EP3303090B1 - Construction set for a modular building with an underriding adjuster - Google Patents

Description

Field of the Invention

The present invention relates to an underride adjuster for transporting and adjusting modules of a modular building, that is to say a building whose usable space is made available by at least two modules. It can be a building with living rooms, offices or for other uses. In particular, a building can be considered for medical care, for example a hospital ward, an emergency supply unit or a field hospital. The modules should be easy to transport and also suitable for taking off from the air, especially from a helicopter. The present invention also relates to a kit for such a modular building with at least one module and with such an underrun adjuster.

Background of the Invention

The patent application WO 97/49606 relates to a method for the targeted depositing or picking up of goods from aircraft. In the context of this method, it is proposed that the goods can be set down without the aircraft landing and that a pre-tensioned spatial cable truss fixes the load to be released in space. As a rule, the pre-tension in the cable truss should be applied by the aircraft itself. In this way, it should also be possible to transport common containers, which should be carried by a load frame.

It appears that this method is particularly suitable for use with airships ("zeppelins"). In any case, it does not seem easy to use a helicopter to tension the cable truss while the helicopter is putting down a load. However, the process illustrates how complex it is to set down loads from the air with pinpoint accuracy. The patent application discloses a variety of useful considerations, which nevertheless seem to be very specifically optimized for use with airships. In addition, it is necessary to have a complex cable truss on the ground and to connect four cables to the aircraft or to the load.

The German utility model GM 74 14 936 discloses a mechanical change system for parkable superstructures of truck trailers or semi-trailers. The changing system requires two frames, namely a centering frame which is connected to the chassis of the truck or to the chassis of a trailer. The system also requires the use of a floor frame to carry the actual load, typically a container. This floor frame can be supported with the help of articulated lever supports. By using two frames, the system appears relatively difficult. For this reason alone, it appears to be unsuitable for air transportation.

The disclosure DE 30 07 730 A1 discloses a large-capacity container, in particular a standard container according to the ISO standard. A support device is provided on this container, which should be part of the container and which should comprise several (typically four) support legs. With this construction, it is necessary that the container itself has a high stability in order to be able to stand securely between the support legs provided on the outer corners of the container. (Especially since these are even spaced from the corners.) The support legs are designed to adjust the height of the container, but do not allow the container to be adjusted horizontally.

The patent application WO 2012/038077 A1 discloses a container transportation system. Within the framework of this system, a transhipment device for horizontal transshipment in a container transport system in the rail and / or road area is disclosed. The system uses sliding and lifting plates, which can be operated hydraulically, pneumatically or electromechanically. These sliding and lifting plates have to be designed so that they offer sufficient support for the container while they are only held on one side. This solution therefore also requires the use of very bending-resistant materials, which are therefore heavy and not very suitable for air transport. For the rest, the system only provides for a displacement exactly perpendicular to the side wall of the container. A more precise adjustment is not provided and probably not necessary when transporting a container by truck, since a truck can be moved easily and precisely enough to pick up or unload a container at a precisely defined location.

WO 2011/051514 discloses a building system in which various components can be transported on transport trailers. These transport trailers are each designed as semi-trailers. These trailers are to be parked in the desired position on site. Hydraulic supports are used to adjust the height. Transport from the air does not seem to be possible, furthermore no device for the exact alignment of the transport trailers to each other seems to be provided.

WO 2012/126066 discloses another modular building system. Floor slabs are designed so that they can accommodate additional support elements, for example vertical support posts. This is a kit in which a building can be built from the various parts, mainly by hand. Only the individual parts are delivered to the place of use, so that the assembly requires considerable effort.

DE 36 09 740 A1 describes a container vehicle consisting of a trolley with a frame and of support and locking points attached to the frame for receiving transport containers which can be loaded and unloaded by means of a loading device resting on the vehicle frame. The loading device is freely vertically movable relative to the frame between an upper point and a lower point, which is determined by the gap between the frame and the tongue.

NL 2 008 124 C. describes a trailer comprising a chassis with a number of wheels and a superstructure module which is mounted on the chassis.

DE 43 23 325 A1 describes a method for handling cargo units, preferably in combined road-rail transport, with loading technology bound to the road vehicle on the principle of transverse displacement. At the loading location, a bridge frame, preferably the empty, folded containment, is provided on the loading area to be loaded with the loading unit in the course of handling, and the loading unit and the bridge frame to be handled are moved with the help of the road vehicle placed side by side and aligned with each other. Then, using the on-board loading technology, the bridge frame and loading unit are brought to each other in a height position that can be shifted, pushed over the loading area with the lower level and then brought together in a height position that can be shifted to the loading area with the higher level. Then either the bridge frame or the loading unit is fixed at the altitude that has been reached or moved to the loading area with the higher level, and after loosening the fixation either the bridge frame or the loading unit is lowered onto the loading area with the lower level.

DE 10 2014 002 480 A1 describes a method for leveling and connecting at least two walk-in container modules placed in a row on a surface to form a modular building. Rails are laid on opposite sides of the row of container modules and level surfaces of the rails are leveled, so that at least some of the container modules are raised, placed on the leveled surfaces of the rails with support and by rolling rollers with parallel axes of rotation between the opposite sides of the container modules and the leveled surfaces of the rails is approximated to an adjacent container module. The neighboring container modules are interconnected.

These different approaches consequently do not allow a rapidly transportable modular building to be made available in a satisfactory manner for emergency use. In particular, very few of the solutions disclosed allow the modules for such a building to be delivered from the air and then to be assembled quickly and precisely.

• In einem ersten Aspekt soll das modulare Gebäude einerseits leicht und andererseits stabil sein. Seine Leichtigkeit soll die Anlieferung der Module aus der Luft sicherstellen. Stabilität ist aber ebenso anzustreben, denn zur Krankenversorgung ist beispielsweise auch ein OP-Saal vorzusehen und die erforderlichen Geräte sollen stabil aufgestellt werden können.
• Eine weitere Optimierungsaufgabe ergibt sich dadurch, dass das Gebäude auch auf sehr unebenen Böden errichtet werden soll, und zugleich die gesamte Bodenfläche des Gebäudes horizontal und eben sein soll. Beispielsweise soll es leicht möglich sein, Krankenbetten von einem Bereich des Gebäudes in einen anderen zu schieben.
• In einem noch weiteren Aspekt soll das modulare System universell einsetzbar sein. Neben dem Lufttransport soll auch ein Straßentransport möglich sein. Trotz dieser Vielfältigkeit sollen sich bei einer gegebenen Einsatzart und bei einem gegebenen Einsatzzweck daraus keine großen Nachteile ergeben.
• In einem weiteren Aspekt ist eine vernünftige Abwägung zwischen der Einfachheit der Konstruktion und der Einfachheit des Aufstellens auch durch ungeschultes Personal (beispielsweise wenig geschulte Freiwillige vor Ort) und dem Erfordernis einer präzisen Aufstellung zu finden.

The present invention strives to optimize various aspects that are contradictory from a classic engineering point of view:

• In a first aspect, the modular building should be light on the one hand and stable on the other hand. Its lightness should ensure that the modules are delivered from the air. However, stability should also be sought, because for For example, medical care should also include an operating room and the necessary equipment should be stable.
• Another optimization task results from the fact that the building should also be erected on very uneven floors, and at the same time the entire floor area of the building should be horizontal and level. For example, it should be possible to easily move hospital beds from one area of the building to another.
• In yet another aspect, the modular system should be universally applicable. In addition to air transportation, road transportation should also be possible. Despite this diversity, there should not be any major disadvantages for a given type of application and for a given purpose.
• In another aspect, there is a reasonable trade-off between the simplicity of the construction and the simplicity of the installation, even by untrained personnel (for example, less trained volunteers on site) and the need for a precise installation.

An underrun adjuster for transporting and adjusting modules of a modular building according to claim 1 and a kit for such a building according to claim 13 satisfy these claims.

• Bereitstellen eines ersten Moduls an einem Bereitstellort in der Nähe eines Aufstellortes,
• Aufsetzen des ersten Moduls auf einen Unterfahrjustierer am Bereitstellort,
• Verbringen des ersten Moduls mit dem Unterfahrjustierer zum Aufstellort,
• Justieren der Höhe des ersten Moduls über dem Boden am Aufstellort mit Hilfe des Unterfahrjustierers, wobei dieser einen Rollrahmen aufweist,
• Justieren der horizontalen Position des ersten Moduls über dem Boden durch Verschieben eines Rollrahmens relativ zum Unterfahrjustierer,
• Ausfahren von Stützen zur Fixierung der horizontalen und vertikalen Position des ersten Moduls,
• Entfernen des Unterfahrjustierers.

A modular building in the sense of the present invention is one which consists of at least one module, as a rule it consists of a large number of modules. For the purposes of the invention, the method for erecting such a building on a floor should include the following steps:

• Provision of a first module at a provision location in the vicinity of a set-up location,
• Placing the first module on an underride adjuster at the place of deployment,
• Moving the first module to the installation site using the underrun adjuster,
• Adjusting the height of the first module above the floor at the installation site using the underrun adjuster, which has a rolling frame,
• Adjusting the horizontal position of the first module above the floor by moving a rolling frame relative to the underrun adjuster,
• Extension of supports to fix the horizontal and vertical position of the first module,
• Remove the underrun adjuster.

These steps are preferably carried out in the order in which they are listed.

The nature of the soil does not play a major role for the invention, it can be any terrain surface, in principle the soil can also be partially under water, for example in a shallow stream or the like.

The lightweight modular building of the present invention typically includes a variety of modules. Buildings that contain four, eight, twelve or even more modules, in individual cases up to twenty or thirty modules, are often useful. These modules can all be of the same type. It is also possible that the modules are of different types, for example that two different module types are used. Then the modular building is composed of modules of a first type and modules of a second type. It may be expedient to choose the modules of the second type in such a way that they can accommodate the modules of the first type for transport purposes. The modules of the first type must therefore be smaller than the modules of the second type. In general, however, the method according to the invention and the kit according to the invention can be applied to different numbers of the same or different modules.

An early step in the process involves the provision of a first module. This provision can take place in various forms. As a rule, the module must therefore be transported from a storage location to the supply location at which the module is to be provided. In this transport step, modules can be transported individually or together. It can also be considered that all of the modules provided for the construction of the modular building are transported together.

The concept of the modular building is so flexible that suitable modules can be transported by land, for example with semitrailers, or by air, for example with helicopters. Of course, transport by sea is also an option. In this respect, the method according to the invention for erecting a modular building expediently also includes a step of transporting a first module, which precedes the step of providing the first module. This transport can take place from a storage location to the supply location.

In particular, it can also be expedient that the first module is provided by removing it from a transport container at the place of use. The transport container itself can be a module, which can later also become part of the modular building. For this purpose, the transport container can be a second module, which is larger than the first module, as explained above.

In the method, the first module, after it has been provided, is placed on an underride adjuster. The underrun adjuster is a device that can transport the module at least over short distances. (As a rule, transport over long distances is not possible, so the above-mentioned transport vehicles are used.) The underrun adjuster is also able to change the relative position of a module to the adjuster itself, for example, to the axes of the Adjuster. Both a change in the vertical direction and in particular a change in the horizontal direction can be considered. Movement in intermediate directions is also contemplated. All of these movements primarily serve to precisely adjust the position of the module in the modular building to be erected. The underrun adjuster owes its name to this fact. In general, an underrun adjuster is to be understood here as a device which can move a module over short distances on the one hand and which on the other hand allows the relative position of the module to the device to be varied. In the context of the present invention, special underrun adjusters were constructed, the various features and advantages of which are discussed in more detail below.

When changing the relative position of the module, the adjustment, the height of the module floor above the floor (at the installation location) is determined. Depending on the surface, it may be advantageous to set the module higher or lower. Furthermore, the horizontal equipment of the first module can be adjusted during this adjustment. As a rule, each module has a module floor. In particular, it can be ensured that the usable floor area of the first module is brought into the horizontal.

Another, adjacent, e.g. the second module can be adjusted in the same way. When adjusting the adjacent module, the height of the base of the second module is preferably selected such that the usable base area of the second module is at the same height as the first module.

In a further procedural step, after the first module has been placed on the underrun adjuster, it is brought to the installation site with the aid of the underrun adjuster (namely the same underrun adjuster).

At the installation site, the height of the module above the floor is adjusted using the underride adjuster. The module can also be adjusted horizontally. According to the invention, the underrun adjuster has a rolling frame.

The rolling frame of the underride adjuster is connected to the module, but is movable relative to other parts of the underride adjuster, for example a chassis arranged under the rolling frame. The mobility of the rolling frame is essentially provided in the horizontal direction.

By moving the rolling frame relative to the underrun adjuster it is therefore possible in a next step to determine the horizontal position of the module above the floor and / or relative to a neighboring module.

In a further process step in the construction of the modular building, supports can then be used, which serve to fix the horizontal and vertical position of the first module. These supports can also be intrigued into the first module. The use of supports can then, for example, by the outriggers are extended. However, separate supports are also expedient, the module typically being able to have a support receptacle, for example in the form of a square tube with a horizontal or vertical orientation.

In a further step of the method, the underrun adjuster is removed from the module that has just been brought into the desired horizontal and vertical position. The underrun adjuster is then available for additional modules. In this respect, it is possible to carry out the method with one and the same underrun adjuster, but with a number of different modules. The method can therefore initially begin with the provision of a first module and then continue with the provision of a second module after the final removal of the underrun adjuster. The method can then also be applied to a third module, a fourth module, etc.

The underrun adjuster basically allows several structurally very different modules to be transported and adjusted.

As explained, the underrun adjuster has a rolling frame. This rolling frame should be connected to the floor of the module to be set up. It is therefore possible that the module itself has a light floor that is not as stable as would be necessary or desirable during installation. While the module is being transported, it is additionally supported by the rolling frame. The rolling frame can comprise, for example, rolling plates, typically relatively heavy steel rolling plates. Such roller plates can in turn run on rollers which are carried below the roller frame by the underrun adjuster. The combination of rolling surfaces with rollers allows easy adjustment of a module to be set up horizontally. In the sense of the advantages to be aimed at with the invention, it is not only possible with this principle to construct very light modules, but it is also possible to have these modules set up by untrained personnel. The rolling frame generally allows the modules to be moved horizontally with muscle strength. In remote areas where electricity is limited, this can be a significant advantage.

Different forms of storage of the rolling frame on the underrun adjuster are possible. For example, a roller bearing could be considered. However, a bearing is preferably selected which does not only allow one direction of movement in the plane. Bearings which allow free movement in one plane are preferred. Typically this is the level in which the bottom of a module is located. Regardless of the designation rolling frame, the frame can also be stored on at least one sliding plate. It can also be stored on slide rails (i.e. narrow slide plates). Such slide plates or slide rails can be made on plastic. Sliding plates can also be combined with at least one roller for storage.

A variety of considerations within the scope of the present invention make a roller bearing appear particularly advantageous. Ball rollers with a diameter between 40 and 60 mm are typically used.

The storage advantageously comprises a first role in the manner described. This can then interact with a rolling plate of a rolling frame. The roller is then pressed against the roller plate by spring force. This ensures constant contact between the roller plate and roller.

The modules can be of the same type or different types. For a method or a kit according to the present invention, it is advantageous if all modules are externally the same. However, it is also possible that individual modules are different. A fixed building could even be integrated as a module in the modular building.

The modules (which could also be called light containers) can expediently be produced from composite materials, in particular aluminum composite materials. For example, the outer walls can be made of aluminum plates; 2 mm - 4 mm, especially 2 mm thick aluminum plates have been granted. A foam filling can be provided between an aluminum plate as the outer wall and an aluminum plate as the inner wall. Another useful material for walls of a module, GfK is also for composite materials. A module according to the invention can therefore have at least one wall and the wall and / or the base plate can be constructed in multiple layers and comprise a porous layer.

The composite material is slightly stable and heat-insulating. However, as can also be seen, such a composite material is not very pressure-resistant. However, the provision of rolling plates on the rolling frame in corresponding areas of the module floor ensures that even if the storage is provided by balls, the module floor is not damaged. A rolling frame therefore allows a particularly free choice of materials for the remaining parts of the module.

Within the scope of the present invention, modules in the form of standardized containers can expediently also be used, typically one speaks of ISO containers. Although these containers correspond to their outer dimensions according to the ISO standard, they do not have to be standard transport containers as a whole. The internal structure of the container can be more demanding than that of a standard transport container. For example, it can be useful to provide air conditioning units, power connections and the like in the container.

It is particularly expedient to use such ISO containers as transport containers. These can then serve as second modules in the context of the described method or in connection with the described kit. These second modules can accommodate the first modules during transport to the deployment location. After removing the first modules, the second modules can also become part of the modular building.

If these second modules or ISO containers have inwardly projecting devices, such as an air conditioner, it makes sense to provide recesses in the first modules, usually in a wall of the first module. A protruding element, such as an air conditioner, can then protrude into these recesses while the first module is being transported in the second module.

Like the modules, the frames can be of the same type or different types. This means that rolling frames of the same type or different types can also be used.

The process is usually supplemented by a step in which the first module is combined with a further, e.g. second, module is firmly connected. A mechanical connection, as a rule a detachable mechanical connection, is to be preferred. It has proven to be expedient if the side parts of the modules have bores through which bolts can be guided. The bolts can then be screwed on. This simple and stable form of attachment requires that corresponding drill holes can be placed exactly opposite each other in neighboring modules. It may also be expedient to provide fittings on the modules which can accommodate bolts or a nut. Such fittings can also be provided on the edges of the modules, for example on struts. With all of these variants, the horizontal as well as the horizontal must be precisely aligned.

The present invention also relates to a kit for a modular building. This kit is intended to include at least a first module and an underrun adjuster according to one of claims 1 to 12, wherein the underrun adjuster can drive under the first module and the first module can move a certain distance over a floor and further the height of the first module relative to the floor can vary, a roll frame is also provided in the underrun adjuster, which allows the first module to be moved on the underrun adjuster.

The first module and further modules are expediently provided with supports. These can be intrigued and then extendable or extendable supports in the module, for example in the form of so-called drop supports. Supports can also be expedient, which can be connected to the modules and are mounted with suitable fittings, for example on the outer wall or under the floor. Supports are preferably used which do not protrude laterally beyond the bottom surface of the module.

A kit in which the height of the rolling frame is hydraulically adjustable is particularly useful. Hydraulic height adjustment can also be achieved by a first set of hydraulic cylinders and a second set of hydraulic cylinders. The first set of hydraulic cylinders can be used to support and raise an intermediate element of the underrun adjuster, for example the chassis, against the ground at the installation site. For this purpose, it is advisable to provide three hydraulic cylinders. The first set of hydraulic cylinders typically has telescopic cylinders.

In addition, a second set of hydraulic cylinders can be provided, which brings about a hydraulic movement of the rolling frame with respect to another component of the underrun adjuster, for example with respect to the chassis. The second set of hydraulic cylinders only has to have a small stroke, usually only about 20 mm.

A hydraulic height adjustment can expediently be achieved in that balls, which support the rolling frame, are mounted on stamps of hydraulic cylinders of the second set. The hydraulic cylinder can then be used to easily vary the vertical position of the rolling frame (at least between an upper and a lower position), while horizontal displacements by the balls are easily possible.

In the context of the present invention, in addition to the use of bolts, it is also expedient to use bolt bushings, bolt guides, spacers and seals. These elements can therefore also be parts of a kit according to the invention.

The use of bolts and bolt bushings is also particularly expedient for connecting different modules, for example for connecting first and second modules of different types. ISO containers can be provided with corresponding bolt bushings or with fittings on the outer walls of the container, which can serve as bolt receptacles. In relation to the underrun adjuster, it is useful if it has two axes. An underride adjuster can also have more axes, but two axes are usually sufficient and allow for a lightweight construction. It is possible that all or at least two axles of the underrun adjuster can be steered, but it is expedient to use an underrun adjuster with one steerable and one non-steerable axle. A steerable axle can be expediently implemented in the steering cylinder. For example, hydraulic steering cylinders allow a reliable and wide steering lock.

It is also favorable if at least one axis of the underrun adjuster is designed as a pendulum axis. This allows good ground contact on difficult terrain.

It is particularly expedient if the track width on an axle, expediently usually a non-steered axle, is variable according to the invention. It is thus possible to transport the underrun adjuster with a narrow track width. When transferring a module from the deployment location to the installation location, the track width can be increased (i.e. at least one wheel moved outwards). In this way, the loaded underrun adjuster can be moved more stably and more securely. If the underrun adjuster is to extend under the module to leave it supported at its installation location, the track width can be reduced again. This makes it easier to extend the underrun adjuster between the supports of the module that has just been set up. It is useful if the track width is changed while the underrun adjuster is supported against the ground at the installation location by hydraulic cylinders. Then the axles and wheels are relieved, which makes it easier to change the track width.

It has proven to be expedient in the context of the present invention if the underrun adjuster is equipped with one, but better, with at least two diesel engines. These diesel engines can perform a variety of functions, particularly in remote locations.

When operating the underrun adjuster, it is initially provided that the diesel engines are coupled to a unit, usually a hydraulic variable pump, which drives the vehicle. It can therefore be a hydrostatic drive. Alternatively, the wheels could also be driven by electric motors. This form of drive makes it possible to provide a vehicle driven on all wheels and it also allows individual wheels to be blocked or driven individually in the manner of a differential. This type of drive is also well suited for operating the underrun adjuster via remote control.

Furthermore, the diesel engines can also be coupled to a unit that ensures the operation of the hydraulic cylinders. As a rule, this is a gear pump. It is usually sufficient if only one diesel engine is coupled to such a gear pump.

After installation, the diesel engines can perform a useful function as electricity generators. This saves the transportation of additional generators to a remote area.

Fig. 1

ist eine perspektivische Ansicht eines erfindungsgemäßen modularen Gebäudes.

Fig. 2

zeigt in schematischer Ansicht den Aufbau eines Moduls in erfindungsgemäßer Weise.

Fig. 3

zeigt die Verbindung zweier benachbarter Module in schematischer Aufsicht.

Fig. 4

zeigt die Lagerung des Rollrahmens.

Fig. 5

zeigt Verbindungsmittel für benachbarte Module.

Fig. 6

zeigt schematisch den Aufbau einer Vielzahl von Modulen auf unebenem Gelände.

Fig. 7

zeigt den Transport eines Unterfahrjustierers in einen Container.

Fig. 8

zeigt die Entnahme eines ersten Moduls aus einem zweiten Modul.

Fig. 9

zeigt in dreidimensionaler Ansicht einen erfindungsgemäßen Unterfahrjustierer.

Fig. 10

zeigt eine gelenkte Achse eines solchen Unterfahrjustierers.

Further features, but also advantages of the invention, result from the drawings and the associated description listed below. In the figures and in the associated descriptions, features of the invention are described in combination. However, these features can also be included in other combinations of an object according to the invention, within the scope of the invention, defined by the appended claims. Each feature disclosed is therefore also to be regarded as being disclosed in technically meaningful combinations with other features. The illustrations are sometimes slightly simplified and schematic.

Fig. 1

is a perspective view of a modular building according to the invention.

Fig. 2

shows a schematic view of the structure of a module in the manner according to the invention.

Fig. 3

shows the connection of two neighboring modules in a schematic supervision.

Fig. 4

shows the storage of the rolling frame.

Fig. 5

shows connection means for neighboring modules.

Fig. 6

shows schematically the structure of a variety of modules on uneven terrain.

Fig. 7

shows the transport of an underrun adjuster into a container.

Fig. 8

shows the removal of a first module from a second module.

Fig. 9

shows a three-dimensional view of an underride adjuster according to the invention.

Fig. 10

shows a steered axle of such an underrun adjuster.

Fig. 1 shows a perspective view of a modular building 10, which consists of a plurality of individual modules. Overall, building 10 represents a typical medical station. It consists, among other things, of a first module 12 and an adjacent second module 14, which is of the same type and size as the first module 12. In addition to these modules, a large number of further modules are arranged, including the third module 16 and the adjacent fourth module 18. Modules 16 and 18 are larger than modules 12 and 14 so that they could accommodate the smaller modules during transportation.

Fig. 2 shows a perspective view of a step in building modules. A first module 12 is placed next to a second module 14. For this purpose, the first module 12 is placed on the underrun adjuster 20. It therefore does not have to support itself against the ground. The second module 14, on the other hand, has already been brought into its end position and is supported with the supports 22a and 22b against the ground. The individual modules can perform coordinated functions and have various functional elements. For example, openings can be provided between modules, so that only selected modules must have a door 24.

Fig. 3 shows in a schematic view from above with situation during construction, that of the situation Fig. 2 essentially corresponds. The first module 12 is shifted towards the second module 14. The second module 14 is drawn standing on supports 22a, 22b, 22c, 22d. (These supports can also be positioned completely in the corners, for example if they are intended as drop supports on the module frame So it has a fixed position in relation to the ground. The first module 12 is still on the underrun adjuster 20. This underrun adjuster 20 has a non-visible rolling frame 30 which is supported by rollers 26. The rolling frame 30 has a plurality of rolling plates 28, which are supported against the rollers 26 and offer a smooth rolling surface. It is therefore possible to move the first module 12 towards the second module 14 with little force and without movement of the underrun adjuster 20 relative to the ground in direction B. The modules can be brought into an exact end position and can be easily connected with suitable connecting means.

Fig. 4 shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a suitable construction of a rolling frame 30. This rolling frame 30 has individual rolling plates 28. The rolling plates 28 run on balls 26. The balls 26 are in turn supported by the chassis element 32 of the rolling frame 30. The run of the balls 26 relative to the roller plates 28 is limited by edges 34. Such edges 34 or similar mechanical roll limiters prevent the rolling frame 30 from slipping off the underride adjuster 20.

Fig. 5 shows expedient connection means for two neighboring modules. The module walls 36 each have bolt bushings 38. View A shows a section of a module wall 36 which can belong to a first module 12. View B shows a section of a module wall 36 which can belong to a second module 14. The distance between the module walls 36 can be regulated by means of spacer plates 40. (Instead of the spacer plates, an advantageous outer contour of the module walls can also be used. In individual cases, the use of inflatable seals is also possible, also for connecting modules to other elements, for example connecting passages.) These are placed on bolt bushings 42. As shown in views C and D, seals 44 can be provided between the module walls 36, the contact pressure of which can expediently be predetermined by the spacer plates 40. A bolt 46 together with its nut 48 ensures the connection of the correspondingly prepared module walls 36. The following steps of the construction are illustrated in views C and D, view D showing the finished connection shows two adjacent module walls 36 by a bolt 46 and its nut 48.

Fig. 6 shows in a schematic view that the modular building 10 can also be constructed well on uneven terrain with the aid of the present method. According to the method, individual modules, shown here as a series of modules 12A, 12B, 12C, 12D and 12E, can easily be assembled side by side. Since the modules are built one after the other and an exact adjustment with the underrun adjuster 20 is possible, a uniform floor level can be generated. This is particularly useful if there are doors or passageways between the modules. Depending on requirements, the supports of the modules can precisely determine the appropriate height of the module part above the base piece on which the support is supported. The supports can also be placed all the way around the edges of the modules. Adjacent modules that are connected to neighboring modules can also be supported by just two supports.

Fig. 7 shows that the underride adjuster 20 according to the invention is constructed in such a way that it can also be conveniently brought to the supply location in a container 50 or module. The container 50 has a standard width and is equipped with ordinary doors 50a and 50b. In particular, because the underrun adjuster 20 has a relatively narrow track, it can be easily transported in such a container 50.

Fig. 8 shows how modules can not only be used to transport the underrun adjuster 20, but how a module of the first, smaller type can be transported into a module with larger dimensions. The module with larger dimensions is shown here as container 50. As already explained, such a container 50, usually an ISO container, can later also be used as a module in the modular building 10. However, the container 50 can accommodate a first module 12 for transport purposes. This can be pushed completely into the container 50 along an insertion and extension direction. By means of a container support 54, the container 50 can be brought to a height from which the transfer to the underrun adjuster 20 is easily possible. (The container support 54 can be a conventional clip-on Act container support, it is advantageous to use a hydraulically driven container support. (This allows the container to be lifted slightly, since the modular building should be able to be constructed in such a way that no cranes are required.) A very useful concept within the scope of the invention is for such hydraulically driven container supports to also be used with the help of the hydraulic devices of the underrun adjuster can be operated. For this purpose, the container supports can be supplied with hydraulic oil from the hydraulic unit of the underrun adjuster via plug-in hose connections.

The underrun adjuster 20 can also accommodate modules from any practically relevant height. Appropriate height settings, typically of the rolling frame 30, allow the first module 12 to be transferred to the underrun adjuster 20 without overcoming a height difference. When transporting a first module 12 into a container 50, it is interesting that wall openings 56 of the module can be provided in such a way that they can accommodate components of the container 50 that protrude inwards. The container 50 has, for example, an inwardly projecting climate element 58. (The modules for the modular building according to this invention can have wall openings which are closed with partitions during transport. Closing such wall openings with partitions until they are connected to neighboring modules ensures that no dirt can penetrate into the modules In individual cases, they can also be used skillfully within the module, for example as a table element.)

In the context of the present invention, a method for erecting a modular building can also include the step of removing a first module from a second module. It is particularly possible that the first module is provided with auxiliary unloading devices as part of this method step. Such unloading devices comprise two heavy-duty balls which can be inserted at one end of the module in order to support it against the ground and to make it easier to push. Such devices can also comprise a frame with two balls, which are mounted such that they can be tilted via a pendulum axis.

Fig. 9 shows a perspective view of the essential elements of an expedient underrun adjuster 20. This has a rolling frame 30 which can support modules. This rolling frame 30 rests on the chassis frame 60. The chassis frame 60 is supported by the front axle 62 and by the rear axle 64. The underrun adjuster 20 has four wheels, including the clearly visible wheels 66a and 66b. (Behind wheel 66b, a telescopic support can be seen, which can support the chassis 62 against the ground as a hydraulic support of the first set of supports.)

The underride adjuster 20 has stiffening struts to increase its stability, namely the stiffening strut 68a and the stiffening strut 68b. These are approximately V-shaped. This course means that one unit can be accommodated above the stiffening strut 68, but below the chassis frame 60. The diesel engine (70b) is placed over the stiffening strut 68b. The underrun adjuster 20 is also equipped with a second diesel engine (70a).

Fig. 10 shows a perspective view of a steerable axle, as it can serve as a front axle 62 for an underrun adjuster 20. This axis has a first wheel 66a and a second wheel 66c. As can be seen on the wheel 66c, the axle can be steered. For this purpose, based on the wheel 66c, the steering cylinder 72 is used. A connecting bolt 74 is shown schematically, with which the axle can be attached to the chassis. So it is a pendulum axis.

Overall, one can see how a functional and light modular building can be produced despite the opposite optimization tasks described.

LIST OF REFERENCE NUMBERS

10

modular building

12

first module

14

second module

16

third module

18

fourth module

20

Unterfahrjustierer

22

support

24

door

26

role

28

roll plate

30

roll frame

32

chassis element

34

Edge (roll limiter)

36

module wall

38

Bolt Through

40

spacer plate

42

bolt guide

44

poetry

46

bolt

48

mother

50

Container

52

door

54

Support (container)

56

wall opening

58

air conditioning

60

chassis frame

62

Front

64

rear axle

66

wheel

68

Versteifungsstrebe

70

engine

72

steering cylinder

74

connecting bolts

H

horizontal

B

movement direction

s

displacement distance

Claims (15)

1. Underriding adjuster (20) for transporting and adjusting modules (12, 14, 16, 18) of a modular building (10), comprising a chassis element (32) that has at least one axle (62, 64) with a pair of wheels (66), the underriding adjuster (20) being designed to be moved on a floor by means of the wheels (66), characterized by a roll frame (30) which is designed to receive a module (12, 14, 16, 18), the roll frame (30) being further designed to be varied in its position with regard to its height relative to the chassis element (32) and with regard to its horizontal position, such that the position of the received module (12, 14, 16, 18) can be changed with regard to its height and with regard to its horizontal position above the ground, the tread of the axle (62, 64) of the underriding adjuster (20) being variably designed to have a wider tread of the axle (62, 64) in order to move the received module (12, 14, 16, 18) and being designed to have a smaller tread of the axle (62, 64), such that the underriding adjuster (20) beneath an installed module (12, 14, 16, 18) can be removed between the supports of said module.
2. Underriding adjuster (20) according to claim 1, characterized in that the roll frame (20) is mounted on at least one roll bearing and/or at least one roller bearing and/or at least one sliding plate.
3. Underriding adjuster (20) according to either claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that the roll frame (30) comprises rolling plates (28) which run on rollers (26), the rollers (26) being supported by the chassis element (32) below the roll frame (30), the rollers (26) preferably being formed as ball rollers (26).
4. Underriding adjuster (20) according to claim 3, characterized in that at least one first roller (26) is pressed against the rolling plate (28) by spring force.
5. Underriding adjuster (20) according to either claim 3 or claim 4, characterized in that the underside of the rolling plate (30) has edges (34) which limit the run of the ball rollers (26).
6. Underriding adjuster (20) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the roll frame (30) is hydraulically height-adjustable.
7. Underriding adjuster (20) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that a first set of hydraulic cylinders and a second set of hydraulic cylinders are provided, the first set of hydraulic cylinders being provided to support and lift the chassis element (32) with respect to the ground and the second set of hydraulic cylinders being provided to cause hydraulic movement of the roll frame (30) with respect to the chassis element (32).
8. Underriding adjuster (20) according to claim 7, characterized in that the first set of hydraulic cylinders comprises three hydraulic cylinders.
9. Underriding adjuster (20) according to either claim 7 or claim 8, characterized in that the first set of hydraulic cylinders comprises at least one telescopic cylinder.
10. Underriding adjuster (20) according to any of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that the hydraulic height-adjustment system comprises balls (26) which support the roll frame (30), the balls (26) being mounted on rams, and it being possible to vertically vary the rams by means of hydraulic cylinders of the second set of hydraulic cylinders.
11. Underriding adjuster (20) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that the underriding adjuster (20) has two axles (62, 64), each axle (62, 64) having a pair of wheels (66), one axle (62) being steerable and one axle (64) being non-steerable.
12. Underriding adjuster (20) according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that at least one axle (62, 64) is designed as a pendulum axle (62, 64).
13. Kit for a modular building (10), comprising at least one first module (12) and an underriding adjuster (20) according to any of the preceding claims, the underriding adjuster (20) being able to travel beneath the first module (12) and the first module (12) being able to move a certain distance over a floor and furthermore the height of the first module (12) being variable with respect to the ground, a roll frame (30) being further provided in the underriding adjuster (20), which roll frame permits displacement of the first module (12) on the underriding adjuster (20).
14. Kit according to claim 13, characterized in that the first module (12) comprises drop supports, the underriding adjuster (20) being designed to have a tread of at least one axle (62, 64) such that the underriding adjuster (20) can be removed between the extended drop supports of the installed first module (12).
15. Kit according to either claim 13 or claim 14, characterized by a second module (50), the first module (12) being designed to be received in the second module (50).

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