EP2975256A1 - Injecteur électromagnétique de carburant avec dispositif de freinage hydraulique - Google Patents
Injecteur électromagnétique de carburant avec dispositif de freinage hydraulique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP2975256A1 EP2975256A1 EP15176731.6A EP15176731A EP2975256A1 EP 2975256 A1 EP2975256 A1 EP 2975256A1 EP 15176731 A EP15176731 A EP 15176731A EP 2975256 A1 EP2975256 A1 EP 2975256A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- plunger
- injector
- braking device
- injection valve
- elastic blade
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 83
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 127
- 230000005291 magnetic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 18
- 125000006850 spacer group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000035699 permeability Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000009471 action Effects 0.000 description 9
- 238000003466 welding Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000010355 oscillation Effects 0.000 description 6
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 5
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 description 5
- VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chromium Chemical compound [Cr] VYZAMTAEIAYCRO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 229910052804 chromium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011651 chromium Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000003302 ferromagnetic material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 230000001788 irregular Effects 0.000 description 3
- 230000000284 resting effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000005489 elastic deformation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000009467 reduction Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013016 damping Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000005294 ferromagnetic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005389 magnetism Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000010358 mechanical oscillation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003534 oscillatory effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003973 paint Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000002093 peripheral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000008092 positive effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000004044 response Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000035939 shock Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000000779 smoke Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
- F02M51/0614—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of electromagnets or fixed armature
- F02M51/0617—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of electromagnets or fixed armature having two or more electromagnets
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M51/00—Fuel-injection apparatus characterised by being operated electrically
- F02M51/06—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle
- F02M51/061—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means
- F02M51/0625—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures
- F02M51/0664—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding
- F02M51/0671—Injectors peculiar thereto with means directly operating the valve needle using electromagnetic operating means characterised by arrangement of mobile armatures having a cylindrically or partly cylindrically shaped armature, e.g. entering the winding; having a plate-shaped or undulated armature entering the winding the armature having an elongated valve body attached thereto
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/20—Closing valves mechanically, e.g. arrangements of springs or weights or permanent magnets; Damping of valve lift
- F02M61/205—Means specially adapted for varying the spring tension or assisting the spring force to close the injection-valve, e.g. with damping of valve lift
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/26—Fuel-injection apparatus with elastically deformable elements other than coil springs
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M2200/00—Details of fuel-injection apparatus, not otherwise provided for
- F02M2200/30—Fuel-injection apparatus having mechanical parts, the movement of which is damped
- F02M2200/304—Fuel-injection apparatus having mechanical parts, the movement of which is damped using hydraulic means
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02M—SUPPLYING COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL WITH COMBUSTIBLE MIXTURES OR CONSTITUENTS THEREOF
- F02M61/00—Fuel-injectors not provided for in groups F02M39/00 - F02M57/00 or F02M67/00
- F02M61/16—Details not provided for in, or of interest apart from, the apparatus of groups F02M61/02 - F02M61/14
- F02M61/18—Injection nozzles, e.g. having valve seats; Details of valve member seated ends, not otherwise provided for
- F02M61/188—Spherical or partly spherical shaped valve member ends
Definitions
- the present invention relates to an electromagnetic fuel injector.
- an electromagnetic fuel injector (e.g. of the type described in patent application EP1619384A2 ) comprises a cylindrical tubular body having a central supply channel, which has a fuel conveying function, and ends with an injection nozzle adjusted by an injection valve controlled by an electromagnetic actuator.
- the injection valve is provided with a plunger, which is displaced by the action of the electromagnetic actuator itself between a closing position and an opening position of the injection nozzle against the bias of a closing spring, which tends to maintain the plunger in the closing position.
- the electromagnetic actuator is normally provided with a closing spring which pushes the plunger towards the closing position and an electromagnet which pushes the plunger towards the opening position against the elastic force generated by the spring.
- the electromagnet comprises a coil, which is externally arranged in a fixed position about the tubular body, a mobile armature, which is rigidly connected to the plunger and is moveably mounted inside the tubular body, and a fixed magnetic pole, which is made of ferromagnetic material, arranged within the tubular body at the coil and adapted to attract the mobile armature magnetically.
- the magnetic pole has a central through hole with the function of allowing fuel to flow towards the injection nozzle.
- the closing spring is arranged inside the central hole and is compressed between a perforated catch body driven into the central hole and the mobile armature to push the mobile armature, and thus the plunger integral with the mobile armature, towards the closing position of the injection nozzle.
- Otto cycle i.e. spark ignited engines
- thermal engines require to increase the fuel supply pressure (even in excess of 60-70 Mpa) to improve the mixing of fuel with the supporter of combustion (i.e. the air aspired in the cylinders) and thus reduce the generation of black smoke (which indicates poor combustion) and to increase the dynamic performance of the electromagnetic injectors (i.e. to increase the response speed of the electromagnetic injectors to commands) to be able to inject small amounts of fuel with the goal of fractionating the fuel injection into multiple separate injections (the generation of polluting substances during combustion can be reduced in this manner).
- an autoclave force of hydraulic origin pushes on the shutter and keeps the shutter in the closing position (obviously, the higher the fuel supply pressure, the higher the autoclave force).
- the electromagnetic actuator in order to be able to open the injection valve, the electromagnetic actuator must generate a force which overcomes the autoclave force added to the elastic force exerted by the closing spring on the plunger; however, the autoclave force suddenly disappears as soon as the injection valve opens, thus the injection valve opens very rapidly and violently with an extremely fast movement of the plunger.
- Such a fast and violent opening of the injection valve determines a very steep and often irregular ramp in the initial part (named ballistic zone) of the injection law of the injector (i.e. the law which binds the actuation time, i.e. the control time, to the amount of injected fuel).
- European patent 14164844.4 suggests to use a hydraulic braking device which is coupled to the mobile armature of the electromagnet and has the function of hydraulically dissipating kinetic energy to decelerate the opening travel of the plunger when the plunger is moved towards the opening position of the injection valve.
- the hydraulic braking device comprises a series of valve elements, each of which is coupled to a corresponding supply hole of the mobile armature (through which the fuel flows towards the injection nozzle) and has a different permeability to the passage of the fuel as a function of the direction of displacement of the plunger (i.e. if the plunger is closing or opening the injection valve).
- each valve element comprises an elastic blade, which is partially fixed to an upper face of the mobile armature and has a small size calibrated hole arranged at the supply hole.
- the action of the braking device described above determines a deceleration of the opening movement (i.e. the upward movement) of the plunger, because it determines a hydraulic dissipation of the kinetic energy possessed by the plunger.
- a deceleration action determined by the hydraulic braking device described above is particularly valuable, because it prevents the injection valve from opening very rapidly and violently with an extremely fast upward movement of the plunger; substantially, by virtue of the presence of the hydraulic braking device described above, the opening of the injection valve is decelerated to the advantage of improved controllability (i.e. higher accuracy and repeatability) of fuel injection in the ballistic zone of the injection law.
- the deceleration action of the hydraulic braking device described above may have an irregular operation in the initial part (i.e. in the ballistic zone) of the injection law substantially due to the fact that the elastic blades which form the valve elements move during the movement of the mobile armature with oscillatory movements which are exhausted only after the initial part (i.e. the ballistic zone) of the injection law has ended.
- Patent application EP1039122A1 is the closest prior art and describes an electromagnetic fuel injector as established in the pre-characterizing part of independent claim 1.
- an electromagnetic fuel injector is made as disclosed in the appended claims.
- reference numeral 1 indicates as a whole a fuel injector, which has an essentially cylindrical symmetry about a longitudinal axis 2 and is adapted to be controlled to inject fuel from an injection nozzle 3 which leads directly into a combustion chamber (not shown) of a cylinder.
- the injector 1 comprises a supporting body 4, which has a variable section cylindrical tubular shape along the longitudinal axis 2, and a supply channel 5 which extends along the entire length of supporting body 4 itself to supply pressurized fuel towards injection nozzle 3.
- the supporting body 4 houses an electromagnetic actuator 6 at an upper portion thereof and an injection valve 7 (shown in greater detail in figure 2 ) at a lower portion thereof; in use, the injection valve 7 is actuated by the electromagnetic actuator 6 to adjust the fuel flow through the injection nozzle 3, which is obtained at the injection valve 7 itself.
- the electromagnetic actuator 6 comprises a pair of twin electromagnets 8 (upper and lower, respectively), which are activated together to work simultaneously.
- each electromagnet 8 is adapted to displace a respective mobile armature 9 made of ferromagnetic material along the axis 2 from a closing position to an opening position of the injection valve 7 against the bias of a single common closing spring 10 which tends to keep the mobile armature 9 in the closing position of the injection valve 7.
- Each electromagnet 8 comprises a coil 11, which is electrically supplied by a control unit (not shown) and is housed externally with respect to supporting body 4, and a magnetic armature 12 (or magnetic pole 12), which is housed in the supporting body 4 and has a central hole 13 to allow the fuel to flow towards the injection nozzle 3.
- a catch body 14 shown in figure 1 ), which has a tubular cylindrical shape (possibly open along a generating line) to allow the fuel flow towards injection nozzle 3 and is adapted to keep common spring 10 compressed against mobile armature 9 of the upper electromagnet 8, is driven into the central hole 13 of the magnetic armature 12 of the electromagnet 8.
- Each coil 11 is wound directly inside an annular cavity 15 thereof, which is obtained by stock removal in the outer surface of the supporting body 4.
- Each coil 11 consists of a enameled conductor wire provided with a self-bonding paint and has an axial dimension (i.e. a dimension measured along the longitudinal axis 2) contained to minimize the dispersed magnetic fluxes.
- a protection body 16 is coupled about the supporting body 4, which protection body has a tubular shape and is used to guarantee suitable mechanical protection to the coils 11, to allow to close the magnetic flux lines generated by the coils 11 and to increase the mechanical strength of the supporting body 4 at structural weak points which are inevitably introduced by the presence of the cavities 15.
- the mobile armatures 9 are part of a mobile equipment, which further comprises a shutter or plunger 17, having an upper portion integral with each mobile armature 9 and a lower portion cooperating with a valve seat 18 (shown in figure 2 ) of the injection valve 7 to adjust the fuel flow through injection nozzle 3 in known manner.
- each mobile armature 9 In use, when the electromagnets 8 are de-energized, each mobile armature 9 is not attracted by its magnetic armature 12 and the elastic force of the spring 10 pushes the mobile armatures 9 together with the plunger 17 downwards; the injection valve 7 is closed in this situation.
- each mobile armature 9 When the electromagnets 8 are energized, each mobile armature 9 is magnetically attracted by its magnetic armature 12 against the elastic force of the spring 10 and the mobile armatures 9 together with the plunger 17 move upwards to determine the opening of the injection valve 7.
- the effective travel of the mobile armature 9 of the upper electromagnet 8 is shorter than the effective travel of the mobile armature 9 of the lower electromagnet 8. In this manner, when the electromagnets 8 are energized, only the mobile armature 9 of the upper electromagnet 8 will ever come into contact and abut with its magnetic armature 12 regardless of inevitable construction tolerances.
- either the lower surface of the armature 12 or the upper surface of the mobile armature 9 is coated with a layer of hard, non-ferromagnetic metallic material, preferably chromium; in this manner, the thickness of the chromium layer determines the reduction of the effective travel of the mobile armature 9 of the upper electromagnet 8.
- Further functions of the chromium layer are increasing the shock resistance of the zone and above all avoiding magnetic sticking phenomena caused by a direct contact between the ferromagnetic material of the mobile armature 9 and the ferromagnetic material of the armature 12.
- the chromium layer defines a gap, which prevents the magnetic attraction forces caused by the residual magnetism between the mobile armature 9 and the armature 12 from reaching excessively high values, i.e. higher than the elastic force of the spring 10.
- the plunger 9 of the upper electromagnet 8 is subjected to precision mechanical machining to have a calibrated outer diameter which is substantially equal (obviously rounded down) to the inner diameter of the supply channel 5; on the contrary, the mobile armature 9 of the lower electromagnet 8 has a non-calibrated outer diameter which is always smaller than the inner diameter of the supply channel 5. In this manner, only the mobile armature 9 of the upper electromagnet 8 performs the upper guiding function of the plunger 17 to control the axial sliding of the plunger 17 along the longitudinal axis 2. Such a constructive choice allows to reduce manufacturing costs, because only the mobile armature 9 of the upper electromagnet 8 must be subjected to precision, and thus costly, mechanical machining.
- the valve seat 18 is defined in a sealing element 19, which is monolithic, seals the bottom of the supply channel 5 of the supporting body 4, and is crossed by the injection nozzle 3.
- the sealing element 19 comprises a disc-shaped plugging element 20, which seals the bottom of the supply channel 5 of the supporting body 4 and is crossed by the injection nozzle 3.
- a guiding element 21 rises from the capping element 20, which guiding element has a tubular shape, houses within a plunger 17 to define a lower guide of the plunger 17 itself and has an outer diameter which is smaller than the inner diameter of the supply channel 5 of the supporting body 4, so as to define an outer annular channel 22 through which the pressurized fuel may flow.
- the supply holes 23 are made in the lower part of the guiding element 21.
- the supply holes 23 may be either offset with respect to a longitudinal axis 2 so as not to converge towards longitudinal axis 2 itself and to impress a vortical flow to the corresponding fuel flows in use, or the supply holes 23 may converge towards the longitudinal axis 2.
- the supply holes 23 are arranged inclined at an 80° angle (more in general comprised between 70° and 90°) with the longitudinal axis 2; according to a different embodiment (not shown), the supply holes 23 form a 90° angle with the longitudinal axis 2.
- the plunger 17 ends with a substantially spherical shutter head 24, which is adapted to rest in fluid-tight manner against the valve seat 18; alternatively, the shutter head 24 may be substantially cylinder shaped and only the abutment zone may be spherical. Furthermore, the shutter head 24 slidingly rests on an inner surface of the guiding element 21 so as to be guided in its movement along longitudinal axis 2.
- the injection nozzle 3 is defined by a plurality of through injection holes 25 which are obtained starting from an injection chamber 26 arranged downstream of the valve seat 18.
- each mobile armature 9 is cylinder shaped and has a central through hole 29 adapted to receive a portion of the plunger 17 and a plurality of peripheral through supply holes 30 (only two of which are shown in figure 3 ) adapted to allow the flow of fuel towards the injection nozzle 3.
- the plunger 17 is made integral to each mobile armature 9 by means of an annular welding which surrounds the central hole 29.
- the outer diameter of the mobile armature 9 of the upper electromagnet 8 is substantially identical to the inner diameter of the corresponding portion of the supply channel 5 of the supporting body 4; in this manner, such a mobile armature 9 may slide with respect to the supporting body 4 along the longitudinal axis 2, but cannot perform any movement transverse to the longitudinal axis 2 with respect to the supporting body 4.
- the plunger 17 rigidly connected to the mobile armature 9 of the upper electromagnet 8 it is apparent that such a mobile armature 9 also performs the function of upper guide of the plunger 17; consequently, the plunger 17 is guided by the mobile armature 9 of the upper electromagnet 8 on the top and by the guiding element 21 on the bottom.
- a hydraulic braking device 31 is connected to the upper face of the upper mobile armature 9 (i.e. to the mobile armature 9 of the upper electromagnet 8) to brake (decelerate) the movement of the plunger 9 both when the plunger 17 moves from the opening position to the closing position of the injection valve 7 and when the plunger 17 moves from the closing position to the opening position of the injection valve 7.
- the hydraulic braking device 31 brakes (decelerates) the movement of the plunger 17 to limit the elastic rebound of the plunger 17 against the valve seat 18 (i.e. during this step, the hydraulic braking device 31 performs an anti-rebound function).
- the hydraulic braking device 31 brakes (decelerates) the movement of the plunger 17 to limit the opening speed of the injection valve 7.
- the hydraulic braking device 31 comprises a plurality of valve elements 32, each of which is coupled to a respective supply hole 30 of the upper mobile armature 9 and has a different permeability to the passage of the fuel as a function of the movement of the plunger 17 (i.e. if the plunger 17 is closing or opening the injection valve 7).
- each valve element 32 comprises an elastic blade 33, which is partially fixed to a lower surface 34 of the mobile armature 9 only on one side of the respective supply hole 30 and has a small-sized calibrated hole 35 size aligned with the supply hole 30 itself.
- each valve element 32 has a stop element 36, which is rigid (i.e.
- each stop element 36 forms a limit stop which limits (interrupts) the movement of the elastic blade 33 from the corresponding supply hole 30 (i.e. from the lower surface 34 of the mobile armature 9) establishing a maximum opening position of the elastic blade 33 itself.
- the stop element 36 determines the maximum opening travel of the elastic blade 33 of each valve element 32, and thus determines the fuel passage section through each valve element 32.
- a spacer 37 is arranged between each elastic blade 33 and the corresponding stop element 36 which spacer has a calibrated thickness and establishes in certain manner the axial distance (i.e. measured along the longitudinal axis 2) existing between the elastic blade 33 and the corresponding stop element 36.
- annular crown 38 is provided which is fixed to the lower surface 34 of the upper mobile armature 9 by welding (preferably by means of laser spot welding) and supports the elastic blades 33 of the valve elements 32.
- the elastic blades 33 extend from the annular crown 38 inwards (i.e. towards the corresponding supply holes 30), each elastic blade having an annular shutter arranged at the respective supply hole 30 and a thin stem (i.e. having a significantly greater length than its width) which connects the circular shutter to the annular crown 38 and which is adapted to be deformed under the bias of the fuel.
- the deformation which occurs in use under the bias of the fuel is substantially caused by the elastic deformation of the corresponding stem (while the corresponding circular shutter has a more modest elastic deformation).
- the spacer 37 is shaped as an annular crown which is superimposed on the annular crown 38 supporting the elastic blades 33 of the valve elements 32.
- annular crown 39 is provided which is fixed to the annular crown 38 supporting the elastic blades 33 of the valve elements 32 with the interposition of the spacer 37 and supports the stop elements 36 which overhangingly protrude towards the inside from the annular crown 39 itself.
- annular crown 38 supporting the elastic blades 33 of the valve elements 32, the spacer 37 and the annular crown 39 supporting the stop elements 36 are sandwiched to one another (i.e. superimposed and packed) and preferably joined by welding (normally by means of laser spot welding) to form a single body.
- the annular crown 38 supporting the elastic blades 33 of the valve elements 32, the spacer 37 and the annular crown 39 supporting the stop elements 36 each have a pair of mutually opposite centering recesses 40 which ensure a correct positioning of the fuel injector 1 in the supporting body 4.
- the hydraulic braking device 31 decelerates the opening movement of the plunger 17, i.e. the movement with which the plunger 17 moves from the closing position to the opening position of the injection valve 7.
- the hydraulic braking device 31 determines a hydraulic dissipation of the kinetic energy possessed by the plunger 17 (i.e. generates a braking force of hydraulic origin which works on the plunger 17).
- the fuel flows downwards, i.e.
- each valve element 32 is deformed under the bias of the fuel becoming detached from the lower surface 34 of the upper mobile armature 9 and resting on the stop element 36 (as shown in figure 9 ) creating an annular fuel passage gap of calibrated size which locally causes a "bottleneck" to the flow of fuel and determines the onset of significant losses of hydraulic load (such losses of hydraulic load dissipate part of the kinetic energy possessed by the plunger 17 and thus hydraulically decelerate the movement of the plunger 17 itself).
- Such a deceleration action determined by the hydraulic braking device 31 is particularly valuable, because it prevents the injection valve 7 from opening very rapidly and violently with an extremely fast upward movement of the plunger 17; substantially, by virtue of the presence of the hydraulic braking device 31 the opening of the injection valve 7 is decelerated to the benefit of greater controllability (i.e. better accuracy and repeatability) of the fuel injection in the ballistic zone of the injection law (i.e. the law which binds the actuation time, i.e. the control time, to the amount of injected fuel).
- the action of the hydraulic braking device 31 allows to stabilize the initial part (i.e. the ballistic zone) of the injection law.
- the hydraulic braking device 31 decelerates the closing movement of the plunger 17, i.e. the movement with which the plunger 17 moves from the opening position to the closing position of the injection valve 7.
- the hydraulic braking device 31 determines a hydraulic dissipation of the kinetic energy possessed by the plunger 17 (i.e. generates a braking force of hydraulic origin which works on the plunger 17).
- the fuel flow upwards i.e.
- each valve element 32 in the direction opposite to the injection nozzle 3, the elastic blade 33 of each valve element 32 is pressed under the bias of the fuel against the lower surface 34 of the upper mobile armature 9 leaving its calibrated hole 35 as the only opening for the fuel.
- the forced passage of fuel through each calibrated hole 35 locally causes a "bottleneck" to the flow of fuel which determines the onset of significant losses of hydraulic load (such losses of hydraulic load dissipate part of the kinetic energy possessed by the plunger 17 and thus hydraulically decelerate the movement of the plunger 17 itself).
- the same hydraulic braking device 31 decelerates the opening movement of the plunger 17, i.e. the movement with which the plunger 17 moves from the closing position to the opening position of the injection valve 7, and the closing position of the plunger 17, i.e. the movement with which the plunger 17 moves from the opening position to the closing position of the injection valve 7.
- the hydraulic braking device 31 is an asymmetric damping system of the kinetic energy possessed by the mobile armature 9 of the upper electromagnet 8 which brakes the closing movement of the plunger 17 more than the opening movement of the plunger 17; indeed, the passage area of the annular gap delimited on one side by the lower surface 34 of the upper mobile armature 9 and on the opposite side by the elastic blade 33 of each valve element 32 is significantly greater than the passage area of the corresponding calibrated hole 35.
- the hydraulic braking device 31 hydraulically dissipates kinetic energy (i.e. generates a braking force) to decelerate the travel of plunger 17 both when the plunger 17 moves towards an opening position of the injection valve 7 and when the plunger 17 moves towards a closing position of the injection valve 7.
- the hydraulic braking device 31 has an asymmetrical behavior and, when the plunger 17 moves towards the closing position of the injection valve 7, it hydraulically dissipates a greater amount of kinetic energy than when the plunger 17 moves towards the opening position of the injection valve 7; i.e.
- the hydraulic braking device 31 has an asymmetrical behavior and, when the plunger 17 moves towards the closing position of the injection valve 7, it hydraulically generates a braking force greater than when the plunger 17 moves towards the opening position of the injection valve 7.
- the hydraulic braking device 31 hydraulically dissipates an amount of kinetic energy when the plunger 17 moves towards the closing position of the injection valve 7 which is comprised between 1.25 and 5 times (preferably 1.25 and 2.5 times) the amount of kinetic energy hydraulically dissipated when the plunger 17 moves towards the opening position of the injection valve 7; i.e.
- the hydraulic braking device 31 hydraulically generates a braking force when the plunger 17 moves towards the closed position of the injection valve 7 which is comprised between 1.5 and 10 times (preferably 1.5 and 5 times) the braking force which is hydraulically generated when the plunger 17 moves towards the opening position of the injection valve 7.
- the same hydraulic braking device 31 has both the function of decelerating the opening movement of the plunger 17, i.e. the movement with which the plunger 17 moves from the closing position to the opening position of the injection valve 7, and of decelerating the closing movement of the plunger 17, i.e. the movement with which the plunger 17 moves from the opening position to the closing position of the injection valve 7 (anti-rebound function).
- the hydraulic braking device 31 has only the function of decelerating the opening movement of the plunger 17, i.e.
- a further hydraulic braking device is provided, which is arranged at an upper surface of the mobile armature 9 of the upper electromagnet 8 (i.e. on the side opposite to the hydraulic braking device 31) and has the function of decelerating the closing movement of the plunger 17, i.e. the movement with which the plunger 17 moves from the opening position to the closing position of the injection valve 7 (anti-rebound function).
- the mechanical inertia of the two braking devices of hydraulic type are differentiated so as to make the hydraulic braking device 31 intervene more rapidly when operating during the opening movement of the plunger 17 and to make the other hydraulic braking device intervene more slowly during the closing movement of the plunger 17 (i.e. which operates as anti-rebound).
- the plunger 9 of the upper electromagnet 8 is the only upper guide of the plunger 17 and supports the hydraulic braking device 31.
- the hydraulic braking device 31 is preferably coupled to the mobile armature 9 of the upper electromagnet 8, because such a mobile armature 9 provides for a better lateral hydraulic sealing with respect to the inner surface of the supply channel 5 (i.e. less lateral leakage of the fuel) and thus allows to obtain a better operation of the hydraulic braking device 31 itself.
- the mobile armature 9 of the lower electromagnet 8 forms the only upper guide of the plunger 17 and thus, in this case, the hydraulic braking device 31 would be preferably coupled to the mobile armature 9 of the lower electromagnet 8.
- both mobile armatures 9 could form the two upper guides of the plunger 17 and thus, in this case, the hydraulic braking device 31 could be indifferently coupled either to the plunger 9 of the lower electromagnet 8 or to the mobile armature 9 of the upper electromagnet 8.
- the plunger 17 has a cylindrical symmetry stem, to which the substantially spherical shutter head 24 is connected by means of an annular welding.
- the stem is connected to each mobile armature 9 by means of an annular welding.
- the fuel injector 1 described above has many advantages.
- the fuel injector 1 described above has a linear, uniform (i.e. without irregularities) injection law (i.e. the law which links the driving time to the amount of fuel injected), also for short driving times (i.e. in the ballistic zone) and thus for small amounts of injected fuel.
- injection law i.e. the law which links the driving time to the amount of fuel injected
- short driving times i.e. in the ballistic zone
- the thickness of the spacer 37 i.e. replacing one spacer 37 with another spacer 37 of different thickness
- the diameter of the calibrated holes 35 of the elastic blades 33 of the hydraulic braking device 31 it is possible to adjust the intensity of the braking action of the hydraulic braking device 31 as a consequence during the closing movement of the plunger 17 (anti-rebound function).
- the fuel injector 1 described above is particularly stable also by virtue of the fact that the hydraulic braking device 31 is not very sensitive to fuel pressure oscillations because the elastic blades 33 of the hydraulic braking device 31 are not substantially subject to mechanical oscillations (i.e. to vibration) by effect of the presence of the corresponding stop elements 36.
- the elastic blades 33 may also be extremely light (i.e. with low mechanical inertia) and thus allow a very rapid intervention of the hydraulic braking device 31.
- the hydraulic braking device 31 works by decelerating the movement of the plunger 17 both during the opening movement and during the closing movement allowing to eliminate the rebounds of the plunger 17 during the opening movement (i.e. eliminating the rebounds deriving from the impact of the upper mobile armature 9 against the corresponding magnetic armature 12), and in the closing movement (i.e. eliminating the rebounds deriving from the impact of the shutter head 24 against the valve seat 18).
- the linearity and the uniformity (i.e. the repeatability) of the injection law is substantially improved also in case of short control times (i.e. in the ballistic zone).
- the noise generated by the fuel injector 1 described above during its operation is significantly decreased by virtue of the complete lack of appreciable rebounds of the plunger 17 in the opening movement and in the closing movement.
- the fuel injector 1 described above also allows to reduce the collision forces of the plunger 17 both during the step of opening (i.e. the collision forces deriving from the impact of the upper mobile armature 9 against the corresponding magnetic armature 12), and during the step of closing (i.e. the collision forces deriving from the impact of the shutter head 24 against the valve seat 18) in significant manner; the collision force reduction of the plunger 17 allows to reduce mechanical wear and thus increase the working lifespan on the fuel injector 1 described above.
- the fuel flows towards the injection nozzle 3 through the supply holes 30 of the upper mobile armature 9 (i.e. the mobile armature 9 of the upper electromagnet 8) and thus passing through the corresponding valve elements 32 in which the elastic blades 33 are detached from the lower surface 34 of the upper mobile armature 9 and rest on the stop elements 36 (as shown in figure 9 ) defining corresponding annular gaps through which the fuel must pass.
- the upper mobile armature 9 i.e. the mobile armature 9 of the upper electromagnet 8
- the passage of fuel through the open valve elements 32 causes a hydraulic dissipation of part of the kinetic energy possessed by the plunger 17 generating as a consequence a braking force which positively decelerates the opening movement of the plunger 17 itself.
- the fuel passage through the open valve elements 32 causes a small but not negligible loss of load straddling the valve elements 32 (i.e.
- the fuel pressure over the upper mobile armature 9 is higher than the fuel pressure under the upper mobile armature 9); such a pressure difference (which is small but not negligible) straddling the upper mobile armature 9 acts on the entire surface of the upper mobile armature 9 and generates an autoclave force of hydraulic origin (having intensity equal to the pressure difference straddling the upper mobile armature 9 multiplied by the area of the upper mobile armature 9) which pushes the upper mobile armature 9 towards the injection nozzle 3, i.e. pushes the plunger 17 towards the closing position of the injection valve 7.
- This autoclave force of hydraulic origin which exists when the injection valve 7 is open and pushes the plunger 17 towards the closing position of the injection valve 7 has a positive effect, because it is added to the elastic force generated by the closing spring 10 and contributes to accelerating the closing of the injection valve 7 when the electromagnetic actuator 6 is switched off (i.e. this autoclave force of hydraulic origin substantially reduces the closing time of the injection valve 7 when the electromagnetic actuator 6 is switched off).
- the closing spring 10 can be undersized (i.e. a closing spring 10 with a low elastic load can be used) and consequently the electromagnetic force generated by the electromagnetic actuator 6 can be reduced (i.e. a smaller electromagnetic actuator 6, and thus lighter, more economical and with less mechanical or magnetic inertia can be used).
- the fuel injector 1 described above is simple and cost-effective to make because a single component (the hydraulic braking device 31) performs the hydraulic braking device both during the opening movement of the plunger 17 and during the closing movement of the plunger 17.
- the hydraulic braking device 31 performs functions which in similar known fuel injectors are performed by two different, separate devices to the advantage of overall cost-effectiveness and simplicity of assembly.
- the performance of the fuel injector 1 described above is extremely dynamic (i.e. the injection valve 7 can be opened and closed very rapidly) even when the fuel supply pressure is high (even higher than 60-70 Mpa).
- the injection valve 7 can be opened and closed very rapidly
- the fuel supply pressure even higher than 60-70 Mpa.
- the fuel injector 1 described above may be used to inject any type of fuel in internal combustion engines operating according to the Otto cycle (i.e with spark controlled ignition of the mixture) or in fuel injectors operating according to the Diesel cycle (i.e. with compressed injection of the mixture).
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fuel-Injection Apparatus (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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ITBO20140404 | 2014-07-14 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2975256A1 true EP2975256A1 (fr) | 2016-01-20 |
EP2975256B1 EP2975256B1 (fr) | 2016-07-27 |
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ID=51662193
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
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EP15176731.6A Active EP2975256B1 (fr) | 2014-07-14 | 2015-07-14 | Injecteur électromagnétique de carburant avec dispositif de freinage hydraulique |
Country Status (2)
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EP (1) | EP2975256B1 (fr) |
JP (1) | JP6639820B2 (fr) |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3267026A1 (fr) * | 2016-07-08 | 2018-01-10 | Continental Automotive GmbH | Ensemble de soupape pour soupape d'injection et soupape d'injection |
US11319911B2 (en) | 2017-01-27 | 2022-05-03 | Denso Corporation | Fuel injection valve |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JP7143715B2 (ja) | 2018-10-05 | 2022-09-29 | 株式会社デンソー | 燃料噴射弁およびエンジンシステム |
JP7197383B2 (ja) * | 2019-01-28 | 2022-12-27 | 株式会社Soken | 燃料噴射装置 |
Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1039122A1 (fr) | 1999-03-26 | 2000-09-27 | MAGNETI MARELLI S.p.A. | Injecteur à combustible |
DE10050590A1 (de) * | 1999-10-26 | 2001-05-03 | Aisan Ind | Kraftstoffeinspritzventil |
EP1619384A2 (fr) | 2004-07-23 | 2006-01-25 | Magneti Marelli Powertrain S.p.A. | Injecteur de carburant comportant une aiguille de grande flexibilité |
EP1650428A2 (fr) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-04-26 | Magneti Marelli Powertrain S.p.A. | Injecteur avec actionnement électromagnétique de l'aiguille |
DE102009056135A1 (de) * | 2009-11-27 | 2011-06-01 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Dichtung mit einem Ventilelement |
EP2508744A1 (fr) * | 2011-04-07 | 2012-10-10 | Magneti Marelli S.p.A. | Pompe à combustible silencieuse pour système à injection directe |
Family Cites Families (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
JPH0337273U (fr) * | 1989-08-25 | 1991-04-11 |
-
2015
- 2015-07-14 EP EP15176731.6A patent/EP2975256B1/fr active Active
- 2015-07-14 JP JP2015140417A patent/JP6639820B2/ja active Active
Patent Citations (6)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP1039122A1 (fr) | 1999-03-26 | 2000-09-27 | MAGNETI MARELLI S.p.A. | Injecteur à combustible |
DE10050590A1 (de) * | 1999-10-26 | 2001-05-03 | Aisan Ind | Kraftstoffeinspritzventil |
EP1619384A2 (fr) | 2004-07-23 | 2006-01-25 | Magneti Marelli Powertrain S.p.A. | Injecteur de carburant comportant une aiguille de grande flexibilité |
EP1650428A2 (fr) * | 2004-10-20 | 2006-04-26 | Magneti Marelli Powertrain S.p.A. | Injecteur avec actionnement électromagnétique de l'aiguille |
DE102009056135A1 (de) * | 2009-11-27 | 2011-06-01 | Dr. Ing. H.C. F. Porsche Aktiengesellschaft | Dichtung mit einem Ventilelement |
EP2508744A1 (fr) * | 2011-04-07 | 2012-10-10 | Magneti Marelli S.p.A. | Pompe à combustible silencieuse pour système à injection directe |
Cited By (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP3267026A1 (fr) * | 2016-07-08 | 2018-01-10 | Continental Automotive GmbH | Ensemble de soupape pour soupape d'injection et soupape d'injection |
CN107587963A (zh) * | 2016-07-08 | 2018-01-16 | 大陆汽车有限公司 | 用于喷射阀的阀组件以及喷射阀 |
KR20180006300A (ko) * | 2016-07-08 | 2018-01-17 | 콘티넨탈 오토모티브 게엠베하 | 분사 밸브용 밸브 조립체 및 분사 밸브 |
KR101967982B1 (ko) | 2016-07-08 | 2019-04-10 | 콘티넨탈 오토모티브 게엠베하 | 분사 밸브용 밸브 조립체 및 분사 밸브 |
CN107587963B (zh) * | 2016-07-08 | 2019-11-15 | 大陆汽车有限公司 | 用于喷射阀的阀组件以及喷射阀 |
US10550809B2 (en) | 2016-07-08 | 2020-02-04 | Vitesco Technologies GmbH | Valve assembly for an injection valve and injection valve |
US11319911B2 (en) | 2017-01-27 | 2022-05-03 | Denso Corporation | Fuel injection valve |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JP6639820B2 (ja) | 2020-02-05 |
EP2975256B1 (fr) | 2016-07-27 |
JP2016048066A (ja) | 2016-04-07 |
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