EP2924101B1 - Produit de nettoyage et procédé de nettoyage de vaisselle - Google Patents

Produit de nettoyage et procédé de nettoyage de vaisselle Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2924101B1
EP2924101B1 EP14161314.1A EP14161314A EP2924101B1 EP 2924101 B1 EP2924101 B1 EP 2924101B1 EP 14161314 A EP14161314 A EP 14161314A EP 2924101 B1 EP2924101 B1 EP 2924101B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cleaning
cleaning agent
weight
agent according
acids
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14161314.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2924101A1 (fr
Inventor
Marion Zwingenberger
Petra Reessing
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chemische Fabrik Dr Weigert GmbH and Co
Original Assignee
Chemische Fabrik Dr Weigert GmbH and Co
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Application filed by Chemische Fabrik Dr Weigert GmbH and Co filed Critical Chemische Fabrik Dr Weigert GmbH and Co
Priority to ES14161314T priority Critical patent/ES2884253T3/es
Priority to HUE14161314A priority patent/HUE055958T2/hu
Priority to PL14161314T priority patent/PL2924101T3/pl
Priority to EP14161314.1A priority patent/EP2924101B1/fr
Publication of EP2924101A1 publication Critical patent/EP2924101A1/fr
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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
    • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
    • C11D7/36—Organic compounds containing phosphorus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/26—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C11D3/33—Amino carboxylic acids
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D3/00—Other compounding ingredients of detergent compositions covered in group C11D1/00
    • C11D3/16—Organic compounds
    • C11D3/37—Polymers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D7/00—Compositions of detergents based essentially on non-surface-active compounds
    • C11D7/22—Organic compounds
    • C11D7/32—Organic compounds containing nitrogen
    • C11D7/3245—Aminoacids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a cleaning agent for machine cleaning of dishes, the use of such a cleaning agent for cleaning dishes and a method for machine cleaning of dishes.
  • EP 0 578 666 B1 discloses, for example, an enzymatic cleaner.
  • WO 00/56851 A1 discloses a highly alkaline dishwashing detergent which contains NTA or EDTA as a complexing agent.
  • the invention is based on the object of providing a cleaning agent and a method of the type mentioned at the outset which enable dishes to be cleaned gently and effectively.
  • the cleaning agent according to the invention is designed and suitable for machine cleaning of dishes. This machine cleaning usually takes place in a dishwasher. A dishwasher automatically cleans dishes after it is started without any manual intervention.
  • tableware describes everything in the kitchen area used or usable objects that are amenable to such automatic cleaning, including trays, gastronorm containers and the like.
  • crockery also includes other items that are accessible to machine cleaning similar to crockery. Suitable industrial parts are mentioned here by way of example.
  • a dishwasher has at least one wash tank. In such a wash tank, detergent solution can be circulated and washed several times over the dishes in the wash tank.
  • the dishwasher can be designed as a one-tank machine into which the dishes are pushed and remain stationary during the washing process. It is preferably a machine with automatic crockery transport (for example a belt or box transport machine) in which crockery is moved through the dishwasher at intervals or preferably continuously during the cleaning process.
  • Such a machine can also be designed as a single-tank machine or preferably as a multi-tank machine with at least two washing tanks.
  • Chelating agents are chemical compounds that form chelate complexes with metal ions.
  • Aminopolycarboxylic acids and aminopolyphosphonic acids are chelating agents familiar to the person skilled in the art.
  • the term “acids” is used across the board; In the mildly alkaline cleaning agent according to the invention, the acids are generally present in the form of their salts; they can be used from the outset in the form of salts.
  • Polymeric dispersing agents help to disperse detached dirt particles in the solution and thus to keep them in suspension and prevent redeposition on the surface of the cleaned dishes.
  • the cleaning agent according to the invention will initially be present as a sales form in a preferably liquid-formulated concentrate, which is diluted with water to form a ready-to-use diluted cleaning solution or cleaning solution.
  • a ready-to-use diluted cleaning solution or cleaning solution can already be present in the concentrate, alternatively it can be present in the ready-to-use diluted cleaning solution. It is preferably present both in the concentrate and after it has been diluted to form a ready-to-use cleaning solution.
  • the cleaning agent according to the invention is enzyme-free and bleach-free.
  • free of ingredients means that these corresponding ingredients are not specifically added to the cleaning agent and are therefore not contained therein or at most as impurities that are customary on an industrial scale.
  • the cleaning agent is preferably, in particular, free from reactive chlorine compounds with a bleaching effect.
  • the invention has recognized that the combination of features according to the invention makes it possible to provide a cleaning agent that is particularly effective in commercial dishwashing, that is mildly alkaline and therefore not very aggressive, and that can dispense with potentially environmentally harmful ingredients.
  • the chelating agents used are environmentally friendly compared to the chelating agents customary in the prior art, such as EDTA or NTA.
  • high alkalinity can be dispensed with, and it is also not necessary to use enzymes.
  • the combination according to the invention can remove common contaminants such as starch, tea and coffee residues in the course of a customary commercial dishwashing even without high and thus aggressive alkalinity, without enzymes and without bleaching agents in the commercial kitchen area.
  • no cleaning agent is known that can provide a corresponding cleaning performance without using the ingredients mentioned.
  • the invention makes it possible to provide a cleaning agent that meets the criteria for the EU eco-label in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 66/2010 and the Commission decision of November 14, 2012 based on it to determine the environmental criteria for the award of the EU Ecolabel for machine dishwashing detergents for the industrial and institutional sector (2012/720 / EU) and still provides the required cleaning performance.
  • the cleaning agent according to the invention preferably contains both aminopolycarboxylic acids and aminopolyphosphonic acids as well as polymeric dispersing aids.
  • the cleaning agent is preferably free from several of these ingredients, particularly preferably it does not contain any of the ingredients mentioned.
  • surfactants refers to surface-active substances as defined in Ullmann's Encyclopedia of Industrial Chemistry, 6th Edition, Vol. 35, pp. 293ff in the "Surfactants" section.
  • Phosphates are salts and esters of phosphoric acid including their condensates and polymers.
  • Biocides are active substances and preparations which contain one or more active substances in the form in which they reach the user and which are intended to chemically or biologically destroy, deter, render harmless and prevent damage caused by harmful organisms or to combat them in another way (Art. 2 of Directive 98/8 / EC of the European Parliament and Council of February 16, 1998 on the placing of biocidal products on the market).
  • Dyes are colorants in accordance with DIN 55943, in particular soluble dyes.
  • the aminopolycarboxylic acids and / or aminopolyphosphonic acids can preferably be tridentate or tetradentate.
  • MGDA methylglycine-N, N-diacetic acid
  • GLDA glutamic acid-N, N-diacetic acid
  • NTA as an impurity in the MGDA used and GLDA is preferably not contained in the raw material used or at most in concentrations of less than 1% by weight and the cleaning agent according to the invention contains less than 0.1% by weight.
  • the cleaning agent according to the invention preferably fulfills the criteria for the EU eco-label in accordance with Regulation (EC) No. 66/2010 and the Commission decision of 14 November 2012 based on this to determine the environmental criteria for the award of the EU eco-label for machine dishwashing detergents for industrial use and institutional area (2012/720 / EU).
  • EC Regulation
  • 66/2010 the Commission decision of 14 November 2012 based on this to determine the environmental criteria for the award of the EU eco-label for machine dishwashing detergents for industrial use and institutional area (2012/720 / EU).
  • the total content of phosphates and other phosphorus compounds must not exceed the following limit values measured in grams of phosphorus per liter of water at the highest intended dosage of the cleaning agent according to the invention: Soft water (0-6 ° dH): 0.15 g / l Medium hard water (7-13 ° dH): 0.30 g / l Hard water (> 14 ° dH): 0.50 g / l
  • aminopolyphosphonic acids preferably include ATMP (aminotris (methylenephosphonic acid) or their salts.
  • a preferred polymeric dispersing aid comprises polyacrylic acids and / or polymethacrylic acids or their salts. These molar masses preferably have between 2,000 and 20,000, more preferably 4,000 and 15,000, more preferably 6,000 and 10,000.
  • the cleaning agent preferably also contains a corrosion inhibitor. It can be a substance that binds or complexes iron ions and thus inhibits corrosion.
  • a phosphonocarboxylic acid is preferred, and PBTC (2-phosphonobutane-1,2,4-tricarboxylic acid) is more preferred.
  • salts can optionally be used or are preferred.
  • the cleaning agent preferably contains an alkali source, preferably an alkali hydroxide, more preferably KOH.
  • the pH can be adjusted as desired, particularly preferably in the range 9-11 or about 10.
  • Calculated as KOH means that the weight fraction of the alkali source used is converted into the equivalent amount of KOH on the basis of its hydroxyl groups.
  • Such a concentrate can be diluted with water to form a cleaning solution or cleaning solution. It can be used in this cleaning solution in a concentration of 0.1 to 2% by weight, preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight, more preferably 0.2 to 0.5% by weight, are used.
  • the absolute concentrations of the respective ingredients are therefore preferably in a range that is a factor of 50-1,000, more preferably 100-1,000, more preferably 200-500 lower than the preferred absolute weight proportions of the above-described Concentrate.
  • the absolute weight fractions to be calculated from this in the detergent liquor used are also expressly the subject of the disclosure of the present patent application.
  • the invention also relates to the use of a cleaning agent according to the invention for cleaning dishes, in particular for removing soiling selected from the group consisting of coffee and tea residues and starch and protein residues from dishes.
  • the optional pre-rinsing and final rinsing are carried out in a manner familiar to the person skilled in the art and do not require any further explanation here.
  • the final rinse can be followed by further steps such as drying.
  • the cleaning in step b. take place over a period of 10 s to 10 min, more preferably 2 to 6 min.
  • the cleaning can preferably take place at a temperature of 20 to 80 ° C, preferably 30 to 70 ° C, more preferably 50 to 70 ° C.
  • the preferred time period and preferred temperature range described are, independently of one another, the subject matter and parameters of the present invention.
  • the cleaning is preferably carried out in step b. with an aqueous dilution of a concentrate described above and disclosed by way of example in the following exemplary embodiments.
  • This concentrate is preferably used in a concentration of 0.1 to 2% by weight, more preferably 0.1 to 1% by weight, more preferably 0.2 to 0.5% by weight.
  • a recipe for a cleaning agent according to the invention is as follows: Proportion [% by weight] Active ingredient content [wt. -%] PAS 8000 N, 45% 5.00 2.25 ATMP, 5 Na, 40% 5.00 2.00 MGDA, 3 Na, 40% 9.00 3.60 GLDA, 4 Na, 47% 9.00 4.23 PBTC, 50% 3.00 1.5 KOH, 45% 2.10 0.95 Water, fully demineralized 66.90
  • the recipe ingredients are mixed and stirred for 15 minutes at room temperature until a clear solution has formed.
  • the concentrate obtained has a pH of 10.
  • Example 1 In a total of four comparative tests, the cleaning agent of Example 1 was tested in comparison with the three stated cleaning agents of the prior art in three different dishwashers for commercial purposes. In each case, identical cleaning concentrations of the cleaning agents and identical cleaning conditions (process conditions) were used and identically soiled partial batches were cleaned of soiled dishes (soiled with starch, protein, coffee and tea residues). The cleaning results were assessed by visual inspection; the differences when cleaning with the cleaning agent according to the invention are shown in the table below in the "Result" column. It can be seen that the cleaning agent according to the invention achieves an improved cleaning performance in spite of the absence of alkalinity and enzymes, bleaching agents and the like.
  • Comparative cleaner dishwasher dosage Temperature in the wash tank Contact time Result neodisher BioClean Hobart belt dishwasher 3 g / l 64 ° C 2 min Better removal of coffee and tea residues. Equally good removal of starch and protein. Less dirt deposits in the machine tank neodisher BioClean Miele G 7760 3 g / l 55 ° C 2 min Better removal of coffee and tea residues. Equally good removal of starch and protein.

Claims (15)

  1. Agent de nettoyage pour le nettoyage en machine de vaisselle, caractérisé par les caractéristiques suivantes :
    a. il contient au moins un chélatant choisi dans le groupe constitué par les acides aminopolycarboxyliques,
    b. il contient au moins un adjuvant polymère de dispersion et/ou au moins un acide aminopolyphosphonique,
    c. le pH est de préférence de 8 à 12, de préférence de 8 à 11, plus préférablement de 9 à 11,
    d. l'agent de nettoyage est exempt d'enzyme,
    e. l'agent de nettoyage est exempt d'agent de blanchiment,
    f. il contient une source de métal alcalin, qui est un hydroxyde de métal alcalin.
  2. Agent de nettoyage selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce qu'il est exempt d'un ou de plusieurs des constituants suivants :
    - agents tensioactifs,
    - phosphates,
    - biocides,
    - colorants,
    - EDTA.
  3. Agent de nettoyage selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que les acides aminopolycarboxyliques et/ou les acides aminopolyphosphoniques sont tridentates ou tétradentates.
  4. Agent de nettoyage selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que les acides aminopolycarboxyliques comprennent du MGDA et/ou du GLDA.
  5. Agent de nettoyage selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce que les acides aminopolyphosphoniques comprennent de l'ATMP.
  6. Agent de nettoyage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'adjuvant polymère de dispersion comprend des poly(acides acryliques) et/ou des poly(acides méthacryliques).
  7. Agent de nettoyage selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que les poly(acides acryliques) et/ou les poly(acides méthacryliques) présentent des masses molaires entre 2000 et 20.000, de préférence entre 4000 et 15.000, plus préférablement entre 6000 et 10.000.
  8. Agent de nettoyage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce qu'il contient en outre un inhibiteur de corrosion, de préférence un acide phosphonocarboxylique, plus préférablement du PBTC.
  9. Agent de nettoyage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 8, caractérisé en ce que l'hydroxyde de métal alcalin est le KOH.
  10. Agent de nettoyage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il est formulé sous forme de liquide.
  11. Agent de nettoyage selon la revendication 10, caractérisé en ce qu'il est formulé sous forme de concentrat et en ce que les proportions en poids des constituants, pour autant qu'ils soient présents, sont comme suit :
    a. acides aminopolycarboxyliques, 3 à 15, de préférence 5 à 10% en poids,
    b. adjuvant polymère de dispersion, 1 à 5, de préférence 2 à 4% en poids,
    c. acides polyphosphoniques, 0,5 à 3, de préférence 1 à 2% en poids,
    d. inhibiteur de corrosion, 0,5 à 3, de préférence 1 à 2% en poids,
    e. source de métal alcalin, calculée sous forme de KOH, 0,3 à 2, de préférence 0,5 à 1,5% en poids.
  12. Utilisation d'un agent de nettoyage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11 pour le nettoyage de vaisselle, en particulier pour l'élimination de souillures, choisies dans le groupe constitué par les résidus de café et de thé ainsi que les résidus d'amidon et de protéines, de la vaisselle.
  13. Procédé pour le nettoyage en machine de vaisselle, présentant les étapes :
    a. éventuellement prérinçage,
    b. nettoyage avec un agent de nettoyage selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11,
    c. rinçage à l'eau claire.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 13, caractérisé en ce que le nettoyage dans l'étape b. a lieu sur une période de 10 s à 10 min, de préférence de 2 à 6 min, à une température de 20 à 80°C, de préférence de 30 à 70°C, plus préférablement de 50 à 70°C.
  15. Procédé selon la revendication 13 ou 14, caractérisé en ce que le nettoyage dans l'étape b. est effectué à l'aide d'une dilution aqueuse d'un concentrat selon la revendication 11 et en ce que ce concentrat est utilisé en une concentration de 0,1 à 2% en poids, de préférence de 0,1 à 1% en poids, plus préférablement de 0,2 à 0,5% en poids.
EP14161314.1A 2014-03-24 2014-03-24 Produit de nettoyage et procédé de nettoyage de vaisselle Active EP2924101B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ES14161314T ES2884253T3 (es) 2014-03-24 2014-03-24 Agente de limpieza y procedimiento para el lavado de la vajilla
HUE14161314A HUE055958T2 (hu) 2014-03-24 2014-03-24 Tisztítószer és eljárás edények tisztítására
PL14161314T PL2924101T3 (pl) 2014-03-24 2014-03-24 Środek czyszczący i sposób czyszczenia naczyń
EP14161314.1A EP2924101B1 (fr) 2014-03-24 2014-03-24 Produit de nettoyage et procédé de nettoyage de vaisselle

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP14161314.1A EP2924101B1 (fr) 2014-03-24 2014-03-24 Produit de nettoyage et procédé de nettoyage de vaisselle

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2924101A1 EP2924101A1 (fr) 2015-09-30
EP2924101B1 true EP2924101B1 (fr) 2021-07-07

Family

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EP14161314.1A Active EP2924101B1 (fr) 2014-03-24 2014-03-24 Produit de nettoyage et procédé de nettoyage de vaisselle

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2924101B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2884253T3 (fr)
HU (1) HUE055958T2 (fr)
PL (1) PL2924101T3 (fr)

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
PT3293249T (pt) * 2016-09-08 2019-04-29 Chemische Fabrik Dr Weigert Gmbh & Co Kg Produto de limpeza para máquinas de bebidas quentes

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WO2009087541A1 (fr) 2008-01-04 2009-07-16 Ecolab Inc. Matrice de solidification utilisant un aminocarboxylate
WO2009148538A1 (fr) 2008-05-30 2009-12-10 American Sterilizer Company Composition antitartre biodégradable utilisée dans des détergents alcalins hautement concentrés
US20100000579A1 (en) 2008-07-03 2010-01-07 Reinbold Robert S Compositions And Methods For Removing Scale And Inhibiting Formation Thereof
WO2010086821A2 (fr) 2009-01-30 2010-08-05 Ecolab Inc. Composition détergente hautement alcaline à effet antitartre amélioré
DE102009027162A1 (de) 2009-06-24 2010-12-30 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Maschinelles Geschirrspülmittel
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WO2011051419A1 (fr) 2009-10-30 2011-05-05 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Détergent pour lave-vaisselle
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EP3599270A1 (fr) 2018-07-23 2020-01-29 Henkel AG & Co. KGaA Agent de nettoyage comprenant un protecteur de l'argent

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US5399284A (en) 1991-04-03 1995-03-21 Chemische Fabrik Dr. Weigert (Gmbh & Co.) Process for removing starch-containing contamination from dishes and surfactant concentrates suitable for this process
DE4338626A1 (de) * 1993-11-12 1995-05-18 Henkel Kgaa Additiv für die Glasflaschenreinigung und seine Verwendung zur Verringerung der Glaskorrosion
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JP2000063894A (ja) 1998-08-21 2000-02-29 Daisan Kogyo Kk 自動食器洗浄機用洗浄剤組成物
WO2009087541A1 (fr) 2008-01-04 2009-07-16 Ecolab Inc. Matrice de solidification utilisant un aminocarboxylate
WO2009148538A1 (fr) 2008-05-30 2009-12-10 American Sterilizer Company Composition antitartre biodégradable utilisée dans des détergents alcalins hautement concentrés
US20100000579A1 (en) 2008-07-03 2010-01-07 Reinbold Robert S Compositions And Methods For Removing Scale And Inhibiting Formation Thereof
WO2010086821A2 (fr) 2009-01-30 2010-08-05 Ecolab Inc. Composition détergente hautement alcaline à effet antitartre amélioré
DE102009027162A1 (de) 2009-06-24 2010-12-30 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Maschinelles Geschirrspülmittel
DE102009027160A1 (de) 2009-06-24 2010-12-30 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Maschinelles Geschirrspülmittel
WO2011051419A1 (fr) 2009-10-30 2011-05-05 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Détergent pour lave-vaisselle
DE102013225920A1 (de) 2013-12-13 2015-06-18 Henkel Ag & Co. Kgaa Phosphatfreies flüssiges Geschirrspülmittel
EP3599270A1 (fr) 2018-07-23 2020-01-29 Henkel AG & Co. KGaA Agent de nettoyage comprenant un protecteur de l'argent

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ANONYMOUS: "Gemeinsamer Leitfaden des Europäischen Parlaments, 1 des Rates und der Kommission ] für Personen, die an der• Abfassung von Rechtstexten der Europäischen Union mitwirken", EUROPÄISCHE UNION, 1 January 2018 (2018-01-01), pages 10 - 10, XP093130648
ANONYMOUS: "Konsolidierter Text: Verordnung (EG) Nr. 648/2004 des Europäischen Parlaments und des Rates vom 31. März 2004 über Detergenzien (Text von Bedeutung für den EWR)", VERORDNUNG (EG) NR. 648/2004 DES EUROPÄISCHEN PARLAMENTS UND DES RATES VOM 31. MÄRZ 2004 ÜBER DETERGENZIEN (TEXT VON BEDEUTUNG FÜR DEN EWR), EUROPEAN UNION, 1 June 2015 (2015-06-01), pages 1 - 49, XP093121932, Retrieved from the Internet <URL:https://eur-lex.europa.eu/legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A02004R0648-20150601> [retrieved on 20240122]

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2884253T3 (es) 2021-12-10
HUE055958T2 (hu) 2022-01-28
PL2924101T3 (pl) 2021-11-08
EP2924101A1 (fr) 2015-09-30

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