (en) * | 2015-06-22 | 2016-12-22 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | exhaust system |
LT3118429T (en) * | 2015-07-16 | 2019-01-25 | Akrapovic D.D. | An exhaust system for an internal combustion automotive engine |
CN105626220A (en) * | 2016-01-30 | 2016-06-01 | 太仓丹妮尔模塑汽配有限公司 | Automobile vent pipe with super-strong sound-muffling function |
DE102016106340A1 (en) | 2016-04-07 | 2017-10-12 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Exhaust system for a motor vehicle and motor vehicle |
JP6816610B2 (en) * | 2017-03-30 | 2021-01-20 | 三菱電機株式会社 | Power generation equipment |
DE102017206642A1 (en) | 2017-04-20 | 2018-10-25 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Aktiengesellschaft | Exhaust flap for an exhaust system of a motor vehicle, control unit for such an exhaust flap, and method for operating such an exhaust flap |
US10837333B2 (en) * | 2017-12-28 | 2020-11-17 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Exhaust system having tunable exhaust sound |
US10584626B2 (en) * | 2018-05-07 | 2020-03-10 | Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. | Muffler assembly including a center muffler and two satellite mufflers |
US10596898B2 (en) | 2018-05-07 | 2020-03-24 | Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. | Muffler assembly including a center muffler and two satellite mufflers |
CN108506072A (en) * | 2018-05-24 | 2018-09-07 | 上海天纳克排气系统有限公司 | Double docking bridge formula silencers |
US10767543B2 (en) | 2018-07-20 | 2020-09-08 | Tenneco Automotive Operating Company Inc. | Reduced length exhaust system with valve |
US11746688B1 (en) | 2018-10-27 | 2023-09-05 | David Akiba Borla | Cross-pipe exhaust assembly |
US11326501B2 (en) * | 2018-10-27 | 2022-05-10 | David Akiba Borla | Cross-pipe exhaust system |
US11649750B2 (en) * | 2019-10-16 | 2023-05-16 | Ford Global Technologies, Llc | Methods and systems for an exhaust muffler system |
US11661882B1 (en) * | 2020-06-23 | 2023-05-30 | Normand A. St. Pierre | Modified exhaust system with oxygen sensor |
US11713700B2 (en) | 2020-07-24 | 2023-08-01 | Mike's Pipes, Inc. | Method and apparatus for converting a vehicle from a dual-in, single-out exhaust system to a dual-in, dual-out exhaust system |
Family Cites Families (11)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5144799A (en) * | 1991-07-18 | 1992-09-08 | Barth Randolph S | Crossfire calibrated exhaust system |
JP2006029224A (en) | 2004-07-16 | 2006-02-02 | Toyota Motor Corp | Exhaust device of engine with supercharger |
JP2010500496A (en) * | 2006-08-07 | 2010-01-07 | フェング、ツァンツァオ | Muffler assembly |
DE102008062014A1 (en) * | 2008-12-12 | 2010-06-17 | Friedrich Boysen Gmbh & Co. Kg | silencer |
DE102009032214B4 (en) | 2009-07-06 | 2023-10-19 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Exhaust system of an internal combustion engine |
DE102009032215A1 (en) * | 2009-07-06 | 2011-01-27 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Exhaust system of an internal combustion engine |
DE102009032213B4 (en) | 2009-07-06 | 2024-05-16 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Exhaust system of an internal combustion engine |
CN102753792B (en) * | 2010-02-11 | 2014-08-20 | 佛吉亚排放控制技术美国有限公司 | Plastic muffler with helmholtz chamber |
DE102010008277B4 (en) * | 2010-02-17 | 2023-10-12 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Exhaust system of an internal combustion engine |
DE102010008215A1 (en) | 2010-02-17 | 2010-09-16 | Daimler Ag | Holding device for holding camera at disk of vehicle, has camera housing rotatably mounted at carrier plate, and inclination adjusting device provided for adjusting inclination of camera housing with respect to carrier plate |
DE102011051690B4 (en) * | 2011-07-08 | 2023-06-29 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Control device of a motor vehicle with a noise transmission system and an exhaust system |
-
2013
- 2013-05-15 DE DE102013208946.5A patent/DE102013208946A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
2014
- 2014-04-28 EP EP14719766.9A patent/EP2997240B1/en active Active
- 2014-04-28 CN CN201480022080.9A patent/CN105121796B/en active Active
- 2014-04-28 WO PCT/EP2014/058543 patent/WO2014183978A1/en active Application Filing
-
2015
- 2015-10-05 US US14/874,523 patent/US9605580B2/en active Active
-
2017
- 2017-03-27 US US15/470,028 patent/US9945276B2/en active Active
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE102013208946A1 (en) | 2014-11-20 |
US20170198617A1 (en) | 2017-07-13 |
US9945276B2 (en) | 2018-04-17 |
CN105121796A (en) | 2015-12-02 |
US9605580B2 (en) | 2017-03-28 |
CN105121796B (en) | 2018-05-15 |
EP2997240B1 (en) | 2017-06-07 |
US20160053658A1 (en) | 2016-02-25 |
WO2014183978A1 (en) | 2014-11-20 |
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