EP2876223A1 - Modular building - Google Patents

Abstract

The present invention relates to a modular building, ie a building whose usable space is provided by at least two modules. In particular, the invention relates to a method for constructing a modular building (10) on a floor, comprising the following steps:
- Setting up a first frame (14) and a first module (12) on the floor, wherein the first frame (14) for receiving the module has a first storage
- Setting up a second frame (24) and a second module (22) on the floor, wherein the second frame (24) for receiving the module has a second storage
Adjusting the height of at least portions of the second module (22) above the ground by means of the second frame (24)
- Moving the second module (22) on the first module (12) by the second module (22) by means of the second bearing (30) relative to the second frame (24) is moved.

Description

Field of the invention

The present invention relates to a modular building, ie a building whose usable space is provided by at least two modules. It may be a building with living spaces, offices or other uses. In particular, a building for medical care comes into consideration, for example a hospital ward, an emergency care unit or a field hospital. The modules should be easy to transport and also be suitable for landing from the air, especially from a helicopter.

Background of the invention

The patent application WO 97/49606 relates to a method for deliberately depositing or picking up goods from aircraft. Under this procedure, it is proposed that the goods can be dropped without the aircraft landing and that a prestressed spatial rope truss fixes the load to be cleared. As a rule, the bias in the cable truss should be applied by the aircraft itself. In this way, common containers are to be transported, which are to be supported by a load frame.

It appears that this method is particularly suitable for use with airships ("Zeppelinen"). In any case, it does not seem easy to use a helicopter so that it tightens the rope truss while the helicopter is laying down a load. However, the process illustrates how complex it is to set down loads from the air with pinpoint accuracy. The patent application discloses a variety of useful considerations, which nonetheless seem to be very specifically optimized for use with airships. Incidentally, it is necessary, a complex To provide rope truss on the ground and to connect four ropes to the aircraft or to the load.

The German Utility Model GM 74 14 936 discloses a mechanical changing system for storable structures of truck trailers or semi-trailers. The change system requires two frames, namely a centering frame, which is connected to the chassis of the truck or to the chassis of a trailer. The system also requires the use of a floor frame to carry the actual load, typically a container. This floor frame can be supported by means of articulated levers. The use of two frames makes the system relatively heavy. For this reason alone, it does not seem suitable for air transport.

The publication DE 30 07 730 A1 discloses a large capacity container, in particular a standard container according to ISO standard. At this container, a support device is provided, which is to be part of the container and should include several (typically four) support legs. With this construction, it is necessary for the container itself to have a high stability in order to be able to stand securely between the support legs provided at the outer corners of the container. (Especially since these are even spaced from the corners.) The support legs are designed for adjusting the container in height, but do not allow adjustment of the container in the horizontal.

The patent application WO 2012/038077 A1 discloses a container transport system. In the context of this system, a horizontal envelope handling apparatus for a rail and / or road container transport system is disclosed. In the system, lifting and lifting plates are used, which can be operated hydraulically, pneumatically or electromechanically. These lifting and lifting plates must be designed so stable that they, while they are held only on one side, the container provide sufficient support. This solution also requires the use of very resistant materials, which are therefore heavy and not very suitable for air transport. Incidentally, the system provides only a displacement exactly perpendicular to the container side wall. A more accurate adjustment is not provided and probably not required when transporting a container with the truck, since a truck can be sufficiently easily and precisely moved to pick up a container to a specific location or unload.

Consequently, these various approaches do not make it possible to provide a fast portable modular building for emergency use satisfactorily. In particular, few of the disclosed solutions allow the modules for such a building to be delivered by air, especially with helicopters.

• In einem ersten Aspekt soll das modulare Gebäude einerseits leicht und andererseits stabil sein. Seine Leichtigkeit soll die Anlieferung der Module aus der Luft sicherstellen. Stabilität ist aber ebenso anzustreben, denn zur Krankenversorgung ist beispielsweise auch ein OP-Saal vorzusehen und die erforderlichen Geräte sollen stabil aufgestellt werden können.
• Eine weitere Optimierungsaufgabe ergibt sich dadurch, dass das Gebäude auch auf sehr unebenen Böden errichtet werden soll, und zugleich die gesamte Bodenfläche des Gebäudes horizontal und eben sein soll. Beispielsweise soll es leicht möglich sein, Krankenbetten von einem Bereich des Gebäudes in einen anderen zu schieben.
• In einem noch weiteren Aspekt soll das modulare System universell einsetzbar sein. Neben dem Lufttransport soll auch ein Straßentransport möglich sein. Trotz dieser Vielfältigkeit sollen sich bei einer gegebenen Einsatzart und bei einem gegebenen Einsatzzweck keine Nachteile ergeben.
• In einem weiteren Aspekt ist eine vernünftige Abwägung zwischen der Einfachheit der Konstruktion und der Einfachheit des Aufstellens auch durch ungeschultes Personal (beispielsweise wenig geschulte Freiwillige vor Ort) und der Erfordernis einer präzisen Aufstellung zu finden.

The present invention seeks to optimize different aspects from the classical engineering point of view:

• In a first aspect, the modular building should be lightweight on the one hand and stable on the other hand. Its ease should ensure the delivery of the modules from the air. However, stability is also to be striven for, because, for example, an operating room should also be provided for medical care and the necessary equipment should be able to be set up in a stable manner.
• Another optimization task results from the fact that the building should be built on very uneven floors, and at the same time the entire floor surface of the building should be horizontal and level. For example, it should be easy to move hospital beds from one area of the building to another.
• In yet another aspect, the modular system is intended to be universally applicable. In addition to the air transport should also be Road transport may be possible. Despite this diversity, there should be no disadvantages in a given type of use and for a given purpose.
• In a further aspect, a reasonable balance between simplicity of construction and ease of deployment is also found by untrained personnel (for example, under-trained field volunteers) and the need for a precise set-up.

These claims a method for building a modular building according to claim 1 and a kit for such a building according to claim 9 is sufficient.

• Aufstellen eines ersten Gestells (14) und eines ersten Moduls (12) auf dem Boden, wobei das erste Gestell (14) zur Aufnahme des Moduls eine erste Lagerung aufweist
• Aufstellen eines zweiten Gestells (24) und eines zweiten Moduls (22) auf dem Boden, wobei das zweite Gestell (24) zur Aufnahme des Moduls eine zweite Lagerung aufweist
• Justieren der Höhe mindestens von Bereichen des zweiten Moduls (22) über dem Boden mit Hilfe des zweiten Gestells (24)
• Bewegen des zweiten Moduls (22) auf das erste Modul (12) zu, indem das zweite Modul (22) mit Hilfe der zweiten Lagerung (30) relativ zum zweiten Gestell (24) verschoben wird, wobei das Bewegen durch Schwerkrafteinwirkung und/oder durch eine Hilfskraft erfolgt

A modular building in the sense of the present invention is one which consists of at least two modules. For the purposes of the invention, the method for erecting such a building on a floor is to comprise the following steps:

• Setting up a first frame (14) and a first module (12) on the floor, wherein the first frame (14) for receiving the module has a first storage
• Setting up a second frame (24) and a second module (22) on the floor, wherein the second frame (24) for receiving the module has a second storage
• Adjusting the height of at least portions of the second module (22) above the ground by means of the second frame (24)
• Moving the second module (22) on the first module (12) by the second module (22) by means of the second bearing (30) relative to the second frame (24) is moved, wherein the movement is done by gravity and / or by an assistant

These steps are preferably performed in the order of their enumeration.

The nature of the soil does not play a major role in the invention, it may be any terrain surface, in principle, the soil may be partially under water, such as in a shallow stream or the like.

• Aufstellen eines ersten Gestells (14) auf dem Boden
• Aufstellen eines ersten Moduls (12) auf dem ersten Gestell (14), welches zur Aufnahme des Moduls eine erste Lagerung aufweist
• Aufstellen eines zweiten Gestells (24) auf dem Boden
• Aufstellen eines zweiten Moduls (22) auf dem zweiten Gestell (24), welches zur Aufnahme des Moduls eine zweite Lagerung aufweist

The setting up of the first frame on the floor and the setting up of the first module on the first frame can take place in various ways. First, the rack can be placed on the floor and then a module can be placed on the rack. This is within the meaning of the invention, a form of setting up a module and a rack on the floor. The first steps of the procedure can therefore be designed as follows:

• Setting up a first frame (14) on the ground
• Setting up a first module (12) on the first frame (14), which has a first storage for receiving the module
• Setting up a second frame (24) on the ground
• Setting up a second module (22) on the second frame (24), which has a second storage for receiving the module

• Justieren der Höhe mindestens von Bereichen des ersten Moduls (12) über dem Boden mit Hilfe des ersten Gestells (14)

In general, it is necessary that the position of the first module is adapted to the ground, so that it is arranged horizontally and at an appropriate height. Therefore, a method is zweckmäßg which also comprises the following step, preferably before adjusting the height of at least portions of the second module:

• Adjusting the height of at least portions of the first module (12) above the ground by means of the first frame (14)

For the purposes of the invention, the deployment can essentially generate in one method step with an aircraft. For example, the first module may already be connected to the first frame and the first module is transported standing on the first frame and placed on the ground together with the first frame. The above applies equally to the second module and the second frame.

In a preferred form, the method thus consists of the combined placement of the first frame and the first module on the floor, wherein the first module is located on the first frame. Likewise, the setting up of the second frame on the floor can be done in the form that the second module is already on the second frame and is placed together with this.

In this design of the method, prior to the actual erection of the modular building, a preparation of the erection of the modular building can take place. In this preparation, modules are combined with corresponding racks. For example, the first module would be combined with the first frame. In this case, the first module can be fastened by fastening elements on the first frame. It would also be sufficient to lift only the first frame during transport, for example, to equip only the first frame with transport cables during air transport. The module located on the first frame would be transported along with it.

The second frame is expediently placed directly next to the first frame, typically at a distance of 10 to 50 cm.

In a further method step, the height is adjusted at least from the areas of the first module above the ground with the aid of the first frame. In this adjustment, first the height of the center of gravity of the module above the ground can be determined. Depending on the substrate, it may be beneficial to set the module higher or lower. Further, in this adjustment, the horizontal equipment of the first module can be adjusted. Each module usually has a module bottom. The module floor can be broken, but is usually closed and asks for the module inside a usable floor area. In particular, it can be ensured that the usable floor area of the first module is brought into the horizontal.

The second module can be adjusted in the same way. When adjusting the second module, the height of the center of gravity of the second module above the bottom is preferably selected so that the usable bottom surface of the second module is at the same height as the first module.

It may also be expedient that the adjustment of the second module takes place in such a way that the second frame is first brought into a connecting position and then into a use position. In a connecting position, the bottom of the second module is on the side adjacent to the first module at approximately the same height as the bottom of the first module. Incidentally, in this position, the second frame can assume a tilted position, by which the bottom of the second module is tilted toward the first module. In this position, gravity thus promotes the movement of the modules towards each other.

In a further method step, the second module is moved toward the first module. For this purpose, the second module is displaced relative to the second frame with the aid of the second bearing. This movement can be done solely by gravity. In this case, the tilting position described be exploited in which the second frame is tilted towards the first module, that the second module can move on a sufficiently smooth bearing against the first module.

In an alternative application of the method, this movement can also be done by an assistant. It would usually be sufficient to push the second module by hand onto the first module. In addition, the advantages of the tilting position described can be used. Then the movement can be done by gravity and / or by a helper. In particularly difficult external circumstances, it is also possible that the assistant not only makes the move manually, but also uses additional tools, possibly also (external) electrically or hydraulically operated tools.

When moving the second module to the first module, it depends on the relative movement of both modules. It does not matter if the module first installed or a module placed after it is first moved. In the execution of the method in the order of enumeration, it should therefore be borne in mind that the method in the last step may also include moving the first module to the second module in such a way that the first module with the aid of the first storage relative to the first frame is moved.

The two modules may be the same or different types. For a method or kit according to the present invention it is advantageous if all modules are externally identical. But it is also considered that individual modules are different. In this case, even a fixed building could be integrated as a module in the modular building.

The modules (which could also be referred to as lightweight containers) can be conveniently made of composite materials. For example, the outer walls can be made of aluminum plates become; 3 mm thick aluminum plates have proven themselves. Between an aluminum plate as an outer wall and an aluminum plate as an inner wall, a foam filling can be provided. Thus, a module according to the invention may have at least one wall and the wall and / or the bottom plate may have a multilayer structure and comprise a porous layer.

The composite material is slightly stable and heat-insulating. But as can be seen, just such a composite material is not very pressure-resistant. However, the provision of rolling plates in corresponding areas of the module base ensures that even if the storage will be provided by balls, the module bottom is not damaged. The rolling plates thus allow a particularly free choice of material as the other parts of the module.

Like the modules, the racks can be of the same type or different types. Thus, the two bearings of the same type or different design can be. If the racks and the bearings are the same design, this leads to an increased interchangeability of the elements. Therefore, in the context of the present invention, a method and a kit are preferred in which all racks are identical.

But it is also possible that the first frame has less possibilities for adjustment.

Advantageously, the method is designed so that either the first module or the second module is equipped with a guide guide. Such a guide guide is a movement in a direction of movement, ie typically transmitted in the direction of movement of the modules toward each other, in an adjustment perpendicular to this direction of movement. For example, it is considered that the adjustment is done in the vertical, so that the orientation of the modules is promoted to an equal height. It is also contemplated that this adjustment is made horizontally, for example, to make the side walls of the modules abut one another. A corresponding guide guide can substantially or approximately have the shape of an L-profile, advantageous is an L-profile, which opens in the receiving direction.

Various forms of storage of the modules on the frame are possible. It would, for example, a roller bearing into consideration. Preferably, however, a bearing is selected, which not only allows a direction of movement in the plane. Preferred are bearings that allow free movement in a plane. Typically, this is the plane in which the bottom of a module is located. One possible bearing is a plain bearing, such a sliding bearing can be provided by a sliding plastic.

Various considerations in the context of the present invention make a roller bearing appear particularly advantageous. Typically, ball rollers with a diameter between 40 and 60 mm are used.

In the context of the invention, therefore, the last method step can take the following form: moving the second module toward the first module by displacing the second module relative to the second frame with the aid of the second mounting, the movement being effected by the action of gravity and / or by an auxiliary power takes place and wherein the second module is freely movable on the second frame in a plane. In this case, the second module should also be rotatable in the plane of the second frame. The same applies to the movement of the first module.

The module bottom of the first and / or the second module can be equipped with a rolling plate, which can interact with the corresponding roller (or another bearing element). That's how it works easy to move the module on the frame. For the rolling plate a variety of hardened materials are useful. Fine grain steel has proven to be particularly useful.

The combination of a roll and a roll plate has several advantages. On the one hand, this allows easy sliding between the module and the frame. As a result, a mere tilting of the frame can be sufficient to move the module in the desired manner. Even auxiliaries can produce this displacement without much effort. Furthermore, a shift in all directions of the plane is possible with even force. It is also easily possible to effect a slight rotational movement between the frame and the module. Also, such a rotation may be required because the racks can not always be placed exactly parallel to each other.

In another aspect, it is important to the invention that modules and corresponding racks be easily assembled. It is advantageous if different modules and different racks can be combined well. For bearings with exactly coordinated parts, which have adapted to each other in the use phase due to wear, such a combination is difficult. However, the combination of a ball with a roller plate allows well the combination of different modules and different racks. It is also advantageous that the modules can be placed for example by a crane on the racks and the precision in this process only has to be so large that the rolling plates hit the balls. This is an important advantage of the invention when it comes to quickly and safely carry out construction work in an emergency or in crisis areas by untrained personnel.

The ability to combine a first frame with a first module also allows for both to be transported together, for example, by helicopter, and set up together. In this respect, a method is advantageous in the context of the present invention, in which the setting up of the first frame and the first module takes place together and with an aircraft. As an aircraft come here in particular a helicopter or an airship into consideration. Helicopters are particularly advantageous for fast erection. However, these are limited in transport weight compared to other aircraft. However, this aspect takes account of the present method, since it allows the design of particularly lightweight modules.

For the purposes of the invention is therefore expedient if a module can be firmly connected to the frame. For this purpose, a mechanical fastening device can be provided. A device is suitable which has at least one gripping connecting element (for example a hook) on the supporting frame and at least one corresponding recess on the module. Fastening elements based on the twistlock system, which is used in standard containers, are very suitable. But it is also possible to screw the modules with the racks, for example, bolts can be used.

For the rapid construction, in particular of a plurality of modules, it may also be possible to adjust the racks so that the bearings, ie in particular the first bearing and the second bearing are arranged on a plane which is inclined relative to the horizontal , In this way it can be achieved that all modules move towards each other. The lowest module on this level serves as an anchor point, so to speak, on which the other modules can be moved. In order to limit the required displacement between a module and its respective frame, but is preferably used in several modules, the central module as an anchor point.

The method is usually supplemented by a step in which the first module is firmly connected to the second module. In this case, a mechanical connection, and as a rule a releasable mechanical connection, to be preferred. It has proved to be useful if side panels of the modules have holes through which bolts can be passed. The bolts can then be screwed. This simple and stable form of attachment requires that corresponding holes in adjacent modules can be placed exactly opposite each other. They must therefore be aligned exactly both horizontally and horizontally.

It is useful in the context of the present invention in addition to the use of bolts and the use of bolt bushings, bolt guides, spacers and seals. These elements can therefore also be parts of a kit according to the invention.

This alignment is used to adjust the racks. The alignment is additionally facilitated by one-pointers. As an additional benefit of the method, it follows that in the end a very convenient and secure connection of adjacent modules is possible.

The present invention also relates to a kit for a modular building. This kit should have at least a first module and a first frame. In this case, the first module has a bottom plate and the first frame has a first storage. Furthermore, the first frame should have at least a first area a rolling plate for cooperation with the first storage. However, this first area covers the bottom plate only partially. The rolling plate allows, in cooperation with the storage, the free movement of the first module relative to the first frame in the plane of the rolling plate.

Preferably, the module bottom has at least one recess for receiving the rolling plate. The rolling plate can be accommodated in a lowered position in the module bottom. Through the recess or otherwise, an edge or other mechanical device for limiting a free rolling movement can be provided.

In this way, it is possible to build the module easily, since the rolling plate is provided only in certain areas of the bottom plate. To perform its purpose well, the rolling plate must be made of sufficiently strong, typically hardened material. For example, fine-grained steel is suitable. Such materials are typically particularly heavy. In the remaining areas of the bottom plate of the module, non-rigid materials are required, but these materials need not have particular strength to serve as a bearing. In this way, therefore, a floor construction can be formed that meets all user requirements and at the same time is particularly easy.

Advantageously, the first bearing in the manner described comprises a first roller. This can then interact with the rolling plate. It has also proven to be advantageous to perform the role spring-loaded. The roller is then pressed by spring force against the rolling plate. This ensures constant contact between the rolling plate and the floor.

Advantageous is a frame which has a rectangular support frame. The support frame should be as large or slightly smaller than the corresponding module. The frame can be conveniently carried out with only three supports. Of these three supports should be at least two, but preferably all three, height adjustable. Expediently, a hydraulic height adjustment.

It may also be expedient to provide on the frame recordings for a sole or supportive extene height adjustment. As external Height adjustment is a hand winch in question (for example, a hand winch with rack). Such a hand winch can also be part of a kit according to the invention. Auxiliary rich may also be to provide an alignment indicator on the racks, such as in the form of a dragonfly or spirit level.

The kit for a modular building can be realized particularly cleverly by equipping frames with a rectangular support frame and three supports. On the one shorter side of the frame while two corner supports can be provided and opposite them, arranged between these two corner supports, a central support can be provided.

Fig. 1

ist ein Schnittbild, welches die Verbindung zweier Module zeigt.

Fig. 2

ist ein Schnittbild, welches den Transport eines Moduls aus der Luft zeigt.

Fig. 3

gibt eine Aufsicht und eine Seitenansicht eines Gestells für ein Modul wieder.

Fig. 4

gibt in einer vergrößerten Detailansicht die Lagerung eines Moduls wieder.

Fig. 5

gibt eine schematische Untersicht auf ein Modul und zeigt in Ansicht (A) eine erste Position des Moduls und in Ansicht (B) eine zweite Position des Moduls.

Fig. 6

gibt in vergrößerter Ansicht die Kopplung zweier Module und die Verwendung einer Einweiseführung wieder.

Fig. 7

zeigt eine Ausführungsform für eine Einweiseführung, wobei im Teil (A) eine perspektivische Ansicht und im Teil (B) und im Teil (C) Schnittbilder dargestellt werden.

Fig. 8

zeigt in mehreren Teilansichten zweckmäßige Verbindungsmittel für zwei Module.

Fig. 9

zeigt in einer schematischen Ansicht die Verbindung von fünf Modulen zu einem modularen Gebäude.

Fig. 10

zeigt den Transport eines Moduls in einem Standardcontainer.

Fig. 11

zeigt den Transport eines Moduls auf einem LKW-Anhänger mit modifiziertem Gestell.

Other features, but also advantages of the invention will become apparent from the following drawings and the accompanying description. In the figures and in the accompanying descriptions, features of the invention are described in combination. However, these features may also be included in other combinations of an article of the invention. Each disclosed feature is thus also to be regarded as disclosed in technically meaningful combinations with other features. The illustrations are partly slightly simplified and schematic.

Fig. 1

is a sectional view showing the connection of two modules.

Fig. 2

is a sectional view showing the transport of a module from the air.

Fig. 3

gives a top view and a side view of a rack for a module.

Fig. 4

gives an enlarged view of the storage of a module.

Fig. 5

gives a schematic bottom view of a module and shows in view (A) a first position of the module and in view (B) a second position of the module.

Fig. 6

gives an enlarged view of the coupling of two modules and the use of a guide guide.

Fig. 7

shows an embodiment for a guide guide, wherein in part (A) is a perspective view and in the part (B) and in the part (C) sectional images are shown.

Fig. 8

shows in several partial views appropriate connection means for two modules.

Fig. 9

shows in a schematic view the connection of five modules to a modular building.

Fig. 10

shows the transport of a module in a standard container.

Fig. 11

shows the transport of a module on a truck trailer with a modified frame.

Fig. 1 makes an early step in building a modular building according to the present invention vivid. There are two modules placed, namely a first module 12 and adjacent to this a second module 22. The first module rests on a first frame 14. This frame comprises a first corner support 16a and a corner support 16b. It further comprises a central support 18. The three supports support a first support frame 20, which in turn supports the first module 12.

Also, the second module 22 is supported by a frame, the second frame 24. This also includes two corner posts, namely the first corner post 26a and the second corner post 26b. It also includes the central support 28. These three supports support the second support frame 30, which in turn carries the second module 22.

The height-adjustable supports allow the first support frame to be adjusted horizontally above the floor (not shown). The second module 22 does not abut on the first module 12 in this figure. So the modules could not yet be connected in this position. Accordingly, the modules could not enclose a common usable space. As shown, it is possible to adjust the supports of the second frame 24 so that the second support frame 30 is inclined towards the first module 12. The second module 22 is movably mounted on the second support frame 30. The tilting of the second support frame 30 allows the second module 22 to move toward the first module 12 with the aid of gravity. When the second module 22 is in its set position, the second support frame 30 can also be mounted in a horizontal position above the ground.

Fig. 2 shows in a schematic way how the modules can be delivered from the air. In this case, a module can already be connected to an associated frame. This is shown here for the first module 12, which is already located on the first frame 14. The module is held by straps 32a and 32b. The straps are usually connected to the module. The frame can then be held by a mechanical fastening device on the module. Alternatively, the straps could also be connected to the frame. Above the module, the support straps 32 are kept apart by a transport strut 34. Connecting cables can be attached to this transport strut 36a and 36b are added. These connecting ropes can be connected to a helicopter.

In addition, 14 ropes are provided on the frame, namely the safety ropes 38a and 38b. These safety ropes can be gripped by helpers from the ground and allow the module and frame to be placed very precisely. It is possible in this way to place modules next to each other at a distance of about 10 - 50 cm. Often it is possible to reach a distance of only 20 cm. The storage of the modules on the racks must then only bridge gaps between the modules in the appropriate size. It should be noted, however, that it is precisely when being transported from the air that the racks can not be set up exactly parallel to one another, so that an angular displacement of the longitudinal axis of a module compared to the longitudinal axis of a rack may also be required.

Fig. 3 shows in a side view and in a plan view of an inventive frame for use with the module. This is shown using the example of the first frame 14. The first frame 14 comprises a first support frame 20. This support frame is rectangular, as is typical in the context of the invention. But it can also square or other shaped support frame are used. The shape of the support frame is based essentially on the shape of the bottom of the modules.

The support frame has two longitudinal struts, the longitudinal strut 40a and the longitudinal strut 40b. These longitudinal struts are connected by two transverse struts, the crossbar 42a and the crossbar 42b. On the top of the support frame rollers 44 are provided, which form the storage for the module. On top of the first crossbar 42a, a first roller 44a and a second roller 44b are provided. The rollers are provided at the ends of the crossbar 42a, respectively in the vicinity of Starting points of the longitudinal struts. Opposite two other rollers are provided, the rollers 44c and the rollers 44d. However, these rollers are provided in the region of the middle of the transverse strut 42b. It suffices to provide a total of three rollers, then the third roller will typically lie exactly in the middle of the crossbar.

However, it is advantageous to provide a somewhat spaced pair of rollers to have better and more uniform support. An advantage of providing two rollers, lies in the lower stress of the corresponding part of the bottom plate of the module. The weight on this side of the module is then distributed on two rollers, so that no single particularly heavily loaded pressure point is created. Conveniently, both roles in the central third of a strut, such as a cross member, provided.

The first frame has three supports. On the first transverse strut 42a, which carries a respective roller at their ends, two corner supports are provided in the vicinity of these rollers, namely the corner supports 26a and 26b. Opposite a central support 28 is provided. The central support 28 lies centrally between the two rollers 44c and 44d arranged centrally on the transverse strut 42b.

This arrangement can also be seen in the side view. In addition, in the side view, it becomes clear that the upper sides of the rollers protrude beyond the upper sides of the longitudinal struts 40 and the transverse struts 42.

Fig. 4 shows in an enlarged and slightly schematic view the storage of a module on an associated frame. Shown is the bottom 46 of a module, which is located above the support frame 20 of a frame. The frame has a roller 44. In the region of the module bottom 46, a recess 48 is provided. The recess receives the protruding over the support frame 20 part of the roller 44.

The roller 44 is supported in the region of the module base 46 and more precisely in the region of the recess 48 against a roller plate 50. This roller plate is generally preferably designed so that an easy running of the roller is ensured. A rolling plate made of hardened materials, in particular a roll plate made of fine-grained steel, is expedient.

At the outer edge of the recess 48, an edge 52 is provided. This edge limits the travel of the roller 44. This edge 52 prevents a module from moving beyond a limited range.

Fig. 5 shows a bottom view of a module, it is therefore in particular the module bottom 46 is shown. In the views (A) and (B) in each case the module bottom 46 of a second module is shown in different positions relative to the frame. The frame itself is not shown, but it is represented by its rollers 44. In Fig. (A), the rollers 44 are positioned at the upper edges of the rolling surfaces 50 from this angle. More specifically, the roller 44a is positioned at the upper edge of the rolling surface 50a and the roller 44b is positioned at the upper edge of the rolling surface 50b. On the opposite side, an adjacent pair of rollers consisting of the rollers 44c and 44d is provided. The corresponding pair of rollers is arranged as in Fig. 3 shown. Therefore, the roller 44d is located at the upper edge of the rolling surface 50c, while the roller 44c is located at a middle portion of the rolling surface 50c.

Arrow B indicates the direction of roll of the container. A movement in this rolling direction should lead to a dashed line indicated adjacent module 12. The positions of the balls relative to the rolling surfaces after this movement are shown in Fig. (B).

After the module 22 has been moved in the direction of the arrow on the module 12, the rollers 44 have a different position with respect to the corresponding rolling plates. In the direction of view is now the roller 44a at the lower edge of the roller plate 50a. The roller 44b is located at the lower edge of the rolling surface 50b. The roller 44c is located at the lower edge of the rolling surface 50c and the roller 44d is located at the central portion of the rolling surface 50c. The size of the rolling surfaces thus defines a maximum intended displacement of the container of the module bottom 46 relative to the frame. The maximum displacement is indicated by s. The displacement corresponds to the width of the rolling surface 50a in this direction.

It can be seen from the figure that only a relatively small part of the module base 46 is covered by rolling surfaces. Since the balls 44 preferably move only in the area of the rolling surfaces, the displacement of the module relative to the frame is thereby predetermined. The displacement is therefore limited. However, by settling for a limited displacement, a significant weight saving can be achieved. The usually hardened and mostly made of steel rolling plates increase the weight of the module base significantly. If, on the other hand, rolling plates only have to be provided in a limited area of the module base, this leads to a considerable weight saving. A module can therefore be made much easier than, for example, a standard commercial container. Such a standard container has a uniformly solid floor throughout the floor area.

It is therefore generally contemplated within the scope of the present invention that the roll-covered portion of a module tray constitutes less than 50% or even less than 40%, 30% or 20% of the total area of the module tray.

Fig. 6 shows in an enlarged detail view of an advantageous method aspect when moving two modules towards each other. The enlarged view is essentially the same as in Fig. 1 shown situation. The second module 22 is intended to be viewed from right to left in the direction of view the first module 12 are moved. The first module 12 stands on a horizontally oriented support frame 20 and is supported inter alia by the corner support 16. The second module 22 stands on a support frame 30 inclined to the left, which is supported inter alia by the corner support 26. The inclination of the support frame results from the angle that shows the support frame top with the dashed horizontal lines. The second module 22 is mounted on the support frame 30 by balls 44 (dashed lines). In this schematic view, a ball 44 is reproduced, which, however, is usually not visible from the side.

By precisely adjusting the supports under the second support frame 30 can be achieved that the second module 12 takes over the correct height with respect to the first module. However, the adjustment of the supports has no influence on the alignment of both modules in a plane perpendicular to the image plane. To achieve better alignment in this plane, a guide guide 54 may be used. Such a guide guide can be attached to the first module 12, for example. When the second module 22 is moved toward the first module 12, its lower edge is received in the guide guide 54. The guide guide can provide a precise initiation of the second module 22 to the first module 12 in all planes. At least a precise impact perpendicular to the image plane can be guaranteed.

Fig. 7 shows an expedient design of such a guide guide 54. The guide is initially shown in three-dimensional representation ( Fig. 7a ). The guide has a first attachment cheek 56a and a second attachment cheek 56b. With these mounting brackets, the guide 54 can be attached to a module. The module can be both the moving and the stationary module. It is often convenient to attach the guide guide to the stationary module.

The guide guide 54 further includes an adjustment cheek 58. The moving module can be moved toward this Justierwange 58 and is thereby guided by the cheek in its desired position relative to the stationary module. As shown, it is expedient to provide bores for fastening the guide guide to a module in at least one mounting bracket. The guide can be fastened there, for example, with screws or bolts. Fig. 7b gives a view of the guide guide 54 again and Fig. 7c returns a side view of the guide.

It may also be expedient in the context of the present invention to provide a one-way guide with two Justierwangen. The two Justierwangen can be provided at right angles to each other (for example, each in extension of the mounting brackets shown). Such a guide guide can provide for a two-way adjustment.

Fig. 8 shows an advantageous method for connecting two adjacent modules together. Shown here are also components that can generally be part of a kit according to the invention.

The modules may have a module wall 60. As explained, this can advantageously be composed of many layers. For example, aluminum plates may be provided on both outer sides, and the intermediate layer between the aluminum plates may be filled or foamed with a foam material.

In the module wall 60 an unspecified hole is provided, as shown in view (A). Through the bore a bolt bushing 62 can be performed. This consists essentially of a bore filling the tube and a patch on one side disc. It is expedient if the bolt bushing 62 has an internal thread. In addition, a spacer plate 64 may be provided. Also, this spacer plate can be connected to a short piece of pipe (shown, but unspecified). It is expedient if this pipe piece has an external thread. With appropriate dimensioning, the external thread of the pipe section can then be screwed into the internal thread of the bolt bushing 62. This is shown in view (B).

As shown in view (C), two adjacent module walls 60a and 60b can be equipped in this manner. The bores in both walls then each have spacer plates 64a and 64b and bolt passages 62a and 62b. The orientation of these elements is not critical, but it has proved to be useful if both bolt passages 62 show each other. In the vicinity of these fasteners is expediently make a seal 68 on at least one module wall 60. As shown, this seal should be provided at least one location, but it may also be provided circumferentially around the holes or above and below the holes. Tuned on the inner diameter of the bolt passages 62 and the spacer plates, a bolt 70 can be provided which can be screwed to a nut 72.

The connection of two module walls with a bolt is shown in view (D). From this view it can be seen how convenient it is to provide spacer elements. These spacers ensure that even when tightened nut 72 no harmful large force acts on the seal 68. The combination of the bolt lead-through 62 with the bolt guide 66 prevents a squeezing pressure from acting on the module walls 60. Rather, the force exerted by the bolt 70 between the bolt head and nut 72 force is used to connect the module walls 60a and 60b. Especially when using thin aluminum outer walls and an internal foaming a squeezing pressure is to be avoided.

As can be seen, these fasteners are particularly useful in the context of the present invention. The elements make it possible to make the module walls particularly easy. At the same time it will be appreciated that it is necessary for this type of invention to position the modules at exactly the right height so that the corresponding bores or bolt passages 62 are exactly opposite each other. In this respect, it is also apparent at this point that the various elements of the invention advantageously cooperate.

Fig. 9 shows in a schematic outline sketch the structure of a modular building of five modules. Among these five modules, the first module 12 and the second module 22 may be located. However, since these modules can be located anywhere, in this schematic representation the modules would be numbered M1 - M5 for the sake of simplicity.

The schematic view can be seen first that the support frame of the racks under the modules can form a completely flat surface even on an uneven floor. This area can also be leveled.

From the schematic view it is further clear that the modules can be suitably connected in various ways. For example, it would be possible to first build the central module M3 and connect the other modules thereto. The module M2 would be placed to the left of the module M3. This module could then be moved against M3. To the left of module M2 module M1 is placed. This can then also be shifted in the direction of M2 and thus also on M3. It may be appropriate that the racks below the modules M1 and M2 individually form an inclined plane.

It is possible to first connect the module M2 to the module M3 and then to connect the module M1 to the module M2. It is also possible to connect the modules in a different order. It may be expedient to create a uniform oblique plane below the modules M1 and M2 so that gravity draws the two modules in the direction of the central module M3 so that both modules can be adjusted together more quickly. The same procedure can be used with the modules M4 and M5, which are installed to the right of module M3.

Alternatively, in such an arrangement, it would also be considered to regard M1 as the fixed module. All other modules would then be moved to the left after installation, so on the module M1 out. For this purpose, it would again be possible to provide an inclined plane with the transport frame of the racks. This plane could be sloping from the right (starting from module M5), to the left (towards module M1).

An interesting aspect of the racks is also that they can not only (singly or in combination) form a slightly oblique plane, but also form a completely horizontal plane on sloping ground. So it is possible to compensate when installing five containers side by side a slope of the ground of about 5%, so that even on such a slope, the modular building is completely horizontal.

Fig. 10 schematically shows the transport of a module according to the invention in a standard container 74. The module can be measured so that it is slightly smaller than a standard container. Since the module itself is built very easily, the use of a standard container 74 as a wrapper for safe transport over longer distances is quite advisable. On the module, shown here as the first module 12, during the transport next to the iso-container, the support straps 32a and 32b remain. This has the advantage that the anchoring points of the straps can be matched exactly to the module. For modules containing equipment, the center of gravity typically does not coincide with the geometric center of the module. This can be compensated by specially adapted to the module support means, such as the illustrated risers. In this way, a safe removal of the module from the container 74 by untrained and not further instructed personnel is well possible.

In Fig. 11 is shown a way to transport a module according to the invention and the associated frame also on a truck trailer (and therefore also on a truck or truck semi-trailer). These options are represented in the figure by the transport trailer 76. It is easily possible to provide an extension piece 78 in the support frame 20 of a module. This results in that the extended support frame protrudes beyond the length of the transport hanger 76. This makes it possible to set up the module without the transport trailer 76 is moved under it. For this purpose, a support extension 80 can be mounted below a support, for example below the middle support 18. Thus, it is then possible to support the support frame with respect to the now relatively distant ground with the existing center support. The opposite supports can be used in a modified way. On the support frame top, a flange can be provided, in which the supports are implemented. Then the supports can be supported against the transport trailer. For example, so can the corner posts 16 cause a hydraulic height adjustment relative to the level of the transport trailer 76. Also in this regard, it can be seen that the present invention provides a universally applicable concept.

Overall, it can be seen how a suitable and mass-produced device that can be used universally can be produced inexpensively.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

modular building

12

first module

14

first frame

16

Corner column

18

center support

20

first support frame

22

second module

24

second frame

20

Goods stand

26

Corner column

28

center support

30

second support frame

32

supporting belts

34

transport strut

36

connecting ropes

38

Safeties

40

longitudinal strut

42

crossmember

44

ball roller

46

module base

48

recess

50

roll plate

52

edge

54

Einweiseführung

56

fixing cheek

58

Justierwange

60

module wall

62

Bolt Through

64

spacer plate

66

bolt guide

68

poetry

70

bolt

72

mother

74

Container

76

Transport trailer (semitrailer)

78

Transport frame extension

80

support extension

H

horizontal

B

movement direction

s

displacement distance

Claims (15)

A method of building a modular building (10) on a floor, comprising the steps of: - Setting up a first frame (14) and a first module (12) on the floor, wherein the first frame (14) for receiving the module has a first storage - Setting up a second frame (24) and a second module (22) on the floor, wherein the second frame (24) for receiving the module has a second storage Adjusting the height of at least portions of the second module (22) above the ground by means of the second frame (24) Moving the second module (22) towards the first module (12) by displacing the second module (22) relative to the second frame (24) by means of the second bearing (30), wherein the movement by gravity and / or done by an assistant Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first module (12) or the second module (22) is provided with a guide guide (54), is transmitted by the movement in a direction of movement in an adjustment perpendicular to this direction of movement. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the first storage and / or the second storage comprises a roller (44). Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the module bottom (46) of the first module (12) and / or the second Module (22) comprises a rolling plate (50) which can cooperate with at least one corresponding roller (44). Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which the first frame (14) is connected to the first module (12) prior to placement on the ground. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the installation of the first frame (14) and the first module (12) take place with an aircraft. Method according to one of the preceding claims, wherein the adjustment of the height of at least portions of the second module (22) above the ground by means of the second frame (24) takes place so that the second bearing at least in phases in a plane inclined relative to the horizontal plane located. Method according to one of the preceding claims, in which, in a further step, the first module (12) is mechanically connected to the second module (14). A kit for a modular building (10) having at least a first module (12) and a first frame (14), the first module having at least one bottom plate (46) and wherein the first frame (14) has at least a first bearing, wherein in at least a first, the bottom plate (46) only partially covering area, a rolling plate (50) for cooperation with the first bearing and the rolling plate (50) for cooperation with the storage, the free movement of the first module (12) relative to the first frame (14) in the plane of the rolling plate (50) allowed. A kit for a modular building (10) according to claim 9, wherein the first support comprises a roller (44). A kit for a modular building (10) according to claim 10, wherein the roller (44) is spring loaded. A kit for a modular building (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first frame (14) comprises a rectangular support frame (20). Kit for a modular building (10) according to one of the preceding claims, in which the frame (14) has at least three supports (16, 18), of which at least two are height-adjustable, preferably hydraulically height-adjustable. Kit for a modular building (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the frame (14) has two corner posts (16) and the corner posts opposite and arranged between the corner posts a central support (18). A kit for a modular building (10) according to any one of the preceding claims, wherein the first module (14) has at least one wall (60) and the wall (60) and / or bottom plate (46) are multilayered and a porous layer include.

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