Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
  • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/28—Means for mounting or fastening rotating magnetic parts on to, or to, the rotor structures
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
  • H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/27—Rotor cores with permanent magnets
  • H02K1/2706—Inner rotors
  • H02K1/272—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis
  • H02K1/274—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets
  • H02K1/2753—Inner rotors the magnetisation axis of the magnets being perpendicular to the rotor axis the rotor consisting of two or more circumferentially positioned magnets the rotor consisting of magnets or groups of magnets arranged with alternating polarity
  • H02K1/276—Magnets embedded in the magnetic core, e.g. interior permanent magnets [IPM]
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
  • H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
  • H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
  • H02K1/17—Stator cores with permanent magnets

Definitions

• the present invention relates to the field of rotating electrical machines and in particular those comprising a rotor or stator with flux concentration, and more particularly but not exclusively those comprising a rotor composed of a magnetic mass being itself a thin magnetic sheet assembly. cut (preferably 0.65 to 0.25 mm thick) and permanent magnets of various geometric shapes.
• the permanent magnets can be arranged on the surface, directly facing the air gap or, alternatively, be placed inside the magnetic mass, in housing of the latter, then being called "buried".
• this blocking must be sufficient to prevent damage to the magnets and allow the proper operation of the machine. Indeed, in case of insufficient stalling, the magnets can be subjected to micro-displacements, which can lead to the destruction of the magnets, degradation of the electrical and magnetic performance of the machine and a defect balancing.
• the rotor comprises resilient support tongues which are configured to circumferentially provide spaces on either side of the permanent magnets.
• the application JP 2010-098853 relates to a dual-stator motor in which the rotor comprises permanent magnets inserted in housings between narrow portions of the magnetic mass.
• JP 2007-037202 relates to a rotor having end plates having projections that can be plastically deformed to maintain the permanent magnet in position.
• polar face of a magnet is meant a face of the magnet which is magnetized with an identical polarity, thus forming the North or South pole of the magnet.
• the mounting constraints require a certain clearance to be maintained between the magnets and the housings of the magnetic mass, so as to facilitate the insertion of the magnets into the latter, especially when the magnetic mass is formed of a stack of sheets. magnetic thin. Indeed, in this case, the walls of the magnetic mass may not be perfectly straight in view of the fact that they consist of a stack of thin sheets, which may require an even greater mounting clearance.
• a tolerance range of 0.2 mm in the dimensions of the magnets may conventionally be used, so that it may be necessary to provide a minimum clearance of 0.15 mm on each side of the magnets for mounting. , in addition to the tolerance due to the design of the magnetic mass.
• the sets of magnets of the different rows add up and thus weaken the magnetic performance of the machine.
• the invention thus has, according to one of its aspects, a rotating electrical machine, comprising:
• a magnetic mass in particular a rotor, comprising first housings,
• First housing means a housing in which is inserted at least one permanent magnet. As will be seen below, a first housing may be free of holds or include, for example one or two. By “second housing” is meant a housing devoid of permanent magnet. As will be seen below, a second housing may be free of shims or include, for example one or two.
• the presence of the wedges in the housing of the magnetic mass, whether in the first or the second housing, makes it possible to block the permanent magnets in their first housing, whether by the deformation of the holds in the first housing, by the deformation shims in the second housing, which leads to a deformation of the first housing receiving the magnets and / or deformation of the material of the magnetic mass, by wedge effect when inserting the wedges.
• the magnetic mass is preferably made of a relatively deformable material, commonly soft iron, which can easily adapt by plastic deformation to match the shape of the magnet and / or wedges received in the corresponding housing. This deformation can take place in the plane of each magnetic sheet, when the magnetic mass comprises a packet of magnetic sheets.
• a shim makes it possible to guarantee, in an easy, safe and inexpensive manner, the satisfactory maintenance of the magnet in its housing after insertion of the shim and possible expansion of the shim, for example in this housing, between magnet and a wall of said housing.
• the machine according to the invention eliminates assembly games and tolerate significant play in the manufacture of magnets and magnetic mass. It also makes it possible to avoid friction problems when inserting the magnets into their housings and also to remove an operation of impregnating the rotor or bonding the magnets.
• the wedges are deformable.
• the shim is configured to undergo a change of shape after insertion into the housing.
• the deformation can be obtained by a variation of one of the dimensions, for example its diameter, its length, its width, or its height, and / or a change of its shape, for example a flattening or an elongation, or a change of curvature.
• a dimension of the shim can undergo a variation of at least 10%, even 20%, to cause the blocking of the desired magnet.
• the wedges may have a rivet shape, for example a step rivet or a rivet without a floor, a rivet with a break or striking, an insertion rivet, a pin shape, for example an elastic pin, an ankle shape , being for example an expansive peg, or a form of flat spring or hairpin.
• the wedges may also be composed of a rigid rotating notched core and an expandable envelope under the effect of the rotation of the core, arranged to prevent the return of the core in the opposite direction at the end of its rotation causing the expansion of the core. 'envelope.
• the shims are preferably rivets.
• the head of the rivet or ankle may be round, milled, cylindrical, flat, domed.
• the wedge is devoid of a head.
• the hold may be full or hollow. It can be with or without floor. It can be a system of rupture, forced insertion, screwing, or jamming.
• the deformation of the hold in its housing may be irreversible or not.
• An example of irreversible deformation corresponds to the use of a rivet with rupture and an example of reversible deformation with the use of an elastic pin, which tends by trying to resume by elasticity its initial shape to exert the pressure leading to the blockage of the magnet.
• the first housing may include a stop for retaining the magnet in its housing on one side, while a deformable wedge is inserted on the other side of the housing, the magnet being held against the stop by the pressure exerted by the deformable wedge.
• the shims are preferably of non-magnetic material (s), such as a non-magnetic steel, so as not to interfere with the magnetic flux circuit in the magnetic mass.
• the deformable wedge can be made of a material non-magnetic chosen from the following list: aluminum, stainless steel, plastic, this list is not limiting.
• At least one deformable wedge may be inserted between a wall of a first housing and a polar face of the corresponding magnet or between a wall of the first housing and a non-polar face of the magnet.
• One or more shims may be inserted along one or both sides of the magnet perpendicular to the polar faces of the latter, or alternatively along one or both polar faces of the magnet.
• deformable shims can be inserted into second housings devoid of permanent magnets.
• the walls of a first housing housing at least one magnet may undergo deformation during the insertion of the shim.
• Shims can be inserted into second housings arranged between two consecutive housings in a row of first housings, permanent magnets being inserted in at least one of these housings, or both.
• shims can be inserted into second housings arranged between two housings of two rows of different first housings.
• the wedges are inserted in the magnetic mass preferably parallel to the axis of rotation of the machine.
• the electric machine may be devoid of second housing and have only first housing in which are inserted permanent magnets. Shims can be inserted in some or all of said first housing.
• the magnetic mass may comprise permanent magnets inserted in all or part of the first housing units, for example in at least half of the dwellings, or even in more than two thirds of the dwellings, better still in all the dwellings.
• the magnets are arranged in the first housing so as to define poles of the rotor.
• the housings can be arranged in the form of a circular arc or V, for example being arranged symmetrically with respect to a radial axis of the corresponding pole.
• radial axis of the pole is meant an axis of the pole oriented radially, that is to say along a radius of the magnetic mass. It can be an axis of symmetry for the pole. This radial axis can intersect the summit of the pole.
• the housings can be arranged in rows of housings so as to define the poles of the magnetic mass. Each pole may have at least three dwellings per pole.
• the housing can be arranged in one or more rows per pole. Each pole may comprise at least two rows, or even at least three rows.
• the magnetic mass may comprise material bridges formed between two consecutive housings in a row of housings, in order to improve the cohesion of the machine against the centrifugal forces.
• the material bridges can be oriented radially.
• Bridges of material may be formed between two first housings in which permanent magnets are inserted, and / or between a first housing and a second housing devoid of permanent magnet, and / or between a housing, housing or not a permanent magnet , and the air gap of the machine formed between the stator and the rotor.
• At least one material bridge may be of generally curved shape.
• a bridge of material of curved shape may in particular be formed between a first housing in which is inserted a permanent magnet and a second housing devoid of permanent magnet, or even possibly without wedge.
• the curved shape of the bridges of material can make it possible to benefit during a deformation induced by one or more shims a sufficient reduction of the clearance between the sheets and the magnets, without excessive deformation of the bridges.
• all shims of the same series of consecutive housings are inserted simultaneously, so as to promote easy insertion.
• the housings of the same row are arranged in a central branch and two lateral branches located on either side of the central branch, giving for example a U-shaped configuration, the central branch being for example alone to include one or more permanent magnets, the side branches not housing permanent magnet.
• the housing of this pole can be arranged in a single row.
• the concavity of the row can be oriented towards the top of the pole, that is towards the gap.
• the housing of this pole are arranged in several rows, each concavity which can be oriented towards the top of the pole, in particular in substantially concentric rows.
• concentric is meant that the middle axes of the rows of housing, taken in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the rotor, intersect at one point.
• the number of rows per pole can in particular be two, three or four.
• the rotor When the rotor has several rows for the same pole, the latter may be of decreasing length when moving towards the air gap, the longest being closer to the axis of rotation and the shorter one being closer to the axis of rotation. the air gap.
• the length of a row is the cumulative length of the dwellings in that row.
• the first housing may have, in cross section, that is to say perpendicular to the axis of rotation, a generally rectangular or trapezoidal shape, this list is not limiting.
• Permanent magnets may be of a generally rectangular shape.
• the establishment of magnets in the housing can leave a free space in the housing between the magnets and the short sides of the corresponding housing.
• the free space is for example of generally triangular shape.
• the magnetic mass is formed of a stack of magnetic sheets, preferably of monobloc sheets, or sectors of individual sheet (s) wound (s) on it (s) itself (s) around the axis of rotation.
• the magnetic mass may be devoid of individual pole pieces.
• the magnetic sheets of the magnetic mass can be deformed by the action of the wedges in their plane, that is to say in a plane perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the machine, in other words, in a plane other than a plane parallel to the axis of the machine. Wedges may not participate in the cohesion of the magnetic mass. In other words, the wedges may not be used to assemble between them sectors of the magnetic mass.
• the compressive holding of the pack is effected for example by means of tie rods which pass axially through the sheet metal pack.
• the shims may not maintain the compression of the sheets of the package.
• All the sheets of the magnetic mass are preferably identical to each other.
• the magnetic mass may be a rotor mass.
• the rotor may comprise a number of poles between two and twelve, better between four and eight.
• Permanent magnets can be made of ferrites or with rare earths or with any other type of magnetic material.
• the layout of the housing allows to concentrate the flux of the magnets and to obtain, notably with ferrite magnets, interesting performances.
• the machine can be reluctant. It can constitute a synchronous motor.
• the machine can operate at a nominal peripheral speed (tangential velocity taken at the outer diameter of the rotor) which may be greater than or equal to 100 meters per second, the machine according to the invention allowing operation at high speeds if desired.
• the machine can have a relatively large size.
• the diameter of the rotor may be greater than 50 mm, more preferably greater than 80 mm, being for example between 80 and 300 mm.
• FIG. 1 is a schematic and partial view of a rotor according to the invention
• FIG. 2A represents a detail of the embodiment of the rotor of FIG. 1
• FIG. 2B is a view similar to FIG. 2A of an alternative embodiment
• FIGS. 3A to 3D, 4A to 4C, 5 and 6 are diagrammatic and partial views of variant embodiments of a rotor according to the invention.
• FIGS. 7A to 7H illustrate exemplary embodiments of shims.
• FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrate a rotor 1 of a rotating electrical machine, comprising a rotor magnetic mass 2 in which first housings 3 are formed so as to define the rotor poles 4, each pole having a radial axis X.
• Magnets permanent 11 are inserted in each of the first housing, their direction of magnetization being illustrated by arrows.
• Each permanent magnet 11 comprises two polar faces 11a, 11b, one magnetized North (N) and the other South (S).
• the rotor has seven first housings 3 per pole, which are arranged in three concentric rows 6 around each of the poles, the concavity of the rows being oriented towards the gap.
• Two rows 6 comprise three first housings 3 arranged consecutively in the row, and one row 6, the closest to the gap, a single first housing 3.
• the three rows 6 of the same pole are of decreasing length when moving towards the gap, the longest being located on the side of the axis of rotation X of the machine and the shortest side of the gap.
• the permanent magnets 11 are in this example of generally rectangular shape in cross section.
• the first housing 3 are elongated. They each comprise two short sides 9 and long sides 10.
• the establishment of the magnets 11 in the first housing 3 can leave a clearance between the pole faces 11a, 11b of the magnets 11 and the walls of the corresponding first housing, defined by the long sides 10, and two free spaces 15 in each housing between the magnet and the short sides 9 of the corresponding housing.
• the free space 15 may be of generally triangular shape, as illustrated, or of another form.
• the short sides 9 of a housing may be rectilinear or curved.
• the electric machine comprises deformable shims 20 inserted into the magnetic mass, the shims 20 making it possible to cause, during their insertion, the wedging of a magnet 11 in the first housing 3 in which it is present, and to improve the contact between at least one polar face 11a, 11b of a magnet 11 and a corresponding wall of the first housing 3 defined by one of its long sides 10.
• the first housing 3 comprise in the example described a stop 25 for retaining the magnet 11 in its housing on one side, while a deformable shim 20 is inserted on the other side of the housing, the magnet being maintained against the stop 25 by the pressure exerted by the deformable shim 20.
• the spaces between two consecutive housings of a row 6 define material bridges 14.
• the material bridges 14 between two consecutive housings of a row 6 may have a width, measured perpendicular to their longitudinal axis, of less than 8 mm and greater at 0.5 mm.
• first housings 3 of a pole house a wedge 20.
• the wedges 20 are inserted in the example considered along a corner of the magnet 11, as illustrated in FIG. 2A, or the along a short side of the magnet 11, as shown in Figure 2B.
• all the deformable shims 20 are inserted into first housings 3 into which permanent magnets 11 are inserted.
• the electrical machine may comprise second housings 12 devoid of permanent magnets in which deformable shims are inserted.
• second housing 12 devoid of permanent magnets which are arranged between two first housing 3 of two rows 6 of different housings.
• the deformation of the deformable shims 20 disposed in the second housing 12 leads to a deformation of the first housing 3 which receive the magnets 11, as can be seen in Figure 3B.
• the wall of the first housing 3 is pressed against the polar face 1 la or 1 lb corresponding to the magnet 11 neighbors.
• the deformable shim 20 used may be an expandable peg or alternatively a rivet, pin or spring.
• the machine may, alternatively or additionally, comprise second housings 12 arranged in a row 6 of housings between two first housings 3, or at the end of a row, that is to say close to the gap .
• These housings 12 are in this case empty, that is to say without both magnets and wedges, as shown in Figure 1 for the row 6 closest to the air gap.
• the shims 20 may have a cylindrical shape, as illustrated in FIGS.
• FIG. 4A to 4C there is shown a shim 20 inserted between a wall of a first housing 3 and the polar face l ia of the corresponding magnet 11.
• the length of the shim 20 may correspond to the length of the magnet 11, as shown in FIG. 4 A, or be smaller.
• the cylindrical shims 20 may also be formed by the assembly of two components as shown in FIG. 7G, one rigid 20a having an eccentricity, the other deformable 20b ensuring the compression and the holding of the magnet 11 located near. The arrangement of these holds is for example identical to that of FIGS. 4A, 4B and 4C.
• Shims of this type rigid core and deformable envelope are marketed by Alcoa Fastening Systems under the name self-locking Expander, one of whose references is reproduced in exploded in Figure 7H.
• the shims 20 may be formed by a spring, having for example a blade shape, as illustrated in FIG. 5 or as a pin, as illustrated in FIG. 6.
• the deformable wedge 20 may have a rivet shape, for example a stepped rivet, as shown in FIG. 7A, or without a stage, as illustrated in FIG. 7B, rivet with rupture, insertion rivet, a form of rivet.
• pin such as for example a spring pin, as shown in Figure 7C, a peg shape, such as for example an expansive peg, as shown in Figure 7D, or a form of spring, such as for example a spring Z-folded blade, as shown in Figure 7E, or a flat spring as shown in Figure 7F.
• the head of the rivet or ankle may be round, milled, cylindrical, flat, domed.
• the deformable wedge can still be devoid of a head, as illustrated in FIGS. 7C, 7E and 7F.
• the rotor can cooperate with any type of stator, distributed or concentrated winding.
• the magnetic mass 2 may have other arrangements of the housings intended to receive the magnets, within the magnetic mass.
• the housings 3 and 12 may each extend along a longitudinal axis which may be rectilinear, as illustrated above, or curve.
• the same dwelling can receive several holds.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Power Engineering (AREA)
• Permanent Field Magnets Of Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
• Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)

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ID=48979857

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• 2013
  • 2013-03-07 FR FR1352065A patent/FR3003101B1/fr active Active
• 2014
  • 2014-03-06 CN CN201480020772.XA patent/CN105103413A/zh active Pending
  • 2014-03-06 BR BR112015021782A patent/BR112015021782A2/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
  • 2014-03-06 WO PCT/IB2014/059492 patent/WO2014136078A2/fr active Application Filing
  • 2014-03-06 EP EP14713262.5A patent/EP2965404A2/fr not_active Withdrawn
  • 2014-03-06 US US14/772,804 patent/US9979244B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related

Non-Patent Citations (2)

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