EP2950313B1 - Verfahren zur Bereitstellung von isoliertem elektrischem Kabel oder Anschluss oder Verbindung - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Bereitstellung von isoliertem elektrischem Kabel oder Anschluss oder Verbindung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2950313B1
EP2950313B1 EP14305782.6A EP14305782A EP2950313B1 EP 2950313 B1 EP2950313 B1 EP 2950313B1 EP 14305782 A EP14305782 A EP 14305782A EP 2950313 B1 EP2950313 B1 EP 2950313B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
insulation system
polymer based
based insulation
cross
heat treatment
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EP14305782.6A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2950313A1 (de
Inventor
Björn Sonerud
Susanne Nilsson
Ramona Huuva
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Nexans SA
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Nexans SA
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Publication of EP2950313A1 publication Critical patent/EP2950313A1/de
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/441—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from alkenes
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/14—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion
    • H01B13/145—Pretreatment or after-treatment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/0016—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for heat treatment

Definitions

  • the present invention relates generally to electrical power equipment, and particularly to high voltage electrical power equipment. More particularly, the invention relates to a method for providing an insulated electric cable or termination or joint. The purpose of the method is to increase the dielectric withstand strength of the cable/termination/joint. The method applies to both a (high voltage) DC cable or DC termination/joint and (high voltage) AC cable or AC termination/joint.
  • XLPE cross linked polyethylene
  • the object mentioned above is accomplished by a method of providing an insulated electric cable or termination or joint, the method comprising :
  • the method according to the invention comprises after the heat treatment procedure a controlled cooling step while the outer surface of the polymer based insulation system is covered by the impermeable cover, thereby achieving a high crystallinity of the cross-linked polymer composition.
  • the cross-linked polymer composition is typically a cross-linked polyethylene, but could also be applied to other polyolefins, such as LDPE, HDPE, PP or copolymer of those.
  • the heat treatment can be performed at a heating temperature of between 80 and 120°C, and preferably at a temperature of between 85 and 105°C.
  • the heating temperature can be maintained for a time between 1 and 20 days, and preferably between 4 and 10 days.
  • the controlled cooling step can include a controlled decrease of the temperature of between 1 and 20 °C/hour.
  • the controlled decrease of the temperature can be performed from the heating temperature and until a cooling temperature of between 60 and 70°C, and preferably of between 63 and 67°C. Under this cooling temperature, no more or very limited crystallization takes place. Slow cooling is needed as not to freeze some morphological structures that have not yet crystallized at the heat treatment temperature. That is, some crystallization takes place during cooling, and these crystals should be as "perfect" as possible.
  • the substances present in the polymer based insulation system in a non-homogenous distribution can include at least one rest or byproduct from the cross-linking.
  • the substance present in the polymer based insulation system in a non-homogenous distribution can include at least one peroxide decomposition product.
  • the polymer based insulation system can comprise a first semi-conducting shield, the cross-linked polymer composition, and a second semi-conducting shield.
  • the method can be a method for production of insulated electric AC or DC cable and :
  • Said second substance is typically methane.
  • the impermeable cover can be a lead sheet, a metal cover such as a metal laminate and/or an outer covering or sheath provided that this layer is impermeable to the at least one substance present in the extruded insulation system.
  • FIGS. 1 and 2 show the insulated electric high voltage cable in a section view.
  • the cable comprises from the center and outwards: a stranded multi-wire conductor 10, a first extruded semi-conducting shield 11 disposed around and outside the conductor 10, an extruded polyethylene based conductor insulation 12 with an extruded, cross-linked composition as further described below, a second extruded semi-conducting shield 13 disposed outside the conductor insulation 12, and an outer covering or sheath 15 arranged outside the polymer based insulation system.
  • the cable can when found appropriate be further complemented in various ways with various functional layers or other features. It can for example be complemented with a reinforcement in form of metallic wires outside the outer extruded shield 13, a sealing compound or a water swelling powder introduced in metal/polymer interfaces or a system achieved by e.g. a corrosion resistant metal polyethylene laminate and longitudinal water sealing achieved by water swelling material, e.g. tape or powder beneath the sheath 15.
  • the conductor need not be stranded but can be of any desired shape and constitution, such as a stranded multi-wire conductor, a solid conductor or a segmental conductor.
  • a polymer based insulation system is, in a step 21, extruded around the conductor 10, wherein the polymer based insulation system comprises the semi-conducting shield 11, the polyethylene based conductor insulation 12, and the second semi-conducting shield 13.
  • the polyethylene based conductor insulation 12 is exchanged for other polymer based conductor insulation.
  • the conductor is fed from a conductor pay-off through the extruder equipment and other processing and conditioning devices and is finally taken up on a cable core take-up.
  • the conductor pay-off and cable core take-up may be reels or drums suitable for discrete lengths but can be of any suitable type including devices for essentially continuous handling of the supplied conductor and produced cable.
  • the conductor is passed over a first wheel through a conductor preheater wherein it is preheated for a suitable temperature before the insulation system is applied by extrusion.
  • the process is suitable for true triple extrusion where a triple head extruder is used.
  • the inner and outer semi-conductive layers are applied using two separate extruders and a further third extruder is used for the main insulation.
  • the extruded polyethylene based conductor insulation 12 is advantageously, in a step 22, cross-linked.
  • the insulated DC cable is passed through a pressurized curing and cooling chamber, wherein the conditions is controlled to ensure the desired cross-linking degree and other structural characteristics that can be effected by this controlled conditioning and cooling of the extruded insulation system.
  • the extruded polyethylene based conductor insulation 12 includes a number of additives, among them dicumylperoxide and additives. Thereafter the cable is hauled through a haul-off caterpillar and over a second wheel before being taken up for further processing.
  • methane may be created in the cross-linked polyethylene based conductor insulation 12.
  • Any methane may be removed by exposing, in a step 23, the extruded DC cable to a heat treatment while the outer surface of the extruded polymer based insulation system is kept free from any covering to thereby allow the methane to leave.
  • a step 24 the outer surface of the extruded polymer based insulation system is covered by a cover 14 impermeable to one or more substances present in the extruded insulation system in a non-homogenous distribution.
  • the one or more substances include preferably one or more rest or byproducts from the cross-linking and/or one or more additives.
  • the rest products include typically peroxide decomposition products, such as acetophenone and cumyl alcohol, and the additives include typically one or more antioxidants and scorch retarders.
  • other additives may be of equal or even higher importance.
  • the extruded DC cable is, in a step 25, exposed for a heat treatment procedure in order to achieve a high crystallinity of the cross-linked polymer composition.
  • the heat treatment procedure is preferably performed at a temperature of between 80 and 120°C, and more preferably between 85 and 105°C, and for a time that is shorter the higher the temperature is, preferably between 4 and 10 days.
  • the recrystalisation process can consist of heating in the order of 95oC (step a) for a length of time appropriate for the cable thickness (step b) followed by a controlled cooling down to 60oC (step c). During this cooling sequence the temperature distribution inside the cable insulation should be as even as possible.
  • This thermal conditioning will be performed at temperatures where the XLPE can be oxidized which leads to ageing of the polymer material, causing the dielectric properties to degrade and it is therefore imperative that the extruded insulation is protected with a barrier layer which is impermeable to oxygen. This barrier would preferably be the lead sheath of a submarine cable but could also be another externally applied layer.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Treatments Of Macromolecular Shaped Articles (AREA)
  • Processes Specially Adapted For Manufacturing Cables (AREA)

Claims (10)

  1. Verfahren zur Bereitstellung eines isolierten elektrischen Kabels oder Abschlusses oder einer isolierten elektrischen Verbindung, wobei das Verfahren Folgendes umfasst:
    - Bereitstellen eines Polymer-basierten Isolierungssystems (11, 12, 13), umfassend eine vernetzte Polymerzusammensetzung (12), wobei das Bereitstellen des Polymer-basierten Isolierungssystems das Aussetzen des Polymer-basierten Isolierungssystems (11, 12, 13) an einen Hitzebehandlungsprozess (a, b) umfasst, während die äußere Oberfläche des Polymer-basierten Isolierungssystems (11, 12, 13) mit einer Abdeckung (14) bedeckt ist, die undurchlässig für mindestens eine Substanz ist, die im Polymer-basierten Isolierungssystem (11, 12, 13) in einer nicht homogenen Verteilung vorhanden ist,
    wobei das Verfahren dadurch gekennzeichnet ist, dass
    - die Abdeckung undurchlässig für Sauerstoff ist,
    - es nach dem Hitzebehandlungsprozess einen gesteuerten Schritt des Abkühlens (c) umfasst, während die äußere Oberfläche des Polymer-basierten Isolierungssystems (11, 12, 13) durch die undurchlässige Abdeckung (14) bedeckt ist, wodurch eine hohe Kristallinität der vernetzten Polymerzusammensetzung (12) erzielt wird, wobei der gesteuerte Schritt des Abkühlens (c) eine gesteuerte Abnahme der Temperatur von zwischen 1 und 20 °C/Stunde einschließt, und
    - der Hitzebehandlungsprozess (a, b) und der gesteuerte Schritt des Abkühlens (c) einen Rekristallisierungsprozess darstellen.
  2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die vernetzte Polymerzusammensetzung (12) ein vernetztes Polyethylen ist.
  3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hitzebehandlung bei einer Erhitzungstemperatur von zwischen 80 und 120 ºC durchgeführt wird.
  4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Erhitzungstemperatur für eine Zeit zwischen 1 und 20 Tagen beibehalten wird.
  5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die gesteuerte Abnahme der Temperatur von der Erhitzungstemperatur und bis zu einer Abkühlungstemperatur zwischen 60 und 70 °C durchgeführt wird.
  6. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Substanzen, vorhanden im Polymer-basierten Isolierungssystem (11, 12, 13) in einer nicht homogenen Verteilung mindestens einen Rest oder ein Nebenprodukt aus der Vernetzung einschließen.
  7. Verfahren nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Substanzen, vorhanden im Polymer-basierten Isolierungssystem (11, 12, 13), in einer nicht homogenen Verteilung mindestens ein Peroxid-Abbauprodukt einschließen.
  8. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Polymer-basierte Isolierungssystem (11, 12, 13) einen ersten halbleitenden Schirm (11), die vernetzte Polymerzusammensetzung (12) und einen zweiten halbleitenden Schirm (13) umfasst.
  9. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Verfahren ein Verfahren zur Herstellung eines isolierten elektrischen Wechselstrom- oder Gleichstromkabels ist, und dass:
    - das Kabel einer Hitzebehandlung ausgesetzt wird, während die äußere Oberfläche des Polymer-basierten Isolierungssystems (11, 12, 13) nicht durch die undurchlässige Abdeckung (14) bedeckt ist, um Methan zu entfernen, das im Polymer-basierten Isolierungssystem (11, 12, 13) nach der Vernetzung vorhanden ist; und
    - die Aussetzung des Polymer-basierten Isolierungssystems (11, 12, 13) an den Hitzebehandlungsprozess (a, b) und den gesteuerten Schritt des Abkühlens (c), während die äußere Oberfläche des extrudierten Polymer-basierten Isolierungssystems (11, 12, 13) von der Abdeckung (14) bedeckt ist, nach der Entfernung von Methan durchgeführt wird, um dadurch eine hohe Kristallinität der vernetzten Polymerzusammensetzung (12) zu erzielen.
  10. Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die undurchlässige Abdeckung ein Bleiblech oder eine Metallabdeckung ist.
EP14305782.6A 2014-05-26 2014-05-26 Verfahren zur Bereitstellung von isoliertem elektrischem Kabel oder Anschluss oder Verbindung Active EP2950313B1 (de)

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EP14305782.6A EP2950313B1 (de) 2014-05-26 2014-05-26 Verfahren zur Bereitstellung von isoliertem elektrischem Kabel oder Anschluss oder Verbindung

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EP14305782.6A EP2950313B1 (de) 2014-05-26 2014-05-26 Verfahren zur Bereitstellung von isoliertem elektrischem Kabel oder Anschluss oder Verbindung

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ATE484835T1 (de) 2008-02-20 2010-10-15 Abb Research Ltd Verfahren zur bereitstellung eines elektrischen hochspannungsgleichstromkabels oder hochspannungsgleichströmende oder - verbindungsstelle

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