EP2985387A1 - Fräser und verfahren zur bereitstellung eines rohrschutzsystems in einem deichkörper - Google Patents

Fräser und verfahren zur bereitstellung eines rohrschutzsystems in einem deichkörper Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2985387A1
EP2985387A1 EP15181184.1A EP15181184A EP2985387A1 EP 2985387 A1 EP2985387 A1 EP 2985387A1 EP 15181184 A EP15181184 A EP 15181184A EP 2985387 A1 EP2985387 A1 EP 2985387A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cutter
dike body
barrier screen
soil
binder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP15181184.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Willem Martin ZIELMAN
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Gww-Infra Holding BV
Original Assignee
Gww-Infra Holding BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Gww-Infra Holding BV filed Critical Gww-Infra Holding BV
Publication of EP2985387A1 publication Critical patent/EP2985387A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E02D17/202—Securing of slopes or inclines with flexible securing means
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D3/00—Improving or preserving soil or rock, e.g. preserving permafrost soil
    • E02D3/12—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil
    • E02D3/126—Consolidating by placing solidifying or pore-filling substances in the soil and mixing by rotating blades
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/10—Dams; Dykes; Sluice ways or other structures for dykes, dams, or the like
    • E02B3/102—Permanently installed raisable dykes
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B3/00—Engineering works in connection with control or use of streams, rivers, coasts, or other marine sites; Sealings or joints for engineering works in general
    • E02B3/04—Structures or apparatus for, or methods of, protecting banks, coasts, or harbours
    • E02B3/12—Revetment of banks, dams, watercourses, or the like, e.g. the sea-floor
    • E02B3/121—Devices for applying linings on banks or the water bottom
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/18—Making embankments, e.g. dikes, dams
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D17/00—Excavations; Bordering of excavations; Making embankments
    • E02D17/20—Securing of slopes or inclines
    • E02D17/207—Securing of slopes or inclines with means incorporating sheet piles or piles
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D19/00—Keeping dry foundation sites or other areas in the ground
    • E02D19/06—Restraining of underground water
    • E02D19/12—Restraining of underground water by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water
    • E02D19/18—Restraining of underground water by damming or interrupting the passage of underground water by making use of sealing aprons, e.g. diaphragms made from bituminous or clay material
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F3/00—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines
    • E02F3/04—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven
    • E02F3/18—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels
    • E02F3/20—Dredgers; Soil-shifting machines mechanically-driven with digging wheels turning round an axis, e.g. bucket-type wheels with tools that only loosen the material, i.e. mill-type wheels
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
    • E02F5/08—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with digging wheels turning round an axis
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/02—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches
    • E02F5/10—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for digging trenches or ditches with arrangements for reinforcing trenches or ditches; with arrangements for making or assembling conduits or for laying conduits or cables
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F5/00—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes
    • E02F5/22—Dredgers or soil-shifting machines for special purposes for making embankments; for back-filling
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02F—DREDGING; SOIL-SHIFTING
    • E02F7/00—Equipment for conveying or separating excavated material
    • E02F7/06—Delivery chutes or screening plants or mixing plants mounted on dredgers or excavators
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B7/00—Barrages or weirs; Layout, construction, methods of, or devices for, making same
    • E02B7/02—Fixed barrages
    • E02B7/04—Dams across valleys
    • E02B7/06—Earth-fill dams; Rock-fill dams

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cutter and a method for improving and strengthening a dike as well as to an improved and strengthened dike body.
  • dikes that comprise a dike body extending between a land area and a water area, said dike body comprising a longitudinal barrier screen that is oriented substantially standing, for preventing soil particles to be transported through said dike body.
  • a strengthened dike body as aimed by the present invention provides the advantage that the area protected by the dike in some instances can be reduced, with the consequence that closer to the dike, or even on the dike, building will become allowed. Hence, the economic value will be improved drastically.
  • a continuous barrier screen in a dike body is to prevent weakening of the dike by tunnel shaped spaces under the dike. Without such barrier screen soil particles may flow under the dike together with seepage water due to a height difference between water at the outer dike part of the dike and the landbased part of the dike. The tunnel shaped spaces may eventually lead to weakening or breakthrough of the dike. This problem of weakening of a dike body due to tunnel shaped spaces is identified as "piping".
  • barrier screens may be provided inside the dike body so as to stop seepage water with soil particles.
  • These known barrier screens are made of sheet pilings manufactured from concrete or steel.
  • a disadvantage of the use of steel sheet pilings in a dike for preventing the piping problem is that said piling must be forced into the ground by using high power equipment and that generates vibrations that may lead to damage in the surroundings and/or in the dike body. Such method also generates lots of noise disturbances in the surroundings.
  • a first step consists of making a trench in which concrete is to be poured.
  • Such method requires the use of many different apparatuses and devices; also, transport of equipment is cumbersome and complex.
  • the invention further aims at providing such means for quickly and accurately making a barrier screen.
  • the invention aims at providing an improved method for making said barrier screen.
  • the invention finally aims at providing an improved dike body having a greater strength and wherein draining of soil material can be adequately prevented.
  • the invention provides a cutter for making a barrier screen in a dike body for preventing transport of soil particles, said cutter comprising: - a part that is oriented vertically when in use and that comprises a supply device for supplying to soil material of said dike body a binder for binding soil material that has been cut by said cutter, said vertically oriented part at a lower portion thereof being provided with chisels for cutting said soil material during a downward movement of said cutter; - as well as a part that is horizontally oriented when in use and that extends at both sides of said vertical part and wherein said parts that are provided at both sides comprise cylinders that are rotatable about a horizontal rotation axis and wherein said cylinders are provided with ground cultivating members for mixing soil material that has been machined by said chisels and said ground cultivating members.
  • This cutter allows one to simply obtain an improved dike body.
  • ground and “ground” are used interchangeably.
  • ground cultivating members and “soil cultivating members” are used interchangeably, as well as the terms “ground” and “soil” as such.
  • ground cultivating members are provided on the cylinders' surface spiral wound.
  • a fast and efficient mixing is obtained when the supply device feeds the binder towards the horizontal cylinders.
  • a good cutting of the soil material is obtained when the chisels are shaped as a rotating milling head.
  • a simple but very efficient embodiment consists of a cutter wherein the ground cultivating members are provided on the cylinders in a single pitch.
  • the cutter may essentially be fed substantially linearly vertically into the ground, when at both sides of said vertical part cylinders are provided that, when in use, rotate in opposite directions.
  • a faster vertical displacement is attainable when the cutter comprises two sets of horizontally oriented parts, wherein at both sides of said vertically oriented part two horizontally oriented parts are positioned.
  • the mixing and cutting of the soil material by means of the horizontally oriented parts will be provided by both said parts.
  • a homogeneous soil material is obtained when the ground cultivating members are embodied for at least partly mixing and cutting said soil material.
  • both said means ensure both treatments.
  • the cutter preferably comprises a binder contained for containing a binder and a supply pipe from said contained to said supply device.
  • the invention provides a method for making a barrier screen in a dike body for preventing transport of soil particles, by using a cutter according to the invention, said barrier screen being in a substantially standing position and extending in a longitudinal direction of said dike body, comprising the step of urging the cutter substantially vertically into the dike body and mixing soil material of said dike body with binder.
  • An effective method is embodied by repeatedly urging the cutter into the dike body and mixing soil material of said dike body with binder at at least partially staggered positions for making a continuous barrier screen of partially overlapping columns inside said dike body.
  • the soil material of said dike body is milled to an average particle volume of less than 10 cubic millimeter of soil material, preferably less than 2 cubic millimeter, more preferably less than 1 cubic millimeter.
  • the invention further relates to a barrier screen in a dike body comprised of at least partially overlapping columns of soil material of said dike body and binder, obtained by means of a method according to the present invention.
  • a barrier screen being embodied from a mixture of binder and soil that is already present in the dike body, supply and discharge of several components and building materials for making the barrier screen can be reduced. More in particular, by using the soil that is already present in the dike body, a barrier screen may be made in the dike body without firstly making a trench or urging a piling sheet in the dike body. Furthermore, the costs of such barrier screen are substantially less than the costs for making a steel sheet piping.
  • the mixture of soil and binder in the dike body can be used for providing the dike body material a firm, homogeneous and cohesive granular structure, that is to say a structure of mutually bonded grains. Such granular structure serves as the barriers screen.
  • the barrier screen comprises grains from the kind of soil that is present in the dike body adjacent the said barrier screen, said grains being mutually connected through said binder.
  • the average grain size in said barrier screen may for example be less than one, less than two or less than ten cubic millimeter per grain.
  • the kind of soil in said dike body adjacent said barrier screen may be homogeneous or layered, may comprise structures that are larger than the average grain size in said barrier screen. Due to the presence of the grains in said barrier screen a much firmer structure is obtained than compared with feeding the binder to a layered soil of a soil comprising larger structures than the present average grain size. Grains that are built from the soil and that are connected though said binder may provide a firmer structure. Such leads to an improved stability of the dike body.
  • the barrier screen preferably extends until a depth within the dike body through which, without the presence of the barrier screen, soil particles would be migrated through the flow of said seepage water, for example until a depth of one to ten meters below the dike body's surface at the position of said barrier screen.
  • the barrier screen is preferably embodied narrowly heving a width of between 0.1 meter and one meter perpendicularly to the longitudinal direction of the dike body, for example between 0.4-0.7 meter. In the longitudinal direction the barrier screen preferably extends continuously along the total length of the dike. In case interruptions are provided in the dike, these preferably are provided only after for example at least ten or one hundred meters of continuous barrier screen.
  • the top position of the barrier screen is at a distance below the surface of the dike body at the position of the barrier screen, for example 0.5-2 m below said dike body's surface.
  • the barrier screen may be covered with a top layer of clay, sand or mud. Such top layer may be used for constructing a road.
  • the binder may be cement, bentonite, lime, topcrete or fly ash (for example certified fly ash), or a mixture thereof with another component, for example more than one chosen from cement, bentonite, lime, topcrete and fly-ash.
  • the binder is a grout, for example obtained from a mixture of cement, water and optionally admixed with an additive and excipients, wherein said grout is mixed with said soil of said dike body for making a barrier screen.
  • the barrier screen may be chosen to position the barrier screen ate a water based part of the dike body (between the base of the dike and the water), or at a landbased part of the dike body (at the side of the dike that is directed away from the water) or at a middle portion of the dike body, erecting from the surroundings and substantially comprising a soil material.
  • the barrier screen When the barrier screen is positioned at a water side part of the dike, use is preferably made of a substantially water tight barrier screen. Without preventing seepage water to flow through the dike body, accumulation of water and salinization of the hinterlands can be prevented.
  • Another embodiment comprises the step of positioning the barrier screen at the landbased part of the dike body.
  • Such preferably comprises the application of a water-permeable barrier screen.
  • part of the seepage water can flow through or may be absorbed by said barrier screen, whereas transport of soil particles is prevented by the presence of said screen or is at least filtered.
  • the barrier screen will be embodied as a water-permeable screen any seepage water will not accumulate in the dike body with the result that a drainage system is not necessary.
  • Another embodiment comprises the step of placing the barrier screen at a middle ground portion of said dike body.
  • the barrier screen is made substantially watertight in this embodiment.
  • the embodiment in the middle portion of the dike body (the so-called crown of top) is especially preferably in case of small and weak dikes, for example peat dikes. More in particular some peat dikes are small and usually only accessible at their top.
  • a small dike body may be embodied completely as a barrier screen as described in the present description in the case of a barrier screen forming part of a dike body.
  • the continuous barrier screen may preferably be embodied as a concatenation of columns, wherein said columns are positioned adjacent next to each other, and preferably such as to partially overlap so as to make the barrier screen extend continuously and parallel to the dike body. Adjacent columns may be made column-wise by means of relatively lightweight apparatuses.
  • the columns of said barrier screen By positioning the columns of said barrier screen in an overlap open spaces, forming tunnels through which seepage water and ground particles may flow, in between adjacent columns are easily prevented.
  • the columns are preferably positioned substantially upright. According to an embodiment the top of the columns is positioned below ground level. According to an embodiment the columns have a length of at least one meter in the longitudinal direction and a width of at least 0.4 meter perpendicularly thereto.
  • the invention further relates to a method for making an barrier screen in a dike body for preventing transport of soil particles, said barrier screen being oriented substantially standing upright and extending in a longitudinal direction of said dike body, in said method the barrier screen being comprised of mixing soil material that is present in said dike body before commencing the step of making said barrier screen mechanically with a binder.
  • Said mixing for example may be performed in situ at a depth below the surface of said dike body.
  • the soil material that is already present in said dike body before commencing the step of making the barrier screen is converted in grains by means of cultivating methods, for example by means of grinding, milling and/or cutting, and said grains are mutually connected by means of said binder. Said mixing can be performed simultaneously with the step of making said grains.
  • the soil i.e. the dike body material
  • grains also comprising grain-like particles
  • the size distribution of grains is preferably substantially homogeneous.
  • the binder is added as a powder from a binder container to the soil.
  • the dike material's intrinsic humidity enables one to mutually bind the grains by adding dry powdered binder.
  • the binder comprises cement, bentonite, lime, topcrete or fly-ash, or a combination thereof.
  • the binder is a grout, for example as obtained from a mixture of cement that has been moistened with water and optionally added aggregates and additives wherein grout is mixed with the soil material so as to yield a barrier screen.
  • the binder is added from a predetermined depth and lower into the soil, for example by applying a supply device. This allows one to save space above said barrier screen for constructions like roads and gates.
  • the barrier screen is made by means of a cutter that is provided with moving chisels for cutting the soil material, according to which method said cutter is moved through the dike body's machined soil material along a range of positions in the barrier screen to be made, and wherein the binder is injected into the soil through which the chisels are moved.
  • any preliminary removal of soil material is not required.
  • any soil depth-dependent differences in the dike body adjacent the barrier screen are obtained in the barrier screen at said same depths.
  • the binder is added together with the step of cutting and remains mixed with the machined soil at the positions the cutter has performed its cutting actions and subsequently has been removed from. By such local cutting action, a homogeneous grain structure is obtained that is less diverse than when injecting a suspension or when pressing a binder into said soil as such.
  • De cutter may provide a simultaneous step of a mechanical mixing of binder and soil.
  • the barrier screen's shape and position is determined by the movement of the cutter.
  • the cutter is continuously displaced in a vertical manner in a series of consecutive and partially overlapping columns in the longitudinal direction of the dike body, that is to say in the range of positions of the barrier screen to be made.
  • the cutter comprises a rotor that is driven rotatably around a rotation axis. Chisels are provided at the circumference of the cylinder, for example along a spiral wound path.
  • the cylinder may be entered into the soil with its cylinder axis in the longitudinal direction of the barrier screen, such that the diameter of said cylinder essentially determines the thickness of said barrier screen and wherein the length of said cylinder determines the length of said column of the barrier screen, or part of said length, if the cutter comprises a plurality of such cylinders, said cylinders are positioned mutually in line.
  • the cutter may be moved substantially vertically downwards into the soil of the dike body along a trajectory, i.e. a range of positions, that are positioned at the barriers screen to be made and wherein the binder is injected into the soil that is machined by said chisels.
  • The may provide a cutting and/or mixing action and are provided for cutting soil material and mechanically mixing the binder and said machined soil material.
  • the cutter may be positioned such for making each of the columns of the barrier screen.
  • the barrier screen may be water tight or (semi) liquid permeable. Such can be controlled by setting the amount of binder that is added per unit volume of soil, and the kind of binder. The required amounts and the kind of binder may be determined experimentally.
  • a first step may comprise the step of determining the required permeability of said barrier screen. By taking a sample of said dike body's soil material, or a comparable soil material, it may be determined experimentally if, after having added different amounts of binder, the required permeability has been obtained. In case of standard types of soil material, the results may be entered into (and retrieved from) a table, such that a choice of a required amount of binder ca be determined without the need of performing further experiments.
  • said mixture may comprise 100 kg binder per m3 soil, for obtaining a substantially watertight barrier screen.
  • at least 90 % of the amount of seepage water is restricted compared to a dike body without a barrier screen.
  • the barrier screen may have a porous structure, comparable to clay and comprising small pores. These pores are relatively small compared to for example the width of a barrier screen column, with the consequence that part of the seepage water may still flow through the barrier screen, but wherein transport of soil particles is prevented.
  • the barrier screen has a permeability of between 0-0 -- 10-9 m/s, according to Darcy's law, but this permeability may be altered, depending on the circumstances.
  • the barrier screen since the barrier screen has a clay like structure, the screen may be flexible. As a consequence, the screen may move with the soil without tearing.
  • the invention further relates to a cutter for making a barrier screen in a dijk, provided with a binder container, and a supply device embodied for feeding binder from said binder container to a position near the chisels during milling and cutting.
  • the technical measures relating to the dike also may be implemented advantageously as such as well in dike bodies comprising different configurations, i.e. the individual measures may be de isolated from the context used above and may be applied as such, optionally applying one or more measures mentioned above.
  • a dike 1 is schematically shown and which comprises a longitudinal dike body 4 that separates landbased part 2 and a water area 3.
  • Said dike body comprises at a first side of said water area 3 an outer dike part 5, at the landbased part it comprises an inner dike part 6 and in between said outer dike part 5 and said inner dike part 6 it comprises a middle portion 7.
  • Said middle portion has a top 8 that embodies the crown 9 of the dike 1.
  • Said crown 9 prevents water flowing from the water area to said landbased area.
  • tunnel shaped spaces 10 are shown in dashed lines that may be obtained due to a water level difference between said water area and said landbased area. Through these tunnels 10 seepage water 33 migrates together with soil particles 34.
  • Said soil particles 34 are grain like soil particles that are carried along by said seepage water and may differ in size between about 1 micrometer and 4 millimeter.
  • a dike body is shown schematically comprising substantially erect barrier screen 11 made from soil of said dike body mixed with binder.
  • the soil may have the shape a homogeneous structure of particles that are bound by said binder, said particles being comprised of about the same material composition as the dike body (the term particles also refers to gain like parts).
  • the particles are mutually bound with a binder.
  • the mixture of the dike body's material and binder may have a clay like structure, even if the grains themselves are comprised of peat and the dike itself comprises peat.
  • the barrier screen may be provided in the inner dike part 6, the outer dike part 5 or the middle portion 7. It is also possible that a plurality of barrier screens are provided in the dike body, in the same or different parts of the dike body.
  • the barrier screen serves as a means for preventing transport of soil particles. To that end the barrier may in itself hinder the flow of seepage water, or may at least partly hinder the transport of the soil particles that are transported by the flow of seepage water, even in cases where the flow of seepage water itself is not substantially hindered.
  • the barrier screen extends until a depth in the dike body 4 where seepage water 33 flows together with particles 34, for example a depth between about 4 meter and about 10 meter.
  • the barrier screen 11 is positioned in an outer dike part 5 ( Fig. 2a ) it may be substantially water tight, which means that less seepage water is carried along the dike body than is required for keeping the dike saturated with water.
  • the barrier screen 11 only allows maximally about 10 % of the flow of seepage water, through the barrier screen, compared to the situation without a barrier screen 11.
  • the barrier screen 11 is positioned in the crown of the dike ( Fig. 2b ) this may be made substantially water permeable.
  • the complete crown may be part of the barrier screen, especially in case of a small dike.
  • the barrier screen 11 is positioned in the inner dike part 6 ( Fig. 2c ) it may be embodied substantially water permeable, which means that at least as much seepage water is allowed to permeate as required for preventing seepage water to accumulate between the crown of the dike and the barrier screen 11.
  • a barrier screen 11 that comprises pores that have a diameter such that at least part of the seepage water flows through said pores and wherein the particles that are entrained with said seepage water are retained by said barrier screen.
  • the barrier screen 11 retains 1-20 % of the seepage water, compared to a case where no barrier screen 11 is provided.
  • Fig. 3 schematically shows a top view of the barrier screen 11 being made of a concatenation of columns 12. Said columns may be positioned close to each other but preferably the columns have an overlapping portion 13 wherein the columns 12 partly overlap, as shown in the Figure.
  • the length of a single column 11 in the longitudinal direction of the barrier screen 11 is for example between 1 and 4 meter, and preferably about 1.5 meter.
  • the height of the column 12 is between 2 and 10 meter and is preferably about 7 meter.
  • the thickness of a single column is between 0.1 and 1 meter and is preferably about 0.6 meter.
  • the barrier screen extends in a height direction that does not higher than a distance below the dike's surface level 14.
  • a top 31 of said barrier screen 11 may be positioned below the surface of the dike body, for example 0.5 - 2 m below said surface.
  • the binder that is used for being mixed with the soil material of said dike body for making the barrier screen column is preferably chosen from a cement, bentonite, lime, topcrete or fly ash (topcrete is a by-product from the paper industry and that may be used as a binder).
  • the invention further relates to a method for making a barrier screen 11 in a dike body 4 for preventing transport of soil particles.
  • the barrier screen 11 is made by in situ mixing of soil of said dike body 4 mechanically with binder at the position where the barrier screen is to be made. To that end, soil is milled substantially at the same time of mixing same, with the consequence that the soil is converted into grain like particles with a substantially homogeneous particle size distribution.
  • the binder connects the grain like particles so as to obtain a rigid structure making the barrier screen.
  • the substantially standing columns are made in the soil by mechanically mixing binder 15 from a container 12 with the soil, by using a cutter 17.
  • a cutter 17 Preferably, an open slit above the cutter's head is not necessary.
  • the binder 15 may be provided as a powder like cement, and since the soil material in a dike body is at least partly moist, this will ensure a proper mixing between the binder 15 and the soil.
  • the binder is fed by a supply device 21 that is provided on the cutter 17. For example, it may be fed to the soil from a predetermined depth below the top surface of the dike body 4, like between 0.1 and 10 meter below the top surface of the dike body 4.
  • a somewhat raised surface may be obtained at the position of the barrier screen 11.
  • the soil is pressed, for example by driving a heavy machine over said raised surface or by positioning a weight on it. Said pressing increases the rigidity of the barrier screen 11.
  • the barrier screen 11 may be water tight or liquid permeable.
  • the soil of said dike body 4 comprises clay-like, peat-like or no load-bearing surface it may be mixed with 100 kg per m3 binder so as to obtain a substantially water tight barrier screen 11 such that about at least 90% of flowing seepage water is retained by said barrier screen 11, comprised with a situation without a barrier screen 11. If in such case for example 60 kg per m3 binder is added to the soil material of said dike body a substantially water permeable barrier screen 11 may be obtained.
  • the liquid permeability of said barrier screen 11 may for example be between about 0-0 -- 10-9 m/s according to Darcy's law, such that migration of soil particles through the dike body 4 from the water area to the landbased part 2 due to the seepage water is hindered effectively.
  • a schematic view of a cutter 17 is shown, being used in a device for making a barrier screen 11 in a dike body.
  • the cutter 17 comprises a cross shaped body 18 provided with a standing part 19 and a lying part 20 being positioned substantially perpendicular with respect to each other.
  • the standing part 19 is provided with a supply device 21 through which binder 15 may be transported from the container 16 to the end 22 that debouches near said lying part 20 for injecting the binder 15 in the soil for making the barrier screen column 12.
  • the directions of injection shown by means of arrows.
  • rotating cylinders 25 are provided.
  • said laying part 20 is positioned substantially along the dike body 4.
  • the cylinders 25 are provided with soil cutting chisels 26 that are provided at a spiral path along the circumference, and that serve as cutters and mixers for cutting the soil and mechanically mixing the binder 15 that is injected with the cut soil so as to obtain a barrier screen column 12.
  • the end part 22 of the supply device 21 ejects the binder from a central part of the standing part towards the soil cutting chisels 26.
  • additional mixing paddles may be provided on the cylinder that do not provide for a cutting of the soil.
  • the cylinders 25 When in use, the cylinders 25 are rotated mechanically around the cylinder axis. This is provided both for cutting the soil as for mixing the machined soil and the binder. The cylinders 25 are guided vertically through the cut soil in a horizontal position.
  • rotating cutter head 23 is provided.
  • the cutter head is detached from the figure, But in practice the cutter head is at a lowermost position longitudinally with respect to the standing part 19.
  • the cutter head 23 makes its way downwardly between the cylinders 25 of said cutter 17, for example vertically downward, through the dike body's 4 soil.
  • the cutter head 23 is provided with moving chisels 24 for cutting and milling the soil.
  • the cutter 17 Since the cutter 17 is provided with rotating cylinders 25 comprising cutting and mixing chisels 26 the making of large clumps of soil that do not contain any amount of binder is prevented. Such clumps would deteriorate the barrier screen's strength. The risk of such clumps would exist if the binder would only be injected into the soil and the soil would not be converted into grains and be mixed, for example by means of said mixing chisels. After the binder in a column 12 has been mixed sufficiently with soil, the cutter 17 moves upwards after which it is used for consecutively making another column 12 of said barrier screen. To that end, the cutter 17 is positioned such as to make overlapping columns 12 along the dike body 4, that together make the barrier screen 11.
  • Positioning the cutter 17 is preferably obtained by means of a 3D positioning system, for example by applying GPS positioning.
  • the invention also relates to a device 32 according to Fig. 4 for making a barrier screen 11 in a dike 1, comprising a cutter 17 that is provided with soil cutting and milling chisels 24, 26, a binder container 16, and a supply device 21 that is embodied for feeding binder 15 from the binder container 16 during said milling and cutting operation to the chisels 24, 26.
  • the method and device are described for improving dikes, wherein a longitudinal barrier screen 11 is made in the soil for preventing he transport of soil particles.
  • a comparative method and device may be used for other aims as well, for example for mixing a block of soil with a binder, wherein such block of soil may be much thicker than a barrier screen.
  • Such block may for example be used as a foundation for building purposes.
  • the method may be used for immobilizing or fixating contaminating particles in the ground.
  • the columns may be made in two horizontal continuous directions, for example in the shape of a rectangle as seen from above.
  • the method may be made in a series of parallel, preferably partially overlapping, lanes. It that case a rigid block of soil is obtained, wherein said block is obtained by mixing soil already present in situ mechanically below surface level with a binder.
  • a plurality of lanes or rows of columns may be required.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Soil Sciences (AREA)
  • Agronomy & Crop Science (AREA)
  • Pit Excavations, Shoring, Fill Or Stabilisation Of Slopes (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
EP15181184.1A 2014-08-15 2015-08-16 Fräser und verfahren zur bereitstellung eines rohrschutzsystems in einem deichkörper Withdrawn EP2985387A1 (de)

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PL236892B1 (pl) * 2017-08-08 2021-02-22 Inst Badawczy Drog I Mostow Urządzenie do formowania w gruncie ciągłych ścian z gruntu wzmocnionego środkiem wiążącym
CN111424635A (zh) * 2020-04-14 2020-07-17 青岛市勘察测绘研究院 淤泥质场地原位固化装置及固化施工方法
US11655604B2 (en) * 2020-06-09 2023-05-23 Mark Castellucci, SR. System for increasing the height of seawalls
CN112030870B (zh) * 2020-09-15 2021-09-28 赣州久创科技有限公司 一种砂土地质下建筑垃圾增强河堤

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US20160047109A1 (en) 2016-02-18
EP2985388A1 (de) 2016-02-17
US20160047105A1 (en) 2016-02-18

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