EP2935657A1 - Vorrichtung zur reduktion eines metallions aus einer salzschmelze - Google Patents
Vorrichtung zur reduktion eines metallions aus einer salzschmelzeInfo
- Publication number
- EP2935657A1 EP2935657A1 EP14731206.0A EP14731206A EP2935657A1 EP 2935657 A1 EP2935657 A1 EP 2935657A1 EP 14731206 A EP14731206 A EP 14731206A EP 2935657 A1 EP2935657 A1 EP 2935657A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- molten salt
- rare earth
- anode
- cathode
- electrolysis
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 title claims abstract description 55
- 229910021645 metal ion Inorganic materials 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 229910052761 rare earth metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 40
- -1 oxygen ions Chemical class 0.000 claims description 33
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 30
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 16
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 12
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 12
- 150000002910 rare earth metals Chemical class 0.000 description 11
- 239000003792 electrolyte Substances 0.000 description 10
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 9
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 7
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 7
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 description 7
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 description 7
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 6
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fluorane Chemical compound F KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 5
- 229910019142 PO4 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 150000001450 anions Chemical class 0.000 description 5
- IKNAJTLCCWPIQD-UHFFFAOYSA-K cerium(3+);lanthanum(3+);neodymium(3+);oxygen(2-);phosphate Chemical compound [O-2].[La+3].[Ce+3].[Nd+3].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O IKNAJTLCCWPIQD-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 5
- 229910052590 monazite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 235000021317 phosphate Nutrition 0.000 description 5
- 229910001404 rare earth metal oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 5
- XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Argon Chemical compound [Ar] XKRFYHLGVUSROY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfuric acid Chemical compound OS(O)(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000004820 halides Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- 229910052500 inorganic mineral Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 239000011707 mineral Substances 0.000 description 4
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229910052779 Neodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000470 constituent Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000010439 graphite Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910002804 graphite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000005431 greenhouse gas Substances 0.000 description 3
- 150000002500 ions Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 3
- QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N neodymium atom Chemical compound [Nd] QEFYFXOXNSNQGX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000012071 phase Substances 0.000 description 3
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 229910052684 Cerium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M Chloride anion Chemical compound [Cl-] VEXZGXHMUGYJMC-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 2
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Oxalic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)C(O)=O MUBZPKHOEPUJKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052777 Praseodymium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 2
- 229910052786 argon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000001768 cations Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N cerium Chemical compound [Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce][Ce] ZMIGMASIKSOYAM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000013078 crystal Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000605 extraction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 150000002366 halogen compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052747 lanthanoid Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 150000002602 lanthanoids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229910052746 lanthanum Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N lanthanum atom Chemical compound [La] FZLIPJUXYLNCLC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000155 melt Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000002739 metals Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000012074 organic phase Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000003647 oxidation Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000007254 oxidation reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 2
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K phosphate Chemical compound [O-]P([O-])([O-])=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-K 0.000 description 2
- 239000010452 phosphate Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000003013 phosphoric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N praseodymium atom Chemical compound [Pr] PUDIUYLPXJFUGB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 238000001556 precipitation Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 2
- 231100000331 toxic Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000002588 toxic effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Carbonate Chemical compound [O-]C([O-])=O BVKZGUZCCUSVTD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dioxygen Chemical compound O=O MYMOFIZGZYHOMD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052692 Dysprosium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052691 Erbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052693 Europium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Fluoride anion Chemical compound [F-] KRHYYFGTRYWZRS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 229910052688 Gadolinium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052689 Holmium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052765 Lutetium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910002651 NO3 Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nitrate Chemical compound [O-][N+]([O-])=O NHNBFGGVMKEFGY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052772 Samarium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052771 Terbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229910052769 Ytterbium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010405 anode material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052586 apatite Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000008346 aqueous phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001354 calcination Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000001722 carbon compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000001805 chlorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000004140 cleaning Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000000151 deposition Methods 0.000 description 1
- KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dysprosium atom Chemical compound [Dy] KBQHZAAAGSGFKK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N erbium Chemical compound [Er] UYAHIZSMUZPPFV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N europium atom Chemical compound [Eu] OGPBJKLSAFTDLK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005188 flotation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052731 fluorine Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011737 fluorine Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002222 fluorine compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N gadolinium atom Chemical compound [Gd] UIWYJDYFSGRHKR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N holmium atom Chemical compound [Ho] KJZYNXUDTRRSPN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000040 hydrogen fluoride Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen iodide Chemical compound I XMBWDFGMSWQBCA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003350 kerosene Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002386 leaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N lutetium atom Chemical compound [Lu] OHSVLFRHMCKCQY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052756 noble gas Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003960 organic solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D pentacalcium;fluoride;triphosphate Chemical compound [F-].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[Ca+2].[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O.[O-]P([O-])([O-])=O VSIIXMUUUJUKCM-UHFFFAOYSA-D 0.000 description 1
- UXBZSSBXGPYSIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N phosphoric acid;yttrium(3+) Chemical compound [Y+3].OP(O)(O)=O UXBZSSBXGPYSIL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000010287 polarization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002994 raw material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000376 reactant Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011819 refractory material Substances 0.000 description 1
- KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N samarium atom Chemical compound [Sm] KZUNJOHGWZRPMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052706 scandium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N scandium atom Chemical compound [Sc] SIXSYDAISGFNSX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003467 sulfuric acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N terbium atom Chemical compound [Tb] GZCRRIHWUXGPOV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 1
- NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N ytterbium Chemical compound [Yb] NAWDYIZEMPQZHO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052727 yttrium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N yttrium atom Chemical compound [Y] VWQVUPCCIRVNHF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000164 yttrium(III) phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/02—Electrodes; Connections thereof
- C25C7/025—Electrodes; Connections thereof used in cells for the electrolysis of melts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/34—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of metals not provided for in groups C25C3/02 - C25C3/32
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/005—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells of cells for the electrolysis of melts
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C7/00—Constructional parts, or assemblies thereof, of cells; Servicing or operating of cells
- C25C7/06—Operating or servicing
Definitions
- the invention relates to a device for reducing a metal ion from a salt melt according to claim 1.
- Rare earth elements which are also called lanthanides in chemistry, are needed in many electronic devices and in the production of magnets.
- the rare earth element neodymium is an important component of permanent magnets used in wind generators.
- the treatment and separation of rare earth elements is basically chemically complex, since the rare earth elements in nature very finely distributed, socialized (especially with each other) and occur in low concentrations.
- the rare earth elements are present in phosphatic compounds, in particular in the crystal structure of monazite or xenotime or as minor constituents in apatite, which in turn occur finely distributed in deposits which may also contain iron.
- a partial step of this elaborate recovery process of rare earth elements in pure form is an electrolysis process in which preferably chlorides or fluorides of the rare earth element are used in molten form as the electrolyte.
- the rare earth oxides dissolved in the electrolyte are converted to metal and C0 / C0 2 .
- perfluorocarbons such as CF 4 or C 2 F 6 , which have a multiple of the greenhouse potential of C0 2 .
- the highly toxic hydrofluoric acid can arise.
- the object of the invention is to provide a device which serves for the reduction of metal ions from metalliferous melts, whereby, compared to the prior art, a lesser emission of harmful greenhouse gases occurs.
- the solution of the problem consists in the device according to claim 1.
- the inventive device for reducing a metal ion in a molten salt comprises an anode and a cathode.
- the device is characterized in that there is a gap for forming an arc between the anode and the molten salt.
- the metal ion is preferably a rare earth metal ion, in which the representation often takes place via the electrolysis of molten salts.
- the device is not limited to the use of rare earth metal ions.
- the molten salt also contains oxygen ions, which is due to the fact that the fact that the
- Rare earth metal ion is originally present in solid form in the form of an oxide.
- An oxide is also subsumed under the term salt.
- the described device has the difference compared to a conventional arc melting plant, that the arc over a gap between the anode and the
- Salt melt surface is present.
- this in which graphite electrodes are dipped into the melt for the purpose of reducing rare earth ions, this in turn means that no carbon compounds are formed which form compounds with the anions, ie, halide ions or oxygen ions.
- no carbon halides are formed, which are particularly harmful to greenhouse gases.
- no hydrogen fluoride is produced in this device, ie, no hydrofluoric acid, which is also highly toxic.
- rare earth elements in particular the so-called lanthanides, inter alia lanthanum, cerium, praseodymium, neodymium, samarium, europium, gadolinium, terbium, dysprosium, holmium, erbium, ytterbium and lutetium understood, but because of their chemical similarities in this case also the yttrium and scandium are counted.
- Rare earths are in turn compounds of rare earth elements, in particular their oxides, which do not include rare earth phosphates.
- the anode consists of a chemically inert, highly conductive material such as copper, which is cooled from the inside if necessary. In this way, any connection between anions which are oxidized in the region of the arc to the corresponding elements and the material of the anode is avoided. It has been found to be particularly advantageous that the molten salt oxygen ions, particularly preferably oxygen ions instead of having halide ions. The oxidation of the oxygen ions produces pure oxygen, which is discharged as O2 through the exhaust gas.
- an electrolysis tank which serves to receive the molten salt.
- This electrolysis tank or its container wall is in direct electrical contact with the cathode.
- electrically conductive components of the electrolysis tank can also serve as a cathode.
- the positively charged cations, ie the metal ions, in particular rare earth metal ions deposit on the container wall and settle on the bottom of the electrolysis container due to their high specific weight.
- the elemental rare earth metal constituents are in electrical contact with the vessel wall and thus with the cathode and again act as a cathode.
- the molten salt that is to say in the region of a cavity above the salt melt in which the anode is also arranged, there is preferably a plasma.
- plasma is meant an ionized gas, for example an ionized noble gas.
- a mixture of argon and nitrogen is introduced as the plasma gas.
- This gas is also referred to as an inert gas because it does not undergo a chemical reaction with either the molten salt or the anode material.
- Figure 1 is a schematic chain of process steps for obtaining rare earth elements from an ore; and Figure 2 is a schematic representation of the electrolysis of a molten salt.
- Figure 1 shows schematically the recovery process of rare earth metals, as exemplified by the mineral
- the mineral monazite is a phosphate in which the metal ions often occur in the form of rare earth metals, in particular cerium, neodymium, lanthanum or praseodymium.
- the metal ions often occur in the form of rare earth metals, in particular cerium, neodymium, lanthanum or praseodymium.
- it is not a homogeneous composition of rare earth metals, but in the crystal structure, the lattice sites of the cations are occupied by different rare earth metals in different concentrations.
- the starting raw materials containing the monazite mineral are first ground very finely and treated in a flotation plant 2 so that the monazite separates as well as possible from the other mineral constituents.
- the monazite is dried and treated according to the prior art in an oven, such as a rotary kiln 4, after prior mixing with sulfuric acid.
- the phosphates are converted into sulfates. This process in the rotary kiln takes place at temperatures up to 650 ° C.
- the conversion of phosphate to sulfate is useful because the rare earth sulfates are significantly more soluble in water than the phosphates of the rare earth metals.
- the sulfuric acid-containing solution of rare earth sulfates is neutralized after treatment in the rotary kiln 4 and a subsequent leaching step in a neutralizer 6, i. the pH is increased by the addition of a basic substance whereby undesirable substances are precipitated and separated so that an aqueous rare earth sulfate solution is present in the remaining liquid.
- This solution obtained from a rare earth compound is usually used in so-called ten mixer-settler devices 8 a liquid / liquid extraction, ie a separation subjected.
- the solution is prepared by mixing an extraction medium dissolved in organic solvents such as kerosene, possibly with further additives, so that the rare earth cations, which have slightly different ion diameters for the same charge, reach different concentrations either in the aqueous part of the solution or in the organic solution Enrich part of the solution.
- the organic phase and the aqueous phase of the mixture are alternately mixed and separated again in a multi-stage separation process, so that certain rare earth ions, depending on the extractant in the organic phase, increasingly concentrated until finally these ions are present in sufficient purity in one phase. This may require up to 200 separation steps per element.
- the rare earth metals thus separated are subsequently precipitated in a precipitation device 10 by addition of a carbonate or oxalate, so that the corresponding rare earth carbonate or oxalate accumulates at the bottom of the precipitation device 10.
- This is in turn calcined in a calcination device, for example in a continuous furnace 12, through which a hot air stream is passed.
- a discrete rare earth oxide is present.
- This discrete rare earth oxide is continuously added to a molten electrolyte of the electrolysis plant 16.
- the electrolyte mainly consists of the corresponding rare earth fluoride.
- the oxide compound dissociates into rare earth cations and oxygen anions in this electrolyte.
- the rare earth cations are reduced to elemental metal at the cathode and collected in a receiver below the cathode.
- the oxygen ions react with the carbon of the anode to C0 / C0 2 , but also fluorine ions enter into compounds with the carbon of the anode and leave together in gaseous form the electrolysis bath.
- the rare earth oxide may optionally be converted into a lower melting salt, e.g. B. converted into an iodide, a chloride or fluoride and in turn be supplied in molten form an electrolysis process, wherein elemental rare earth metal deposits on a cathode of the electrolysis apparatus.
- the metal 20 obtained in liquid form is pumped out of the collecting container below the cathode and poured into ingots.
- This has an anode 26 and a cathode 28.
- a molten salt 24 is attached in an electrolysis tank 34.
- This molten salt 24 can be heated either by a resistance heating (which is not shown here) or via an arc 32, through which a plasma 33 is generated. A combination of several heating methods is also possible.
- a gap 30 is provided between the anode 26 and a surface 42 of the molten salt 24, a gap 30 in which an arc 32 is present when a voltage is applied.
- This arc 32 causes inert gas, in particular a mixture of argon and
- Nitrogen which is introduced by an inert gas 36, is ionized and in the form of a plasma 33 above the surface 42 is present.
- a plasma chamber 44 in which the plasma 43 is present, and which is largely closed to an atmosphere, there is a positive charge.
- the negative charges of the molten salt 24, in particular oxygen ions migrate to the surface 42 of the molten salt, which is also referred to as electrolyte, where they are oxidized at the boundary between the molten salt, so the electrolyte, and the plasma to atomic oxygen.
- the electrolyte should be conductive for rare earth ions, oxygen ions and also for electrons.
- the atomic acid Fabric forms 44 O2 molecules outside of the plasma chamber and leaves through the exhaust outlet 38 the plasma space.
- the anode is a material which, of course, is electrically conductive, but, on the other hand, is inert to all reactants in the electrolysis system. For this, the anode must have an internal water cooling, so that it does not melt at high plasma temperatures.
- copper can be used as the material.
- the anode is not carbon, since carbon with the oxidized elements, especially with the oxygen but also with certain halides, if present in the molten salt, tends to form gases which are highly damaging to the atmosphere, especially strong greenhouse gases.
- the cathode beneath the molten salt is connected in an electrically conductive manner to a container wall 40 of the electrolysis container.
- the container wall 40 can also consist of an electrically conductive material and thus directly form the cathode 28.
- upper regions of the container wall or of the electrolysis container 34 are represented electrically isolated from lower regions.
- the electrolysis tank made of a refractory material, which has a cutout in the lower area, in which a metallic or otherwise conductive cathode 28 is inserted.
- the deposited metal preferably the rare earth metal 20
- the deposited metal may be discharged when in liquid form, or it may be removed in solid, solid form after the molten salt 24 solidifies.
- An essential advantage of the invention consists first of all in the fact that there is a distance between the anode 26 and the electrolyte 24 or the molten salt 24, that is, the materials of the electrode do not come into direct contact with the molten salt 24, but only indirectly via the
- Arc 32 are energetically interconnected. Another important point is that opposite polarization is performed in comparison with conventional arc processes, so that the anode is above the molten salt and the arc 32 prevails between the anode and the molten salt. This in turn means that the now elemental, oxidized anions, which are usually in gaseous form, rise upwards and can escape from the device via the plasma chamber 44 and the exhaust gas outlet 38. Furthermore, it is possible by this arrangement that settles down as recoverable elemental metal at the bottom of the device at the cathode 28. Thus, a high degree of purity of the deposited metal 20 is also achieved here.
- Another advantage consists in choosing the material of the molten salt 24 so that as few halides as possible and as many oxygen ions as possible are present, so that no harmful halogen compounds or elemental halogens are present in the molten salt
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Manufacture And Refinement Of Metals (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102013211922.4A DE102013211922A1 (de) | 2013-06-24 | 2013-06-24 | Vorrichtung zur Reduktion eines Metallions aus einer Salzschmelze |
PCT/EP2014/062216 WO2014206746A1 (de) | 2013-06-24 | 2014-06-12 | Vorrichtung zur reduktion eines metallions aus einer salzschmelze |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP2935657A1 true EP2935657A1 (de) | 2015-10-28 |
Family
ID=50976614
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP14731206.0A Withdrawn EP2935657A1 (de) | 2013-06-24 | 2014-06-12 | Vorrichtung zur reduktion eines metallions aus einer salzschmelze |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20160102411A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2935657A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102013211922A1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO2014206746A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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EP3315634B1 (de) * | 2016-10-28 | 2020-02-19 | Sintef TTO AS | Verfahren zur elektrochemischen herstellung von seltenerdlegierungen und metallen mit einer zusammengesetzten anode |
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US3018233A (en) * | 1960-02-09 | 1962-01-23 | Manganese Chemicals Corp | Producing manganese by fused salt electrolysis, and apparatus therefor |
US5976345A (en) * | 1997-01-06 | 1999-11-02 | Boston University | Method and apparatus for metal extraction and sensor device related thereto |
EP1257678B1 (de) * | 2000-02-22 | 2007-09-05 | Metalysis Limited | Verfahren zur herstellung von metallschaum durch elektrolytische reduktion poröser oxidischer vorformen |
JP2006063359A (ja) * | 2004-08-24 | 2006-03-09 | Sumitomo Titanium Corp | 金属の製造方法および装置 |
JP4755567B2 (ja) * | 2006-10-26 | 2011-08-24 | 学校法人同志社 | プラズマ誘起電解による微粒子の製造方法およびその装置 |
JP2009228038A (ja) * | 2008-03-21 | 2009-10-08 | Akita Prefectural Univ | アーク電極による溶融塩電気分解方法および装置 |
WO2012060208A1 (ja) * | 2010-11-02 | 2012-05-10 | 学校法人同志社 | 金属微粒子の製造方法 |
US20140124366A1 (en) * | 2011-06-30 | 2014-05-08 | Jx Nippon Mining & Metals Corporation | High-purity erbium, sputtering target comprising high-purity erbium, metal gate film having high-purity erbium as main component thereof, and production method for high-purity erbium |
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2013
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2014
- 2014-06-12 WO PCT/EP2014/062216 patent/WO2014206746A1/de active Application Filing
- 2014-06-12 EP EP14731206.0A patent/EP2935657A1/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2014-06-12 US US14/770,060 patent/US20160102411A1/en not_active Abandoned
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Also Published As
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DE102013211922A1 (de) | 2014-12-24 |
WO2014206746A1 (de) | 2014-12-31 |
US20160102411A1 (en) | 2016-04-14 |
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