EP2909256A1 - Matériau composite contenant des matières premières renouvelables et procédés de fabrication correspondants - Google Patents

Matériau composite contenant des matières premières renouvelables et procédés de fabrication correspondants

Info

Publication number
EP2909256A1
EP2909256A1 EP13791894.2A EP13791894A EP2909256A1 EP 2909256 A1 EP2909256 A1 EP 2909256A1 EP 13791894 A EP13791894 A EP 13791894A EP 2909256 A1 EP2909256 A1 EP 2909256A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
fibers
composite material
particles
wetting agent
raw materials
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP13791894.2A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP2909256B1 (fr
Inventor
Walter Ruef
Christoph GUNTSCHNIG
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mondi AG
Original Assignee
Mondi AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mondi AG filed Critical Mondi AG
Publication of EP2909256A1 publication Critical patent/EP2909256A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2909256B1 publication Critical patent/EP2909256B1/fr
Active legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08L—COMPOSITIONS OF MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
    • C08L23/00—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers
    • C08L23/02—Compositions of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Compositions of derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after-treatment
    • C08L23/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
    • C08L23/12—Polypropene
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K5/00—Use of organic ingredients
    • C08K5/04—Oxygen-containing compounds
    • C08K5/05—Alcohols; Metal alcoholates
    • C08K5/053—Polyhydroxylic alcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
    • C08J5/045—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material with vegetable or animal fibrous material
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
    • C08J5/06—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material using pretreated fibrous materials
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J5/00—Manufacture of articles or shaped materials containing macromolecular substances
    • C08J5/04—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material
    • C08J5/10—Reinforcing macromolecular compounds with loose or coherent fibrous material characterised by the additives used in the polymer mixture
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K7/00—Use of ingredients characterised by shape
    • C08K7/02—Fibres or whiskers
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08J—WORKING-UP; GENERAL PROCESSES OF COMPOUNDING; AFTER-TREATMENT NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASSES C08B, C08C, C08F, C08G or C08H
    • C08J2323/00—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers
    • C08J2323/02—Characterised by the use of homopolymers or copolymers of unsaturated aliphatic hydrocarbons having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond; Derivatives of such polymers not modified by chemical after treatment
    • C08J2323/10—Homopolymers or copolymers of propene
    • C08J2323/12—Polypropene

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composite material consisting of a plastic base material and embedded particles or fibers of nachwumblesenden raw materials such as abaca, cellulose fibers, pulp fibers, viscose, hemp fibers or flax fibers, and optionally an adhesion promoter, and a method for producing a composite material in which natural fibers such as cellulose fibers, regenerated cellulose fibers, cellulose fibers, hemp fibers or flax fibers are mixed with a plastic base material and optionally additives in a mixing device and pressed in a molding press or extruder to form a composite material.
  • Plastics such as polyolefins, polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers (ABS, etc.), which particles or fibers from renewable raw materials, such as pulp, viscose, hemp, wood, flax, etc.
  • PMMA polymethylmethacrylate
  • ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymers
  • Adhesion promoters are grafted onto polypropylene or polyethylene, for example in the case of polyolefins, maleic anhydride groups, in order to be able to achieve sufficient connectivity between the plastics and the particles or fibers from renewable raw materials.
  • the impact strength or notch impact strength filled with particles or fibers from renewable resources or with particles or fibers renewable raw materials offset composite Significantly increase materials without adversely affecting other properties.
  • WO 03/035393 A1 is a composite material consisting of PVC and wood fibers corresponds detachable, in which additional additives, such as polyester and a lubricant compliance 'th may be.
  • additional additives such as polyester and a lubricant compliance 'th may be.
  • PVC polyvinyl chloride
  • US 201 1028060 A1 discloses composite structures comprising a fibrous material and a matrix-resin composition, which composite structure contains, in addition to a fibrous material, a matrix-resin composition consisting of polyamide compositions.
  • the polyamide compositions themselves according to this document are composed of polyamide resin and polyalcohols having more than two hydroxyl groups.
  • WO 02/083824 A1 describes composite compositions for creped articles comprising a cellulosic fiber, a thermoplastic binder, a coupling agent containing maleic anhydride and maleic anhydride functionalities as well as a lubricant containing the alkyl ester of a carboxylic acid.
  • the present invention therefore aims to provide a composite material which, on the one hand, has an increased impact strength or notched impact strength compared to conventional composite materials consisting of base polymers and additives based on particles or fibers of renewable raw materials and, on the other hand, a composite material which is conventional with respect to these at least as good material composite and material properties can provide.
  • the composite material according to the invention is essentially characterized in that it further contains a wetting agent selected from a polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 90 to 40,000 and / or a polyhydric alcohol.
  • a wetting agent selected from a polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 90 to 40,000 and / or a polyhydric alcohol.
  • a higher elongation or extensibility of the fiber also has the consequence in the event of breakage, a facilitated fiber extraction from the composite takes place, and thus at the same time an improved lubricating or wetting effect is achieved at the fiber-plastic interface, which consequently leads to an increased impact strength or notched impact strength of the entire composite material in comparison to Conventional composite materials in which the fibers were not subjected to impregnation leads.
  • a polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 90 to 40,000 is used as the wetting agent.
  • polyethylene glycol having a molecular weight between 90 and 40,000, in particular 120 to 2,000 in particular the lubricating effect at the interface between fiber and plastic is significantly increased, whereby overall the impact strength of the composite compared to conventional composites without the addition of low molecular weight polyethylene glycols a mean molecular weight of 90 to 40,000 is significantly improved.
  • wetting agent in the present context various alcohols, polyhydric alcohols or polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 90 to 40,000, which attach to and / or penetrate the surface of the fibers, thus wetting or moistening the fibers and thereby the fibers in a softer state compared to the unwetted state.
  • the composite is preferably formed so that the wetting agent used as a polyhydric alcohol from sorbitol, glycerol, diethylene glycol, ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, butylene glycol, tetramethylene glycol, pentamethylene glycol or propanediol is selected.
  • Polyhydric alcohols from the above-mentioned group are characterized by the fact that they are sufficiently volatile on the one hand and therefore unintentional evaporation from the composite material during processing and thus a disturbance of the internal structure can be avoided with certainty and, on the other hand, adequate wetting or sealing Humidification of the fibers and thus achieve the desired effect of impact resistance.
  • Particularly advantageous results are achieved with a composite material in which the wetting agent is contained in amounts of 0.1 to 6% by weight of the total composite material. When using such amounts, it is possible to significantly increase the impact strength or notched impact strength, in particular by up to 150%, in comparison to composite materials which contain no wetting agent.
  • Particularly high impact strengths or notched impact strengths are obtained with composite materials in which the constituents are present in the following ratios: 30 to 95% by weight of plastic base material, 5 to 70% by weight of particles and fibers from renewable raw materials, 0.5 to 21 wt .-% wetting agent and up to 20 wt .-% additives.
  • a composite material which receives about twice as much to four times as much plastic base material, such as particles or fibers from renewable raw materials and about 1 to 30%, in particular 10 to 20 wt .-% wetting agent with respect to the particles or fibers used from renewable raw materials, it is possible to further increase the impact strength of the plastic or composite material filled with particles or fibers from renewable raw materials.
  • the Verbundmateria invention is further developed such that the additives of a coupling agent selected from maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene or with Maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene or chemically modified polyolefins.
  • a coupling agent selected from maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene or with Maleic anhydride grafted polyethylene or chemically modified polyolefins.
  • plastic base material selected from polypropylene, polylactic acid (PLA), poly methyl methacrylate, ABS polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene (POM), polyethylene
  • PLM polyoxymethylene
  • polyethylene a plastic base material selected from polypropylene, polylactic acid (PLA), poly methyl methacrylate, ABS polycarbonate, polyoxymethylene (POM), polyethylene
  • POM polyoxymethylene
  • particles or fibers of renewable raw materials selected from cellulose, wood, regenerated cellulose, hemp, flax
  • wetting agent selected from polyethylene glycol, glycerol, sorbitol, diethylene glycol, 1, 3-propanedial and others
  • Aggregates selected from odor absorbers, processing aids, UV stabilizers, colorants or adhesion promoters can be used.
  • Such composites or with such composites it is possible in particular to increase the impact strength or notched impact strength by 100% or even more%.
  • the composite materials according to the invention to achieve impact strengths in the range of 4.5 to 14 kJ / m 2 .
  • Composite materials with such notch impact. Toughenes can be used, for example, for the automotive industry, electrical / electronics industry, logistics industry. Such an application was with conventional materials due to the low impact strength to date, or insufficiently possible.
  • the invention further aims at a method for the production of the composite materials according to the invention, with which it is possible to quickly and reliably produce composite materials containing particles and fibers from renewable raw materials, which are characterized by an increased notched impact strength compared to conventional materials.
  • the inventive method is essentially characterized in that the particles or fibers are impregnated from renewable raw materials with a wetting agent.
  • a moistening of the fibers is achieved before or during mixing, and thus a softening of the fibers achieved, whereby an overall higher elasticity of the impregnated with the particles or fibers from renewable Raw materials produced composite material can be achieved.
  • the method is performed so that the plastic base material is impregnated with the particles or fibers of renewable resources and at least a portion of the wetting agent in an internal mixer, it succeeds easily and quickly, all contacting and intimately mixing components necessary to form the composite, both to ensure adequate wetting of the particles or fibers from renewable resources with the wetting agent, and to ensure separation and inadvertent separation of the individual composite forming constituents Security is being withheld.
  • the process is conducted in such a way that the particles or fibers from renewable raw materials are mixed with a part of the wetting agent.
  • the process is conducted in such a way that the additives are selected from a coupling agent selected from polypropylene grafted with maleic anhydride or polyethylene grafted with maleic anhydride or chemically modified polyolefins.
  • this is performed so that the material mixture from the internal mixer of a molding press or an extruder is supplied, and is compressed with a relation to atmosphere increased pressure, in particular 5 to 40 bar, which not only receive products can be, which have completely homogeneous properties, but in particular a variety of any shapes or objects are produced with the composite material according to the invention.
  • a relation to atmosphere increased pressure in particular 5 to 40 bar
  • 1 is a diagram showing the change in notched impact strength by adding different wetting agents
  • FIG. 2 is a block diagram showing changes in notched impact strength with addition of different amounts of wetting agents
  • Example 1 To produce a composite material according to the invention, the starting materials of a composite material, namely 80% by weight of polypropylene and 20% by weight of cellulose fibers are kneaded at 180 ° C. for 4 minutes in an internal mixer and pressed into a composite material. The notched impact strength of this composite material thus produced was determined to be 3.27 kJ / m 2 . The starting material was subsequently changed so that 2% by weight of the polypropylene was replaced by a wetting agent and composites were made by the same procedure. With addition of 2
  • Example 2 The procedure of Example 1 is repeated except that the amount of the wetting agent used is varied to recognize the influence of the amount of a wetting agent on the impact value.
  • a wetting agent 2% by weight of glycerol was mixed as a wetting agent, whereupon an impact value of 10.55 kJ / m 2 was achieved.
  • 4 wt .-% glycerol results in an increase in the notch impact on 13.82 kj ' / ' m 2 , as shown in FIG. 2 can be removed. From this comparison it can be seen that an increase in the notched impact strength can be achieved by increasing the amount added.
  • Example 3 A base composite material was prepared as described in Example 1, without the addition of a wetting agent. This base composite material thus prepared was compared to a composite material containing 20% fiber content and 2% wetting agent, the process being chosen once as described in Example 1, in which process a notched impact strength of 5.85 kJ / m 2 was achieved , compared to a notched impact strength of 4.75 kJ / m 2 in a composite material without addition of wetting agent.
  • the wetting agent here was selected to be a polyethylene glycol having an average molecular weight of 150.
  • Example 1 the polyethylene glycol was used prior to introduction into the internal mixer for impregnating the cellulose fibers and the cellulose fibers impregnated in this way were subsequently introduced into the internal mixer and mixed with the plastic base material as described in Example 1 and pressed into a composite material.
  • a composite material produced in this way exhibited a notched impact strength of 6.23 kJ / m 2 compared to 5.85 kJ / m 2 in comparison to the production process described in FIG. 1 in the process of Example 1. From these results it can be seen that can be further increased depending on the chosen process control of the notched impact strength.
  • Example 4 to 8 the procedure of Example 1 was followed and the development of impact strength of composite materials with different particles or fibers from renewable raw materials and with different wetting agents was examined. Notched impact values were measured at 23 ° C as in the previous examples.
  • Example 4 A composite material of 45% by weight of polypropylene, 50% by weight of wood fibers and 5% by weight of polyethylene glycol was processed into a composite material as described in Example 1.
  • the notched impact strength measured at room temperature (23 ° C.) was 6.46 kJ / m 2 in the composition used in Example 4; Similar composite material without addition of wetting agent, ie without the addition of Polyiyylygiycoi 3.4 kJ / rn 2 .
  • Example 5 A composite material of 67% by weight of polypropylene, 30% by weight of hemp fibers and 3% by weight of propanediol was processed into a composite material as described in Example 1. The notched impact strength measured at room temperature (23 ° C) was. In the case of the composition used in Example 5, 5.5 kJ / m 2 for a comparable composite material without addition of wetting agent, ie without the addition of propanediol 2.2 kJ / m 2 .
  • Example 6 A composite material of 67% by weight of polypropylene, 30% by weight of rice husks and 3% by weight of glycerol was processed into a composite material as described in Example 1.
  • the notched impact strength measured at room temperature (23 ° C.) was 3.2 kJ / m 2 for the composition used in Example 6, and 2.1 kJ / m 2 for a comparable composite material without addition of wetting agent, ie without the addition of glycerol.
  • Example 7 A composite material of 67% by weight of polypropylene, 30% by weight of flax fibers and 3% by weight of glycerol was processed into a composite material as described in Example 1.
  • the notched impact strength measured at room temperature (23 ° C.) in the composition used in Example 7 was 6.1 kJ / m 2 , with a comparable composite material without addition of wetting agent, ie without addition of glycerol, 3.2 kJ / m 2 .
  • Example 8 A composite material of 67% by weight of polypropylene, 30% by weight of viscose fibers and 3% by weight of polyoxyglycoi was processed into a composite material as described in Example 1.
  • the notched impact strength measured at room temperature (23 ° C.) was 6.2 kJ / m 2 in the case of the composition used in Example 8, with a comparable composite material without addition of wetting agent, ie without the addition of polyethylglycoi 4 kJ / m 2 .

Landscapes

  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Medicinal Chemistry (AREA)
  • Polymers & Plastics (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Manufacturing & Machinery (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)

Abstract

L'invention concerne un matériau composite constitué par un matériau de base synthétique et des particules ou des fibres, qui y sont incorporées, en matières brutes renouvelables telles que des fibres de bois, de l'abaca, des fibres de cellulose, des fibres de pâte, des fibres de cellulose régénérée, des fibres de chanvre ou des fibres de lin ainsi que, le cas échéant, un promoteur d'adhérence. Selon l'invention, le matériau comporte en outre un agent mouillant choisi parmi un polyéthylène glycol présentant un poids moléculaire moyen de 90 à 40 000 et/ou un alcool polyvalent.
EP13791894.2A 2012-10-22 2013-10-18 Matériau composite de matières premières régénérantes et le procédé de son fabrication Active EP2909256B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
ATA1136/2012A AT513561B1 (de) 2012-10-22 2012-10-22 Nachwachsende Rohstoffe enthaltender Verbundwerkstoff sowie Verfahren zu seiner Herstellung
PCT/AT2013/000176 WO2014063175A1 (fr) 2012-10-22 2013-10-18 Matériau composite contenant des matières premières renouvelables et procédés de fabrication correspondants

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2909256A1 true EP2909256A1 (fr) 2015-08-26
EP2909256B1 EP2909256B1 (fr) 2017-07-12

Family

ID=49585223

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13791894.2A Active EP2909256B1 (fr) 2012-10-22 2013-10-18 Matériau composite de matières premières régénérantes et le procédé de son fabrication

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US20150291784A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2909256B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2015532344A (fr)
KR (1) KR102152976B1 (fr)
CN (1) CN104755537A (fr)
AR (1) AR093083A1 (fr)
AT (1) AT513561B1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2642880T3 (fr)
HU (1) HUE036480T2 (fr)
WO (1) WO2014063175A1 (fr)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
KR102152976B1 (ko) 2020-09-08
CN104755537A (zh) 2015-07-01
HUE036480T2 (hu) 2018-07-30
EP2909256B1 (fr) 2017-07-12
ES2642880T3 (es) 2017-11-20
JP2015532344A (ja) 2015-11-09
KR20150094608A (ko) 2015-08-19
AT513561A1 (de) 2014-05-15
WO2014063175A1 (fr) 2014-05-01
AT513561B1 (de) 2016-02-15
AR093083A1 (es) 2015-05-20
US20150291784A1 (en) 2015-10-15

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