EP2909412B1 - Mehrscheiben-isolierverglasung system - Google Patents

Mehrscheiben-isolierverglasung system Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2909412B1
EP2909412B1 EP13711151.4A EP13711151A EP2909412B1 EP 2909412 B1 EP2909412 B1 EP 2909412B1 EP 13711151 A EP13711151 A EP 13711151A EP 2909412 B1 EP2909412 B1 EP 2909412B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
multilayered
partitions
glazing units
thermally
insulating
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
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EP13711151.4A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2909412A1 (de
Inventor
Antoni Kostka
Mariusz Paszkowski
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Vis Inventis Spolka Z Oo
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Vis Inventis Spolka Z Oo
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Publication of EP2909412A1 publication Critical patent/EP2909412A1/de
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E06—DOORS, WINDOWS, SHUTTERS, OR ROLLER BLINDS IN GENERAL; LADDERS
    • E06B—FIXED OR MOVABLE CLOSURES FOR OPENINGS IN BUILDINGS, VEHICLES, FENCES OR LIKE ENCLOSURES IN GENERAL, e.g. DOORS, WINDOWS, BLINDS, GATES
    • E06B3/00—Window sashes, door leaves, or like elements for closing wall or like openings; Layout of fixed or moving closures, e.g. windows in wall or like openings; Features of rigidly-mounted outer frames relating to the mounting of wing frames
    • E06B3/66—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together
    • E06B3/67—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light
    • E06B3/6715—Units comprising two or more parallel glass or like panes permanently secured together characterised by additional arrangements or devices for heat or sound insulation or for controlled passage of light specially adapted for increased thermal insulation or for controlled passage of light

Definitions

  • the subject matter of this invention covers a system of multilayered thermally-insulating glazing units implemented primarily in the construction industry.
  • the invention relates to vertical or sloped glazing units as elements of classical joinery for wall openings (operable windows and fixed windows, glazed doors, including patio doors), light glass curtain walls in the operable and fixed versions, glazed facades, steep roof-slope windows and other steep-roof glazing units and structures of the green house type, as well as solar energy generating equipment.
  • GB 2 011985 describes a glazing unit that contains two panes and at least one film partition stretched on a frame between the panes.
  • the internal plastic film partition may be covered with a low-emissivity layer or a layer impervious to ultraviolet radiation.
  • the chamber between glass panes may be hermetically closed and filled with air or another gas or it may be connected to the atmosphere through a filter.
  • US 4 563 843 describes a window, where two partitions are arranged between two glass panes which divide the internal air chamber.
  • the partitions are made of 20-100 ⁇ m thick polymer film, glass or plastic panels.
  • the surfaces of the partitions are covered on one or both sides with a low-emissivity layer.
  • Implementation of rigid panes made of glass or plastic results in a considerable weight of the glazing per unit area.
  • Implementation of polymer films with the above-indicated thickness involves the risk of photo-degradation and thermal degradation of the polymer and additionally, when the glazing unit is filled with air, the risk of photo-oxidation, affecting the entire thickness of the polymer too.
  • WO 2011 068426 reveals transparent partitions in the form of stretched tulle screens made of nanofibres and characterized by a transparent texture, consisting of at least two of the following three layers: (i) a bearing frame made of mechanically resistant, elastic or textured nanofibres, (ii) a layer of conductive nanofibres or nanowires stretched on the frame, and (iii) a covering and thickening tissue made of nanofibres that are 5-25 nanometres in diameter, while the distance between the screens depends on the type of gas.
  • This invention is aimed at introducing multi-layered glazing units that combine high heat-transfer resistance with absolute transparency. It is therefore necessary to endow all elements with appropriate optical characteristics, so as to make them practically invisible to the user.
  • Glazing units proposed in this invention have the form of a multiple glass window unit, consisting of two external transparent glass panes and a gas medium, transparent in visible light, between the panes, while transparent internal partitions are placed in the internal space between the above-mentioned panes that is closed with a thermally-insulating hermetic frame, and the partitions are parallel with respect to the external panes.
  • the partitions take the form of a film made of inorganic glass, the film is less than 400 ⁇ m thick and it is characterised by a deflection radius that is smaller than 40 cm, while its optical properties are characterised by a total reflectivity coefficient of both partition surfaces that is lower than 7 percent, the visible light absorption below 7 percent and the transmittance haze coefficient below 1.5 percent.
  • the mechanical and optical parameters of the partitions are measured by methods recognized in the art.
  • the partitions are made of an ultrathin film, with its thickness within the range from 20 to 300 ⁇ m, made of silica glass or boron-lithium glass.
  • the partitions are covered with multilayered soft low-emissivity coating that contains at least one nanolayer of silver which is covered with an external anti-reflective layer.
  • the antireflective layer may be a nanoporous layer characterised by the gradient of light refraction index and made of silica, another inorganic material or a polymer resistant to photo-degradation.
  • the antireflective layer may be a layer of amorphous, fluorinated polymer that is highly transparent to visible light and transparent to far infrared radiation, also characterised by a very low light refraction index and thus, by a very low reflectivity coefficient.
  • the antireflective layer may be a nanorelief layer of the "moth eye” type, made of an inorganic material or a polymer resistant to photo-degradation.
  • the distance between internal partitions depends on the type of gas that fills the multiple glass window unit and fits within the range from 8 millimetres for xenon to 25 millimetres for air.
  • the multiple glass unit is fitted with an elastic thermally-insulating frame with a hermetic external coating joined with partition stiffening slats by means of grooves and rods inserted into them.
  • the frames have thermally-insulating partition separators that keep them at identical distances from each other.
  • the separators may take the form of elastic aerogel-filled sleeves, springy tension rods or porous inserts.
  • the multiple glass unit may have a system of internal angle braces that endow the entire block of the multiple glass window pane with rigidity and maintain its dimensions in spite of internal pressure changes.
  • the multiple glass window pane may be fitted with a hermetically-closed system in order to compensate for gas volume changes.
  • the system takes the form of compensating bellows.
  • the compensating function may be carried out by means of a semi-opened system that compensates for gas pressure and volume changes by dynamic exchange of atmospheric air.
  • the system contains a filter and a drier.
  • the system contains a filter and a drier.
  • the advantages of the invented solution consist of its low weight, a combination of heat-transfer and optical parameters that has been unattainable up to now, exemplified in particular by the heat-transfer coefficient U ⁇ 0. 3, the solar gain g > 60% and the total reflectivity ⁇ 40% that characterize the double-layered glazing unit. Glazing units characterized by these parameters allow one to realize the assumptions for the passive house, where the surface and location of glazing units are not conditioned by their weight and the heat-transfer coefficient.
  • larger glazing units used in the construction of passive buildings had to consist of very heavy 3- or 4-pane sets, which prevented architects from acting freely and involved the need to give up large-format glazed facades and glazed facades facing North in the Northern hemisphere.
  • the invented solution allows one to retain windows with the classical construction, without any need for onerous seasonal changes in the glazing unit structure.
  • the inorganic glass film - as opposed to classical glass panes - is characterised by its lower weight, lower absorption and higher elasticity that makes deformations of sheets reversible, and the sheets do not get damaged in the process.
  • the inorganic glass film does not undergo aging, wrinkling or yellowing. It is also resistant to extreme temperatures. It does not get destroyed even at temperatures above 300 degrees Celsius and below 50 degrees Celsius below zero still it does not show increased brittleness. It is non-flammable. Compared to polymers, its thermal expansion coefficient is 10 times lower.
  • the basic element of glazing units constructed according to this invention is the multiple glass unit 1 presented in Fig. 1 . It consists of two external transparent glass panes 2 that enclose a hermetic chamber filled with gas. Inside the hermetic chamber, there are transparent partitions (3), arranged parallel to the external panes 2.
  • the partitions 3 take the form of a film made of inorganic glass. The film is less than 400 ⁇ m thick and it is characterised by a deflection radius that is smaller than 40 cm, while its optical properties are characterised by the total reflectivity coefficient of both partition surfaces 3 that is lower than 7 percent, the visible light absorption below 7 percent and the transmission haze coefficient below 1.5 percent.
  • Films may be made of inorganic silica glass or boron-lithium glass. It is also possible to make them of glass with other composition, e.g. of oxide glass based on fluorine or phosphorus. Ultra-thin films made of inorganic glass are known for their high elasticity, very low weight and high chemical resistance.
  • the internal sides of external panes 2 are covered with low-emissivity coatings 4, preferably with additional anti-reflective properties.
  • the internal partitions 3 are covered on both sides with anti-reflective coatings 5, preferably with additional low-emissivity properties.
  • Fig. 2 presents diagrams of selected examples of versions of such partitions made according to this invention.
  • a partition 3 made of ultrathin inorganic glass film (20-300 ⁇ m thick) is covered on both sides with a double-layered coating that adheres to glass 303.
  • the coating contains at least one nanolayer of silver 301, covered with an external anti-reflective nanoporous layer 302 characterised by a gradient of light refraction index.
  • the external nanoporous layer 302 characterized by a gradient of light refraction index is made of silica, another inorganic material or a polymer resistant to photo-degradation.
  • a partition 3 made of ultrathin inorganic glass film (20-300 ⁇ m thick) is covered on both sides with a double-layered coating that adheres to glass 303.
  • the coating contains at least one nanolayer of silver 301.
  • the latter layer is covered in room temperature with an external anti-reflective layer of amorphous, highly-transparent fluorinated polymer 304 characterised by a very low light refraction index and thus, by a very low reflectivity coefficient.
  • the fluorinated polymer is transparent to long-wave infrared radiation. Therefore, such application of the polymer does not hinder the low-emissivity properties of the soft coating deposited on glass.
  • a partition 3 made of ultrathin inorganic glass film (20-300 ⁇ m thick) is covered on both sides with a double-layered coating that adheres to glass 303.
  • the coating contains at least one nanolayer of silver 301, covered with an external anti-reflective nanorelief layer 305 in the form of a regular network of nanocleats made of a polymer or an inorganic material.
  • Such a combination of coatings of the type of "a heat mirror covered with a moth-eye coating" results in low emissivity, accompanied by considerably reduced reflections and reduced absorption, as in the case of the above-describe coating, which translates into advantageous heat-transfer and optical properties of the partition that have been unattainable up to now in a single structure.
  • Both the external panes 2 and the internal partitions 3 are set in thermally-insulating frames 6, known as "warm edge spacer".
  • the frames 6 have an external hermetic coating 7.
  • This coating 7 constitutes an external barrier of the multiple glass unit 1 that isolates the gas filling the pane chamber from the surrounding atmosphere.
  • the openings 8 allow gas to flow inside the chamber of the multiple glass unit 1.
  • the basic filling is an inert gas such as, for instance, xenon, krypton, argon or a combination of all three.
  • gases that are non-transparent to long-wave infrared radiation greenhouse gases
  • sulphur hexafluoride carbon dioxide or a mixture of carbon dioxide and methane
  • dry air purified of aerosols even dry air purified of aerosols.
  • the distance between internal partitions 3 depends on the type of gas that fills the multiple glass unit and fits within the range from 8 mm for xenon to 25 mm for air.
  • the external panes 2 and internal partitions 3 may be fitted with hardware i.e. edge stiffening slats 9 that simultaneously stretch elastic film and protect edges against mechanical damage.
  • the frame 6 - assembled as an integrated unit, with the width equal to the thickness of the multiple glass unit 1 - has the form of an elastic springy tape and it is fitted with a set of grooves and projections that constitute thermally-insulating separators 10, aimed at protecting internal partitions 3 against stresses and shocks and at insulating the gas filling of the chamber from the surrounding atmosphere.
  • the stiffening slats 9 of the external panes 2 and internal partitions 3 are fitted on the outside with a groove 11 adapted to accept a rod 12 fitted into the coating 7 of the frame 6. This allows the set of partitions 3 to be mounted without breaking the continuity of the material used for the coating 7.
  • the coating 7 may be made in the form of an elastic laminate sleeve with an elastic thin high-barrier layer of clay materials or a metallic film or in the form of a composite grooved slat.
  • Particular elastic partitions 3 may be hermetically bonded to thermally-insulating frames 6 of classical structure or assembled in the form of springy, hermetic sleeves 13, filled with a roll of elastic aerogel sheets.
  • the frames 6 that separate particular partitions 3 from each other may be fitted with separators in the form of springy tension rods 14 or porous inserts 15.
  • the multiple glass unit 1 fitted with a thermally-insulating frame 6 with coating 7 and partition 3 separators 10 in different forms may be equipped with a set of internal angle braces 16.
  • the set of angle braces 16 stiffens the entire block of the multiple glass window pane 1 and maintains its dimensions, in spite of changes of the internal pressure.
  • the system may assume a closed or semi-opened form, for instance, that of hermetic bellows 17 - in the external version.
  • a multiple glass unit may alternatively be equipped with a semi-opened system that compensates for changes in gas pressure and volume, based on the dynamic exchange of atmospheric air, and contains a filter and a drier.
  • a compensating system in a centralized version, involving a combination of at least two multiple glass units to a central compensating chamber or to a central semi-opened system that compensates for gas pressure and volume changes by the dynamic exchange of atmospheric air.
  • the system contains a filter and a drier.
  • Fig. 6 presents the basic optical characteristics of hitherto used conventional constructions of multilayered glazing units.
  • Fig. 6A shows the optical characteristics of a traditional multiple glass unit, consisting of several glass panes 102 situated between external panes 2.
  • a ray of visible light reflects many times from the surfaces of successive panes, which leads to a reduction of light ray brightness, while the quality of the observed view considerably deteriorates, due to numerous reflections, and does so in spite of a low scattering level, typical for oxide glass.
  • the invented solution presented in Fig. 2C shows decidedly different optical properties and maintains a low weight, in spite of the super-standard thickness of the entire glazing unit and considerably higher number of layers.
  • the invented glazing unit the light is reflected and weakened only to a slight degree, while the quality of the view observed through such glazing unit is not degraded, which is due to a low level of transmittance haze.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Securing Of Glass Panes Or The Like (AREA)
  • Joining Of Glass To Other Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Mehrscheiben-Isolierverglasung System in Form einer Verbundscheibe, bestehend aus zwei externen transparenten Glasscheiben, zwischen denen sich ein im sichtbaren Licht transparentes Gasmedium befindet, wobei im mit einem hermetischen, wärmeisolierenden Rahmen verschlossenen Innenbereich zwischen den genannten Scheiben, parallel zu den externen Scheiben, transparente interne Trennelemente angeordnet sind, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trennelemente (3) die Form einer Folie aus anorganischem Glas mit einer Dicke kleiner 400 µm und einem Biegeradius kleiner 40 cm haben, wobei sich die optischen Eigenschaften durch einen summarischen Reflexionskoeffizienten von beiden Trennelementen (3) kleiner 7 Prozent, Lichtabsorption im sichtbaren Bereich kleiner 7 Prozent und einen Trübungskoeffizienten kleiner 1,5 Prozent charakterisieren.
  2. Mehrscheiben-Isolierverglasung System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trennelemente (3) aus einer ultradünnen Folie mit einer Dicke von 20 bis 300 µm aus Quarzglas oder Bor-Lithium-Glas bestehen.
  3. Mehrscheiben-Isolierverglasung System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trennelemente (3) mit einer mehrschichtigen weicher Low-E-Beschichtung, enthaltend mindestens eine Nanoschicht Silber (301) mit einer externen nanoporösen Antireflexionsschicht (302) mit einem Gradienten des Lichtbrechungsindexes, bestehend aus Siliciumoxid, einem anderen anorganischen Material oder einem gegenüber Photoabbau beständigen Polymer beschichtet sind.
  4. Mehrscheiben-Isolierverglasung System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trennelemente (3) mit einer mehrschichtigen weichen Low-E-Beschichtung, enthaltend mindestens eine Nanoschicht Silber (301) mit einer Antireflexionsschicht aus einem amorphen Fluorpolymer (304), das im sichtbaren Licht hochtransparent und im fernen Infrarot in dünnen Schichten transparent ist, mit einem sehr kleinen Lichtbrechungsindex und somit einem sehr kleinen Reflexionskoeffizienten, beschichtet sind.
  5. Mehrscheiben-Isolierverglasung System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Trennelemente (3) mit einer mehrschichtigen weichen Low-E-Beschichtung, enthaltend mindestens eine Nanoschicht Silber (301) mit einer Nanorelief-Schicht (305) Typ "Mottenauge" aus einem anorganischen Material oder einem gegenüber Photoabbau beständigen Polymer, beschichtet sind.
  6. Mehrscheiben-Isolierverglasung System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Abstand zwischen den internen Trennelementen (3) von der Gasart in der Verbundscheibe (1) abhängt und von 8 Millimeter für Xenon bis 25 Millimeter für Luft beträgt.
  7. Mehrscheiben-Isolierverglasung System nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die einzelnen Trennelemente (3) an den Kanten mit Versteifungsleisten (9) verstärkt sind.
  8. Mehrscheiben-Isolierverglasung System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbundscheibe (1) mit einem flexiblen wärmedämmenden Rahmen (6) mit einer hermetischen externen Beschichtung (7), verbunden mit den Versteifungsleisten (9) des Trennelements (3) mit Rillen (11), in die die Stäbe (12) hineingeschoben werden, ausgestattet ist.
  9. Mehrscheiben-Isolierverglasung System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rahmen (6) wärmedämmende Abstandhalter (10) der Trennelemente (3), die den gleichen Abstand gewährleisten, haben.
  10. Mehrscheiben-Isolierverglasung System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rahmen (6) wärmedämmende Abstandhalter der Trennelemente (3) in Form von flexiblen Manschetten (13) mit Aerogel haben.
  11. Mehrscheiben-Isolierverglasung System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Rahmen (6) wärmedämmende Abstandhalter der Trennelemente (3) in Form von federnden Zugstäben (14) oder porösen Einsätzen (15) haben.
  12. Mehrscheiben-Isolierverglasung System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbundscheibe (1) mit einem System von internen Streben (16), das den ganzen Körper der Verbundscheibe (1) versteift und ihre feste Abmessungen trotz der Änderungen des Innendruckes gewährleistet, ausgestattet ist.
  13. Mehrscheiben-Isolierverglasung System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbundscheibe (1) mit einem hermetisch verschlossenen System in Form eines Kompensationsbalges (17), der die Schwankungen des Gasvolumens kompensiert, ausgestattet ist.
  14. Mehrscheiben-Isolierverglasung System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Verbundscheibe (1) mit einen halb offenen System zur Kompensation von Änderungen des Gasdruckes und des Gasvolumens auf Basis des Luftaustauschs, enthaltend einen Filter und einen Trockner, ausgestattet ist.
  15. Mehrscheiben-Isolierverglasung System nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Kompensationssystem eine zentralisierte Version mit der Verbindung von mindestens zwei Verbundscheiben (1) mit einer zentralen Kompensationskammer oder einem zentralen halb offenen System zur Kompensation Änderungen des Gasdruckes und des Gasvolumens, auf Basis des Luftaustauschs, enthaltend einen Filter und einen Trockner, darstellt.
EP13711151.4A 2012-10-01 2013-02-20 Mehrscheiben-isolierverglasung system Not-in-force EP2909412B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PL401005A PL222490B1 (pl) 2012-10-01 2012-10-01 Ustrój wielowarstwowych przeszkleń termoizolacyjnych
PCT/PL2013/050006 WO2014054957A1 (en) 2012-10-01 2013-02-20 System of multilayered thermally-insulating glazing units

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2909412A1 EP2909412A1 (de) 2015-08-26
EP2909412B1 true EP2909412B1 (de) 2017-05-17

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EP13711151.4A Not-in-force EP2909412B1 (de) 2012-10-01 2013-02-20 Mehrscheiben-isolierverglasung system

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EP (1) EP2909412B1 (de)
PL (1) PL222490B1 (de)
WO (1) WO2014054957A1 (de)

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2753127A1 (de) 1977-11-29 1979-06-07 Tilman Ludwig Dipl In Weinlich Verfahren und konstruktion zum einspannen von folien zwischen scheiben
CH665255A5 (de) 1983-02-09 1988-04-29 Sulzer Ag Waermeisolationsfenster.
US5544465A (en) 1989-08-02 1996-08-13 Southwall Technologies, Inc. Thermally insulating multipane glazing struture
US5156894A (en) 1989-08-02 1992-10-20 Southwall Technologies, Inc. High performance, thermally insulating multipane glazing structure
UA81001C2 (en) 2002-12-05 2007-11-26 Visionwall Corp Heat-insulation window
PL389771A1 (pl) 2009-12-04 2011-06-06 Vis Inventis Spółka Z Ograniczoną Odpowiedzialnością Ustrój izolacji termicznej w przeszkleniach

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WO2014054957A1 (en) 2014-04-10
PL222490B1 (pl) 2016-08-31
EP2909412A1 (de) 2015-08-26
PL401005A1 (pl) 2014-04-14

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