EP2936532A2 - Vorrichtung und verfahren zum betrieb eines elektromagnetischen schaltgeräteantriebs - Google Patents
Vorrichtung und verfahren zum betrieb eines elektromagnetischen schaltgeräteantriebsInfo
- Publication number
- EP2936532A2 EP2936532A2 EP13814148.6A EP13814148A EP2936532A2 EP 2936532 A2 EP2936532 A2 EP 2936532A2 EP 13814148 A EP13814148 A EP 13814148A EP 2936532 A2 EP2936532 A2 EP 2936532A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- signal
- coil
- tightening
- drive
- measurement
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
- H01H47/00—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current
- H01H47/22—Circuit arrangements not adapted to a particular application of the relay and designed to obtain desired operating characteristics or to provide energising current for supplying energising current for relay coil
- H01H47/32—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device
- H01H47/325—Energising current supplied by semiconductor device by switching regulator
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
- H01F7/1844—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
- H01F—MAGNETS; INDUCTANCES; TRANSFORMERS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR MAGNETIC PROPERTIES
- H01F7/00—Magnets
- H01F7/06—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets
- H01F7/08—Electromagnets; Actuators including electromagnets with armatures
- H01F7/18—Circuit arrangements for obtaining desired operating characteristics, e.g. for slow operation, for sequential energisation of windings, for high-speed energisation of windings
- H01F7/1844—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits
- H01F2007/1866—Monitoring or fail-safe circuits with regulation loop
Definitions
- a magnetic field is built in a switching operation in the drive, on the one hand is sufficiently strong to drive the drive mechanism, on the other hand, but not excessive, to avoid damage to the drive mechanism. Damage can arise, for example, when the magnetic field built up by a tightening coil during the tightening process is so strong that so-called contact bouncing occurs. In this case, a contact with high kinetic energy strikes his counter-contact and bounces back again. Depending on the kinetic energy, the contact bounce can repeat several times before finally establishing a permanent contact. This can damage the contacts mechanically. In addition, especially when switching high power during contact bouncing unwanted arcing, which can lead to a contact erosion.
- a regulation of the movement of an armature of an electromagnetic contactor drive as a function of the armature position is known from US 2006/0171091 A1.
- the current anchor position may be based on the measurement of the magnetic flux of the Suit coil can be estimated by a processor coil by means of a sensor coil. For estimation, the ratio of measured pull coil current to magnetic flux can be evaluated.
- a control that only controls the magnetic flux in the drive is not able to respond to different power requirements of the drive through different strokes or mounting positions. The speeds of the mechanics of shooters vary considerably when the stroke is changed within the tolerance range. The installation position also influences the speed.
- An object of the present invention is to propose an apparatus and / or a method for improved and / or less complex operation of an electromagnetic drive, whereby the speed fluctuations are reduced.
- the inventive device for operating an electromagnetic switching device drive with a tightening coil has a transducer for generating a signal magnitude corresponding to a magnetic flux of the tightening coil, and a controller for setting a signal for driving the tightening coil during the tightening operation in response to a control difference from a reference variable and the signal size.
- the reference variable preferably predetermines a determined nominal value course of the magnetic flux of the tightening coil during the tightening process.
- control is thus combined with the advantages of a control.
- Monitoring the control and adapting the reference variable function during the tightening process by means of a control system reduces the speed fluctuations caused by stroke tolerances and changes in the installation position and can not be compensated by the setpoint-controlled control. This increases the life of the main contacts.
- the transducer is provided for generating the signal magnitude based on an induction voltage generated in a coupled to the tightening coil measuring coil by the magnetic flux of the tightening coil in a tightening operation of the drive.
- An existing in the switching device holding coil can be advantageously used as a measuring coil.
- the terms holding coil and measuring coil are therefore used synonymously.
- a magnetic field sensor may be provided to measure the magnetic flux of the tightening coil.
- the device according to the invention can be advantageously used in any switching device which is driven by means of electromagnets.
- the signal for driving the tightening coil is basically any suitable signal for driving tightening coils.
- the signal is a pulse width modulated signal, wherein the controller is then provided for continuously setting a pulse width of the pulse width modulated signal. It is particularly preferred that the controller has a P controller, wherein the pulse width of the pulse width modulated signal is adjustable in proportion to the control difference.
- the transducer and / or the controller are preferably implemented by a processor and a memory in which a program for calculating the signal magnitude based on the measured induction voltage, to form the control difference from the reference variable and the signal supplied to the processor signal magnitude and for regulating the signal is stored by the control difference. Further preferably, a program for monitoring the control is stored, which adjusts the reference variable in response to a change in the signal for driving the tightening coil.
- Another object of the invention is a switching device, in particular a contactor, with an electromagnetic switching device drive, which has a tightening coil, wherein a Device according to the invention is provided for operating the electromagnetic switching device drive.
- Another object of the invention is a method for operating an electromagnetic switching device drive with a tightening coil, wherein a signal corresponding to the magnetic flux of the tightening coil signal size is generated by a transducer, and wherein a controller for a signal for driving the tightening coil during the tightening operation in response to a Control difference from a reference variable and the signal size is set.
- the control is monitored by a controller, wherein the reference variable is adjusted in response to a change in the signal for driving the tightening coil.
- a previously determined setpoint course of the magnetic flux of the tightening coil during the tightening process is preferably used as an initial reference variable of the control.
- the setpoint course is determined in particular as a function of the supply voltage of the drive and / or the temperature of the tightening coil.
- the measuring transducer preferably measures an induction voltage generated in a measuring coil coupled to the tightening coil by the magnetic flux of the tightening coil during a tightening operation of the drive and sets the signal magnitude on the basis of the measured induction voltage.
- the signal for driving the tightening coil is preferably a pulse width modulated signal, wherein the controller continuously adjusts a pulse width of the pulse width modulated signal.
- the controller has a P controller, wherein the pulse width of the pulse width modulated signal is set proportional to the control difference.
- a first measurement of the signal is made at the beginning of a tightening process, at the first time the drive regardless of influencing factors, ie input voltage, temperature, mounting position and lifting tolerances not is in motion, and that a second measurement of the signal at a time after the first measurement is made, the second time so It is selected that it depends on the influencing variables, whether the drive is either not yet in motion, or is already in motion. Further preferably, the values of the signal in the first measurement and in the second measurement are averaged over a period of time.
- the measured value of the signal of the first measurement is compared with the measured value of the signal of the second measurement, and the ratio is used as a correction factor for adjusting the reference variable.
- FIG. 1 is a block diagram of an embodiment of an apparatus for operating an electromagnetic drive according to the invention
- Fig. 2 is a simplified circuit diagram of an embodiment of a contactor of high power, in which a device according to the invention is integrated.
- FIG. 1 shows a block diagram of the device according to the invention, in particular for an electromagnetic drive of a contactor of high power.
- the contactor drive has a tightening coil 28 and a holding coil 26, which form a controlled system 12.
- the holding coil 26 is coupled to the tightening coil 28 so that the same magnetic flux ⁇ acts in both coils.
- a voltage UHalt -N ⁇ dO / dt is established via the holding coil 26 when a magnetic flux ⁇ is generated by the tightening coil during the tightening process.
- the voltage UHalt corresponds to an induced voltage Ulnd, which is designated in FIG. 1 as quantity x.
- a transducer 14 calculates the time-dependent magnetic flux ⁇ (t) from the voltage magnitude x and outputs the calculated flux as the signal quantity wx.
- the control difference xd generated by the subtractor 18 is supplied to a controller 16 with a microprocessor 20 and an actuator 21 for the pulse width of a pulse width modulated signal (P WM signal), the controller 16 depending on the control difference xd and an input voltage Uin the pulse width of a pulse width modulated Sets signal y for driving the suiting coil 28.
- the PWM signal y has a period T. During each period T, the signal y is turned on for the specified time, on-time, or on-time. The on-time corresponds to the Pulse width of the signal y during each period T and determines the magnetic flux generated in the suiting coil 28 ⁇ (t), since the energized coil 28 is energized when the signal y.
- the on-time is determined by the controller 16 depending on the control difference xd.
- a minimum and a maximum value are predetermined, which in extreme cases may have the values 0 and T, respectively.
- the on-time can be set, for example, proportionally to xd.
- the controller 16 implements a P-controller, which proportionally converts the control difference xd into the on-time.
- a reference variable w determines the behavior of the control.
- This reference variable w is optimized for a contactor which has the largest possible stroke.
- the controller is able to control different temperatures of the coil or different supply voltages Uein.
- Mechanical influences can be, for example, manufacturing tolerances.
- a contactor can also have smaller strokes. With a smaller stroke, a higher speed is measured during the contact closure or the armature core shock.
- the installation position also plays a role when it comes to the required force that must be applied by the contactor drive. The higher speeds result from higher accelerations and are directly related to the forces acting on the mechanics.
- the required power requirement is determined in the first phases of the tightening process and the reference variable function w is adjusted on the basis of the determined values.
- the stored reference variable w is determined by applying a DC voltage, the so-called trip voltage.
- the magnetic flux is absorbed during the tightening process.
- the time course of the magnetic flux from the application of the voltage to the armature core shock is used as a reference variable w. This process preferably takes place at the largest possible stroke.
- This one Reference variable w is always used unchanged in the prior art methods, always the same magnetic forces are built, although they are not always needed. This is the case, for example, when the contactor is not mounted on the wall but on a table. Then in addition to the magnetic forces and the acceleration of gravity acts on the drive.
- the task of the control 16 is to ensure, during the tightening phase, that the prescribed magnetic flux is generated in the suiting coil 28.
- the on-time of the controller 16 must be set so that in the suit coil 28 with its ohmic resistance of the magnetic flux can be established. This process depends on the inductance of the attraction coil 28 and the resistance of the copper of the coil.
- the inductance LAnzug of the attraction coil is inversely proportional to the air gap and thus to the path s.
- the coil resistance Reu depends on the temperature. If the temperature influence can be eliminated or is minimal, the behavior of the control 16 is only dependent on the air gap.
- a second measurement of the y values by the monitor 40 is made at a time after the first measurement when the drive is either not yet in motion or has already started to move.
- the time of the second measurement is chosen so that at a high power requirement of the drive this is not yet in motion, while at a lower power requirement of the drive this will have already set in motion.
- the measured values of the first measurement of the y values and the second measurement of the y values will be substantially the same.
- the air gap sAir is already reduced compared to its initial value at the time of the second measurement. As the air gap decreases, the inductance LAnz of the attraction coil 28 increases:
- the controller 16 responds by lowering the PWM (y) to prevent this.
- the method can also be started with the smallest guide curve w. Then, the second measurement must be made at a time when the drive with the smallest stroke must already be in motion, while the one with a larger stroke has not or only very slightly moved.
- the voltage Ulnd is induced in the holding coil 26 due to the magnetic flux generated by the tightening coil 28.
- This voltage Ulnd is converted via a resistor network 24, in particular a voltage divider, into a voltage which is supplied to an input of a microprocessor or controller of the control 16 for further processing.
- the microprocessor or controller of the controller 16 executes a stored in a (not shown) memory operating program of the contactor, which implements the control 16 shown in Figure 1 in principle.
- the control variable w for the control is stored as setpoint curve 22 of the magnetic flux ⁇ (t) during the tightening process and is read out for the purposes of the control 16.
- a magnetic sensor such as a Hall sensor or GMR (Giant Magneto Resistance), may alternatively be provided instead of the measuring coil 26.
- the regulation 16 of the electromagnetic drive of a switching device can be generated by setting a defined magnetic flux ⁇ of the tightening coil 28 of the electromagnetic drive, whereby the input voltage and temperature of the tightening coil can be achieved almost independent behavior of the drive.
- the control 16 which regulates only the magnetic flux in the drive, but is not able to respond to different power needs of the drive at different strokes or mounting positions. Therefore, the advantage of the control 16, namely independence from voltage and temperature of the system, is combined with the advantages of the control 4 by providing monitoring of the control 16 and adjustment of the command variable function w during the tightening operation by the controller 4.
- the invention can be applied in any switching device that is driven by means of electromagnets. For contactors of high performance, the use is particularly advantageous.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Electromagnetism (AREA)
- Relay Circuits (AREA)
- Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
- Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE102012112692.5A DE102012112692A1 (de) | 2012-12-20 | 2012-12-20 | Vorrichtung und Verfahren zum Betrieb eines elektromagnetischen Schaltgeräteantriebs |
| PCT/EP2013/077811 WO2014096410A2 (de) | 2012-12-20 | 2013-12-20 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum betrieb eines elektromagnetischen schaltgeräteantriebs |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP2936532A2 true EP2936532A2 (de) | 2015-10-28 |
| EP2936532B1 EP2936532B1 (de) | 2020-08-26 |
Family
ID=49883104
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP13814148.6A Active EP2936532B1 (de) | 2012-12-20 | 2013-12-20 | Vorrichtung und verfahren zum betrieb eines elektromagnetischen schaltgeräteantriebs |
Country Status (3)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP2936532B1 (de) |
| DE (1) | DE102012112692A1 (de) |
| WO (1) | WO2014096410A2 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE102019101074B4 (de) * | 2019-01-16 | 2021-08-12 | Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg | Relais, Anordnung und Verfahren zum Bestimmen einer Ankerstellung eines Relais |
Family Cites Families (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3047488A1 (de) * | 1980-12-17 | 1982-07-22 | Brown, Boveri & Cie Ag, 6800 Mannheim | Elektronische schaltungsanordnung fuer ein elektromagnetisches schaltgeraet |
| GB2112213B (en) * | 1981-12-21 | 1985-12-11 | Gen Electric | Electromagnetic contactor with flux sensor |
| DE19535211C2 (de) * | 1995-09-22 | 2001-04-26 | Univ Dresden Tech | Verfahren zur Regelung der Ankerbewegung für ein Schaltgerät |
| EP0865660B1 (de) * | 1995-12-05 | 2000-02-16 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Ansteuergerät für schaltgeräte |
| DE19605974A1 (de) * | 1996-02-06 | 1997-08-07 | Kloeckner Moeller Gmbh | Elektronische Schaltmagnetansteuerung zum Einschalten und Halten eines Schützes |
| US6942469B2 (en) | 1997-06-26 | 2005-09-13 | Crystal Investments, Inc. | Solenoid cassette pump with servo controlled volume detection |
| DE19807875A1 (de) * | 1998-02-25 | 1999-08-26 | Fev Motorentech Gmbh | Verfahren zur Regelung der Ankerauftreffgeschwindigkeit an einem elektromagnetischen Aktuator durch extrapolierende Abschätzung der Energieeinspeisung |
| WO2001039228A1 (de) * | 1999-11-25 | 2001-05-31 | Siemens Aktiengesellschaft | Elektromagnetisches schaltgerät |
| DE10141847A1 (de) * | 2001-08-27 | 2003-04-03 | Ruediger Kress | Regler |
| EP1300862A1 (de) * | 2001-10-04 | 2003-04-09 | Moeller GmbH | Elektronische Anordnung zur Steuerung eines Schützantriebes |
| JP4345416B2 (ja) * | 2003-06-03 | 2009-10-14 | トヨタ自動車株式会社 | 車輌の制動力制御装置 |
| DE10360799B4 (de) * | 2003-12-23 | 2008-06-12 | Bayerische Motoren Werke Ag | Verfahren zur Regelung eines elektromagnetischen Aktuators |
-
2012
- 2012-12-20 DE DE102012112692.5A patent/DE102012112692A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-12-20 WO PCT/EP2013/077811 patent/WO2014096410A2/de not_active Ceased
- 2013-12-20 EP EP13814148.6A patent/EP2936532B1/de active Active
Non-Patent Citations (1)
| Title |
|---|
| See references of WO2014096410A2 * |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO2014096410A3 (de) | 2014-11-20 |
| EP2936532B1 (de) | 2020-08-26 |
| DE102012112692A1 (de) | 2014-06-26 |
| WO2014096410A2 (de) | 2014-06-26 |
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