EP2864618B1 - Kolben für einen verbrennungsmotor - Google Patents

Kolben für einen verbrennungsmotor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2864618B1
EP2864618B1 EP13745565.5A EP13745565A EP2864618B1 EP 2864618 B1 EP2864618 B1 EP 2864618B1 EP 13745565 A EP13745565 A EP 13745565A EP 2864618 B1 EP2864618 B1 EP 2864618B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
piston
cooling channel
coolant
bore
low melting
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Not-in-force
Application number
EP13745565.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP2864618A2 (de
Inventor
Ulrich Bischofberger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Mahle International GmbH
Original Assignee
Mahle International GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Mahle International GmbH filed Critical Mahle International GmbH
Publication of EP2864618A2 publication Critical patent/EP2864618A2/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2864618B1 publication Critical patent/EP2864618B1/de
Not-in-force legal-status Critical Current
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/16—Pistons  having cooling means
    • F02F3/20—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01P—COOLING OF MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; COOLING OF INTERNAL-COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F01P3/00—Liquid cooling
    • F01P3/06—Arrangements for cooling pistons
    • F01P3/10—Cooling by flow of coolant through pistons
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/16—Pistons  having cooling means
    • F02F3/18—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a liquid or solid coolant, e.g. sodium, in a closed chamber in piston
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/26—Pistons  having combustion chamber in piston head
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B3/00—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition
    • F02B3/06—Engines characterised by air compression and subsequent fuel addition with compression ignition
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02F—CYLINDERS, PISTONS OR CASINGS, FOR COMBUSTION ENGINES; ARRANGEMENTS OF SEALINGS IN COMBUSTION ENGINES
    • F02F3/00—Pistons 
    • F02F3/16—Pistons  having cooling means
    • F02F3/20—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston
    • F02F3/22—Pistons  having cooling means the means being a fluid flowing through or along piston the fluid being liquid
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/02—Light metals
    • F05C2201/021—Aluminium
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F05—INDEXING SCHEMES RELATING TO ENGINES OR PUMPS IN VARIOUS SUBCLASSES OF CLASSES F01-F04
    • F05C—INDEXING SCHEME RELATING TO MATERIALS, MATERIAL PROPERTIES OR MATERIAL CHARACTERISTICS FOR MACHINES, ENGINES OR PUMPS OTHER THAN NON-POSITIVE-DISPLACEMENT MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F05C2201/00—Metals
    • F05C2201/04—Heavy metals
    • F05C2201/0433—Iron group; Ferrous alloys, e.g. steel
    • F05C2201/0448—Steel

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a piston for an internal combustion engine, having a piston head and a piston skirt, wherein the piston head has a circumferential annular portion and in the region of the annular part a circumferential cooling channel, wherein the piston skirt has hub bores provided with piston bosses, which have hub connections on the underside of the piston head are arranged, wherein the piston hubs are interconnected via running surfaces.
  • a generic piston for an internal combustion engine with a piston head and a piston skirt, wherein the piston head has a circumferential annular portion and in the region of the annular part a circumferential cooling channel and wherein the piston shaft provided with hub bores piston hubs arranged via hub connections on the underside of the piston head are.
  • the piston hubs are connected to one another via running surfaces, wherein at least one outwardly closed bore is provided, which is arranged between a running surface and a hub bore.
  • the object of the present invention is to develop a generic piston so that sets a more uniform temperature distribution between the piston head and the piston skirt during operation.
  • the solution consists in that the wall of the cooling channel extending in the area of the ring section has an inclination and forms an acute angle with the piston center axis, that four outwardly closed bores are provided, which are arranged between a running surface and a hub bore, in order to achieve a particularly uniform Temperature distribution in the piston to achieve that the holes open into the cooling channel, that the cooling channel and the holes contain a coolant in the form of a low-melting metal or a low-melting metal alloy.
  • the piston according to the invention is characterized in that the heat generated in the region of the piston crown is guided via the piston head into the piston and discharged via the comparatively large-area running surfaces.
  • a more even heat distribution over the entire piston is achieved during operation.
  • a more effective cooling of the entire piston is achieved.
  • the inventively provided inclination of running in the region of the ring wall wall of the cooling channel causes the coolant during engine operation during its downward movement this area largely not touched and in the upward movement only to a small extent. Instead, the coolant will move substantially linearly upwards or downwards.
  • the inclination forms a blind spot between the coolant moving during engine operation and the wall of the cooling channel extending in the region of the annular part, so that the moving coolant has no or only little contact with the wall region lying in the blind spot.
  • the additional heating of the area between the piston hub and the piston shaft causes an additional thermal expansion of the piston shaft and thereby reduces the warm play between piston and cylinder. This is particularly advantageous when a crankcase made of a light metal material, for example. An aluminum-based material, with a higher coefficient of thermal expansion than that of the piston material is used.
  • the angle enclosed by the wall of the cooling passage extending in the region of the annular part with the piston center axis is preferably not more than 10 ° in order to avoid an excessive narrowing of the cooling passage and a concomitant reduction of the cooling power.
  • the inclination of this wall preferably begins at the level of the upper edge of the lowest annular groove of the ring part. If a combustion bowl is provided, it is advantageous if the wall of the cooling channel extending in the region of the combustion bowl runs parallel to the contour of the wall of the combustion bowl in order to optimize the heat transfer between the combustion bowl and the coolant accommodated in the cooling duct.
  • Low melting metals suitable for use as refrigerants are especially sodium or potassium.
  • low-melting metal alloys in particular Galinstan® alloys, low melting bismuth alloys and sodium-potassium alloys can be used.
  • Galinstan® alloys are gallium, indium and tin alloy systems that are liquid at room temperature. These alloys consist of 65 wt% to 95 wt% gallium, 5 wt% to 26 wt% indium and 0 wt% to 16 wt% tin. Preferred alloys are, for example, those with 68% by weight to 69% by weight of gallium, 21% by weight to 22% by weight of indium and 9.5% by weight to 10.5% by weight of tin ( Mp.
  • Low melting bismuth alloys are well known. These include, for example, LBE (eutectic bismuth-lead alloy, mp. 124 ° C), Roses metal (50 wt .-% bismuth, 28 wt .-% lead and 22 wt .-% tin, mp.
  • Orion metal 42 wt% bismuth, 42 wt% lead and 16 wt% tin, mp 108 ° C
  • Quick solder 52 weight percent bismuth, 32 weight percent lead and 16 weight percent tin, mp 96 ° C
  • d'Arcets metal 50 weight percent bismuth, 25 weight percent lead and 25 wt% tin
  • Wood's metal 50 wt% bismuth, 25 wt% lead, 12.5 wt% tin and 12.5 wt% cadmium, mp 71 ° C
  • Lipowitz metal 50 wt% bismuth, 27 wt% lead, 13 wt% tin and 10 wt% cadmium, mp 70 ° C
  • Harper's metal 44 wt% bismuth, 25 wt%).
  • Suitable sodium-potassium alloys may contain from 40% to 90% by weight of potassium. Particularly suitable is the eutectic alloy NaK with 78 wt .-% potassium and 22 wt .-% sodium (mp. -12.6 ° C).
  • the coolant may additionally contain lithium and / or lithium nitride. If nitrogen is used as a protective gas during filling, this can react with the lithium to lithium nitride and be removed in this way from the cooling channel.
  • the coolant may further contain sodium oxides and / or potassium oxides if, during filling, any existing dry air has reacted with the coolant.
  • the amount of coolant taken up in the cooling channel or holes depends on its thermal conductivity and the degree of desired temperature control.
  • the coolant has a filling level up to half the height of the cooling channel in order to achieve the desired shaker effect and thus a particularly effective heat distribution in the piston.
  • FIGS. 1 to 5 show an embodiment of a piston 10 according to the invention.
  • the piston 10 may be a one-piece or multi-piece piston.
  • the piston 10 can be made of an iron-based material and / or a light metal material, wherein the iron-based material is preferred.
  • FIGS. 1 to 3 show by way of example a one-piece box piston 10.
  • the piston 10 has a piston head 11 with a combustion bowl 13 having a piston head 12, a peripheral land 14 and a ring portion 15 for receiving piston rings (not shown). In the amount of the ring section 15, a circumferential cooling channel 23 is provided.
  • the piston 10 further includes a piston stem 16 with piston bosses 17 and hub bores 18 for receiving a piston pin (not shown).
  • the piston hubs 17 are connected via hub connections 19 with the bottom 11 a of the piston head.
  • the piston hubs 17 are connected to one another via running surfaces 21, 22 (cf. FIG. 2 ).
  • the extending in the region of the ring portion 15 wall 23a of the cooling channel 23 has an inclination and closes with the piston center axis M an acute angle ⁇ of up to 10 °.
  • the inclination begins approximately in the region of the upper edge of the lowermost annular groove 15a of the annular part 15 and continues up to the upper end of the cooling channel 23.
  • the extending in the combustion bowl 13 wall 23b of the cooling channel 23 extends parallel to the contour of the wall 13a of the combustion bowl thirteenth
  • the piston shaft 16 has four holes 24a, 24b, 24c, 24d in the exemplary embodiment.
  • the bores 24a-d in the exemplary embodiment extend approximately axially and parallel to the piston center axis M.
  • the bores 24a-d may, however, also extend inclined at an angle to the piston center axis M.
  • the bores 24a-d are arranged between a running surface 21, 22 and a hub bore 18. The bores 24a-d open into the cooling channel 23rd
  • the piston 10 may for example be cast in a conventional manner, wherein the cooling channel 23 and the bores 24a-d can be introduced in a conventional manner by means of a salt core. It is essential that at least one bore 24a has an opening 25 to the outside.
  • the coolant 27, namely a low-melting metal or a low-melting metal alloy, as enumerated by way of example above is filled through the opening 25 into the bore 24a. From there, the coolant 27 is distributed in the cooling channel 23 and in the further holes 24b-d.
  • the opening 25 is then sealed, in the embodiment by means of a pressed-steel ball 26.
  • the opening 25 can also be closed, for example. By welding a lid or pressing a cap (not shown).
  • the size of the holes 24a-d and the filling amount of the coolant 27 depend on the size and the material of the piston 10. On average, about. 10g to 40g coolant 27 per piston 10 required.
  • the cooling capacity can be controlled by the amount of the added coolant 27 in consideration of its thermal conductivity coefficient. For example. is a level in the cooling channel 23 suitable, which corresponds approximately to half the height of the cooling channel 23. In this case, during operation, the known shaker effect can additionally be used for a particularly effective heat distribution in the piston. For sodium as coolant 27 with a temperature in operation of 220 ° C results in a cooling capacity of 350kW / m 2, a maximum surface temperature of the piston 10 of about 260 ° C.
  • the underside 11a of the piston head 11 can be cooled by injection with cooling oil.
  • a lance is inserted through the opening 25 and purged by means of nitrogen or other suitable inert gas or by means of dry air.
  • a lance is passed through the opening 25 under protective gas (for example nitrogen, inert gas or dry air), so that the coolant 27 is received in the bore 24a or the cooling channel 23.
  • Another method for filling the bore 24a is characterized in that after flushing with nitrogen, inert gas or dry air, the bores 24a-d and the cooling channel 23 are evacuated and the coolant 27 is introduced in a vacuum.
  • the coolant 27 can move more easily in the cooling channel 23 back and forth and in the bores 24a-d in and out, since it is not hindered by existing inert gas.
  • Another possibility for removing the protective gas from the cooling channel 23 or the bores 24a-d is to use nitrogen or dry air (ie essentially a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen) as protective gas and a small amount of the coolant 27 Lithium, according to experience about 1.8mg to 2.0mg lithium per cubic centimeter gas space (ie volume of the cooling channel 23 plus volume of the holes 24a-d). While, for example, sodium and potassium react with oxygen to form oxides, the lithium reacts with nitrogen to form lithium nitride. The protective gas is thus almost completely bound as a solid in the coolant 27.
  • nitrogen or dry air ie essentially a mixture of nitrogen and oxygen

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Pistons, Piston Rings, And Cylinders (AREA)
EP13745565.5A 2012-05-05 2013-05-03 Kolben für einen verbrennungsmotor Not-in-force EP2864618B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102012008945A DE102012008945A1 (de) 2012-05-05 2012-05-05 Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor
PCT/DE2013/000239 WO2013167103A2 (de) 2012-05-05 2013-05-03 Kolben für einen verbrennungsmotor

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2864618A2 EP2864618A2 (de) 2015-04-29
EP2864618B1 true EP2864618B1 (de) 2017-01-04

Family

ID=48918211

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP13745565.5A Not-in-force EP2864618B1 (de) 2012-05-05 2013-05-03 Kolben für einen verbrennungsmotor

Country Status (8)

Country Link
US (1) US9494106B2 (ja)
EP (1) EP2864618B1 (ja)
JP (1) JP6293121B2 (ja)
KR (1) KR20150006860A (ja)
CN (1) CN104379917B (ja)
BR (1) BR112014027523A2 (ja)
DE (1) DE102012008945A1 (ja)
WO (1) WO2013167103A2 (ja)

Families Citing this family (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US11022065B2 (en) 2015-12-03 2021-06-01 Tenneco Inc. Piston with sealed cooling gallery containing a thermally conductive composition
USD886155S1 (en) * 2015-12-18 2020-06-02 Mahle International Gmbh Piston for an internal combustion engine
DE102016001926A1 (de) * 2016-02-18 2017-08-24 Man Truck & Bus Ag Kolben für eine Hubkolben-Verbrennungskraftmaschine
DE102016221352A1 (de) * 2016-10-28 2018-05-03 Mahle International Gmbh Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Kolbens
DE102017210282A1 (de) * 2017-06-20 2018-12-20 Mahle International Gmbh Kolben für einen Verbrennungsmotor mit Flüssigmetallkühlung
US10648425B2 (en) * 2017-08-23 2020-05-12 Tenneco Inc. Piston with broad ovate gallery
RU2675974C1 (ru) * 2017-11-03 2018-12-25 ФЕДЕРАЛЬНОЕ ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ БЮДЖЕТНОЕ ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНОЕ УЧРЕЖДЕНИЕ ВЫСШЕГО ОБРАЗОВАНИЯ "Брянский государственный технический университет" Поршень форсированного дизельного двигателя
CN112196689B (zh) * 2020-10-09 2021-09-21 马勒汽车技术（中国）有限公司 高位盐芯和活塞

Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB517713A (en) * 1939-03-17 1940-02-07 Arthur Villeneuve Nicolle Improvements in or relating to the cylinders and pistons of internal combustion engines
FR2901577A3 (fr) * 2006-05-29 2007-11-30 Renault Sas Piston de moteur a combustion interne pourvu de moyens specifiques de refroidissement et moteur a combustion interne comprenant un tel piston

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Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB517713A (en) * 1939-03-17 1940-02-07 Arthur Villeneuve Nicolle Improvements in or relating to the cylinders and pistons of internal combustion engines
FR2901577A3 (fr) * 2006-05-29 2007-11-30 Renault Sas Piston de moteur a combustion interne pourvu de moyens specifiques de refroidissement et moteur a combustion interne comprenant un tel piston

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE102012008945A1 (de) 2013-11-07
WO2013167103A3 (de) 2014-02-13
CN104379917A (zh) 2015-02-25
CN104379917B (zh) 2017-07-14
WO2013167103A2 (de) 2013-11-14
BR112014027523A2 (pt) 2017-06-27
EP2864618A2 (de) 2015-04-29
JP6293121B2 (ja) 2018-03-14
US20150128892A1 (en) 2015-05-14
JP2015516050A (ja) 2015-06-04
KR20150006860A (ko) 2015-01-19
US9494106B2 (en) 2016-11-15

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