EP2917959A1 - Procédé et dispositif de fourniture d'énergie électrique à un consommateur - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif de fourniture d'énergie électrique à un consommateur

Info

Publication number
EP2917959A1
EP2917959A1 EP13824091.6A EP13824091A EP2917959A1 EP 2917959 A1 EP2917959 A1 EP 2917959A1 EP 13824091 A EP13824091 A EP 13824091A EP 2917959 A1 EP2917959 A1 EP 2917959A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
metal
electrical energy
energy
cathodes
consumer
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13824091.6A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2917959B1 (fr
Inventor
Christoph Caesar
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
CAESAR, CHRISTOPH
Original Assignee
Airbus DS GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Airbus DS GmbH filed Critical Airbus DS GmbH
Publication of EP2917959A1 publication Critical patent/EP2917959A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2917959B1 publication Critical patent/EP2917959B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M12/00—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M12/04—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type
    • H01M12/06—Hybrid cells; Manufacture thereof composed of a half-cell of the fuel-cell type and of a half-cell of the primary-cell type with one metallic and one gaseous electrode
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C1/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions
    • C25C1/16—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of solutions of zinc, cadmium or mercury
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
    • C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
    • C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/04—Auxiliary arrangements, e.g. for control of pressure or for circulation of fluids
    • H01M8/04082—Arrangements for control of reactant parameters, e.g. pressure or concentration
    • H01M8/04201—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes
    • H01M8/04216—Reactant storage and supply, e.g. means for feeding, pipes characterised by the choice for a specific material, e.g. carbon, hydride, absorbent
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01M—PROCESSES OR MEANS, e.g. BATTERIES, FOR THE DIRECT CONVERSION OF CHEMICAL ENERGY INTO ELECTRICAL ENERGY
    • H01M8/00—Fuel cells; Manufacture thereof
    • H01M8/06—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues
    • H01M8/0606—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants
    • H01M8/065—Combination of fuel cells with means for production of reactants or for treatment of residues with means for production of gaseous reactants by dissolution of metals or alloys; by dehydriding metallic substances
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
    • Y02E60/00—Enabling technologies; Technologies with a potential or indirect contribution to GHG emissions mitigation
    • Y02E60/30—Hydrogen technology
    • Y02E60/50—Fuel cells

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for providing electrical energy for a consumer.
  • the Desertec project which aims to generate electricity through photovoltaics in sunny countries, plans to store electrolytically produced hydrogen and ship it to Europe.
  • Variants include the conversion of hydrogen to methane, methanol or other energy sources. These are easier to store and transport than hydrogen. The production of hydrogen is associated with high losses. Likewise, the option to
  • the invention provides a method for providing electrical energy to a consumer.
  • electricity is stored by electrolytically producing a metal as metal.
  • the metal is transported to the place of production of electrical energy. Thereafter, by utilizing the chemical reaction energy from the metal and an oxidant, electrical energy is generated and provided to the consumer for consumption.
  • the method allows for any length of storage of electrical energy.
  • the storage of metal is possible without loss.
  • the place of consumption may coincide with the location of the power generation.
  • the proposed method can be used particularly well with renewable electricity.
  • peak load power derived from wind or photovoltaic power can be well used to operate the electrolysis.
  • an electrochemical reaction between a metal ion from a solution of one or more electrons from the stream to a neutral metal is expediently utilized.
  • the production of the metal may optionally be carried out in an acid, salt solution or molten salt or a mixture of molten salts, or in an organic or ionic electrolyte liquid.
  • the current can be converted, for example, into metallic zinc, aluminum, lithium, beryllium, calcium, sodium, potassium, titanium or magnesium, iron or lead.
  • a high energy density of the current stored in the metal can be achieved.
  • the energy density is for example 1300 Wh / kg (9280 Wh / I) compared to 530 Wh / I for gaseous hydrogen (at 200 bar plus the mass of the bottles) in the case of local storage and transport .
  • the conversion efficiency of electric current into metallic zinc is 90-100%.
  • the degree of conversion of other electrochemically convertible metals lithium, beryllium, calcium, sodium, potassium, aluminum, titanium or magnesium, iron, lead may be lower depending on the technology used and the process temperature required.
  • the metal may be deposited on a number of cathodes during electrolysis in a well filled with an electrolyte.
  • an electrolyte for example, dilute sulfuric acid can be used.
  • the cathodes are preferably made of an inert material, such as zinc or aluminum. If the material of the cathodes according to a first variant of the electrolysis unit corresponds to the deposited material, the cathodes with the deposited material can be removed from the tub when the storage capacity of the tub is exhausted. Then, the entirety of the cathodes and the deposited material can be used as fuel for generating electrical energy. For this purpose, the cathodes, on which the metal has been deposited during the electrolysis, can be lifted out of the sump with the electrolyte by means of a crane or the like.
  • the deposited material can be mechanically removed from the cathodes at predetermined intervals.
  • the cathodes are preferably conical. The removal of the metal is preferably carried out by stripping in collection container.
  • the conversion of electricity into the metal is preferably at the point of power generation, i. the location of the wind turbine or photovoltaic system. However, it is also conceivable to realize the metal production spatially separated from the power generation.
  • metal production takes place according to an embodiment of the method in standardized tubs, in particular containers.
  • the transport of the metal can take place as piece goods, eg as bars or plates, or in granular form.
  • the metal produced may be liquefied in a liquid suspension, with the liquid suspension containing the metal then being pumped or transported to the place of power generation, ie the location of the energy converter.
  • the place of power generation ie the location of the energy converter.
  • either pipe lines or tankers can be used here.
  • Energy conversion i.e., energy production to provide energy to the consumer
  • energy conversion is accomplished according to one embodiment in a fuel cell. Through this, the generation of electrical energy can be done centrally or at a local consumer.
  • the fuel cell can thus be functionally operated similar to a combined heat and power plant.
  • hydrogen is generated from the metal by adding a reagent. This can be used thermally or chemically. Similarly, the hydrogen can be used in a fuel cell as a fuel for power generation. If zinc is produced as the metal by the electrolysis, acid must be added to the metal as the reactant. When sodium, potassium or calcium is produced as the metal by the electrolysis, water must be added to the metal as the reactant.
  • the invention further provides a device for providing electrical energy to a consumer.
  • the device comprises an electrolysis unit, by means of which by means of a power generator provided by electricity a metal is generated, wherein the electrical energy is stored in the metal.
  • the device comprises an energy converter, by which electrical energy can be generated by chemical reaction energy from the metal and an oxidizing agent and provided to the consumer for consumption.
  • the device has the same advantages as described in connection with the method according to the invention.
  • the device may comprise further means for carrying out the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention for carrying out the method
  • Fig. 1 shows a schematic representation of a device according to the invention for the provision of electrical energy for an electrical load 16.
  • an energy generator 10 electrical current. This can be obtained, for example, in offshore wind turbines or photovoltaic panels or generated by hydropower, eg in Norway.
  • the current is stored in the form of electrolytically generated metal by an electrolysis unit 12, which is supplied with power by the energy generator 10 via a line 11.
  • the power generator 12 is also located at location A. However, this is not mandatory.
  • the metal is transported to the consumer 16, which is located at a location B, for example (T).
  • an energy converter 14 a conversion of the metal into electrical Energy that is supplied to the consumer 16 via a power line 15 to its operation.
  • the energy converter 14 may be configured, for example, in the form of a fuel cell.
  • the energy converter 14 and the consumer 16 could also be arranged at different locations, ie the energy conversion need not necessarily take place at the point of consumption, as shown in FIG.
  • the process of electrolytic production of the metal in the electrolysis unit 12 and its conversion in the energy converter 14 can proceed as follows.
  • an electrochemical reaction between a metal ion (Me +) from a saline solution with an electron (from power generation) to the neutral metal is utilized.
  • a metal ion (Me +) from a saline solution with an electron (from power generation) to the neutral metal is utilized.
  • Zn zinc
  • the advantage of converting electricity into a metal is the high energy density of the metal.
  • this is e.g. 1300 Wh / kg (9280 Wh / I) compared to 530 Wh / I for gaseous hydrogen (at 200 bar plus the mass of the bottles) in case of local storage and transport.
  • the conversion efficiency of electric current into metallic zinc is 90 to 100% and is thus also very high.
  • the degree of conversion of other electrochemically convertible metals e.g. Lithium, beryllium, calcium, sodium, potassium, aluminum, titanium or magnesium, iron, lead may be lower, depending on the technology used and the process temperature required. In principle, it is possible to operate each electrolysis cell at its optimum operating point for power conversion, so that inexpensive and effective power storage is possible.
  • the overall efficiency of the process must be compared with the losses of other storage and transportation scenarios.
  • the efficiency of hydrogen production in a high-performance electrolyzer is between 70 and 90%.
  • Pumped storage power plants and high voltage lines also cause considerable losses.
  • All pumped storage power plants in Germany have a capacity of approx. 40 GWh, whereas the gas network should have a capacity of 200,000 GWh. This corresponds to Germany's energy consumption of several months.
  • a single annual production of zinc (10 million XI 2006) would correspond to a stored energy amount of 13,000 GWh. This mass would be transportable in about 2,000 freight trains a 5,000 t metallic zinc and stored seasonally with unlimited shelf life.
  • the transport capacity of max. 60 m 3 per wagon is not exploited here.
  • calcium (2500 Wh / kg) with a density of only 1.55 g / cm 3 the same amount of energy could be stored and transported in about 500 freight trains per year - ie about 2 trains per day.
  • Zinc is an important trace element and is widely used as corrosion protection. Should it enter the environment in the event of an accident, it will slowly dissolve into naturally occurring salts and hydroxides. Even the (dilute) sulfuric acid used in electrolysis would dilute rapidly in seawater - provided that the electrolysis is operated offshore near an offshore wind turbine - and would naturally be harmless.
  • step S1 conventional power generation takes place, preferably by the use of regenerative energy sources.
  • step S2 the above-described electrolytic production of the metal takes place, so that the current used for the electrolysis is now stored in the form of metal.
  • step S1 and S2 can be done in the same places.
  • step S3 the transport of the metal and an oxidizing agent is carried out to form an energy converter, which can be designed as a local or central energy converter.
  • step S4 the generation of electrical energy by the energy converter, which is then provided to the consumer for use.
  • a floating platform or island may be anchored to pylons near an offshore wind farm as a power generator 10.
  • Power generated by the wind power plants of the wind farm can be supplied via short, local lines to the electrolysis unit 12 arranged on the platform or island.
  • the electrolysis unit 12 comprises, for example, an electrolyte, for example dilute sulfuric acid, in a bath lined, for example, with plastic.
  • cathodes preferably made of an inert material such as zinc or aluminum, metallic zinc is deposited.
  • the cathodes are for example attached to a cathode field. assigns.
  • Anodes of the electrolysis unit 12 are designed according to the prior art and consist for example of lead or are sheathed with lead.
  • the cathode field may be at the end of the storage capacity of the well, e.g. in the event of a short-circuit due to the contacting metal of two adjacent cathodes, are switched off and lifted out of the electrolyte with a crane. If cathodes made of zinc are used, the entire unit (cathode field with the metal deposited on the cathodes) can be lifted out of the trough of the electrolysis unit 12 without separation of the cathode material. The unit can be transported as fuel for the energy converter 14 to this.
  • the cathodes are not made of zinc, the metallic zinc dendrites formed during electroplating can be compacted in the electrolysis process at suitable time intervals by a punch, so that the process can be carried out until the electrolysis tub is completely filled with metal.
  • inert, slightly conical cathodes are used, the deposited metal layers are stripped at intervals in the tub.
  • the tub is a standardized container. The metal production can be handled automatically.
  • the production of the metal in a salt solution, a molten salt or a mixture of molten salts may be carried out, for example for the production of lithium, aluminum, magnesium or calcium.
  • electrical energy is generated by chemical reaction energy from the metal and an oxidant.
  • in addition to the generated electricity released waste heat (40% in a poor zinc-air - cell) can be used eg for heating purposes.
  • hydrogen is generated from the metal by adding acid (in the case of zinc) or water (in the case of sodium, potassium or calcium), which can be used thermally or chemically or is converted into electricity in a fuel cell.
  • metal is not to be set at the market price, but only with the electricity costs in the cycle between metal reduction and oxidation at the consumer. From the cheap electricity from Norway or the North Sea is here high-priced peak load.
  • the transport of zinc (metal) can be realized as general cargo in containers by any transport companies.
  • standardized containers lying close to the road can be exchanged with the operator of the electrolysis unit 12. This variant is advantageous for more remote users or island solutions.
  • the containers can also be transported to central operators of energy converters.
  • the metal may be contained in a liquid suspension, which can then be conveyed by tankers and pipelines.
  • the existing eg for fuels or fuels infrastructure can be used here.
  • the invention is suitable for temporarily accumulating peak wind and solar power according to the EEG (Renewable Energy Sources Act).
  • EEG Renewable Energy Sources Act
  • the technology is not that of an infinitely rechargeable battery, but the storage and use of unwanted peak power generation. These peak power generations lead in part to negative electricity prices - i. the RU has to pay neighboring countries to take the electricity.
  • the loaded after a storage phase metal storage of the photovoltaic field or the wind farm is transported to the simple Rework and electricity to the RU.

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Electrochemistry (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • General Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Non-Metals, Compounds, Apparatuses Therefor (AREA)
  • Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
  • Fuel Cell (AREA)

Abstract

Procédé de fourniture d'énergie électrique à un consommateur (16). Selon ledit procédé, du courant est stocké en tant que métal, par production électrolytique dudit métal. Ledit métal est transporté sur le lieu de la nouvelle production d'énergie électrique. Une énergie de réaction chimique permet de produire, à partir du métal et d'un oxydant, de l'énergie électrique qui est ensuite fournie à un consommateur (16) en vue de sa consommation.
EP13824091.6A 2012-11-12 2013-11-11 Procédé de fourniture d'énergie électrique à un consommateur Active EP2917959B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012022029.4A DE102012022029A1 (de) 2012-11-12 2012-11-12 Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Bereitstellung elektrischer Energie für einen Verbraucher
PCT/DE2013/000671 WO2014071919A1 (fr) 2012-11-12 2013-11-11 Procédé et dispositif de fourniture d'énergie électrique à un consommateur

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2917959A1 true EP2917959A1 (fr) 2015-09-16
EP2917959B1 EP2917959B1 (fr) 2019-10-09

Family

ID=50000720

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13824091.6A Active EP2917959B1 (fr) 2012-11-12 2013-11-11 Procédé de fourniture d'énergie électrique à un consommateur

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP2917959B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102012022029A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK2917959T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2775234T3 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014071919A1 (fr)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111172562A (zh) * 2020-01-20 2020-05-19 镇江慧诚新材料科技有限公司 一种铝空气电池用燃料铝的制备方法

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
ITUB20159792A1 (it) * 2015-12-30 2017-06-30 Federico Longhini Sistema e procedimento per la generazione di idrogeno gassoso a richiesta
CH714932A1 (de) * 2018-04-26 2019-10-31 Anija Muuksi Eng Mo Verfahren zum Aufladen und Entladen von elektrochemisch gespeicherter Energie.
CH716315A1 (de) 2019-06-14 2020-12-15 Ulrich Bech Trennelement zur Trennung eines Kathodenraumes von einem Anodenraum.

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3486940A (en) * 1968-07-30 1969-12-30 Samuel Ruben Storage battery having a positive electrode comprising a supporting base of titanium nitride having a surface film of non-polarizing material
US5521029A (en) * 1995-02-22 1996-05-28 At&T Corp. Current collecting elements
US7166203B2 (en) * 2002-09-12 2007-01-23 Teck Cominco Metals Ltd. Controlled concentration electrolysis system

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN111172562A (zh) * 2020-01-20 2020-05-19 镇江慧诚新材料科技有限公司 一种铝空气电池用燃料铝的制备方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP2917959B1 (fr) 2019-10-09
DK2917959T3 (en) 2020-01-27
ES2775234T3 (es) 2020-07-24
WO2014071919A1 (fr) 2014-05-15
DE102012022029A1 (de) 2014-05-15

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