EP2927335B1 - Alliage bronze-aluminium, procédé de fabrication et produit en bronze-aluminium - Google Patents

Alliage bronze-aluminium, procédé de fabrication et produit en bronze-aluminium Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2927335B1
EP2927335B1 EP14163339.6A EP14163339A EP2927335B1 EP 2927335 B1 EP2927335 B1 EP 2927335B1 EP 14163339 A EP14163339 A EP 14163339A EP 2927335 B1 EP2927335 B1 EP 2927335B1
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Prior art keywords
weight
alloy
range
aluminium bronze
lies
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EP14163339.6A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2927335A1 (fr
Inventor
Björn Reetz Dr.
Thomas Plett
Hermann Gummert
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Otto Fuchs KG
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Otto Fuchs KG
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Priority to ES14163339.6T priority Critical patent/ES2596512T3/es
Application filed by Otto Fuchs KG filed Critical Otto Fuchs KG
Priority to EP14163339.6A priority patent/EP2927335B1/fr
Priority to KR1020167022732A priority patent/KR101742003B1/ko
Priority to KR1020177012181A priority patent/KR101784748B1/ko
Priority to PCT/EP2015/056672 priority patent/WO2015150245A1/fr
Priority to RU2016135072A priority patent/RU2660543C2/ru
Priority to US15/119,073 priority patent/US10280497B2/en
Priority to CN201580012998.XA priority patent/CN106133158B/zh
Priority to BR112016018821-7A priority patent/BR112016018821B1/pt
Priority to JP2016560495A priority patent/JP6374530B2/ja
Publication of EP2927335A1 publication Critical patent/EP2927335A1/fr
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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D21/00—Casting non-ferrous metals or metallic compounds so far as their metallurgical properties are of importance for the casting procedure; Selection of compositions therefor
    • B22D21/002—Castings of light metals
    • B22D21/005—Castings of light metals with high melting point, e.g. Be 1280 degrees C, Ti 1725 degrees C
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22C—ALLOYS
    • C22C9/00—Alloys based on copper
    • C22C9/01—Alloys based on copper with aluminium as the next major constituent
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C22—METALLURGY; FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS ALLOYS; TREATMENT OF ALLOYS OR NON-FERROUS METALS
    • C22F—CHANGING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF NON-FERROUS METALS AND NON-FERROUS ALLOYS
    • C22F1/00—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working
    • C22F1/08—Changing the physical structure of non-ferrous metals or alloys by heat treatment or by hot or cold working of copper or alloys based thereon

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an aluminum bronze alloy and to a production process for an aluminum bronze alloy. Further, the invention deals with a product of such an aluminum bronze.
  • alloys for friction applications such as those for piston liners or thrust bearings of a turbocharger
  • a suitable alloy must have a low coefficient of friction in order to minimize the power dissipation caused by the friction and to reduce the heat development in the area of the friction contact.
  • the friction partners are in a lubricant environment, where in principle a good adhesion of the lubricant to the alloy is required.
  • a stable tribological layer is to be formed, which, like the subordinate base matrix of the alloy, must have high thermal stability and good thermal conductivity.
  • a broadband oil compatibility is required, so that a substantial insensitivity of the alloy and the tribological layers to changes in the lubricant results.
  • the objective is to provide a high mechanical strength alloy, which has a sufficiently high 0.2% proof strength to keep plastic deformation under load low. Furthermore, a high tensile strength and hardness must be present so that the alloy withstands abrasive and adhesive loads. The dynamic load capacity should be so high that a good toughness against impact stresses is given. In addition, the highest possible fracture toughness slows down the crack growth rate starting from microdefects, with an alloy being required which is as free of residual stresses as possible in terms of defect growth.
  • Suitable alloys for components with a tendency to rust are in many cases special brasses which, in addition to copper and zinc as main constituents, are an alloy at least one of the elements nickel, iron, manganese, aluminum, silicon, titanium or chromium.
  • silicon brasses meet the above-mentioned requirements, with CuZn31Si1 representing a standard alloy for friction applications, for example for piston liners.
  • tin bronzes which in addition to tin and copper additionally nickel, zinc, iron and manganese, for Reibanengine or for mining applications.
  • aluminum bronzes which, in addition to copper and aluminum, may contain alloying additives selected from the group consisting of nickel, iron, manganese, aluminum, silicon, tin and zinc.
  • a use of a copper-aluminum alloy with a cover layer of aluminum oxide for use as a bearing material for the production of a sliding bearing is known from DE 101 59 949 C1 known.
  • An aluminum content of 0.01 to 20% and the use of further choice elements from the group of iron, cobalt, manganese, nickel, silicon, tin up to a maximum of 20% and optionally up to 45% zinc are disclosed.
  • Other broadband alloy compositions for silicon bronze are by US 6,699,337 B2 .
  • JP 04221033 A and DE 22 39 467 A such as JP 10298678 A described.
  • the object of the invention based on the prior art outlined above, is to propose an aluminum bronze alloy and a product of an aluminum bronze alloy, which are distinguished by improved mechanical properties and, in particular, by good adjustability of the material parameters to the present static and dynamic load.
  • an aluminum bronze alloy and a product of an aluminum bronze alloy which are distinguished by improved mechanical properties and, in particular, by good adjustability of the material parameters to the present static and dynamic load.
  • good oil compatibility and high thermal stability and sufficient thermal conductivity at the same time be given low weight.
  • a method for producing an aluminum bronze alloy and a product from an aluminum bronze alloy must be specified.
  • All of the alloy compositions described in this specification may contain unavoidable impurities per element of 0.05% by weight, the total amount of impurities should not exceed 1.5% by weight. However, it is preferred to keep the impurities as low as possible and not exceed a proportion of 0.02 wt .-% per element, a total amount of 0.8 wt .-%.
  • the ratio between aluminum and zinc based on the weight fractions in the aluminum bronze alloy in a range of 1.4-3.0, and more preferably between 1.5 and 2.0.
  • the lead content of the alloy is preferably less than 0.05 wt .-%.
  • the alloy is thus lead-free except for unavoidable impurities.
  • the alloy is also manganese-free except for unavoidable impurities. That this alloy has the particular properties described below was also surprising in view of the background that prior art low-zinc alloyed copper alloys regularly contain manganese as a mandatory alloying element to achieve the desired strength properties.
  • Essential in the claimed alloy is the combination of the alloying elements aluminum, nickel, tin and zinc in the proportions described. Particularly preferred is an embodiment in which the sum of these elements is not less than 15 wt .-% and not greater than 17.5 wt .-%.
  • the composition of the aluminum bronze alloy according to the invention leads to an alloy matrix having a dominant ⁇ phase in the case of hot forming following the alloy melt and subsequent cooling below 750 ° C.
  • this state is referred to as extruded state.
  • the chemical composition of the aluminum bronze alloy is preferably adjusted so that in the extruded state, the fraction of the ⁇ -phase is less than 1% by volume of the alloy matrix.
  • This alloy solidifies from the melt virtually directly in the ⁇ - ⁇ -two-phase space.
  • This results in the hot working preferably an indirect extrusion, for the ⁇ -phase to a dynamic recrystallization followed by a static recrystallization, which gives rise to a fine alloy structure.
  • the recrystallization process in hot working proceeds via dynamic recovery followed by static recrystallization.
  • ⁇ II and / or ⁇ IV phases occur with iron and / or nickel aluminides.
  • the structure present in the extruded state is not only characterized by the choice of aluminum content, but also determined by the other alloyed elements.
  • a grain-refining effect is to be assumed.
  • Tin has a stabilizing effect on the ⁇ -phase before the state of extrusion with the structure essentially determined by the ⁇ -phase is reached near the boundary to the ⁇ - ⁇ mixed phase.
  • the selected ratio of aluminum to zinc has proved to be relevant for the state of extrusion and the resulting adjustability of the mechanical properties by subsequent cold forming and heat treatment steps.
  • the product of the aluminum bronze alloy according to the invention when in contact with a wide range of lubricants under frictional loading, forms stable tribological layers, in which aluminum oxide, in addition to aluminum oxide, is incorporated in conjunction with lubricant components, and into which a sufficient runflat resistance-inducing tin diffuses.
  • Hartphasenausclerosis are in the form of intermetallic ⁇ II and / or ⁇ IV phases with iron and / or nickel aluminides, which represent highly resilient contact points of the friction layer in a ductile matrix.
  • the aluminides are preferably formed at the grain boundaries of the ⁇ -matrix of the alloy, wherein in the final alloy state the mean grain size of the ⁇ -matrix is ⁇ 50 ⁇ m.
  • the intermetallic ⁇ II and / or ⁇ IV phases take an elongated shape with a middle one due to the alloying Length of ⁇ 10 microns and a median volume of ⁇ 1,5 microns to 2, wherein is carried out at a hot forming by indirect extrusion in an alignment direction of stretching which is hardly affected by the subsequent cold forming. Further, additional aluminide precipitation is observed leading to intermetallic phases having a roundish shape and a small average size of ⁇ 0.2 ⁇ m in the final alloy state after the final annealing.
  • the method according to the invention starts from the abovementioned alloy composition according to the invention and uses a hot forming method, preferably an indirect extrusion, after the melting of the alloy constituents.
  • the subsequent cold forming is carried out according to an advantageous embodiment as cold drawing with a degree of deformation in the range of 5 - 30%.
  • the final alloy state of a product of the aluminum bronze alloy and particularly preferably already the state of extrusion, has an ⁇ -matrix with a maximum ⁇ -phase content of 1% by volume. If the ⁇ -phase content in the extrusion state is higher, alternatively, soft annealing may be carried out in a temperature range of 450-550 ° C. between hot working and cold working.
  • the final annealing after the cold working step is selected in terms of temperature so that the alloy is tempered under the solution annealing temperature in a range of 300 - about 500 ° C. However, preferred is an embodiment in which this heat treatment step is carried out only up to a maximum temperature of 400 ° C.
  • a 0.2% proof stress in the range of 650-1000 MPa, a tensile strength R m in the range of 850-1050 MPa and an elongation at break A 5 in the range of 2-8% and preferably in the range of 4-7% adjusted without using a temperature-controlled cooling.
  • the final annealing mainly affects the elongation at break A 5 , so that it can be selectively and broadband adjustable.
  • the 0.2% proof stress and the tensile strength R m are calculated from a defined extrusion state selected in particular by the choice of the degree of deformation during cold drawing.
  • the alloy according to the invention is suitable for constant frictional loads as well as due to its special properties, especially for the production of a component on which a time-varying frictional load acts, such as a bearing bush for a bearing of a piston shaft, a sliding block or a highly reibbelastetes worm wheel.
  • a component made of the alloy is a thrust bearing for a turbocharger.
  • a time-varying friction load can also lead to a lack of lubrication, wherein the tin content contained in the alloy ensures that the exposed to such a load component meets the relevant requirements.
  • the alloy composition was melted and hot worked by means of vertical continuous casting at a casting temperature of 1170 ° C and a casting speed of 60 mm / min. At a press temperature of 900 ° C.
  • the relevant alloy has the following composition: Cu Zn pb sn Fe Mn Ni al rest 4.64 0.01 1.01 4.08 0.03 3.90 7.30
  • the experimental alloy obtained after cooling in the extruded state was characterized by means of scanning electron micrographs and energy-dispersive analyzes (EDX) Figures 1 and 2 shown material state was present.
  • the in the Figures 1 and 2 shown with secondary electron contrast at the magnifications 3000x and 6000x show an ⁇ -phase, which forms the alloy matrix, and hard phase precipitates in the form of K II and K IV phases, which consist of iron and nickel aluminides and which are mainly at the grain boundaries deposit.
  • the in FIG. 3 shown recording with a 9000-fold magnification, that in addition Hartphasenausscheidonne present with a mean size of ⁇ 0.2 microns.
  • EDX measurements averaged a chemical composition of 84.2 wt% Cu, 5.0 wt%. Zn, 4.4% by weight. Fe, 3.4% by weight. Ni, 2.8% by weight. Al and 0.1% by weight. Si.
  • the average composition was 15.2% by weight Cu, 2.4% by weight, in the extruded state.
  • the content of the intermetallic phases was determined to be 7% by volume while the phase-order ⁇ -phase content was less than 1% by volume. Measurements of the material states resulting from the cold working and heat treatment steps shown below did not change the phase composition.
  • Final annealing to adjust the final alloy state of the aluminum bronze products was performed for further series of measurements below the mild or solution annealing temperature.
  • final annealing temperatures in the range of 300-400 ° C were selected, in combination with a variation of the degrees of extraction of the upstream cold forming a wide range for the mechanical properties of the final alloy state is adjustable without applying costly measures for temperature-controlled cooling.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
  • Sliding-Contact Bearings (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
  • Gears, Cams (AREA)

Claims (16)

  1. Alliage bronze-aluminium comprenant
    7,0 à 10,0 % de poids d'Al ;
    3,0 à 6,0 % de poids de Fe ;
    3,0 à 5,0 % de poids de Zn ;
    3,0 à 5,0 % de poids de Ni ;
    0,5 à 1,5 % de poids de Sn ;
    ≤ 0,2 % de poids de Si ;
    ≤ 0,1 % de poids de Pb ;
    et le reste de Cu ainsi que les inévitables impuretés.
  2. Alliage bronze-aluminium selon la revendication 1 comprenant
    7,0 à 7,8 % de poids d'Al ;
    4,0 à 5,0 % de poids de Fe ;
    3,0 à 4,8 % de poids de Zn ;
    3,8 à 4,1 % de poids de Ni ;
    0,8 à 1,3 % de poids de Sn ;
    ≤ 0,2 % de poids de Si ;
    ≤ 0,1 % de poids de Pb ;
    et le reste de Cu ainsi que les inévitables impuretés.
  3. Alliage bronze-aluminium selon l'une des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le rapport entre l'aluminium et le zinc du point de vue pourcentage de poids dans l'alliage bronze-aluminium se situe dans une plage de 1,4 à 3,0 et de façon privilégiée entre 1,5 et 2,0.
  4. Produit en bronze-aluminum comportant un alliage composé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que le produit est mis, après un formage à froid, dans un état final de l'alliage par un recuit final en-dessous de la température de recuit de mise en solution, dans une plage de températures de 300 à 500°C, de sorte que la limite d'élasticité de 0,2 % RP0,2 se situe dans une plage de 650 à 1000 Mpa, la résistance à la traction Rm, dans une plage de 850 à 1050 Mpa et l'allongement à la rupture A5, dans une plage de 2 à 8 % et de façon privilégiée dans une plage de 4 à 7 %.
  5. Produit en bronze-aluminium selon la revendication 4, caractérisé en ce que dans l'état final de l'alliage, le taux SV de limite d'allongement se situe dans une plage de 85 à 97 %.
  6. Produit en bronze-aluminium selon l'une des revendications 4 ou 5, caractérisé en que dans l'état final de l'alliage la dureté se situe dans une plage de 250 à 300 HB 2,5/62,5.
  7. Produit en bronze-aluminium selon l'une des revendications 4 à 6, caractérisé en ce que dans l'état final de l'alliage se présente une matrice α avec une part de phase β maximale de 1 % vol.
  8. Produit en bronze-aluminium selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que dans l'état final de l'alliage la granulométrie moyenne de la matrice α est ≤ 50 µm.
  9. Produit en bronze-aluminium selon l'une des revendications 4 à 8, caractérisé en ce qu'il existe, dans l'état final de l'alliage, des phases intermétalliques KII et/ou KIV avec des aluminures de fer et/ou de nickel.
  10. Produit en bronze-aluminium selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que dans l'état final de l'alliage les phases intermétalliques KII et/ou KIV ont une forme allongée avec une longueur moyenne ≤ 10 µm et un volume moyen ≤ 1,5 µm2.
  11. Produit en bronze-aluminium selon l'une des revendications 4 à 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il existe, dans l'état final de l'alliage, une précipitation supplémentaire d'aluminure avec une forme arrondie et une taille moyenne ≤ 0,2 µm.
  12. Produit en bronze-aluminium selon l'une des revendications 4 à 11, caractérisé en ce que le produit est une pièce conçue pour être soumise à un frottement variable dans le temps, notamment un coussinet, un patin, une roue tangente ou un palier lisse de butée pour un turbocompresseur.
  13. Procédé de fabrication d'un produit en bronze-aluminum comportant les étapes de procédé :
    - fabrication d'une ébauche coulée à partir d'une matière en fusion comportant des taux d'alliage
    7,0 à 10,0 % de poids d'Al ;
    3,0 à 6,0 % de poids de Fe ;
    3,0 à 5,0 % de poids de Zn ;
    3,0 à 5,0 % de poids de Ni ;
    ≤ 0,2 % de poids de Si ;
    ≤ 0,1 % de poids de Pb ;
    et le reste de Cu ainsi que les inévitables impuretés ;
    - formage à chaud de l'ébauche coulée pour en faire un produit intermédiaire ; formage à froid du produit intermédiaire et
    - recuit final du produit en dessous de la température du recuit de mise en solution, dans une plage de températures entre 300 et 500°C, à l'issue du recuit, la limite d'élasticité 0,2 % RP0,2 étant située dans une plage de 650 à 1000 Mpa, la résistance à la traction Rm, dans une plage de 850 à 1050 Mpa et l'allongement à la rupture A5, dans une plage de 2 à 8 % et de façon privilégiée dans une plage de 4 à 7 %.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que la matière en fusion destinée à fabriquer l'ébauche coulée présente la composition suivante :
    7,0 à 7,8 % de poids d'Al ;
    4,0 à 5,0 % de poids de Fe ;
    3,0 à 4,8 % de poids de Zn ;
    3,8 à 4,1 % de poids de Ni ;
    0,8 à 1,3 % de poids de Sn ;
    ≤ 0,2 % de poids de Si ;
    ≤ 0,1 % de poids de Pb ;
    et le reste de Cu ainsi que les inévitables impuretés.
  15. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 13 ou 14, caractérisé en ce que le formage à chaud est réalisé sous la forme de filage indirect.
  16. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 13 à 15, caractérisé en ce que le formage à froid est réalisé par un étirement à froid avec un degré de déformation de 5 à 30 %.
EP14163339.6A 2014-03-04 2014-04-03 Alliage bronze-aluminium, procédé de fabrication et produit en bronze-aluminium Active EP2927335B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (10)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14163339.6A EP2927335B1 (fr) 2014-04-03 2014-04-03 Alliage bronze-aluminium, procédé de fabrication et produit en bronze-aluminium
ES14163339.6T ES2596512T3 (es) 2014-04-03 2014-04-03 Aleación de bronce de aluminio, procedimiento de producción y producto de bronce de aluminio
KR1020177012181A KR101784748B1 (ko) 2014-04-03 2015-03-27 알루미늄 청동 합금, 이의 생산 방법, 및 알루미늄 청동으로 제조된 제품
PCT/EP2015/056672 WO2015150245A1 (fr) 2014-04-03 2015-03-27 Alliage de bronze - aluminium, procédé de fabrication associé et produit constitué de bronze - aluminium
RU2016135072A RU2660543C2 (ru) 2014-04-03 2015-03-27 Алюминиевая бронза, способ изготовления и продукт из алюминиевой бронзы
US15/119,073 US10280497B2 (en) 2014-03-04 2015-03-27 Aluminium bronze alloy, method for the production thereof and product made from aluminium bronze
KR1020167022732A KR101742003B1 (ko) 2014-04-03 2015-03-27 알루미늄 청동 합금, 이의 생산 방법, 및 알루미늄 청동으로 제조된 제품
CN201580012998.XA CN106133158B (zh) 2014-04-03 2015-03-27 铝青铜合金、制造方法和由铝青铜制成的产品
BR112016018821-7A BR112016018821B1 (pt) 2014-04-03 2015-03-27 Produto de bronze de alumínio e método para produzir um produto produzido a partir de uma liga
JP2016560495A JP6374530B2 (ja) 2014-04-03 2015-03-27 アルミニウム青銅合金、生産方法、及びアルミニウム青銅から作製される製品

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Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14163339.6A EP2927335B1 (fr) 2014-04-03 2014-04-03 Alliage bronze-aluminium, procédé de fabrication et produit en bronze-aluminium

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EP2927335A1 EP2927335A1 (fr) 2015-10-07
EP2927335B1 true EP2927335B1 (fr) 2016-07-13

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US (1) US10280497B2 (fr)
EP (1) EP2927335B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP6374530B2 (fr)
KR (2) KR101784748B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN106133158B (fr)
BR (1) BR112016018821B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2596512T3 (fr)
RU (1) RU2660543C2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2015150245A1 (fr)

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US20160348215A1 (en) 2014-02-04 2016-12-01 Otto Fuchs Kommanditgesellschaft Lubricant-Compatible Copper Alloy
DE102014106933A1 (de) * 2014-05-16 2015-11-19 Otto Fuchs Kg Sondermessinglegierung und Legierungsprodukt
CN105671397A (zh) * 2016-01-23 2016-06-15 中山百鸥医药科技有限公司 一种ω-3鱼油软胶囊加工用颗粒包装机蜗轮
DE202016102693U1 (de) 2016-05-20 2017-08-29 Otto Fuchs - Kommanditgesellschaft - Sondermessinglegierung sowie Sondermessinglegierungsprodukt
DE202016102696U1 (de) 2016-05-20 2017-08-29 Otto Fuchs - Kommanditgesellschaft - Sondermessinglegierung sowie Sondermessinglegierungsprodukt
DE102016006824A1 (de) * 2016-06-03 2017-12-07 Wieland-Werke Ag Kupferlegierung und deren Verwendungen
CN107881361B (zh) * 2017-11-29 2019-11-26 广东鎏明文化艺术有限公司 一种铸铜雕塑材料及铸铜雕塑的制备工艺
KR102577574B1 (ko) * 2018-10-29 2023-09-11 오토 푹스 카게 특수 황동 합금 및 특수 황동 합금 프로덕트
CN113333696B (zh) * 2021-06-01 2023-02-17 西峡龙成特种材料有限公司 一种CuAlFeNi结晶器铜板背板及其母材与加工方法
CN114277278B (zh) * 2021-12-29 2022-07-01 九江天时粉末制品有限公司 一种耐磨铝青铜板及其制备方法
CN114990380B (zh) * 2022-06-24 2023-02-21 上海交通大学 一种1500MPa级无铍超级高强高韧铜合金及其制备方法

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US20170051385A1 (en) 2017-02-23
US10280497B2 (en) 2019-05-07
RU2016135072A (ru) 2018-03-05
KR101784748B1 (ko) 2017-10-12
JP6374530B2 (ja) 2018-08-15
CN106133158B (zh) 2018-08-28
KR101742003B1 (ko) 2017-05-31
BR112016018821A2 (fr) 2017-08-15
BR112016018821B1 (pt) 2021-11-03
KR20160125380A (ko) 2016-10-31
KR20170051547A (ko) 2017-05-11
RU2016135072A3 (fr) 2018-03-05
EP2927335A1 (fr) 2015-10-07
CN106133158A (zh) 2016-11-16
JP2017515974A (ja) 2017-06-15
ES2596512T3 (es) 2017-01-10
WO2015150245A1 (fr) 2015-10-08

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