EP2984020B1 - Crane, as well as method for testing the cabling of such crane - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a crane, in particular in the form of a mobile fast-erecting crane, with a stranding and a testing device for testing at least one rope of the stranding for sufficient strength, and a method for testing the stranding of such a crane, wherein at least one rope, in particular the Katzfahrseil, with a Prüfzugkraft is applied.

From the scriptures US 6,250,486 B1 . US 6,145,680 A . CN 202429893 U and KR 2009/0120578 A Cranes are known which have devices in order to achieve an adequate tension of the stranding of the crane or a reduction of pendulum movements.

In the case of cranes, for safety reasons, the question arises again and again about the safety against breakage, in particular also with the cat rope drive for moving the trolley of a tower crane. While in conventional tower cranes with horizontal outriggers in operation a cat's rope break is relatively easy to control by a mechanical-gravity cable rupture protection, which is mounted on the trolley, with such conventional fuses with rocker arms no reliable function can be expected, especially when steeper boom positions of 30 ° or 45 ° to horizontal hazards. Such gravity-operated, mechanical Katzseilbruchsicherungen usually make a mechanical positive connection between the trolley and the boom forth as soon as a hold open of the positive connection due to cable tension loss - as a result of a rope break - is no longer guaranteed. In such a system, however, there are various disturbances that affect a safe function, such as maintenance, steepness of the boom, dynamic effects, weight as the drive, the Hebelarmverhältnisse in a steep position, etc.

According to the tower crane safety standard DIN EN 14 439, it is required in this regard that the trolley must come to a standstill in the event of breakage of a trolley or that the cat-rope drive must be designed correspondingly higher, which then again leads to a higher weight in the area of the boom.

With mobile fast-erecting cranes or so-called taxi cranes, the space requirement and the weight disadvantage of a sufficiently reliable and sturdy conventional, mechanically-gravity-operated cable rupture protection is disadvantageous, since there is a high demand for weight and space optimization.

However, especially in such fast-deployment or taxi cranes, the ropes often do not wear out slowly and steadily in operation under the conditions of use that prevail here, but also because of the heavy demands on assembly and disassembly. Such mobile fast-erecting cranes are regularly assembled and dismantled at frequent intervals, often daily or even several times a day, and rarely only weekly. All the more, any damage from transport or stress during assembly and disassembly must be observed.

The present invention has for its object to provide an improved crane and an improved method for testing the stranding of a crane of the type mentioned, avoid the disadvantages of the prior art and further develop the latter in an advantageous manner. Preferably, a high level of security in a cat rope rupture is to be achieved without buying this with major losses in space requirements and the weight of the crane.

According to the invention, the object is achieved by a method according to claim 1 and a crane according to claim 3. Preferred embodiments of the invention are the subject of the dependent claims.

It is proposed to carry out a rope condition check in the form of a tensile load of the cable drive at the end of a crane installation, but before the crane ever goes into operation with a rope that may have been damaged in a safety-critical manner. According to the invention, the rope is subjected to a test tensile force in a state mounted on the crane, but before activation of the crane operation by a rope tensioning device which is operated in a test mode. As a result, damaged ropes can be detected before the regular crane or lifting operation is recorded. Thus, it can be ensured that an actually safety critical pre-damaged Katzfahrseil would break off during the test load in a still safe crane condition, so that an unsafe situation in crane operation with a ripened rope only once can not arise.

In a further development of the invention, said cable tensioning device does not form a separate auxiliary component used only for the test mode, but is also used in regular crane operation or formed by a functional component used for regular crane operation. In particular, said cable tensioning device may be operated in a crane operating mode in addition to said test mode by tensioning the cable with a crane operating tension less than said test tensile force by said double function of said cable tensioning device said test function can be performed without requiring additional space or to cause extra weight. The rope tensioning device used for crane operation is used at the same time as a test device or in test mode in order to detect damaged, self-aged ropes before commissioning the crane.

The rope tensioning device can advantageously be controlled by a control device which automatically moves the rope tensioning device between the test operating mode and to switch to the crane operating mode, or to control it accordingly in each of said operating modes.

In test mode, the cable tensioning device can advantageously be controlled by test mode control means such that the test tensile force swells, i. rapidly ascending and descending to an operationally occurring Seilkraftspitzenniveau is driven, the swelling reciprocating Prüfzugkraft is advantageously also on the said Seilkraftspitzenniveau also controllable to exert a lying at least slightly above the usual cable force peaks test load on the rope. For example, the Prüfzugkraft swelling in the range of about 80% to 120% reciprocating to the operationally occurring Seilkraftspitzen be driven.

In crane mode of operation, said rope tensioning device may be actuated by crane operation control means which set or control the operating tension applied to the rope to a predetermined set point, said set point being a constant, preselectable value, or alternatively may vary depending on different operating conditions, For example, to the effect that for different boom rocking angle different levels of operating clamping forces are exerted on the rope, for example, in a sharpened boom higher operating clamping force than in a horizontally oriented boom. Depending on the type of crane and the boundary conditions, however, different constellations may be selected.

In a further development of the invention, the crane may comprise a preferably tiltable boom, on which a trolley is movably mounted, which can be moved by means of a Katzfahrseils. Said test device with said cable tensioning device can be assigned to said Katzfahrseil.

The installation situation of the rope tensioning device can in principle be chosen differently or assigned to different rope sections. According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the rope tensioning device an outer run of the trolley rope, which leads from the trolley to a protruding boom end. As a result, in particular the said outer strand of the Katzfahrseils is checked for its strength, which is avoided especially in luffing jibs unpleasant Situaiton that ruptures the heavily loaded outer strand of Katzfahrseils and the trolley raced uncontrollably to the foot of the tipped boom down.

The said rope tensioning device can in principle be designed differently. In a further development of the invention, the cable tensioning device comprises a movably mounted cable deflection roller which can be moved by a positioning actuator in order to be able to change the deflected cable path and thereby the cable tension by moving the deflection roller. The said cable deflection roller can in particular form part of a cable shearing, for example, be part of a simple rope insertion of the Katzfahrseils on the boom of the crane.

Advantageously, the rope tensioning device can be arranged in the interior of the jib or integrated into the jib. In particular, the Katzfahrseil be guided in the interior of the boom to a reeving, of which at least one Seilumlenkrolle is used as a cable tensioning device.

The Stellaktor the rope tensioning device can in principle be designed differently, for example in the form of an electromechanical spindle. In an advantageous embodiment of the invention, a hydraulic cylinder for actuating the cable tensioning device may be provided, which can be controlled by the then hydraulically designed control device.

Figur 1:

Eine schematische Seitenansicht eines Mobilbaukrans, dessen auf einem drehbaren Oberwagen abgestützten Turm einen wippbaren Ausleger mit Laufkatze trägt, und

Figur 2:

eine schematische Darstellung des Katzfahr-Antriebs für die Laufkatze am Ausleger und die dem Katzfahrseil zugeordnete Prüfvorrichtung.

The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to a preferred embodiment and associated drawings. In the drawings show:

FIG. 1:

A schematic side view of a mobile construction crane, which supported on a rotatable superstructure tower carries a luffing boom with trolley, and

FIG. 2:

a schematic representation of the Katzfahr drive for the trolley on the boom and the Katzfahrseil associated testing device.

Mobile tower crane or mobile tower crane in the form of a fast-erecting crane may be formed, comprising a tower 2, which is supported on a revolving platform, which sits on an undercarriage and an upright pivot axis by means of a slewing drive means can be rotated. Said undercarriage may be designed as a truck or otherwise movable, but possibly also a firmly anchored or supported support base.

The tower 2 can carry a boom 3, which can be tilted up and down about a horizontal, transverse rocking axis, cf. FIG. 1 , A rocker drive device provided for this purpose can act on the boom 3, for example, via the guying stranding.

On the said boom 3, a trolley 4 is mounted longitudinally movable, which can be moved by a trolley drive means 13 with a Katzfahrseil 6. About the said trolley 4 can run a hoist rope 5, to which a load harness may be connected, for example in the form of a load hook to lift a load in a known manner. A hoist drive means can drive a hoist drum on which said hoist rope 5 runs.

As FIG. 2 shows closer, the Katzfahrseil 6 may be posted on the trolley 4 and deflected by pulleys 14 at the outer and inner ends of the boom. Between the said pulleys 14, the Katzfahrseil of a drive winch 15th

Furthermore, the Katzfahrseilsystem includes a Seileinscherung 12, which must be simple, can be arranged in the interior of the boom 3 and an outer strand 6a of the trolley 6 or an outer Katzfahrseil 6a assigned can be. Said outer Katzfahrseil 6a leads from the drive winch 15 via the guide roller 14 at the outer, cantilevered boom end to the trolley 4, see. FIG. 2 ,

In the area of cable shingling 12, the Katzfahrseil 6 is guided around two pulleys 10, of which at least one longitudinally adjustable - ie at least approximately - in the longitudinal direction of the Seiltrumabschnitte running between the pulleys or from the pulleys - is adjustable, so that of the Katzfahrseil to be taken rope path or deflection in its length is variable and thus the cable tension is variable.

The adjustable or displaceable Seilumlenkrolle 10 is associated with a Stellaktor 11, which may be formed as a hydraulic actuating cylinder example and can move around the guide roller 10.

FIG. 2 shows in retracted representations retracted and extended positions of the movable Seilumlenkrolle 10, in which the Katzfahrseil is less and more tense, and in a representation with a solid line a middle position in which the Katzfahrseil is slightly stretched.

Said Stellaktor 11 is controlled by a control device 9 which extends the Stellaktor 11 in a test mode or moves so that the Seilumlenkrolle 10 causes a strong rope tension or a Prüfzugkraft on the Katzfahrseil 6. In a crane operating mode, the control device 9 controls the Stellaktor 11 in a position in which the Katzfahrseil 6 is more easily tensioned or acted upon by the desired operating clamping force. This can be adjusted for example by means of a poppet valve with which the hydraulic Stellaktor 11 is driven to a lower pressure level. This lower pressure level during crane operation can be additionally monitored by means of pressure switches and this advantageously chosen so that optimal cable prestressing is ensured after each crane installation for the trolley drive. However, a manual retightening with additional required facilities can be omitted.

The Stellaktor 11 forms together with said Seilumlenkrolle 10 so a rope tensioning device 7, which can be used simultaneously as a test device 8. In the test mode, the Prüfzugkraft is advantageously performed in the manner described above swelling to the operationally occurring Seilspitzenkraftniveau to detect previous damage to the rope and to avoid accidents in regular crane operation.

Claims (11)

1. A method of testing the rope arrangement of a crane (1) in particular of a mobile fast-erecting crane, in which at least one rope (6), in particular trolley rope, is acted on by a test tensile force,
   characterized in that
   the rope (6) is acted on by the test tensile force in a state mounted to the crane before the release of the crane operation by a rope tensioning apparatus (7) that can be operated in a test mode.
2. A method in accordance with the preceding claim, wherein the rope tensioning apparatus (7) is switched into a crane operating mode after the provision of the test tensile force, in which crane operating mode the rope (6) is acted on by the rope tensioning apparatus (7) by a crane operating tensile force that is smaller in comparison with the test tensile force.
3. A crane, in particular a mobile self-erecting crane, having a rope arrangement and having a test apparatus (8) for testing at least one rope (6) of the rope arrangement for sufficient strength,
   characterized in that
   the test apparatus (8) comprises a rope tensioning apparatus (7) that is operable in a test mode in which the rope (6) can be acted on by a test tensile force in a state mounted to the crane.
4. A crane in accordance with the preceding claim, wherein the rope tensioning apparatus (7) is operable, in addition to the named test mode, in a crane operating mode in which the rope (6) can be tensioned by a crane operating tensioning force that is smaller than the test tensile force.
5. A crane in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein a control apparatus (9) is provided for controlling the rope tensioning apparatus (7) and has test mode control means for an automatic switching of the rope tensioning apparatus (7) into the test mode after assembly of the rope and before the release of crane operation.
6. A crane in accordance with the preceding claim, wherein the test tensile force on the rope (6) can be controlled by said mode control means in a rising manner around a peak rope force level occurring in operation and beyond said peak rope force level.
7. A crane in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the crane comprises a boom (3) that is preferably luffable and at which a trolley (4) is movably supported that can be moved by means of a trolley rope (6), with the test apparatus (8) being associated with said trolley rope (6).
8. A crane in accordance with one of the two preceding claims, wherein the control apparatus (9) has crane operation control means, preferably a pressure control valve device, for an automatic control of the crane operation tensioning force exerted on the rope (6) in crane operating mode.
9. A crane in accordance with claim 7, wherein the rope tensioning apparatus (7) acts on an outer run of the trolley rope (6) that leads from the trolley (4) to a projecting boom end.
10. A crane in accordance with one of the preceding claims, wherein the rope tensioning apparatus (7) comprises a movably supported rope pulley (10) that is movable by an actuator (11).
11. A crane in accordance with the preceding claim, wherein said rope pulley (10) forms part of a rope reeving system (12), preferably of a simple rope reeving system (12), at the boom (3) of the crane; and/or wherein the actuator (11) is a hydraulic actuator and the control apparatus (9) is a hydraulic control apparatus.

Images