EP2872709B1 - Structures de toit incliné et leurs procédés d'assemblage et de construction - Google Patents

Structures de toit incliné et leurs procédés d'assemblage et de construction Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2872709B1
EP2872709B1 EP13747481.3A EP13747481A EP2872709B1 EP 2872709 B1 EP2872709 B1 EP 2872709B1 EP 13747481 A EP13747481 A EP 13747481A EP 2872709 B1 EP2872709 B1 EP 2872709B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
roof
roof unit
pitched roof
unit module
tiled
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP13747481.3A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2872709A1 (fr
Inventor
Timothy Michael BENSON
Phillip Mark KING
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Modugroup Ltd
Original Assignee
Modugroup Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from GB201212280A external-priority patent/GB201212280D0/en
Priority claimed from GB201212279A external-priority patent/GB201212279D0/en
Application filed by Modugroup Ltd filed Critical Modugroup Ltd
Publication of EP2872709A1 publication Critical patent/EP2872709A1/fr
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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/02—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs
    • E04B7/022—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs consisting of a plurality of parallel similar trusses or portal frames
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/02—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs
    • E04B7/026—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs consisting of prefabricated modules, e.g. box-like or cell-like units
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/02—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs
    • E04B7/028—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs consisting of structures of pyramidal or conical shape
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04G—SCAFFOLDING; FORMS; SHUTTERING; BUILDING IMPLEMENTS OR AIDS, OR THEIR USE; HANDLING BUILDING MATERIALS ON THE SITE; REPAIRING, BREAKING-UP OR OTHER WORK ON EXISTING BUILDINGS
    • E04G21/00—Preparing, conveying, or working-up building materials or building elements in situ; Other devices or measures for constructional work
    • E04G21/14—Conveying or assembling building elements
    • E04G21/142—Means in or on the elements for connecting same to handling apparatus
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B7/00—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation
    • E04B7/02—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs
    • E04B7/022—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs consisting of a plurality of parallel similar trusses or portal frames
    • E04B7/024—Roofs; Roof construction with regard to insulation with plane sloping surfaces, e.g. saddle roofs consisting of a plurality of parallel similar trusses or portal frames the trusses or frames supporting load-bearing purlins, e.g. braced purlins

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to pitched roof structures and modular pitched roof units for use in loft construction or conversion, to their methods of assembly and construction, to methods of installing such modular pitched roof units as described and claimed in the specification of UK Patent Application No. GB 212279.2 filed 10 July 2012 , to an apparatus for use in the assembly of a modular pitched roof unit to be used in the assembly/construction of a modular roof unit for pitched roof construction, loft construction or conversion, to a roof unit module incorporating such an apparatus, and in particular to the apparatus comprising a demountable support beam apparatus table as described and claimed in the specification of UK Patent Application No. GB 212280.0 filed 10 July 2012 and from both of which applications this application claims priority.
  • Such methods have utility in converting the roof space of an existing pitched roof structure or in the reroofing or initial construction of a building, in which the modular pitched roof is assembled/constructed from a single modular pitched roof unit or a plurality of modular pitched roof units. More particularly, but not exclusively, the present invention concerns methods of assembly of modular tiled pitched roof units on the tops of the walls of a building and tiled pitched roof structures formed from a plurality of such modular units.
  • pitched roof structures have a support frame, usually of timber, and a roof covering, for example of tiles of clay or concrete or of sheets of metal such as flat formed or corrugated steel.
  • the timber support frame is typically made from a plurality of truss units which are assembled onto the tops of the walls of a building on-site by fixing them to horizontally extending beams fixed to the walls.
  • Each truss unit includes two inclined roof rafters fixed at their lower ends to a floor/ceiling joist, as by nail plates, and joined together at their upper ends as by nail plates at what will ultimately be the ridge of roof.
  • the roof rafters of the assembled truss units extend upwardly at an angle in spaced-apart side-by-side relationship from the respective beams, where they overhang to form the roof eaves to the ridge.
  • the truss units overhang the walls to form the eaves of the roof where a fascia board is fixed to the lower ends of the truss units under the eaves. Guttering is fixed to the fascia board to receive run-off rain water and snow melt from the pitched roof covering.
  • the truss units may be fabricated off-site and transported to the building site where they are assembled on-site to form the pitched roof structure.
  • an underlay such as a water/moisture resistant breather membrane or roofing felt is fixed to upper surfaces of the roof rafters to cover the rafters from the eaves to the ridge and tiling battens are fixed, as by nails, through the breather membrane to the roof rafters.
  • floor/ceiling insulation is disposed between the floor/ceiling joists as well as between the roof rafters.
  • Roof tiles whether plain or contoured, are laid on, and nailed to, the tiling battens from the eaves to the ridge in head-to-tail and side-by-side overlapping relationship. If the roof tiles are provided with hanging nibs, these are hooked over the battens during laying. Roof tiling is completed by laying ridge tiles along the ridge where they overlap along their longitudinal edges with the upper course of roof tiles.
  • the present invention resides in a method of assembling, on the walls of a building, a tiled pitched roof unit module having a ridge and two ends that face in opposite directions, which includes lifting the tiled pitched roof unit module from said oppositely facing ends by attaching three lifting means to the tiled pitched roof unit module for a three-point lift, and positioning the tiled pitched roof unit module on the tops of the building walls, wherein one of the oppositely facing ends of the tiled pitched roof unit module is a gable end, and wherein the method includes accessing a lifting point at the gable end through an access opening in the ridge.
  • Lifting the tiled pitched roof unit module at its ends avoids the need to patch any incomplete sections of underlay and tiling provided by assembling the pitched roof unit structure on the sides of the tiled pitched roof unit module structure. This in turn avoids unnecessary sections of weakness of patched-up underlay in the tiled pitched roof structure once the tiled pitched roof unit module has been assembled.
  • Lifting the roof by means of a three-point lift provides a particularly stable and balanced lift.
  • the tiled pitched roof unit module has ridge tiles and the access opening is created by means of a space normally occupied by the gable end ridge tile.
  • the tiled pitched roof unit module has ridge tiles and the access opening is created by removing the gable end ridge tile
  • This provides access to a lifting point inside the gable end of the tiled pitched roof unit module, thereby enabling a tiled pitched roof unit module having a gable-end to be lifted at both its ends.
  • At least one of the two oppositely facing ends of the tiled pitched roof unit module may be provided with two spaced apart rafters providing access to a lifting point through the space between the rafters.
  • the tiled pitched roof structure may optionally form one of a plurality of tiled pitched roof modules for positioning one after the other in end-to-end relationship on the tops of the building walls. This enables multiple tiled pitched roof unit modules to be manufactured off-site in a factory or other centralised location for delivery to a building site for assembly onto the tops of the walls of a building. A particularly long or large roof could be conveniently assembled in this way from multiple such pitched roof unit modules.
  • the inventive concept embraces a method of assembling a tiled pitched roof structure on the walls of a building, the roof structure having a support framework, to support a roof covering, comprising a plurality of truss units, each truss unit incorporating a floor/ceiling joist and roof rafters fixed to the joists, divided by at least one division extending laterally across the support framework between sets of the plurality of truss units, thereby to split the support framework into a plurality of tiled pitched roof unit modules.
  • the method includes assembling at least one of the tiled pitched roof unit modules on the walls of the building according to the method described above.
  • adjacent split modules are positioned in spaced apart end-to-end relationship by means of a least one spacer to enable the accommodation of lifting means to enable the transfer of the plurality of tiled pitched roof unit modules to the building wall tops on-site.
  • the tiled pitched roof unit modules may be positioned and located in aligned spaced apart end-to-end relationship by means of two spacers having complementary inter-engaging parts. This creates a convenient means of accurately aligning and locating the roof unit modules when positioning a second module next to a previously laid first module on the building wall tops on the building site.
  • These complementary inter-engaging parts of the two spacers may be male and female formations, such as a pin engaging in a hole, and may enable the adjacent tiled pitched roof unit modules to be horizontally anchored and/or vertically aligned in a located position.
  • the roof support framework may be strengthened.
  • the roof rafters of adjacent modules along the divisions may be provided with respective battens which extend along the rafters from the eaves to the roof ridge.
  • elongate packing elements are fixed to, and extend along, the roof rafters of the at least one division and beneath the respective counter battens from the roof eaves to the roof ridge and the method comprises locating and aligning adjacent split tiled pitched roof unit modules with respect to each other by means of inter-engaging male and female elements of the adjacent elongate packing elements.
  • the tiled pitched roof unit module has a water resistant breather membrane fixed to roof rafters of the support framework, tiling battens are fixed through the breather membrane to roof rafters of the support framework and tiles are fixed to the tiling battens and the roof tiles, tiling battens and breather membrane do not extend laterally across the at least one division forming an eaves to ridge gap therebetween.
  • the method includes sealing of the eaves to ridge gap between the tiling battens and breather membrane of adjacent split tiled pitched roof unit modules.
  • the roof of the assembled tiled pitched roof structure may be completed by laying, at one or both of the said two oppositely facing ends, tiles from the eaves to the ridge. If there is a plurality of tiled pitched roof unit modules, the roof of the tiled pitched roof structure assembled from the tiled pitched roof unit modules with a gap between the ends of the modules may be completed by sealing an underlay, fitting tiles between the spaced apart roof modules in the gap, and interconnecting gutter portions of the roof modules. These completion activities involve minimal work on site so that the majority of the construction of the roof structure may be done off-site in a controlled factory-type environment, free from the complications of adverse weather conditions and other factors, such as health and safety risks.
  • the Applicant has found in practice that provision of affixed roof tiles and, optionally, the provision of strengthening the roof rafters adequately secures the plurality of truss units in the roof support framework and guards against relative movement of the truss units during transport, and lifting transfer, the plurality of truss units may be additionally secured to guard against relative movement by providing and installing releasable securing means which will provide additional support to the tiled pitched roof module whilst being transported to the building site and being transferred and to, lifted onto, and installed on, the building wall tops.
  • This releasable securing means advantageously includes a demountable support and lifting beam apparatus.
  • the method may include providing and installing releasable securing means to secure the plurality of trusses in the support framework additionally to that provided by the tiles during transport of the or each tiled pitched roof module to, and installation on the building wall tops at, the building site.
  • the or each of the releasable securing means locates and retains the plurality of truss units with respect to itself.
  • Providing the roof covering of tiles which are fixed to the roof rafters of the roof support framework includes providing and fixing a water resistant membrane and battens or lathes for tiling to the roof rafters of the roof support framework and may further include creating an opening through the rafters of the roof unit module and installing a window unit in the opening.
  • Dressing the roof unit by constructing the interior of the roof unit module or modules may include carrying out any one or more of fitting interior walls, installing wiring, one or more of creation of fitted furniture, such as shelves and/or wardrobes, creation of a stairwell opening, installation of pipes and in the case of a loft conversion connecting power or any other utilities from an existing lower building story to the installed roof unit module or roof unit modules forming the upper story of the building.
  • the or each roof unit module may be constructed only to the upper storey of the building.
  • the tiled pitched roof unit module or plurality of tiled pitched roof unit modules forms the upper story of the building.
  • the building has an existing roof structure removed to expose the upper storey.
  • the method may include transferring each of the plurality of roof unit modules in turn, or succession, to and fixing it to the upper storey of the building until the plurality of the roof unit modules to form the pitched modular roof structure.
  • a dwelling is constructed to an upper storey and a plurality of roof unit modules are assembled in any of the ways provided hereinabove and transferred to and fixed to the dwelling to form the upper story.
  • the method may include releasing the releasable securing means and removing the realisable storing means from the or each roof unit module or alternatively be left in position.
  • the or each of the releasable securing means includes a demountable support and lifting beam apparatus.
  • a pitched roof unit module 1 in which a plurality of truss units 2, each incorporating a floor/ceiling joist 4 and inclined roof rafters 6 fixed to the joists 4 at their lower ends and joined together at their upper ends at what will ultimately be the ridge of the pitched roof.
  • the truss units 2 together form a roof support framework (skeleton) 3 for a suitable roof covering (not shown) and define a roof space 7, also known as a loft or attic space.
  • a cross member 8 spans the upper region of the internal roof space 7 between the two inclined roof rafters 6 of each truss unit 2.
  • Substantially vertical upright members 10 also join each of the roof rafters to the associated floor/ceiling joist 4.
  • the floor/ceiling joist 4, roof rafters 6, connection member 8 and uprights 10 may be joined (fixed) together in any suitable manner to form each truss unit 2 of the support framework 3.
  • the inclined roof rafters 2 and cross member 8 are disposed as before, but the roof rafters are connected to the floor/ceiling joists 4 by additional inclined members located between the base of the vertical members 10 and the inclined roof rafters.
  • the precise construction of the truss units 2 is not a feature of the invention, though it will be appreciated that the truss units define the internal space within the modular roof unit.
  • the truss units 2 are mounted on a suitable support and arranged in a desired configuration to form the support framework 3 of a pitched modular roof unit. Moreover, the truss units 2 may be arranged in any suitable pattern, for example incorporating one or more portions in which a single truss unit 2 is spaced from neighbouring truss units 2, and/or one or more portions where two or more truss units 2 are located adjacent one another, the outer truss units 2 of such a portion being spaced from neighbouring truss units 2.
  • the truss units 2 are connected laterally to the roof rafters 6 by cross-members 12 running substantially perpendicular to the truss units 2.
  • battons 14 extend laterally of the truss units 2 along the roof rafters outside the roof space 7, to locate the truss units 2 with respect to one another. Further, a transverse beam 16 ( Figure 3 ) connecting the cross members 8 of the truss units 2 inside the roof space 7 may be provided.
  • Such actions may include initial preparations, which by way of example are laying of netting or other retaining material over and between adjacent floor/ceiling joists 4 to receive a suitable insulating material 20. This can then be covered by suitable flooring/ceiling material 22 such as boarding extending across the floor/ceiling joists 4 of the support framework 3.
  • FIG. 1 to 3 An example of a suitable releasable securing means is shown in Figures 1 to 3 , in which demountable support beams 30 are be secured in position at each of the sides of the truss units 2.
  • the support beam 30 is located on the floor/ceiling joists 4 of the truss units 2 and against the roof rafters 6 of the truss units 2. This keeps the support beam 30 out of a working area of the pitched modular roof unit 1.
  • Other locations meeting this requirement may also be used, such as atop the floor joists 4 and adjacent outer faces of the vertical members 10 or between these locations (cf Figures 5 and 6 ).
  • the support beams 30 extend across a single pitched roof unit module of the pitched modular roof unit and are used to prevent/guard against relative movement of the truss units 2 during transfer of the pitched modular roof unit to a transport vehicle at the off-site assembly location, transport to the building site and subsequent transfer to the tops of the walls of the building on the building site for assembly on the building walls.
  • the releasable securing means has as an advantage that it prevents/guards against the relative movement of the truss units 2 and enables the pitched roof unit modules to withstand the stresses of transport and transfer.
  • the support beam 30 is provided with a plurality of bracing elements to locate and retain each truss unit 2 in relation to the support beam 30.
  • the bracing elements comprise a set of plate members including a lower set of plates 32 arranged laterally of a truss unit floor/ceiling joist 4 extending to each side thereof and an upper set of plates 34 located transversely of the demountable support beam 30.
  • the lower plate 32 is provided with four openings 33 through which the shaft 36 of a headed bolt is adapted to extend.
  • Each opening 33 is such that the head (not shown) of the bolt is retained on one side of the lower plate 32.
  • the platform is of sufficient height to enable each of the bolts to be inserted through a respective opening in the lower plates 32 when the lower plates 32 are located substantially beneath the relevant floor/ceiling joist 4.
  • each of the lower set of plates comprises a pair of plates 32' that locates transversely beneath the relevant floor/ceiling joist 4.
  • Each of the lower plates 32' is provided with an opening 35' through which the shaft 36' of a headed bolt is adapted to extend.
  • Each opening 35' is such that the head of the bolt is retained on one side of the lower plate 32'.
  • Each of the upper set of plates 34' comprises a pair of plates extending laterally of the relevant floor/ceiling joist 4 and transversely across the support beam 30.
  • a nut 40' can then be threaded onto each shaft 36' thereby drawing the lower plates 32' upward toward the upper plates 34' to secure the set of plate members together and locate the truss units 2 with respect to the support beam 30.
  • the bracing members serve to clamp the support beam 30 to the floor joists 4 to prevent/guard against movement of the truss units 2 during transport and transfer of the pitched roof unit module.
  • the upper plates 34' are of a suitable size such that a respective inner face of each of the upper plates 34' abuts a face of the roof rafter 6 of the adjacent truss unit 2.
  • the nuts 40' are tightened securely on the headed bolts the demountable support beam 30 is clamped to the floor joist 4 of the truss uni 2.
  • the openings 33, 35 in the upper and lower plates may comprise an unshown slot to allow for adjustment of the upper and lower plates when securing the support beam 30 in position with respect to the truss units 2.
  • the support beam 30 is conveniently adjustable in length.
  • a support beam 30 will comprise at least three parts; an inner portion 50 about which a first and second sleeve members 52, 54 are adjustably located (cf Figures 5 and 6 ).
  • a retaining bolt extends though the first sleeve member 52 to retain it in relation to the inner portion 50 of the support beam 30, for example passing through suitable aligned openings in the inner portion 50 and associated sleeve member 52, 54.
  • Each of the inner portion 50 and first and second sleeve members 52, 54 may conveniently be formed from an O-bar.
  • Each of the inner portion 50 and first and second sleeve members 52, 54 may conveniently be formed of a suitable casting, for example of a steel.
  • the bracing members comprise a set of plates made up of a lower L shaped plate 42 extending transversely of the support beam 30 and an upper plate 34.
  • An outer face of the depending member of the L shaped plate 42 abuts a floor/ceiling joist 4 of a truss unit 2 located at one end of the pitched roof unit module.
  • the other member of the L shaped plate 42 is provided with an opening 43 through which the shaft 46 of a headed bolt 43' extends.
  • the upper set of plates 34 also extends transversely of the support beam 30 and is provided with an opening 45.
  • the bracing members are secured together by threading the shaft 46 of the headed bolt 43' through the opening 43 in the lower plate 42 and the openings 45 in the upper set of plates 34, then providing a nut (not shown) on the headed bolt 43' and tightening this nut to the headed bolt.
  • the depending member of the L shaped plate provides a brace to enable the releasable securing means to support the roof unit module laterally.
  • the depending member of the L shaped plate 42 is provided with openings by which the L shaped plate 42 may be aligned with suitable openings (whether blind or open) in the joist 4 to allow the passage of fastening members such as bolts 58 to further secure the L shaped plate 42 with respect to the joist 4.
  • sets of plate members other than those at the ends of the releasable securing means may comprise an upper plate 34 and an L- shaped lower plate 42.
  • the pitched roof unit modules 1 may be constructed off-site at a factory or at warehouse premises. This has as an advantage that the pitched modular roof units 1 may be constructed in an environment protected from adverse weather conditions reducing delays in on-site construction and health and safety risks.
  • pitched roof unit modules of the pitched modular roof unit structure can be conducted prior to the modules leaving the factory.
  • a pitched roof modular structure 59 constructed from two pitched roof unit modules 1 is provided with a waterproof/water resistant breather membrane 60 which covers the roof rafters (not visible) of the roof support framework (not visible).
  • Suitable tiling battens or lathes 62 extend laterally across, and are fixed to the roof rafters through the breather membrane 60 in spaced apart relationship up/down the pitched roof modular roof structure.
  • Roof tiles (not shown) can be fixed to the tiling battens 62 and ridge tiles can be fixed along the roof ridge (not visible) when the pitched roof modular structure 59 has been located in position ( Figure 8 ).
  • the breather membrane 60 may be used to cover the entire pitched modular roof unit structure 59 and be split only when separating/dividing the modular roof unit structure 59 into pitched roof unit modules for transport and transfer to a building site.
  • the bounds of the two pitched modular roof units with each other are marked by adjacent central battens 64 and with their potential neighbours by peripheral battens 44 on opposite sides respectively of the pitched modular roof unit structure 59.
  • the tiles are laid off-site prior to the pitched roof unit modules 1 leaving the factory, to which end the roof tiles are laid on, and fixed to, the tiling battens 62 through the breather membrane 60, in head-to-tail and side-by-side overlapping relationship from the eaves to the ridge and the ridge tiles (not shown) are laid longitudinally along the roof ridge in overlapping relationship along their side edges with the top course of roof tiles (not shown).
  • the pitched modular roof unit structure 59 is completed off-site and there is no need to provide scaffolding on-site to complete the pitched roof structure.
  • roof unit module 1 for a loft conversion Building of interior structures, namely the provision of decoration and of utilities, such as internal wiring for lighting and power sockets, for each roof unit module 1 for a loft conversion are designated in this example as internally dressed roof unit modules 70, 72 and 74 can now be conducted and is preferably conducted prior to transport and transfer.
  • the internal walls of a modular loft unit may be provided by drywall or plasterboard.
  • Suitable furnishings may also be installed or created such as integral shelf units or wardrobes, as well as openings in the floor for stairwells or stairways as shown in Figure 9 .
  • the pitched roof unit modules 1 may be lifted from the suitable support by connecting the left and right hand side releasable securing means constituted by the demountable support beam and lifting apparatus to any suitable lifting apparatus and so transferred from the suitable support to a transport vehicle for transport to the site of the loft conversion or assembly/construction of the pitched modular roof unit structure 59 on the building site.
  • the following actions may occur on an existing building in which the roof structure has been removed to expose the underlying structure (whether or not additional structural reinforcement has been conducted) or for a new build which has been built to a corresponding level.
  • the term 'floor' joists 4 is relevant whereas for a new build for example the term 'ceiling' joists 4 may be relevant.
  • the pitched roof unit modules 1 may be lifted from the transport vehicle by connecting the left and right hand side releasable securing means to any suitable lifting apparatus and so be transferred from the transport vehicle to an installation site
  • a first end roof unit module 1 is raised into position, for example above a wall beam or plate of the exposed structure and the truss units 2 fixed to the exposed structure in a suitable manner. It will be appreciated that fixing of the roof unit module 1 to the underlying structure may be achieved in any suitable manner.
  • the releasable securing means in the roof unit module 1 can then conveniently be released from the roof unit module and removed. This has as an advantage that the releasable securing means are then free for reuse.
  • the bracing members in the roof unit module 1 can then be removed from their associated support beam 30 by releasing the nuts 40, 49 from the headed bolts.
  • the support beam 30 can itself then be removed from within the roof unit module 1, if necessary by further separating the sleeve members 52, 54 from the inner portion 50.
  • the support beam 30 and associated bracing members are then free for reuse.
  • the L shaped member 42 can also be released if secured by bolts 58 by the removal of these bolts.
  • Subsequent roof unit modules 1 may then be moved into position, secured into that position and the support beams 30 and associated bracing members removed, finishing with the final roof unit module 1 being transferred to complete the pitched modular roof unit structure and fixing it in position and the releasable securing means being released and removed.
  • the final roof unit module 1 it may not be possible easily to remove releasable securing means, i.e. the support beams 30.
  • an opening or window toward the end of the roof unit module 1 can be created to ease removal of the final releasable securing means/ support beam(s) 30.
  • this opening or window will not create significant additional work on site.
  • Figures 10 to 15 differ from those of Figures 1 to 9 in that roof tiles 80 are laid on, and fixed to, the tiling battens 62 which are fixed through the breather membrane 60 to the roof rafters 6 of the plurality of truss units 2 forming the roof support framework 3 of at least two tiled pitched modular roof units 1 to form the tiled pitched modular roof unit structure 59 with roof rafters of all of the modules are covered being covered by the breather membrane 60.
  • the pitched modular roof unit structure 59 is assembled and split into the tiled pitched roof unit modules 1 off-site prior to leaving the factory where they are assembled.
  • the roof tiles 80 are laid in courses from the roof eaves 82 to the roof ridge 84 in head-to-tail and side-by-side overlapping relationship.
  • Ridge tiles 86 are laid longitudinally along the roof ridge 84 in overlapping relationship along their side edges with the top course 87 of the roof tiles 80.
  • the support framework of the tiled pitched modular roof unit structure 59 is split into a plurality of tiled pitched roof unit modules 1 by at least one division extending along the rafters of the support framework 3 between sets of the plurality of truss units 2.
  • the or each division is made by severing the breather membrane and cutting the tiling battens to produce an eaves to ridge gap 88 between the roof rafters 6 of adjacent truss units 2.
  • the roof tiles 80, breather membrane 60 and tiling battens 62 do not extend laterally across the gap 88 which is free of roof tiles 80, thereby enabling the tiled pitched roof unit modules 1 to be separated from one another as will be apparent from Figures 14 and 15 .
  • the roof rafters 6 of adjacent tiled pitched roof unit modules 1 along the gap 88 caused by the or each division are strengthened by providing respective counter battens 90 which are fixed along the adjacent rafters 6 from the roof eaves 82 to the roof ridge 84.
  • respective counter battens 90 are fixed to, and extend along, the roof rafters 6 along the gap 88 beneath the respective counter battens 90 from the roof eaves 82 to the roof ridge 84.
  • the provision of the counter battens 90 and packing elements 91 preserves the gap 88 to provide a space to enable the accommodation of lifting means 92 when two adjacent tiled pitched roof unit modules units 1 are assembled together on the building walls at the building site to the form the tiled pitched modular roof unit structure 59.
  • the adjacent split tiled pitched roof unit modules 1 are located and aligned with respect to each other when lifted by the lifting means 92 and assembled adjacent one another by means of inter-engaging male and female elements in the form of locating pins 93 projecting from one of the packing elements engaging in locating pin holes 94 in the packing element of the adjacent pitched roof unit modules unit 1.
  • the strengthening of the split tiled pitched roof unit modules 1 enables them to be lifted readily without the risk of damage to the unit modules 1.
  • the lifting means 92 includes four hooks 92a, which are cranked so that the hooks can engage with respective end beams 93 of the support framework 3 roof unit modules 1 substantially within the volume of the roof space 7 and in the space created by the gap 88 between the assembled adjacent roof unit modules 1 and then be disengaged from the end beams.
  • the lifting hooks 92a are attached to lifting lines 92b carried by a spreader beam 92c which is in turn connected to cables 92d for a crane (not shown).
  • the shown arrangement of lifting lines 92b and spreader beam 92c may varied so that the lines 92b extend vertically upwards to avoid sideways unsteady movements of the lifting lines when lifting the roof unit modules 1 and lowering into position on the tops of the building walls.
  • the eaves to ridge gap 88 between the counter battens 90 of adjacent split tiled pitched roof unit modules 1 is sealed by applying a flexible waterproof seal 95 between the counter battens 90 as will be apparent from Figures 14 and 15 and laying an elongate strip 96 of breather membrane over the waterproof seal 95 and tiling battens 62 and from roof eaves to the roof ridge, as shown in Figures 18 and 19 .
  • the sealed eaves to ridge gap 88 between the counter battens the remainder of the gap 88 left between the roof tiles 80 of the adjacent tiled pitched roof unit modules 1 is covered by laying filler roof tiles 80 (not shown).
  • a tiled pitched roof unit module 150 (hereafter a roof unit module 150) having a roof support framework 151 including a plurality of roof rafters 152 joined to and supported on, floor/ceiling joists 156 by means of which the roof unit modules 150 can be laid on the tops of the walls of a building.
  • the roof rafters 152 extend at an angle from the ends of the joists 156 at the eaves 155 up to the ridge 158 of the roof unit module 150 to form the pitch of the roof.
  • Rafter webs 154 extending between roof rafters 152 and the joists 156 support the roof rafters 152 within the volume of the roof unit module 150 inside the internal roof space 7.
  • Hanging beams 160 extend across the roof rafters 152 between the ends of the roof unit module 150, part-way up the rafters 152, and provide additional support to the roof support framework 151. Beneath the roof apex where corresponding left and right rafters 152 meet and are joined together, a ridge beam 162 extends parallel to the hanging beams 160.
  • the roof unit module 150 is tiled with roof tiles 164 laid in head-to-tail and side-by-side overlapping relationship from the eaves 155 to the ridge 158 on tiling battens 160 which are fixed to the roof rafters 152 though an underlay, such as a breather membrane, (not shown) laid across the tops of the roof rafters 152 below the roof tiles 164.
  • the tiling is completed by laying ridge tiles 166 along the ridge 158 where their side edges overlap the top course of roof tiles 164.
  • the tiling battens 160 ( Figure 17 ) are nailed or otherwise fixed to the roof rafters 152 and the roof tiles 164 are laid on the tiling battens 160 starting at the eaves 155 and ending at the ridge 158.
  • the roof tiles 164 may be provided with hanging nibs (not shown) which hook over the tiling battens 160 to support the roof tiles 164 on the roof and are provided with nail holes (not shown) through which the roof tiles 164 are nailed to the roof rafters 152.
  • the roof unit module 150 includes two spacers 168 which are fixed to the end joist 156, and which project from the end joist 156 and the volume of the roof unit module 150. These spacers 168 function to space the roof unit module 150 apart from an adjacent second roof unit module 150 (not shown) when these two modules are lifted to assemble them onto the tops of the walls of a building.
  • the spacers 168 provide an accurate, predefined space 169 between the adjacent tiled pitched roof unit modules 150 when they have been assembled onto the building wall tops. If needs be, two further such spacers (not shown) are at the opposite end of the module for spacing it apart from another module on the opposite side. It will be appreciated, therefore, that this roof unit module 150 is suitable for being laid between at least two other roof unit modules 150 of the roof, taking up an inside position along a serious of modules.
  • the roof unit module 150 is lifted at four lifting points in a balanced lifting arrangement to lay it on the walls of a building.
  • Four lifting means each comprising a rope or cable 170, are used to lift a beam at each end of the roof unit module 150.
  • a lifting hook 172 At a lower end of each rope or cable 170 is a lifting hook 172 in the form of a rigid metal foot which fits snugly around the underside and one side of the end joist 156.
  • the lifting hook 172 and rope or cable 170 lie within a region outside the volume of the roof module itself, but not projecting from that volume further that the spacers168.
  • this engaged configuration it is the spacers 168 that project the furthest from the roof module, not the lifting hook 172.
  • Roof unit modules 150 for placement at the end of a roof structure are different to the inner roof unit module 150 already described.
  • the main difference is that end roof unit modules 180 are closed at one end to form a gable end, and as such only have one open end with spacers.
  • a gable end tiled pitched roof unit module 180 of this type is shown in Figure 18 , and is hereafter referred to as a gable end roof unit module 180.
  • the closed end is finished and sealed as would be the gable end of a traditional roof structure, and there are no spacers provided at that closed end.
  • the gable end roof unit module 180 has rafters 152, rafter webs 154, end joists 156, hanging beams 160, a ridge beam 162, roof tiles 164 and ridge tiles 166, and a pair of spacers 168 on the inner end joist 156, as would be the case for an inside roof unit module 150.
  • the final ridge tile 166 of the gable end roof unit module 180 is missing.
  • a ridge tile 166 can be fitted at this location after the gable end roof unit module 180 has been laid on the walls of a building, but initially the outermost ridge tile is absent from the gable end module 180.
  • This arrangement provides access for the lifting means to engage the outermost end joist 156 by providing an access opening from outside the roof unit module 180 to the inside of the roof unit module 180 at the closed, sealed end of the gable end roof unit module 180.
  • the rope or cable 170 of a lifting means is fed through the access opening as indicated by the arrow 182 into the inside of the gable end roof unit module 180 so that the back end joist 156 can be engaged by the lifting means. If the lifting hook 172 of the lifting means does not fit through the access opening, this can be attached to the end of the rope or cable 170 once it has been passed through the access opening and into the gable end roof unit module 180.
  • Top views of the gable end roof unit module 180 and inside roof unit module 150 are shown in Figures 19 and 20 , respectively.
  • the roof tiles 164, ridge tiles 166 and spacers 168 are visible in this view.
  • the three lifting points of the gable end roof unit module 180 are indicated by arrows 184 in Figure 19
  • the four lifting points of the gable end roof unit module 150 are indicated by arrows 186 in Figure 20 . It will be readily appreciated from these top views that the precise number of lifting points can be varied, provided that balanced lifting is achieved. For lifting any given roof unit module 150, 180, at least one lifting point at each end is required.
  • At least one of the lifting points should engage the relevant end joist 156 along a sufficient length of the end joist 156 so as to avoid toppling of the roof unit module 150, 180 and provide balanced lifting.
  • the lifting hook 172 of the lifting means could be elongated along the axis of the end joist 156 and suspended in such a way as to ensure a balanced engagement with the end joist 156 to avoid toppling of the roof unit module 150, 180 about its longitudinal axis parallel to the ridge 158. Notwithstanding this freedom in the total number of lifting points, in the case of a gable end roof unit module 180, it will be appreciated that the access opening at the closed end enables access only to a single lifting point at that end.
  • a lifting hook 172 of a lifting means with a end joist 156 is shown in an enlarged side view in Figure 21 .
  • the lifting hook 172 is shaped to extend under the end joist 156 to support the underside of the end joist 156, and to extend around the far side of the end joist 156 for effecting a grasping engagement with the end joist 156, to extend around, and engage with, the far side of the end joist 156..
  • This arrangement ensures a secure lift of the considerable weight of the roof unit module 150, 180.
  • the lifting hook 172 may be replaced any other suitable means such as an eye screw 188 (or bolt) as shown in Figure 22 or a sling 190 as shown in Figure 23 .
  • the eye screw 88 is screwed into the beam 56 and a rope or cable 70 is secured to the eye or loop of the eye screw 188.
  • the rope or cable 170 is detached from the eye screw 188 and the eye screw 188 is unscrewed from the end joist 156.
  • a separate rope or cable 170 is not necessarily required, although it may be that a rope or cable 170 is attached to the sling 190, for example at a higher location such as nearer the attachment point of a crane.
  • the sling 190 loops around the end joist 156 and is strong enough to support the weight of the roof unit module for secure lifting.
  • any type of lifting means would be suitable provided that it is capable of secure lifting and does not project from the roof module further than the spacers 168.
  • the roof module 150, 180 With at least two lifting means engaged with the roof unit module 150, 180, the roof module 150, 180 is lifted into position just above the tops of the walls of a building and positioned on the walls before being secured in place.
  • a gable end roof unit module 180 that has been positioned on the building wall tops in this way is shown in Figure 24 .
  • the spacers 168 which project from the gable end roof unit module 180 can be seen clearly in this figure and it will be appreciated that this spacing function will create a gap between the positioned gable end roof unit module 180 and the next roof unit module along 150 so that the modules 180, 150 are positioned in spaced apart relationship.
  • a second roof unit module 150 is then lifted at four lifting points as shown in Figure 16 and positioned on the wall tops next to the previously positioned gable end roof unit module 180 so that an end of the second module 150 is flush with the outermost faces of the projecting spacers 168. Since the spacers 168 project further from the gable end module 180 than the lifting means, the gap 112 created between the spaced apart roof unit modules 150, 180 is wider than the lifting means. This enables the lifting means to be accommodated between the roof unit modules 150, 180 so that once the second roof unit module 150 has been laid, the lifting means can be detached from the second roof unit module 150 and drawn upwardly out of the gap between the roof unit modules 150.
  • the spacers 168 may be provided on both the first and the second roof unit modules 180, 150 so that when the second roof unit module 150 is in position the outermost projecting faces of the spacers 168 of each roof unit module 150, 180 are flush with each other.
  • it is the total width of a spacer 168 of the first roof unit module 180 plus the width of a spacer 68 of the second roof unit module 150 that is wider than the lifting means in order to allow the lifting means to be detached and released through the gap between the spaced apart roof unit modules 150, 180.
  • the corresponding spacers 168 may also provide an aligning function.
  • the roof unit modules 150, 180 have corresponding spacers 192 and 194 with female and male formations 196 and 198 which interengage to align the roof unit modules 150, 180 correctly on the building wall tops.
  • the spacers 192, 194 space the modules apart by a distance d which is the sum of their widths, as indicated in Figure 25A .
  • spacers 100 and 102 provide vertical alignment and horizontal anchorage by means of complementary interengaging male and female formations 106 and 104 respectively.
  • the female formation 104 has a floor 110 with which the male formation 106 abuts when it is lowered into the female formation 104. In this abutment the spacer 102 cannot move further downwards relative to the spacer 100, and the spacers 100, 102 are vertically aligned.
  • Horizontal anchorage is achieved by virtue of the head 107 engaging in a complementary recess 109.
  • the roof unit modules 150, 180 of the roof are lifted and positioned in turn until they are disposed in series on the building wall tops.
  • the spacers 168, 192, 194, 100, 102 define the gaps 112 between each pair of adjacent roof unit modules 150, 180.
  • the roof is then completed on-site. All that needs to be done is sealing together overlapping edges of underlay from adjacent modules, retiling of the gaps 112 between the middle and the end roof unit modules 150, 180 to close the gaps 112, connecting gutters at the eaves of the roof unit modules 150, 180, and fitting a final ridge tile 166 to each of the gable ends of the roof structure.
  • a further embodiment of the invention enables access to the lifting points of a tiled pitched roof unit module 114, such as a tiled pitched roof unit module 114 (hereafter a roof unit module 114), without using spacers.
  • a tiled pitched roof unit module 114 such as a tiled pitched roof unit module 114 (hereafter a roof unit module 114)
  • each of the outermost rafters 116 is accompanied, on its inner side, by an additional rafter 118, as shown in Figures 30 and 31 .
  • the additional rafter 118 lies parallel to and in spaced apart relationship with the outermost rafter 116 to define a gap 120 between the rafters 116, 118 for accessing a lifting point of the roof unit module 114.
  • a roof unit module 114 can be lifted onto the walls of a building and positioned in abutment with a previously laid roof unit module 114.
  • a roof unit module 114 an entire tiled roof unit module structure having sets of outermost and additional rafters at its ends could be assembled and lifted onto the walls of a building in this way.
  • the tiling can be completed by extending it across the rafter pairs.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Procédé d'assemblage, sur les parois d'un bâtiment, d'un module (1) d'unité de toit incliné couvert comportant un faîte et deux extrémités qui se font face dans des sens opposés, qui comprend le levage du module (1) d'unité de toit incliné couvert à partir desdites extrémités opposées qui se font face par fixation de trois moyens de levage (92) au module (1) d'unité de toit incliné couvert pour un levage en trois points et le positionnement du module (1) d'unité de toit incliné couvert sur les parties supérieures des murs de construction, une des extrémités se faisant face sur le module (1) d'unité de toit incliné couvert étant une extrémité de pignon, et le procédé comprenant l'accès à un point de levage au niveau de l'extrémité de pignon à travers une ouverture d'accès pratiquée dans le faîte.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, dans lequel le module (1) d'unité de toit incliné couvert comporte des tuiles faîtières (86, 166) et dans lequel l'ouverture d'accès est créée au moyen d'un espace normalement occupé par la tuile faîtière d'extrémité de pignon.
  3. Procédé selon la revendication 1 ou la revendication 2, dans lequel le module (1) d'unité de toit incliné couvert comporte des tuiles faîtières (86) et dans lequel l'ouverture d'accès est créée par dépose de la tuile faîtière d'extrémité de pignon.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, dans lequel au moins une des deux extrémités opposées se faisant face du module d'unité de toit incliné couvert est dotée de deux chevrons espacés (6) procurant un accès à un point de levage à travers l'espace situé entre les chevrons (6).
  5. Procédé d'assemblage d'une structure de toit inclinée couverte (59) sur les murs d'un bâtiment, la structure de toit (59) comportant une structure de soutien (3) permettant de soutenir une couverture, comprenant une pluralité d'unités de fermes (2), chaque unité de ferme (2) contenant une solive de plancher/plafond (4) et des chevrons (6) de toit fixés aux solives, divisés par l'au moins une division s'étendant latéralement à travers la structure de soutien (3) entre les ensembles de la pluralité d'unités de ferme (2), ce qui divise la structure de soutien (3) en une pluralité de modules d'unité de toit incliné (1), le procédé comprenant l'assemblage d'au moins un des modules (1) d'unité de toit incliné couvert sur les parois du bâtiment selon un procédé conforme à l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4.
  6. Procédé selon la revendication 5, dans lequel des modules (1) d'unité de toit incliné couvert sont positionnés en relation espacée bout à bout au moyen d'au moins une entretoise (168) pour permettre de loger un moyen de levage (92) pour permettre le transfert sur place de la pluralité de modules (1) d'unité de toit incliné couvert aux parties supérieures de mur de construction.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, dans lequel les modules (1) d'unité de toit incliné couvert sont positionnés en relation espacée alignée bout à bout au moyen de deux entretoises (168) comportant des pièces complémentaires de mise en prise mutuelle.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 7, dans lequel les chevrons (6) de toit de modules adjacents (1) le long d'au moins une division sont renforcés par utilisation de contre-voliges respectives (90) qui s'étendent le long des chevrons (6), des avant-toits au faîte de toit.
  9. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 8, dans lequel des éléments allongés (91) de mise en paquet sont fixés, et étendus le long des chevrons (6) de toit de l'au moins une division et au-dessous des contre-voliges (91) des avant-toits au faîte de toit et le procédé comprenant la localisation et l'alignement des modules (1) d'unité de toit incliné couvert divisés et adjacents les uns par rapport aux autres au moyen d'éléments mâle et femelle à prise mutuelle des éléments allongés (91) de mise en paquet.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 5 à 9, dans lequel le module (1) d'unité de toit incliné couvert a une membrane hydrorésistante (60) fixée aux chevrons de toit (6) de la structure de soutien (3), des voliges de couverture (62) sont fixées par la membrane de respirateur (60) aux chevrons (6) de la structure de soutien (3) et les tuiles (80) sont fixées aux voliges de couverture (62) et dans lequel les tuiles faîtières (80), les voliges de couverture (62) et la membrane de respirateur (60) ne s'étendent pas latéralement à travers l'au moins une division formant un espace, des avant-toits jusqu'à de faîte (88) entre celles-ci.
  11. Procédé selon la revendication 10, comprenant la jointure avant-toits à l'espace de faîte (88) entre les voliges de couverture (62) et la membrane de respirateur (60) des modules (1) d'unité de toit incliné couvert divisés et adjacents.
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 7 à 11, et comprenant l'utilisation et l'installation de moyens escamotables de fixation pour attacher la pluralité de fermes (2) dans la structure de soutien (3) en plus de celle fournie par les tuiles (80) pendant le transport du module (1) d'unité de toit incliné couvert ou de chacun de tels modules, et l'installation sur les parties supérieures de mur de construction, sur le site de construction.
  13. Procédé selon la revendication 12, le procédé comprenant, après assemblage/installation du module (1) d'unité de toit incliné couvert ou de chacun d'entre eux, la libération du moyen escamotable de fixation et la dépose du moyen escamotable de stockage du module (1) d'unité de toit incliné couvert ou de chacun de tels modules.
  14. Procédé selon la revendication 12 ou la revendication 13, ou selon toute revendication dépendant de l'une ou l'autre de ces revendications, dans lequel le moyen escamotable de fixation ou chacun de tels moyens comprend un soutien démontable et un appareil (30) de levage de poutre.
EP13747481.3A 2012-07-10 2013-07-05 Structures de toit incliné et leurs procédés d'assemblage et de construction Active EP2872709B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB201212280A GB201212280D0 (en) 2012-07-10 2012-07-10 Apparatus for loft system
GB201212279A GB201212279D0 (en) 2012-07-10 2012-07-10 Method of construction
PCT/GB2013/051791 WO2014009702A1 (fr) 2012-07-10 2013-07-05 Structures de toit incliné et leurs procédés d'assemblage et de construction

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EP2872709B1 true EP2872709B1 (fr) 2018-09-26

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EP2960391A1 (fr) * 2014-06-27 2015-12-30 Servizi Generali S.r.l. Unite modulaire prefabriquee pour la construction de batiments
US9909300B2 (en) 2016-03-16 2018-03-06 Toyota Motor Engineering & Manufacturing North America, Inc. Truss clamp assemblies
CN111719755A (zh) * 2020-05-14 2020-09-29 龙德建设有限公司 装配式混凝土仿古屋面及其建造方法
CN112878565B (zh) * 2021-01-12 2022-11-22 中电建建筑集团有限公司 一种坡屋面浇筑模块及成型模具
CN114033091A (zh) * 2021-12-06 2022-02-11 中建八局发展建设有限公司 一种用于大坡度斜屋面结构的施工装置及其使用方法

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EP2872709A1 (fr) 2015-05-20
WO2014009702A1 (fr) 2014-01-16
GB201312153D0 (en) 2013-08-21
GB2504001A (en) 2014-01-15

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