EP2942186B1 - Baling press - Google Patents

Description

The invention relates to a baler, primarily on a baler with a horizontally movable pressure plate, for pressing loose material, eg. B. of paper, cardboard, plastic waste, PET bottles and metal cans u. Ä. waste. The baler comprises a housing and a press channel with a loose material feed opening, a press plate slidable in the press channel over a predetermined press path length, and electrohydraulic means for generating a pressing force and displacing the press plate to transfer the press force to the filled material ,

Balers with a horizontally movable pressure plate are known per se. They are used primarily to compress packaging material from cardboard and cardboard, but also shreds from shredders, plastic waste, PET bottles and textile fiber material in order to transport this space saving, intermediate storage and reuse as recyclable material.

There are various types of horizontal balers available, including horizontal channel balers and horizontal counterplate presses, which is also the subject of this patent.

Here, by means of a displaceable in the horizontal direction, preferably electro-hydraulically driven pressure plate in the press channel, which is also called press box in press channel, filled material fed through the filling into a press room and there compacted under the action of the pressing force to mostly cuboid bales.

A problem with balers of this type is that due to the inhomogeneous strength properties of the material to be pressed during the pressing process counter forces act on the press plate, which vary temporally and locally. This has the consequence that the spatial orientation of the pressing plate changes in relation to the pressing direction, unless the pressing plate is held and guided sufficiently stable. Even solid executed mechanical mounts and guides are subject to constant wear due to continuous cycling, which leads to operational failures or at least requires costly preventive maintenance and repairs.

In the DE 37 34 555 A1 a baler is described in which a press ram is coupled to a drive consisting of two or more axially parallel juxtaposed cylinders preferably the same diameter, of which a cylinder or a group of a plurality of cylinders is stationarily supported and displaces a yoke together with the press ram. At the yoke another cylinder or a group of other cylinders is supported and moves the press ram. The yoke and press punches are guided mechanically within a press housing by means of support bearings. The first cylinder or the first group of several cylinders is used for pressing the material to bales, the other cylinder or the group of other cylinders is used to eject the finished pressed bale.

The terms press plate and press stamp apply in the sense of the invention as synonymous.

The DE 10 2009 053 134 B4 also describes a baler for pressing cardboard boxes and similar waste products into cuboid bales. The drive device for the press ram comprises two groups of axially parallel cylinders, of which a first group supported on the press housing displaces a carriage together with the press ram over a first section of the press path and the second group supported on the carriage moves the press ram over a second section Part of the press path is provided away. Another, supported on the press ram cylinder is used to eject the finished pressed Bale. Carts and press dies are mechanically guided within the press housing.

From the DE 20 2006 007 759 U1 , Which forms the closest prior art, a Weg-measuring system is known in a baler with two cylinders acting on the pressure plate, which measures the extension lengths of both piston rods and deviation of the extension length of the slave cylinder from that of the master cylinder, the slave cylinder adjusted accordingly, so that a synchronization of the piston rods is achieved in predetermined tolerance ranges.

Furthermore, it is from the US 2005/0257697 A1 It is known to monitor the extension lengths of the pistons acting on the pressing plate with different position measuring systems, for example by means of magnetic measuring systems, by means of laser or by means of sound waves.

• einen Presskanal oder Presskasten mit einer Einfüllöffnung für das lose Material,
• eine im Presskanal über eine vorgegebene Pressweglänge L_ges hinweg verschiebbar angeordnete Pressplatte, die eine in Kontakt mit dem zu verpressenden Material stehende Pressfläche aufweist, sowie
• mehrere, mit elektro-hydraulischen Antriebsaggregaten gekoppelte Hydraulikzylinder,
  • zur Erzeugung einer Presskraft,
  • zum Vorschieben der Pressplatte über die Pressweglänge L_ges hinweg zwecks Einleitung der Presskraft in das eingefüllte Material, und
  • zur Rückführung der Pressplatte in eine Ausgangsposition, ein Kontroll- und Regelsystem vorgesehen, das ausgebildet ist zur Kontrolle und Konstanthaltung der räumlichen Ausrichtung der Pressfläche während des Vorschiebens der Pressplatte über die gesamte Pressweglänge L_ges hinweg.

Based on this prior art, the invention has the object, a baler of the type described above educate so that the stability of the orientation of the press ram or the press plate is largely ensured regardless of mechanical brackets or guides. According to the preamble of claim 1 and volgens DE 20 2006 007 759 U1 , is in a baler of the type described above, namely comprising

• a press channel or press box with a filler opening for the loose material,
• a _ges in the press channel for a predetermined Pressweglänge L away displaceably arranged press plate, which has an in contact with the material to be pressed pressing surface, and
• several hydraulic cylinders coupled to electro-hydraulic drive units,
  • for generating a pressing force,
  • for advancing the pressure plate over the Pressweglänge L _ges away for the purpose of initiation of the pressing force in the filled material, and
  • for returning the press plate to a starting position, a monitoring and control system is provided which is designed for the control and stabilization of the spatial alignment of the pressing surface during the advance of the press plate over the entire Pressweglänge L _ges of time.

• eine Distanz-Messeinrichtung zur sequentiellen Messung der Ist-Abstände zwischen mindestens drei kollinearen Messpunkten auf der sich verschiebenden Pressfläche und gestellfesten Referenzpunkten, die die Sollausrichtung der Pressfläche definieren,
• eine Messergebnis-Auswertung zur Ermittlung von Abweichungen der Ist-Abstände von vorgegebenen Soll-Abständen, und
• eine mit den Antriebsaggregaten verbundene Steuerschaltung zur Variation der Antriebsleistung zwecks Ausgleichs von Differenzen zwischen Ist- und Soll-Abständen mittels der Hydraulikzylinder in Echtzeit.

In a first, preferred embodiment of the baling press according to the invention has the control and regulating system

• a distance measuring device for the sequential measurement of the actual distances between at least three collinear measuring points on the displacing pressing surface and frame-fixed reference points which define the target orientation of the pressing surface,
• a measurement result evaluation for determining deviations of the actual distances from predetermined target intervals, and
• a control circuit connected to the drive units for varying the drive power to compensate for differences between actual and desired intervals by means of the hydraulic cylinder in real time.

The measurement of the distances between the measuring points and the reference points is preferably provided optically by transit time measurement, laser triangulation or evaluation of the phase position of reflected laser radiation. However, within the scope of the invention lies Also a distance measurement by potentiometer, with magnetic sensors, pneumatic length measurement or based on eddy current measurements.

• über ein Gleichlaufregelsystem und/oder
• über ein Positionsregelsystem miteinander verknüpft sind, so dass

die Ausrichtung der Pressplatte, insbesondere ihrer Pressfläche, relativ zur Pressrichtung während der Verschiebung über die gesamte Pressweglänge L_ges hinweg konstant ist.In the embodiment of the baling press according to the invention, a control and regulating system is provided, in which the electro-hydraulic drives and the associated hydraulic cylinders for the purpose of compensating for differences in the forces acting on the individual hydraulic cylinders during the pressing counter forces

• via a synchronous control system and / or
• are linked together via a position control system, so that

the orientation of the pressing plate, in particular its pressing surface, _ges relative to the pressing direction during the displacement over the entire Pressweglänge L is constant.

In the synchronous control system, for example, the constant attitude of the spatial orientation of the press plate is provided on the basis of measurements of the opposing forces acting on the articulation position of the piston rods on the press plate. Depending on the measurement results, pressure regulation takes place in the hydraulic circuits in order to avoid feed differences and thus tilting of the press plate.

In the position control system, for example, keeping the spatial orientation of the pressure plate constant based on displacement measurements on the piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders and pressure regulation in the hydraulic circuits depending on the results of the displacement measurements is such that positional errors are corrected. In this case, one of the hydraulic cylinders can assume a master function with respect to the feed per time unit, while the remaining hydraulic cylinders have a slave function.

Preferably, according to the invention, in the embodiments of the control and regulation system, a separate drive unit is assigned to each hydraulic cylinder, in particular a group of hydraulic cylinders, and each drive unit has a hydraulic pump and a frequency converter.

Furthermore, and as disclosed in the characterizing part of claim 1, the hydraulic cylinders are connected in groups in parallel, wherein a first group of parallel-connected hydraulic cylinder, preferably for generating and transmitting the pressing force on a displaceable intermediate plate, is provided. The intermediate plate is displaceable together with the pressing plate by a first Teilpressweglänge L ₁ . A second group of parallel connected hydraulic cylinders is preferably for generating and transmitting the pressing force to the press plate provided, wherein the pressure plate is displaceable relative to the intermediate plate by a second Teilpressweglänge L ₂ . It is true that the first Teilpressweglänge L ₁ plus the second Teilpressweglänge L _{2 are} equal to the Pressweglänge L _ges .

The intermediate plate is fixed in its position after being displaced by the first Teilpressweglänge L ₁ as a result of the force generated by the first group of hydraulic cylinders, so that the second group can be supported for the purpose of advancing only the pressing plate of the intermediate plate.

The hydraulic cylinders of the first group are preferably arranged pushing the intermediate plate including the pressing plate in the pressing direction, and the hydraulic cylinders of the second group, the pressing plate in the pressing direction are also arranged pushing or pushing. However, embodiments are also within the scope of the invention in which the hydraulic cylinders of the first group are the intermediate plate including the pressure plate in the pressing direction pulling and / or the hydraulic cylinder of the second group, the pressure plate are arranged pulling in the pressing direction.

The first group of hydraulic cylinders may, for example, comprise four hydraulic cylinders connected in parallel, while the second group comprises three parallel hydraulic cylinders.

According to another embodiment variant, the first group of hydraulic cylinders comprises three parallel-connected hydraulic cylinders, while the second group of hydraulic cylinders comprises four parallel-connected hydraulic cylinders.

In a further embodiment, an equal number of hydraulic cylinders are provided in the first group of hydraulic cylinders and in the second group of hydraulic cylinders; According to the invention, however, the first group of hydraulic cylinders should have at least three hydraulic cylinders connected in parallel and the second group of hydraulic cylinders also at least three hydraulic cylinders connected in parallel.

There may be another associated with the press plate hydraulic cylinder, designed for pushing out after reaching the Pressweglänge L _ges finished pressed bale out of the press channel, preferably in a horizontal baler in execution as a so-called Presskasenpresse. In this type of balers, the output side opening of the press channel is closed for the pressing operation with a sliding or hinged door. The closed and locked door has the function of a counter plate in the pressing process.

Fig. 1

die vereinfachte perspektivische Darstellung einer Ballenpresse, mit einer horizontal verschiebbaren Pressplatte, nach Stand der Technik bei seitlicher Blickrichtung auf den Presskanal mit Einfüllöffnung und auf die Pressplatte, hier in ihrer Ausgangsposition vor Beginn des Pressvorgangs, in Ausführung als Kanalballenpresse;

Fig. 2

die perspektivische Darstellung einer horizontal arbeitenden Ballenpresse nach Fig.1 hier in Ausführung als Presskasten-Ballenpresse, mit gleicher Blickrichtung, jedoch mit Blick in das Innere des Pressengehäuses und Anordnung der Hydraulikzylinder gemäß der Erfindung;

Fig. 3

die Presskasten-Ballenpresse nach Fig.2 in einer nichtperspektivischen Seitenansicht mit Darstellung der Pressweglänge von der Ausgangsposition der Pressplatte bis zu ihrer Position bei einem fertig gepressten Ballen;

Fig. 4

eine Sicht von der Rückwand der Ballenpresse nach Fig. 2 aus auf die Rückseite der Pressplatte und die dahinter entgegengesetzt zur Pressrichtung liegende Zwischenplatte und Darstellung der Ankopplung einer ersten Gruppe von parallel geschalteten Hydraulikzylindern an die Pressplatte und einer zweiten Gruppe von parallel geschalteten Hydraulikzylindern an die Zwischenplatte;

Fig. 5

die perspektivische Darstellung einer Ballenpresse in Ausführung als Kanalballenpresse nach Fig. 1, jedoch mit Anordnung der Antriebselemente nach der Erfindung gemäß Fig. 2, hier jedoch bei ausgefahrenen Kolbenstangen der Hydraulikzylinder der ersten Gruppe;

Fig. 6

die horizontal arbeitende Presskasten-Ballenpresse nach Fig. 3 in einer nichtperspektivischen Seitenansicht und ausgefahrenen Kolbenstangen der Hydraulikzylinder der ersten Gruppe einer Kanalballenpresse;

Fig. 7

die perspektivische Darstellung nach Fig. 5, hier jedoch bei zusätzlich ausgefahrenen Kolbenstangen der Hydraulikzylinder der zweiten Gruppe, wobei sich die Pressplatte in ihrer Position bei einem fertig gepressten Ballen befindet;

Fig. 8

die Presskasten-Ballenpresse nach Fig. 6 in einer nichtperspektivischen Seitenansicht, bei der sich die Pressplatte in ihrer Position bei einem fertig gepressten Ballen befindet;

Fig. 9

die perspektivische Darstellung einer Kanalballenpresse nach Fig. 5, hier jedoch bei ausgefahrener Kolbenstange eines zusätzlichen Hydraulikzylinders zum Ausschieben des letzten fertig gepressten Ballen einer Pressserie aus dem Presskanal;

Fig. 10

die Presskasten-Ballenpresse nach Fig. 8 in einer nichtperspektivischen Seitenansicht bei der der fertig gepresste Ballen ausgestoßen wird;

Fig. 11

das Beispiel eines Hydraulikschaltplanes nach der Erfindung zum Betreiben von Ballenpressen nach den Fig. 2 bis Fig. 10 mit Einzelansteuerung der Hydraulikzylinder, und

Fig. 12

ein Beispiel für die Anordnung der Bauteile des erfindungsgemäßen Kontroll- und Regelsystems, in einer erfindungsgemäßen Ballenpresse horizontaler Bauart.

The invention will be explained in more detail on the basis of, but not limiting, the invention embodiments. In the accompanying drawings show in schematic representations:

Fig. 1

the simplified perspective view of a baler, with a horizontally displaceable pressure plate, according to the prior art in the lateral direction of the press channel with filling opening and on the press plate, here in its initial position before the beginning of the pressing process, in execution as a channel baler;

Fig. 2

the perspective view of a horizontal baler after Fig.1 here in execution as a baler baler, with the same direction, but with a view into the interior of the press housing and arrangement of the hydraulic cylinder according to the invention;

Fig. 3

the baler baler after Fig.2 in a non-perspective side view showing the Pressweglänge from the starting position of the press plate to its position in a finished pressed bale;

Fig. 4

a view from the back wall of the baler Fig. 2 out on the back of the press plate and the opposite lying opposite to the pressing direction intermediate plate and showing the coupling of a first group of hydraulic cylinders connected in parallel to the press plate and a second group of hydraulic cylinders connected in parallel to the intermediate plate;

Fig. 5

the perspective view of a baler in execution as a channel baler after Fig. 1 , but with arrangement of the drive elements according to the invention according to Fig. 2 , but here with extended piston rods of the hydraulic cylinder of the first group;

Fig. 6

the horizontal baling baler after Fig. 3 in a non-perspective side view and extended piston rods of the hydraulic cylinder of the first group of a channel baler;

Fig. 7

the perspective view after Fig. 5 here, however, with additionally extended piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders of the second group, wherein the pressure plate is in position with a finished pressed bale;

Fig. 8

the baler baler after Fig. 6 in a non-perspective side view, wherein the press plate is in position with a finished pressed bale;

Fig. 9

the perspective view of a channel baler after Fig. 5 , but here with extended piston rod of an additional hydraulic cylinder for pushing out the last finished pressed baling a press series from the press channel;

Fig. 10

the baler baler after Fig. 8 in a non-perspective side view in which the finished pressed bale is ejected;

Fig. 11

the example of a hydraulic circuit diagram according to the invention for operating balers after Fig. 2 to Fig. 10 with individual control of the hydraulic cylinders, and

Fig. 12

an example of the arrangement of the components of the control and regulating system according to the invention, in a horizontal baler according to the invention.

Out Fig. 1 is the basic structure of a horizontally operating baler 1, in execution as a channel baler 11, according to the prior art. Perspectively shown is a view laterally from the outside on the press housing 2, which encloses, inter alia, the pressing channel 3. The press housing 2 has a filling opening 4, through which the material M to be pressed together (not shown here) can be introduced into the press channel 3 in the filling direction according to the arrow. In the interior of the press channel 3, the here partially visible press plate 5 is in its initial position, which is displaceable in the pressing direction P and back to its original position.

For additional explanation of the drive of the press plate 5 of the channel baler 11 after Fig. 1 shows Fig. 2 a view into the interior of the laterally open illustrated press housing 2 a horizontally operating baler, which here in the Fig. 2 As a horizontal baler of the second type is executed, as a baler press 12. It can be seen here the pressing channel 3, the filling opening 4 and the press plate 5 in its initial position at the beginning of the pressing process. The pressing plate 5 is aligned with its pressing surface 6 perpendicular to the pressing direction P. Thus, the pressing surface 6 is also arranged at right angles to each section of the inner surfaces of the pressing channel 3, along which the pressing plate moves back and forth during a pressing stroke.

By way of example, the pressing channel 3 has a square or rectangular cross-section, which the pressing plate 5 substantially fills due to its geometric configuration, the thickness of the pressing plate 5 extending in the pressing direction P. A press channel 3 facing away from the space 7, which extends from the press plate 5 to a wall 8, which closes the press housing 2 opposite to the pressing direction P, is reserved for an electro-hydraulic device, which is used to generate a pressing force and the displacement of the press plate. 5 for the purpose of transmitting the pressing force to the filled material M is formed. The electrohydraulic device has a plurality of hydraulic cylinders H11, H12... H1n and H21, H22... H2n (with n> 2), which according to the invention are partly connected in groups in parallel (cf. FIGS. 3 to 10 ).

In particular, in execution of the horizontal baler as baler baler 12, so a horizontal baler 1 with counter-plate 10 at the output of the press channel 3, an additional hydraulic cylinder H3 is provided, the function will be explained later.

As hydraulic cylinders H11, H12 ... H1n; H21, H22 ... H2n; H3, for example, differential cylinders are used, which consist essentially of housing, piston, piston rod and connections for a pressure medium, wherein the piston rod is located on differential cylinders only on one side of the piston surface.

A pressing channel 3 in the pressing direction P final wall 10 - which is also referred to as counter plate or door 10 - takes during the pressing operation, the pressing force and is temporarily removed after completion of the pressing operation, so moved or pivoted away, so that the finished pressed bale this now open end of the press channel 3 can be pushed out (see. Fig. 10 ).

A variant of the groupwise arrangement parallel hydraulic cylinders H11, H12 ... H1n; H21, H22 ... H2n is explained below Fig. 3 explained. This groupwise and inventive arrangement of these hydraulic cylinders is in Fig. 3 shown in a baler baler 12. This groupwise and inventive arrangement of these hydraulic cylinders can be used according to the invention in horizontal balers in execution as channel baling presses 11.

In Fig. 3 For example, a press path length L _ges is indicated, around which the press plate 5 is to be advanced in the pressing direction P for the purpose of compressing the material M introduced into the press channel 3 into bales.

A first group H1 of parallel-connected hydraulic cylinders H11, H12 ... H1n is provided for generating the pressing force and for transferring it to an intermediate plate 9, which together is arranged displaceably with the press plate 5 in the pressing direction P. For this purpose, the hydraulic cylinders H11, H12 ... H1n, for example, each with its housing on the wall 8 - the rear wall - of the press housing 2 supported, while the piston rods are connected to the intermediate plate 9. With extended piston rods of the hydraulic cylinders H11, H12 ... H1n, the intermediate plate 9 is fixed at the position at the end of the first Teilpressweglänge L ₁ ; see. this too FIG. 6 ,

The hydraulic cylinders H21, H22... H2n of a second group connected in parallel are likewise provided for generating the pressing force and for transmitting them to the pressure plate 5, these hydraulic cylinders H21, H22... H2n being fastened / supported with their housings to the intermediate plate 9 are while the piston rods are connected to the pressure plate 5. Thus, the pressure plate 5 by means of hydraulic cylinders H21, H22 ... H2n relative to the fixed intermediate plate 9 slidable, see in Fig. 8 ,

When operating according to the prior art such an arrangement, the displacement of the intermediate plate 9 together with the pressure plate 5 by means of the hydraulic cylinder H11, H12 ... H1n initially provided by a first Teilpressweglänge L ₁ , after which only the displacement of the pressure plate 5 by means of the hydraulic cylinder H21, H22 ... H2n to a second Teilpressweglänge L ₂ takes place. The sum of first Teilpressweglänge L ₁ and second Teilpressweglänge L ₂ corresponds to the total Pressweglänge L _ges .

Here is the problem already described at the outset that during the advancement of the press plate 5 by means of the hydraulic cylinder H11, H12 ... H1n; H21, H22 ... H2n; H3 the spatial orientation of the press plate 5 with respect to the pressing direction P, in particular their orientation to the respective sections of the inner surfaces of the press channel 3, change, resulting in a jamming of the press plate 5 in the press channel 3 and thus a malfunction of the baler 1 result would have. The reason for this lies, as already described, in the inhomogeneous strength properties of the material M to be pressed, as a result of which the pressure plate 5 counteracts opposing forces which vary in time and, with respect to the pressing surface 6, locally.

In order to avoid or at least reduce the hitherto usual high expenditure for mechanical guides of the pressure plate 5 and / or the intermediate plate 9 in the prior art for the purpose of stabilizing the pressure plate alignment in the press channel 3, according to one aspect of the invention a control and regulating system is provided, with a distance-measuring device 30 for the sequential measurement of the actual distances between at least three collinear measuring points 31, 32, 33 on the pressing surface 6 or itself displacing pressure plate 5 and frame-fixed reference points 35, 36, 37, which are part of a reference surface and thus define the desired orientation of the pressing surface. An exemplary arrangement of these measuring points 31, 32, 33 and reference points 35, 36, 37 on a baler according to the invention is in the FIGS. 6 shown. Because of the clarity in this FIG. 6 only the reference numbers 31 and 37 have been entered. Although the position of the other measuring points and reference points can be seen in this figure, the associated reference numerals 32, 33 and 36, 37 are then in the FIG. 12 plotted.

Furthermore, a measurement result evaluation for determining deviations of the actual distances from predefined desired distances in an evaluation unit 34 and a control circuit connected to the drive units A1, A2, A3, A4 via signal lines 41, 42, 43, 44 for varying the drive power in order to compensate for differences between actual and target intervals by means of the hydraulic cylinder provided in real time, which is shown schematically in the FIG. 12 is shown. The reference points 35, 36, 37 are connected to the evaluation unit 34 by means of a respective signal line 38, 39, 40.

The measurement of the distances between the measurement and the reference points is preferably carried out optically by transit time measurement, Laser triangulation or evaluation of the phase position of reflected laser radiation.

Advantageously, each of the hydraulic cylinders H11, H12 ... H1n or H21, H22 ... H2n is assigned a separate drive unit A1, A2 ... An for separate activation (cf. Fig. 11 ). Each of the drive units A1, A2 ... An has a hydraulic pump (without reference numeral) and preferably a frequency converter (without reference numeral). If the opposing forces acting differently on the pressure plate 5 during the pressing process cause deviations in the measurement results from the predetermined nominal values, these deviations are compensated for by changing the drive power eg by changing the pressure or volume flow in the appropriate hydraulic circuit is caused in order to control the differences in real time, so that the orientation of the pressure plate 5 is maintained relative to the pressing direction P and with respect to the respective sections of the inner surfaces of the pressing channel 3.

In the Fig. 4 The viewer's gaze follows the rear wall 8 of the baler 11 or 12 Fig. 2 respectively. Fig. 3 from on the press plate 5 and on the opposite direction to the pressing direction P behind, in the figure in front intermediate plate. 9

The number and coupling, in particular the spatial position of the piston rods K11, K12, K13, K14 of, by way of example, four hydraulic cylinders H11, H12, H13 and H14 of the first group H1 and the piston rods K21, K22, K23 are shown symbolically on the basis of a schematic sectional illustration of exemplary three hydraulic cylinders H21, H22 and H23 of the second group H2 shown. A centrally arranged piston rod K3 of a single hydraulic cylinder H3 is provided for pushing out the finished pressed bales in the extended pressing direction P out of the press channel 3. The hydraulic cylinder H3 is fixed to the pressure plate 5 and in the intermediate plate 9 is provided a recess 13 through which the hydraulic cylinder H3 temporarily passes (see FIG. Fig. 3 or Fig. 6 to 9 ).

Fig. 5 shows as already Fig. 2 a view into the interior of the laterally open perspective shown press housing 2 of a horizontally operating baler 1, here a channel baler 11. While off Fig. 2 the starting position of the pressure plate 5 can be seen at the beginning of the pressing process illustrated Fig. 5 the constellation which results after the piston rods K11, K12, K13, K14 of the hydraulic cylinders H11, H12, H13, H14 of the first group H1 are extended and the intermediate plate 9 together with the pressure plate 5 over the first Teilpressweglänge L ₁ away in the illustrated position was advanced, wherein the material located in the press channel 3 has been pre-compressed in the decreasing volume of the press channel 3, cf. For this Fig. 6 ,

During the feed, it was ensured by means of the control and regulating system described above that feed differences of the parallel-connected hydraulic cylinders H11, H12, H13, H14 were adjusted by varying the individual drive powers, so that the alignment of the intermediate plate 9 as well as the pressure plate 5 relative to Pressing direction P and to the inner surfaces of the press channel 3 during the shift over the Teilpressweglänge L ₁ has remained constant away.

The intermediate plate 9 is fixed in the position shown by feed to the first Teilpressweglänge L ₁ , for example by pressure on stop elements (not shown) or by means of so-called and known hydraulic locking of the respective hydraulic cylinder.

Out Fig. 6 the above-described constellation is illustrated on the basis of a non-perspective open side view on a baling press 12. As can be seen here, the intermediate plate 9 is advanced together with the pressure plate 5 over the first Teilpressweglänge L ₁ away in the position shown although the material "M" located in the press channel 3 has been precompressed, but has not yet been compacted into a finished bale.

As already Fig. 2 and Fig. 5 so shows Fig. 7 also in a perspective view a view into the interior of the laterally open press housing 2 - here a channel baler 11 -, in which case, however, the piston rods K21, K22, K23 of the hydraulic cylinders H21, H22, H23 of the second group are extended and the pressure plate 5 on the second Teilpressweglänge L ₂ away into the position shown, the final press position, was advanced, while the intermediate plate 9 in its fixed position according to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 remained. In the process, the material "M" located in the press channel 3 became a finished bale "B" (in FIG. 1) due to the decreasing volume of the press channel 3 Fig. 7 not shown) compressed.

Also during this feed, the inventively provided control and regulating system has ensured that feed path differences of the parallel hydraulic cylinders H21, H22, H23 were adjusted so that the orientation of the pressure plate 5 relative to the pressing direction P and to the inner surfaces of the pressing channel 3 during its displacement has remained constant over the second Teilpressweglänge L ₂ away.

Out Fig. 8 is the basis Fig. 7 described constellation in a non-perspective side view, shown here in a baler baler 12. As can be seen, the pressure plate 5 has been advanced beyond the second partial pressing path length L ₂ into the position shown, the final press position, wherein the material "M" present in the pressing channel 3 has been pressed into a finished bale "B". The intermediate plate 9 is in this process step in its fixed position according to Fig. 5 and Fig. 6 remained.

According to an advantageous embodiment of the baling press 1 according to the invention, in addition to the four hydraulic cylinders H11, H12, H13, H14 of the first group and the three hydraulic cylinders H21, H22, H23 of the second group, preferably when used in a baler baler 12, another Hydraulic cylinder H3 present, which is provided for pushing out the finished pressed bale out of the press channel 3 out. The hydraulic cylinder H3 is fixed to the frame fixed to the pressure plate 5, while its piston rod K3 is passed through the pressure plate 5. In the constellation shown here, the piston rod K3 is not yet extended, whereby the bale is still within the press channel 3 immediately before the press plate 5.

On the other hand shows Fig. 9 the situation with extended piston rod K3 when used in a channel baler 11. In fact, the piston rod K3 is extended so far that the bale can be pushed out of the press channel 3. This is only necessary with a channel baler 11 if its press channel 3, eg for maintenance work, must be free, ie empty.

In Fig. 10 is the basis Fig. 8 described constellation in a non-perspective side view of a baler baler 12 shown.

A work cycle of the baler, which may consist of several press strokes for the purpose of compacting the material M, is completed after the final pressing of a bale "B" and its binding and ejection by the piston rods K11, K12, K13, K14 of the hydraulic cylinders H11, H12, H13 , H14 of the first group, the piston rods K21, K22, K23 of the hydraulic cylinders H21, H22, H23 of the second group and the piston rod K3 of the hydraulic cylinder H3 retracted and so the piston rod K3, the intermediate plate 9 and the pressure plate 5 back to their original positions become.

While the hydraulic cylinders H11, H12, H13, H14 and H21, H22, H23, H3 for extending the piston rods K11, K12, K13, K14 and K21, K22, K23 and K3 according to the steps according to Fig. 1 to Fig. 10 can be controlled in groups one after the other, the retraction of the piston rods K11, K12, K13, K14, K21, K22, K23, K3 can optionally be provided either temporally one after the other or at the same time.

Using the example of a hydraulic circuit diagram shows Fig. 11 an inventive individual control of the hydraulic cylinder H11, H12, H13, H14 or H21, H22, H23 and H3 by means of four drive units A1 to A4. How out Fig. 11 can be seen, the hydraulic cylinder H11 and the hydraulic cylinder H21 assigned to a drive unit A1, the hydraulic cylinder H12 and the hydraulic cylinder H22 assigned a drive unit A2, the hydraulic cylinder H13 and the hydraulic cylinder H23 assigned a drive unit A3 and the hydraulic cylinder H14 and the hydraulic cylinder H3 assigned a drive unit A4 , In the hydraulic lines between the drive units A1 ... A4 and the respective associated hydraulic cylinders H11 ... H14; H21 ... H23; H3 are 4/3-way valves V11, V21; V12, V22; V13, V23; V14, V3 with blocking agent position and two flow paths arranged to alternately pressurize the hydraulic cylinder.

Thus, each of the hydraulic cylinders H11 ... H14; H21 ... H23; H3 separately and individually controlled by a separately assigned drive unit A1 ... A4. The power units A1 ... A4, and preferably also the 4/3-way valves V11, V21; V12, V22; V13 V23, V14, V3, for example, are placed in a hydraulic module 45, which is preferably arranged on the housing 2.

Finally, it should be noted that terms such as "top", "bottom", "left" and "right" in the description refer only to the figures concerned and thus can deviate from reality. Also, the proportions in reality may be different from the figures. Furthermore, the figures are not exact technical drawings but are merely intended to show the character of the invention. With respect to the reference numerals, it is noted that like numbers throughout the various figures indicate like components and each have the same meaning, even though they are not expressly referred to in the description of the embodiments. The meaning of reference numerals not mentioned in the description results from the list of reference numerals as a whole and / or from the disclosure in the figures.

The invention also includes, in particular, variants that can be formed by combining features or elements described in connection with the present invention. Thus, according to an embodiment not included in the figures, the measurement of the distances between the measuring and the reference points instead of using optical means with mechanically or acoustically acting means, for. B. with Wire sensors. Draw wire sensors, which are also called rope length sensors, are compact sensors and also inexpensive. They can be used to precisely determine the position or position change of objects. Core components of a cable pull sensor are a sensor element (eg potentiometer or encoder) and a precision measuring cable. With the sensor element, the path change is converted into a proportional electrical signal. Cable pullers are very maintenance-free, reliable and very quick and easy to assemble.

In the description, the provided according to the invention in each of the two groups of hydraulic cylinders minimum number of hydraulic cylinders has already been mentioned; also possible and advantageous further embodiments of their respective number. According to the intended for such a baler parameters, such as the maximum pressing force or the nature of the pressed waste material or the size of the housing of the baler or the maximum size / weight of the produced bales of waste material, in the application of the invention, the number of in the first group and arranged in the second group of hydraulic cylinders differ from the already mentioned embodiments. According to such a further embodiment, the first group of hydraulic cylinders includes three hydraulic cylinders connected in parallel and the second group of hydraulic cylinders includes five hydraulic cylinders connected in parallel; Further variants with regard to the number of hydraulic cylinders in the individual groups are possible.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

1

Baler (horizontal design)

2

press housing

3

Press channel

4

fill opening

5

press plate

6

Press area

7

room

8th

Wall (rear wall;

9

intermediate plate

10

Door (counter plate, counter bearing)

11

Channel baler (baler horizontal design)

12

Press box baler (baler of horizontal design)

30

Distance measuring device (for example for transit time measurement, optical)

31, 32, 33

Measuring points (collinear)

34

Evaluation unit (preferably in the control module)

35, 36, 37

Reference points (fixed to the frame)

38, 39, 40

Signal lines (from pos. 35, 36, 37 to pos. 34)

41, 42, 43, 44

Signal lines (from pos. 34 to pos. A1, A2, A3 or A4)

45

hydraulic module

A1 ... A4

power units

B

Bales (in Pos. 11 or 12 pressed from the material M bales)

H1, H2

Groups (of hydraulic cylinders H11 ... H14 or H21 ... H23)

H11 ... H14

hydraulic cylinders

H21 ... H23

hydraulic cylinders

H3

hydraulic cylinders

K11 ... K14

piston rods

K21 ... K23

piston rods

K3

piston rod

L ₁

first partial pressing path length

L ₂

second Teilpressweglänge

L _ges

Press path length total

M

material

P

pressing direction

V11 V14 ...

way valves

V21 V23 ...

way valves

V3

way valve

Claims (9)

1. A baler (1, 11, 12) for compressing compressible loose material (M) the baler comprising:

   - a press channel (3) with a fill in opening (4) for the loose material (M),

   - a press plate (5) that is movably arranged in the press channel (3) over a predetermined press path length (Lges) and that includes a press surface (6) that is in contact with the material to be compressed,

   - plural hydraulic cylinders (H11, H12..., H21, H22...) that are coupled with electrohydraulic drive units

   - to generate a press force,

   - to advance the press plate (5) over the predetermined press path length (Lges) to introduce the press force into the filled in material (M), and

   - to return the press plate (5) into a starting position,

   - a control and regulation system configured to control and maintain a spatial orientation of the press surface (6) during a forward movement of the press plate (5) over the entire press path length (Lges),

   characterized by

   - a first group (H1) including hydraulic cylinders (H11, H12...) connected in parallel and individually controllable for generating and transmitting the press force onto an intermediary plate (9) that is arranged jointly movable with the press plate (5) in the press direction (P),

   - a second group (H2) of hydraulic cylinders (H21, H22...) that are connected in parallel and individually controllable to generate and transmits the press force upon the press plate (5) so that the press plate (5) is movable by the hydraulic cylinders (H21, H22...) relative to the intermediary plate.
2. The baler (1; 11; 12) according to claim 1, wherein the control and regulation system includes

   - a distance measuring arrangement (30) for sequentially measuring actual distances of at least three co-linear measuring points (31, 32, 33) on the moving press surface (6) or press plate (5) from frame based reference points (35, 36 37) which define a nominal alignment of the press surface (6),

   - measuring result processing (34) to determine deviations of actual distances from predetermined nominal distances, and

   - a control circuit connected with the drive units (A1, A2, A3, A4) to vary a drive power to compensate differences between the actual distances and the nominal distances through the hydraulic cylinders (H11, H12... Hn and H21, H22... Hn) in real time.
3. The baler (1, 11, 12) according to claim 2, where the distance measurement between the measurement points and the reference points (31, 32, 33; 35, 36, 37) is provided

   - optically by run time measurement, laser triangulation or processing a phase orientation of reflected laser radiation,

   - by potentiometer,

   - by magnetic sensors,

   - pneumatically or

   - based on Eddy current measurements.
4. The baler (1; 11; 12) according to claim 1, comprising a control and regulation system, wherein the electrohydraulic drives and the associated hydraulic cylinders are connected with each other to compensate differences of reaction forces impacting the individual hydraulic cylinders (H11, H12... Hn and H21, H22... Hn) during compressing

   - through a synchronizing system and/or

   - through a position control system,

   - so that an alignment of the press plate (5) relative to the press direction (P) is constant over an entire movement along the press path length (Lges).
5. The baler (1; 11; 12) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein

   - each hydraulic cylinder (H11, H12... Hn and H21, H22... Hn) is associated with a separate drive unit (A1,... A4) and each drive unit (A1,... A4) includes a hydraulic pump and a frequency inverter,

   - the hydraulic cylinders (H11, H12... Hn and H21, H22...Hn) are connected in parallel in groups,

   - a first group (H1) of the hydraulic cylinders (H11, H12... Hn) connected in parallel are provided to generate the pressing force and transmitting the pressing force to a displaceable intermediary plate (9), wherein the intermediary plate (9) is displaceable together with the press plate (5) about a first partial pressing path length (L1),

   - a second group (H2) of hydraulic cylinders (H21, H22...Hn) that are connected in parallel is provided to generate the pressing force and to transmit the pressing force onto the press plate (5) wherein the press plate (5) is displaceable relative to the intermediary plate (9) about a second partial press path length (L2),

   - wherein the first partial press path length (L1) plus the second partial press path length (L2) equals the total press path length (Lges), and

   - wherein the intermediary plate (9) is fixated when the first partial press path length (L1) is reached.
6. The baler (1; 11; 12) according to claim 5, wherein

   - the hydraulic cylinders (H11, H12... Hn) of the first group (H1) are arranged so that they pull or press the intermediary plate (9) and/or the press plate (5) in the press direction (P), and

   - the hydraulic cylinders (H21, H22...Hn) of the second group (H2) are arranged so that they pull or press the press plate (5) in the pressing direction (P).
7. The baler (1; 11; 12) according to claim 6, wherein

   - the first group (H1) advantageously includes four hydraulic cylinders (H11... H14) that are connected in parallel,

   - the second group (H2) advantageously includes three parallel connected hydraulic cylinders (H21... H23).
8. The baler (1; 11; 12) according to one of the preceding claims, wherein an additional hydraulic cylinder (H3) is provided that is connected with the press plate (5) and configured to eject a completely pressed bale from the press channel (3) after the press path length (Lges) is reached.
9. The baler (1; 11, 12) according to claim 8, wherein

   - a drive unit (A1...A3) is jointly associated with one of three hydraulic cylinders (H11... H13) of the first group (A1) and one of the three hydraulic cylinders (H21, H23) of the second group (H2), and

   - a joint drive unit (A4) is associated with the fourth hydraulic cylinder (H14) of the first group (H1) and the hydraulic cylinder (H3) provided for ejecting the bale,

   - wherein a 4/3 way valve (V11, V21; V12, V22; V13, V23; V14, V3) with a blocking intermediary position and two flow through paths for alternatively loading the hydraulic cylinders is arranged in a hydraulic conduit between each of the drive units (A1... A4) and the respectively associated hydraulic cylinders (H11... H14; H21... H23; H3).

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