Classifications

• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
  • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
  • B22D17/08—Cold chamber machines, i.e. with unheated press chamber into which molten metal is ladled
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
  • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
  • B22D17/14—Machines with evacuated die cavity
• • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
  • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
  • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
  • B22D17/00—Pressure die casting or injection die casting, i.e. casting in which the metal is forced into a mould under high pressure
  • B22D17/20—Accessories: Details
  • B22D17/22—Dies; Die plates; Die supports; Cooling equipment for dies; Accessories for loosening and ejecting castings from dies

Definitions

• Injection molding is a manufacturing process that is conventionally utilized to form articles from plastic. This may include use of thermoplastic and thermosetting plastic materials to form an article, such as a toy, car parts, and so on.
• Metal alloy injection molding techniques are described. In one or more implementations, these techniques may include adjustment of injection pressure, configuration of runners, and/or use of vacuum pressure, and so on to encourage flow of the metal alloy through a mold. Techniques are also described that utilize protrusions to counteract thermal expansion and subsequent contraction of the metal alloy upon cooling. Further, techniques are described in which a radius of edges of a feature is configured to encourage flow and reduce voids. A variety of other techniques are also described herein. [0004] This Summary is provided to introduce a selection of concepts in a simplified form that are further described below in the Detailed Description. This Summary is not intended to identify key features or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used as an aid in determining the scope of the claimed subject matter.
• FIG. 1 is an illustration of an environment in an example implementation that is operable to employ injection molding techniques described herein.
• FIG. 2 depicts an example implementation in which features of an article molded using a system of FIG. 1 is shown.
• FIG. 3 depicts an example implementation in which a cavity defined by mold portions may be shaped to form a wall and features of FIG. 2.
• FIG. 4 depicts a system in an example implementation in which an injection distribution device is used to physically couple an outflow of injected metal alloy from an injection device to a mold of a molding device.
• FIG. 5 depicts an example implementation showing comparison of respective cross sections of the runner and the plurality of sub-runners of FIG. 4.
• FIG. 6 depicts a system in an example implementation in which a vacuum device is employed to create negative pressure inside a cavity of the mold to promote flow of the metal alloy.
• FIG. 7 depicts a system in an example implementation in which a mold includes one or more overflows to bias a flow of metal alloy through a mold.
• FIG. 8 depicts an example implementation in which a protrusion is utilized to reduce an effect of thermal expansion caused by varying degrees of thickness of an article to be molded.
• FIG. 9 depicts an example implementation in which a mold is employed that includes edges configured to reduce voids.
• FIG. 10 is a flow diagram depicting a procedure in an example implementation in which an article is injected molded using a mold that employs overflows.
• FIG. 11 is a flow diagram depicting a procedure in an example implementation in which a mold is formed that employs overflows.
• FIG. 12 is a flow diagram depicting a procedure in an example implementation in which a protrusion is formed to at least partially counteract thermal expansion of the metal alloy and subsequent contraction caused by cooling of the metal alloy.
• FIG. 13 is a flow diagram depicting a procedure in an example implementation in which a mold is formed that is configured to form a protrusion on an article to counteract an effect of thermal expansion.
• FIG. 14 is a flow diagram depicting a procedure in an example implementation in which a radius is employed to limit formation of voids of the article.
• Metal alloy injection molding techniques are described.
• techniques are described that may be utilized to support injection molding of a metal alloy, such as a metal alloy that is comprised primarily of magnesium. These techniques include configuration of runners used to fill a cavity of a mold such that a rate of flow is not slowed by the runners, such as to match an overall size of branches of a runner to a runner from which they branch.
• injection pressure and vacuum pressure may be arranged to encourage flow through an entirety of a cavity that is used to form an article.
• the vacuum pressure may be used to bias flow toward portions of the cavity that otherwise may be difficult to fill. This biasing may also be performed using overflows to encourage flow toward these areas, such as areas of the cavity that are feature rich and thus may be difficult to fill using conventional techniques.
• protrusions may be formed to counteract effects of thermal expansion on an article to be molded.
• the protrusions for instance, may be sized to counteract shrinkage caused by a thickness of a feature after the metal alloy cools in the mold. In this way, the protrusions may be used to form a substantially flat surface even though features may be disposed on an opposing side of the surface.
• a radius may be employed by features to encourage fill and reduce voids in an article.
• a relatively thin article e.g., less than one millimeter
• sharp corners may cause voids at the corners due to turbulence and other factors encountered in the injection of the metal alloy into a mold.
• a radius may be utilized that is based at least in part on a thickness of the article to encourage flow and reduce voids.
• Example procedures are then described which may be performed in the example environment as well as other environments. Consequently, performance of the example procedures is not limited to the example environment and the example environment is not limited to performance of the example procedures. It should be readily apparent that these technique may be combined, separated, and so on.
• FIG. 1 is an illustration of an environment in an example implementation showing a system 100 that is operable to employ injection mold techniques described herein.
• the illustrated environment includes a computing device 102 that is communicatively coupled to an injection device 104 and a molding device 106. Although illustrated separately, the functionality represented by these apparatus may be combined, further divided, and so on.
• the computing device 102 is illustrated as including an injection molding control module 108, which is representative of functionality to control operation of the injection device 104 and molding device 106.
• the injection molding control module 108 may utilize one or more instructions 110 stored on a computer-readable storage media 112. The one or more instructions 110 may then be used to control operation of the injection device 104 and molding device 106 to form an article using injection molding.
• the injection device 104 may include an injection control module 116 to control heating and injection of a metal alloy 118 that is to be injected into a mold 120 of the molding device 106.
• Injection device 104 may include a heating element to heat and liquefy the metal alloy 118, such as to melt a metal alloy comprised primarily of magnesium to approximately six hundred and fifty degrees Celsius.
• the injection device 104 may then employ an injector (e.g., a plunger or screw type injector) to inject the metal alloy 118 in liquid form under pressure into the mold 120 of the molding device, such as at approximately forty mPa although other pressures are also contemplated.
• an injector e.g., a plunger or screw type injector
• the molding device 106 is illustrated as including a mold control module 122, which is representative of functionality to control operation of the mold 120.
• the mold 120 may a plurality of mold portions 124, 126.
• the mold portions 124, 126 when disposed proximal to each other form a cavity 128 that defines the article 114 to be molded.
• the mold portions 124, 126 may then be moved apart to remove the article 114 from the mold 120.
• FIG. 2 depicts an example implementation 200 in which features of an article molded using the system 100 of FIG. 1 is shown.
• the article 114 is configured to form part of a housing for a computing device in a hand held form factor, e.g., tablet, mobile phone, game device, music device, and so on.
• a hand held form factor e.g., tablet, mobile phone, game device, music device, and so on.
• the article 114 in this instance includes portions that define a wall 202 of the article 114.
• Features 204, 206 are also included that extend away from the wall 202 and thus have a thickness that is greater than the wall. Additionally, the features 204, 206 may have a width that is considered relatively thin in comparison with this thickness. Accordingly, in form factors in which the wall is also considered thin (e.g., less than one millimeter) it may be difficult to get the metal alloy 118 to flow into these features using conventional techniques.
• a cavity 128 defined by the mold portions 124, 126 may be shaped to form the wall 202 and the features 204, 206.
• a flow of the metal alloy 118 into the cavity 128 at relatively thin thickness may cause the metal alloy 114 to cool before filling the cavity 128 and thus may be leave voids in the cavity 128 between the metal alloy 114 and surfaces of the cavity 128. These voids may consequently have an adverse effect on the article 114 being molded. Accordingly, techniques may be employed to reduce and even eliminate formation of the voids, an example of which is described in the following discussion and corresponding figure.
• FIG. 4 depicts a system 400 in an example implementation in which an injection distribution device 402 is used to physically couple an outflow of the injected metal alloy from the injection device 104 to a mold 120 of the molding device 106.
• Pressure used to inject the metal alloy 118 to form the article 114 may set to encourage a uniform fill of the cavity 128 of the mold 120.
• a pressure may be employed by the injection device 104 that is sufficient to form an alpha layer (e.g., skin) on an outer surface of the metal alloy 118 as it flows through the mold 120.
• the alpha layer may have a higher density at a surface than in the "middle" of the metal alloy 118 when flowing into the mold 120. This may be formed based at least in part using relatively high pressures (such as around 40 mega Pascals) such that the skin is pressed against a surface of the mold 120 thereby reducing formation of voids.
• relatively high pressures such as around 40 mega Pascals
• an injection distribution device 402 may be configured to encourage this flow from the injection device 104 into the mold 120.
• the injection device 402 in this example includes a runner 404 and a plurality of sub- runners 406, 408, 410.
• the sub-runners 406-410 are used to distribute the metal alloy 118 into different portions of the mold 120 to promote a generally uniform application of the metal alloy 118.
• conventional injection distribution devices were often configured such that a flow of the metal alloy 118 or other material was hindered by the branches of the device.
• the branches formed by sub-runners of convention devices, for instance, may be sized such as to cause an approximate forty percent flow restriction between a runner and the sub-runners that were configured to receive the metal alloy 118.
• this flow restriction could cause cooling of the metal alloy 118 as well as counteract functionality supported through use of particular pressures (e.g., about 40 mega Pascals) used to form alpha layers.
• the injection distribution device 402 may be configured such that a decrease in flow of the metal alloy 118 through the device is not experienced.
• a size of a cross section 412 taken of the runner 404 may be approximated by an overall size of a cross section 414 taken of the plurality of sub-runners 406, 408, 410, which is described further below and shown in relation to a corresponding figure.
• FIG. 5 depicts an example implementation 500 showing comparison of respect cross sections 412, 414 of the runner 404 and the plurality of sub-runners 406-410.
• the cross section 412 of the runner 404 is approximately equal to or less than a cross section 414 overall of the plurality of sub-runners 406-408. This may be performed by varying a diameter (e.g., including height and/or width) such that flow is not reduced as the metal alloy 118 passes through the injection distribution device 104.
• the runner 404 may be sized to coincide with an injection port of the injection device 104 and the plurality of sub-runners 406-410 may get progressively shorter and wider to coincide with a form factor of the cavity 128 of the mold 120.
• FIG. 6 depicts a system 600 in an example implementation in which a vacuum device is employed to create negative pressure inside a cavity of the mold 120 to promote flow of the metal alloy 118.
• metal alloys 118 such as one primarily comprised of magnesium may be resistant to flow, especially for thickness that are less than a millimeter. This problem may be exacerbated when confronted with forming an article that is approximately two hundred millimeters long or greater and thus conventional techniques were limited to articles smaller than that.
• a vacuum device 602 is employed to bias a flow of the metal alloy 118 through the cavity 128 to form the article 114.
• the vacuum device 602 may be configured to form negative pressure within the cavity 128 of the mold 120.
• the negative pressure e.g., 0.4 bar
• the negative pressure may include a partial vacuum formed to remove air from the cavity 218, thereby reducing a chance of formation of air pockets as the cavity 128 is filled with the metal alloy 118.
• the vacuum device 602 may be coupled to particular areas of the mold 120 to bias the flow of the metal alloy 118 in desired ways.
• the article 114 may include areas that are feature rich (e.g., as opposed to sections having fewer features, the wall 202, and so on) and thus may restrict flow in those areas. Additionally, particular areas might be further away from an injection port (e.g., at the corners that are located closer to the vacuum device 602 than the injection device 104).
• the vacuum device 602 is coupled to areas that are opposite areas of the mold 120 that receive the metal alloy 118, e.g., from the injection device 104. In this way, the metal alloy 118 is encouraged to flow through the mold 120 and reduce voids formed within the mold 120 due to incomplete flow, air pockets, and so on. Other techniques may also be employed to bias flow of the metal alloy 118, another example of which is described as follows and shown in an associated figure.
• FIG. 7 depicts a system 700 in an example implementation in which a mold 120 includes one or more overflows 702, 704 to bias a flow of metal alloy 118 through a mold 120.
• characteristics of the article 114 to be molded may cause complications, such as due to relative thinness (e.g., less than one millimeter), length of article (e.g., 100 millimeters or over), shape of article 114 (e.g., to reach corners on the opposing side of the cavity 128 from the injection device 104), features and feature density, and so on. These complications may make it difficult to get the metal alloy 118 to flow to particular portions of the mold 120, such as due to cooling and so forth.
• overflows 702, 704 are utilized to bias flow of the metal alloy 118 towards the overflows 702, 704.
• the overflows 702, 704, for instance, may bias flow toward the corners of the cavity 128 in the illustrated example. In this way, a portion of the cavity 128 that may be otherwise difficult to fill may be formed using the metal alloy 118 without introducing voids.
• Other examples are also contemplated, such as to position the overflows 702, 704 based on feature density of corresponding portions of the cavity 128 of the mold 120.
• material e.g., the metal alloy 118
• disposed within the overflows 702, 704 may be removed to form the article 114, such as by a machining operation.
• the overflows 702, 704 may be utilized to counteract a "cold material" condition in which the material (e.g., the metal alloy 118) does not fill the cavity 128 completely, thus forming voids such as pinholes.
• the colder material for instance, may exit the overflows 702, 704 thus promoting contact of hotter material (e.g., metal alloy 118 still in substantially liquid form) to form the article 114. This may also aide a microstructure of the article 114 due to the lack of imperfections as could be encountered otherwise.
• FIG. 8 depicts an example implementation 800 in which a protrusion is utilized to reduce an effect of thermal expansion caused by varying degrees of thickness of an article 114 to be molded.
• injection molding was traditionally utilized to form plastic parts.
• conventional techniques were then expanded to metal alloys, conventional techniques were limited to relatively small sizes (e.g., watch parts) due to thermal expansion of the material, which could cause inconsistencies in articles larger than a relatively small size, e.g., watch parts.
• techniques are described herein which may utilized to counteract differences in thermal expansion, e.g., due to differences in thickness of the article, and as such may be used to support manufacture of larger articles, such as articles over 100 millimeters.
• the example implementation 800 is illustrated using first and second stages 802, 804.
• the mold 120 is shown as forming a cavity 128 to mold an article.
• the cavity 128 is configured to have different thicknesses to mold different parts of the article 114, such as a wall 202 and a feature 206.
• the feature 206 has a thickness that is greater than a thickness of the wall 202. Accordingly, the feature 206 may exhibit a larger amount of contraction than the wall 202 due to thermal expansion of the metal alloy 118.
• this caused a depression in a side of the article that is opposite to the feature 206. This depression made formation of a substantially flat surface on a side of the article that opposed the feature 206 difficult if not impossible using conventional injection molding techniques.
• the cavity 126 of the mold may be configured to form a protrusion 806 on an opposing side of the feature.
• the protrusion 806 may be shaped and sized based at least in part on thermal expansion (and subsequent contraction) of the metal alloy 118 used to form the article.
• the protrusion 806 may be formed in a variety of ways, such as to have a minimum radius of 0.6 mm, use of angles of thirty degrees or less, and so on.
• the article 114 may form a substantially flat surface that includes an area proximal to an opposing side of the feature as well as the opposing side of the feature 206, e.g., the wall 202 and an opposing side of the feature 206 adjacent to the wall 202.
• the article 114 may be formed to have a substantially flat surface using a mold 120 having a cavity 128 that is not substantially flat at a corresponding portion of the cavity 128 of the mold 120.
• FIG. 9 depicts an example implementation 900 in which a mold is employed that includes edges configured to reduce voids.
• This implementation 900 is also shown using first and second stage 902, 904.
• injection molding was traditionally performed using plastics.
• conventional techniques could be confronted with reduced flow characteristics of the metal alloy 118 in comparison with the plastics, which could cause voids.
• molding portions 124, 126 of the mold 120 are configured to form a cavity 128 as before to mold an article 114.
• the cavity 128 is configured to employ radii and angles that promote flowability between the surface of the cavity 218 and the metal alloy 118 to form the article 114 without voids.
• the article 114 may be configured to include portions (e.g., a wall) that have a thickness of less than one millimeter, such as approximately 0.65 millimeter. Accordingly, a radius 906 of approximately 0.6 to 1.0 millimeters may be used to form an edge of the article 114. This radius 906 is sufficient to promote flow of a metal alloy 118 comprised primarily of magnesium through the cavity 128 of the mold 120 from the injection device 104 yet still promote contact. Other radii are also contemplated, such as one millimeter, two millimeters, and three millimeters. Additionally, larger radii may be employed with articles having less thickness, such as a radius of approximately twelve millimeters for an article 114 having walls with a thickness of approximately 0.3 millimeters.
• these radii may be employed to follow a likely direction of flow of the metal alloy 118 through the cavity 128 in the mold 120.
• a leading and/or trailing edge of a feature aligned perpendicular to the flow of the metal alloy 118 may employ the radii described above whereas other edges of the feature that run substantially parallel to the flow may employ "sharp" edges that do not employ the radii, e.g., have a radius of less than 0.6 mm for an article 114 having walls with a thickness of approximately 0.65 millimeters.
• metal alloy 118 may be shaped using the mold 120 as shown in the first stage 902.
• edges of the article 114 may be machined to "sharpen" the edges, e.g., stamping, grinding, cutting, and so on.
• stamping e.g., stamping, grinding, cutting, and so on.
• Other examples are also contemplated as further described in the following discussion of the example procedures.
• FIG. 10 depicts a procedure 1000 in an example implementation in which an article is injection molded using a mold that employs overflows.
• An article is injection molded using a metal alloy comprised primarily of magnesium using a molding device having a plurality of molding portions that form a cavity that defines an article to be molded using the metal alloy and one or more overflows that are positioned to bias flow of the metal alloy toward parts of the cavity that correspond to the overflows (block 1002).
• the overflows 702, 704 may be positioned to bias flow towards associated regions of the mold 120.
• the overflows 702, 704 may also be used to remove metal alloy 118 that has cooled during flow through the mold 120 such that subsequent metal alloy that is injected into the mold 120 may remain in a liquid form sufficient to contact the surface of the cavity as opposed to the cooled metal alloy 118 that may cause pin holes and other imperfections.
• the metal alloy collected in the one or more overflows is removed from the metal alloy molded using the cavity to form the article (block 1004). This may be performed using a stamping, machining, or other operation in which the metal alloy 118 disposed in the overflows is separated from the metal alloy 118 in the cavity 128 of the mold 120 that is used to form the article 114, e.g., a housing of a hand-held computing device such as a tablet, phone, and so on.
• FIG. 11 depicts a procedure 1100 in an example implementation in which a mold is formed that employs overflows.
• a mold is formed that includes a plurality of molding portions (block 1102).
• the molding portions may be used to form a cavity that define an article to be molded using a metal alloy (block 1104), such as a metal alloy comprised primarily of magnesium.
• One or more flows may also be formed as part of the molding portions that are positioned to bias flow of the metal alloy injected through the cavity toward parts of the cavity that correspond to the overflows (block 1106). As before, these overflows may be positioned due to feature density of the article, difficult locations of the cavity to fill, located to remove "cooled" metal alloy, and so on.
• FIG. 12 depicts a procedure 1200 in an example implementation in which a protrusion is formed to at least partially counteract thermal expansion of the metal alloy and subsequent contraction caused by cooling of the metal alloy.
• a metal alloy is injected into a mold having a plurality of molding portions that define a cavity that corresponds to an article to be molded.
• the mold defines a portion of the cavity that defines a feature for the article having a thickness that is greater than a thickness of an area of the article defined by the cavity that is proximal to the feature.
• the mold also defines a protrusion for the article aligned as substantially opposing the feature, the protrusion being sized such that upon solidifying of the metal alloy that forms the article, the protrusion reduces an effect of thermal expansion on a portion of the article that is aligned as substantially opposing the feature (block 1202).
• the protrusion for instance, may be formed as an indention in part of the cavity 128 of the mold 120.
• the metal alloy is removed from the cavity of the mold after solidifying of the metal alloy within the mold (block 1204).
• the protrusion may be used to offset an effect of thermal expansion and subsequent contraction of the metal alloy 118, such as to form a substantially flat surface on a side of the article opposite to the feature.
• FIG. 13 depicts a procedure 1300 in an example implementation in which a mold is formed that is configured to form a protrusion on an article to counteract an effect of thermal expansion.
• a mold is formed having a plurality of molding portions to form an article using a metal alloy that is defined in the mold using a cavity (block 1302). This may include forming a portion of the cavity that defines a feature for the article having a thickness that is greater than a thickness of an area of the article defined by the cavity that is proximal to the feature (block 1304).
• the mold may also be configured to form a protrusion for the article aligned on a side of the cavity that is opposite to a side including the feature, the protrusion being sized as being proportional to the thickness of the feature such that upon solidifying of the metal alloy that forms the article, the protrusion reduces an effect of thermal expansion on the side of the article that is opposite to the feature (block 1306). In this way, subsequent cooling of the metal alloy and corresponding contraction may be addressed to reduce the effect of the thermal expansion on the article.
• FIG. 14 depicts a procedure 1400 in an example implementation in which a radius is employed to limit formation of voids of the article.
• a metal alloy is injected into a mold having a plurality of molding portions that define a cavity that corresponds to an article to be molded including walls with a thickness of less than one millimeter with one or more features disposed thereon having edges with a radius of at least 0.6 millimeter (block 1402).
• metal alloys may introduce complications not encountered using plastics, such as quicker cooling and resistance to flow through a mold 120, especially for articles having a thickness of under one millimeter.
• the radius may be employed to reduce voids caused by sharp edges.
• At least a portion of the radius of the edge is machined to define the feature of the article after removal of the metal alloy from the cavity (block 1404). In this way, a sharp edge may be provided on the device yet a likelihood of voids reduced.
• a variety of other examples are also contemplated as previously described in relation to FIG. 9.

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• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
• Injection Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

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• 2012
  • 2012-10-17 WO PCT/CN2012/083079 patent/WO2014059621A1/en active Application Filing
  • 2012-10-17 EP EP12886525.0A patent/EP2908969A4/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-10-17 CN CN201280076121.3A patent/CN104918730B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related

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