EP2853021A2 - Optimierter synchrongenerator einer getriebelosen windenergieanlage - Google Patents
Optimierter synchrongenerator einer getriebelosen windenergieanlageInfo
- Publication number
- EP2853021A2 EP2853021A2 EP13723816.8A EP13723816A EP2853021A2 EP 2853021 A2 EP2853021 A2 EP 2853021A2 EP 13723816 A EP13723816 A EP 13723816A EP 2853021 A2 EP2853021 A2 EP 2853021A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- stator
- rotor
- generator
- synchronous generator
- cooling
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 230000001360 synchronised effect Effects 0.000 title claims abstract description 47
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 claims description 92
- 238000004804 winding Methods 0.000 claims description 37
- 238000003475 lamination Methods 0.000 claims description 14
- 238000007689 inspection Methods 0.000 claims description 11
- 230000002441 reversible effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 11
- 230000005284 excitation Effects 0.000 description 4
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000005520 electrodynamics Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 description 2
- CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Fe2+ Chemical compound [Fe+2] CWYNVVGOOAEACU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004237 Ponceau 6R Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000004323 axial length Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000009286 beneficial effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005538 encapsulation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000012423 maintenance Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008439 repair process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007704 transition Effects 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/18—Structural association of electric generators with mechanical driving motors, e.g. with turbines
- H02K7/1807—Rotary generators
- H02K7/1823—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines
- H02K7/183—Rotary generators structurally associated with turbines or similar engines wherein the turbine is a wind turbine
- H02K7/1838—Generators mounted in a nacelle or similar structure of a horizontal axis wind turbine
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D13/00—Assembly, mounting or commissioning of wind motors; Arrangements specially adapted for transporting wind motor components
- F03D13/10—Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors
- F03D13/122—Assembly of wind motors; Arrangements for erecting wind motors of auxiliary arrangements inside tower or nacelle, e.g. generators or transmission
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D15/00—Transmission of mechanical power
- F03D15/20—Gearless transmission, i.e. direct-drive
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/60—Cooling or heating of wind motors
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D80/00—Details, components or accessories not provided for in groups F03D1/00 - F03D17/00
- F03D80/70—Bearing or lubricating arrangements
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F03—MACHINES OR ENGINES FOR LIQUIDS; WIND, SPRING, OR WEIGHT MOTORS; PRODUCING MECHANICAL POWER OR A REACTIVE PROPULSIVE THRUST, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- F03D—WIND MOTORS
- F03D9/00—Adaptations of wind motors for special use; Combinations of wind motors with apparatus driven thereby; Wind motors specially adapted for installation in particular locations
- F03D9/20—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus
- F03D9/25—Wind motors characterised by the driven apparatus the apparatus being an electrical generator
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/18—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures
- H02K1/187—Means for mounting or fastening magnetic stationary parts on to, or to, the stator structures to inner stators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/12—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/20—Stationary parts of the magnetic circuit with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K1/00—Details of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/06—Details of the magnetic circuit characterised by the shape, form or construction
- H02K1/22—Rotating parts of the magnetic circuit
- H02K1/24—Rotor cores with salient poles ; Variable reluctance rotors
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K19/00—Synchronous motors or generators
- H02K19/16—Synchronous generators
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K21/00—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets
- H02K21/12—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets
- H02K21/22—Synchronous motors having permanent magnets; Synchronous generators having permanent magnets with stationary armatures and rotating magnets with magnets rotating around the armatures, e.g. flywheel magnetos
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K5/00—Casings; Enclosures; Supports
- H02K5/04—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof
- H02K5/20—Casings or enclosures characterised by the shape, form or construction thereof with channels or ducts for flow of cooling medium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/08—Structural association with bearings
- H02K7/083—Structural association with bearings radially supporting the rotary shaft at both ends of the rotor
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K7/00—Arrangements for handling mechanical energy structurally associated with dynamo-electric machines, e.g. structural association with mechanical driving motors or auxiliary dynamo-electric machines
- H02K7/10—Structural association with clutches, brakes, gears, pulleys or mechanical starters
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K9/00—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating
- H02K9/02—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine
- H02K9/04—Arrangements for cooling or ventilating by ambient air flowing through the machine having means for generating a flow of cooling medium
-
- H—ELECTRICITY
- H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
- H02K—DYNAMO-ELECTRIC MACHINES
- H02K2213/00—Specific aspects, not otherwise provided for and not covered by codes H02K2201/00 - H02K2211/00
- H02K2213/03—Machines characterised by numerical values, ranges, mathematical expressions or similar information
-
- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
- Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
- Y02E10/70—Wind energy
- Y02E10/72—Wind turbines with rotation axis in wind direction
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a synchronous generator of a gearless wind turbine. Moreover, the invention relates to a gearless wind turbine.
- Wind turbines are well known, they generate electrical energy from wind energy. For this purpose, usually a so-called. Horizontal axis wind turbine is used, as shown for example.
- Fig. 1 This has an aerodynamic rotor which, driven by the wind, rotates about a substantially horizontal axis, thereby driving a generator.
- Particularly reliable wind turbines are gearless designed so that the aerodynamic rotor is directly coupled to the generator, namely the electrodynamic rotor of the generator.
- the aerodynamic rotor and the electrodynamic rotor which is referred to below as a runner to avoid misunderstandings, rotate at the same speed.
- the size of a generator can not be increased arbitrarily.
- transport conditions on public roads limit the size of a generator.
- a synchronous generator according to claim 1 is proposed.
- This synchronous generator of a gearless wind turbine comprises an external rotor and a stator, around which the external rotor rotates as intended.
- the synchronous generator has a generator outside diameter and the stator has a stator outside diameter. It is now proposed that the synchronous generator be constructed so that a ratio of the stator outer diameter to the generator outer diameter is greater than 0.86.
- the synchronous generator is thus constructed in such a way that the air gap lies as far as possible outside and is designed as narrow as possible according to the external rotor, so that this ratio of the stator outside diameter to the generator outside diameter is greater than 0.86.
- the Statorau in a synchronous generator of the external rotor type, which is proposed here, basically corresponds to the air gap diameter.
- the air gap diameter corresponds to the stator outer diameter.
- the air gap is moved so far outward that the ratio of the stator outside diameter to the generator outer diameter is greater than 0.9.
- the synchronous generator is designed so that the ratio of the stator outer diameter to the generator outer diameter is greater than 0.92. Even the proposed use of an external rotor allows such a favorable ratio. Because of the design, the rotor poles or, in their physical configuration, the rotor pole shoes with the corresponding excitation windings, when a fringe-excited synchronous generator is used, can be reduced in their radial alignment to a very small extent. This makes it possible to move the air gap as far as possible to the outside. At the same time, the stator thereby receives space to form the stator windings advantageous.
- the stator has a radial support structure which extends radially inwards and is prepared for fastening to an axle receptacle extending axially through the stator.
- an axle receptacle which extends centrally through the stator when the generator is installed as intended.
- Such an axle receptacle is a stable, in particular tubular element, which is fixedly secured in a machine carrier and, for example, can be a ferrous cast part.
- the support structure thus extends from the stator lamination, which carries the stator winding, substantially from the air gap radially inwardly to this axle, on which it can be fixedly secured with a corresponding annular flange.
- the stator has radial and axial cooling channels.
- the radial cooling channels are provided for the radial supply of cooling air to the stator, namely in particular to the laminated core of the stator.
- the axial cooling channels then conduct the radially supplied cooling air for cooling the stator along them, in particular through the laminated stator core and / or between rotor poles.
- the cooling air which is supplied in a sufficient amount radially, divided for axial conduction, namely in an axial forward direction, which is contrary to the wind during normal operation of the wind turbine, and in a reverse direction, ie basically in the wind direction. This also makes use of the space inside the stator in an advantageous manner.
- this space allows a large-volume supply of cooling air. If this is then divided into a forward and a backward direction, it flows correspondingly from such a division point only over half the stator length, relative to the axial direction. Accordingly, the stator can be cooled well, and long cooling paths, in which cooling air has already been warmed up to reach the end of such a cooling path to the extent that its cooling capability has decreased significantly, are avoided. It is also advantageous to supply cooling air radially over the entire axial extent of the stator. The radial cooling channels thus take a width which corresponds to the length of the stator. This allows us the possibility of a large-volume cooling flow in this radial feed, which avoids flow losses of the cooling air.
- the radial support structure in such a way that it forms the radial cooling channels.
- the support structure may for this purpose have a few substantially radially extending support plates.
- sheets are used, some of which extend radially and axially and others extend radially and transversely to a longitudinal axis, namely the axis of rotation of the synchronous generator. These sheets may be composed so that they can safely carry the stator, namely in particular the laminated stator core, while at the same time conducting cooling air radially in the direction of the laminated stator core.
- the synchronous generator is encapsulated.
- the external rotor of the synchronous generator is encapsulated.
- a compact design can be achieved, which is also advantageous to handle for transport.
- an advantageous construction such that the air gap is moved as far as possible radially outward, an increase in the power of the generator without increasing the outer dimensions can be achieved. It is thus possible to increase the power without increasing the overall size of the generator, so that it can be transported as possible in one piece from a production hall to the site.
- An encapsulated version is thus already available in the production hall and the generator can be advantageously transported in an encapsulated manner. As a result, the overall structure is facilitated.
- the rotor namely the external rotor
- a rotor bell namely, the rotor in the manner of a bell encloses.
- inspection openings are proposed in the rotor bell.
- Such inspection openings are openings which can be opened, in particular also on a front side of the rotor bell, to view the state of the synchronous generator and, if necessary, to carry out minor repairs or the like.
- the synchronous generator is foreign-excited.
- the rotor namely the external rotor, thus has many rotor poles with excitation windings, by which a current for energizing the rotor poles and thus the rotor is controlled.
- These rotor poles are designed in particular as pole shoes or PolschuhMech with field winding, which are carried on a support ring of the rotor.
- This construction is thus adapted in the structure so that it is particularly slim, and thus has the smallest possible thickness in the radial direction. As a result, the air gap can be moved as far as possible radially outward.
- the synchronous generator is designed as a ring generator.
- a ring generator describes a construction of a generator, in which the magnetically active region is arranged substantially on an annular region concentrically around the axis of rotation of the generator.
- the magnetically active region namely of the rotor and the stator is arranged only in the radially outer quarter of the generator.
- This design as a ring generator also creates a possibility or it is simplified to move the air gap radially as far as possible to the outside.
- a slow-running synchronous generator which has at least 48 stator poles. It can thus be generated at a low speed an alternating current with a comparatively high frequency. Accordingly, it is preferably proposed to provide at least 72 stator poles, more preferably even more stator poles being used, in particular at least 192 stator poles.
- the synchronous generator is also beneficial to form the synchronous generator as a 6-phase generator, namely as a generator with two 3-phase systems, which are offset in particular by about 30 degrees to each other.
- Such a design is particularly advantageous in order to generate a 6-phase current, which is thus well suited for rectification and already caused by principle a lower ripple when rectifying.
- a total of six line strands would thus have to be laid.
- the stator is supported on an axial receptacle, in particular on a axle journal receptacle.
- This axial receptacle, in particular axle journal receptacle extends axially through the stator and the outer rotor, namely centrally along the axis of rotation of the outer rotor and thus simultaneously the central axis of the stator.
- the outer rotor is preferably mounted on a first and a second bearing associated with this recording, wherein both bearings are arranged in the axial direction on one side of the stator, in particular so that the one bearing in the axial direction between the other bearing and the stator is. The rotor is thus supported by these two bearings, so that it is held cantilevered in the region of the stator.
- stator is fixedly secured to the receiver by these two axially spaced two bearings so that the external rotor spans the stator and is carried on one side of the stator on the two bearings.
- the use of two bearings, both on one side of the stator, is particularly well suited to accommodate tilting forces that could be introduced in particular by a wind load on the rotor blades via a rotor hub to the external rotor out.
- one or both of the bearings may also be located a greater distance away from attachment of the stator to the receptacle or journal. The greatest possible distance between the two bearings also includes the ability to absorb tilting forces.
- a synchronous generator which is characterized in that at least one fan (309), in particular in the supporting structure of the stator is provided to air for cooling by the stator lamination stack (658) radially outward to blow.
- the air flow is thus targeted to the outside and can first cool the stator.
- the outer rotor has cooling openings towards the air gap, so that a portion of the cooling air from the air gap (206) further out through the outer rotor (304) and between rotor poles, in particular Läuferpol mortn (32A) of the outer rotor along from energizing windings of the external rotor, thereby to cool the rotor pole pieces, in particular their field windings.
- a large, slow-running synchronous generator which has a third rotor excited. It is deliberately cooled by at least one fan in the supporting structure of its stator.
- the cooling air is in this case blown radially outwards by the blower, that is to say pushed outwards, and thus initially cools the stator, in particular the stator lamination stack, through which the cooling air flows outward to the air gap.
- the cooling air thus continues to flow through the air gap, thereby cooling the stator and the external rotor.
- a portion of the cooling air which has already been already at least slightly heated, flows through openings in the external rotor to the outside.
- the excitation windings of the external rotor can be reached and cooled, which are otherwise not in direct contact with the air gap.
- this gearless, foreign-excited, slow-running generator as an external rotor, such cooling can also be achieved for the external rotor.
- the outer rotor design also creates a gap in the area of the pole shoes of the rotor, which allows such cooling.
- the synchronous generator is constructed and dimensioned so that the stator outer diameter at least 4.4m, preferably at least 4.5m and in particular at least 4.6m, in particular with a generator outer diameter of 5m.
- a synchronous generator is proposed which still allows transport on public roads with an outside diameter of 5 m and thereby has the largest possible outside diameter of the stator and thus can have the highest possible rated power.
- a wind energy plant is proposed, which has a synchronous generator according to at least one of the above-described embodiments.
- Fig. 1 shows a wind turbine in a perspective view.
- Fig. 2 shows a generator of the internal rotor type in a side sectional view.
- Fig. 3 shows a generator of the outer rotor type in a side sectional view.
- FIG. 4 shows a generator similar to FIG. 3 in a perspective view.
- FIG. 5 shows a generator according to FIG. 4 in a further perspective view.
- Fig. 6 shows a generator according to the invention according to another embodiment in a perspective view.
- Fig. 7 shows the generator of Fig. 6 in perspective in a sectional view.
- Fig. 8 shows the generator of FIG. 7 in another view.
- Fig. 9 shows an enlarged section of a generator schematically.
- Fig. 10 shows an enlarged section of a generator schematically.
- Fig. 1 1 shows schematically a section of a rotor of an external rotor assembled with a section of a rotor of an internal rotor.
- FIG. 12 shows a fixed to a support structure generator schematically in a side sectional view.
- FIG. 1 shows a wind energy plant 100 with a tower 102 and a nacelle 104.
- a rotor 106 with three rotor blades 108 and a spinner 110 is arranged on the nacelle 104.
- the rotor 106 is set in rotation by the wind in rotation and thereby drives a generator in the nacelle 104 at.
- 2 shows a generator 201 of the internal rotor type and thus an external stator 202 and a rotor 204 lying on the inside.
- the air gap 206 is located between the stator 202 and the rotor 204.
- the stator 202 is mounted on a stator carrier via a stator bell 208 210 worn.
- the stator 202 has laminated cores 212 that receive windings, of which windings 214 are shown.
- the winding heads 214 basically show the winding wires laid out of a stator slot into the next stator slot.
- the laminations 212 of the stator 202 are secured to a support ring 216, which may also be considered part of the stator 202.
- the stator 202 is attached to a stator flange 218 of the stator bell 208.
- the stator bell 208 carries the stator 202.
- the stator bell 208 can provide fans for cooling, which are arranged in the stator bell 208. As a result, air for cooling can also be pressed through the air gap 206, thereby cooling in the region of the air gap.
- Fig. 2 also shows the outer periphery 220 of the generator 201. Only handling tabs 222 protrude beyond, but this is not a problem because they are not present over the entire circumference.
- the stator carrier 210 is adjoined by an axle journal 224, which is shown only partially.
- On the journal 224 of the rotor 204 is mounted on two rotor bearings 226, of which only one is shown.
- the runner 204 is attached to a hub portion 228 which is also connected to rotor blades of the aerodynamic rotor so that the rotor blades can move the rotor 204, via the hub portion 228, when moved by the wind.
- the rotor 204 has pole shoe bodies with exciter windings 230. Towards the air gap 206, part of the pole piece 232 can still be seen on the exciter windings 230. To the air gap 206 side facing away, ie inwardly of the pole piece 232 with the excitation winding, which he wears, on a run-bearing ring 234 attached, which in turn is attached by means of a rotor support 236 to the hub portion 228.
- the runner ring 234 is basically a cylindrical shell-shaped, solid, solid section.
- the rotor carrier 236 has a plurality of struts.
- the radial extent of the rotor 204 namely from the run-carrying ring 234 to the air gap 206, is significantly smaller than the radial extent of the stator 202, namely from the air gap 206 to the outer circumference 220.
- a distance length 238 is shown, which describes approximately a mean distance of a rotor receptacle 250 to a stator receptacle 252.
- the pitch length 238 is a measure of the air gap interference of the generator construction by external forces. In this generator according to Figure 2, this axial distance length is relatively large, thus showing that a very rigid construction of the stator and rotor is necessary to ensure a uniform distance between the stator and rotor during operation.
- the generator 301 of FIG. 3 is of the external rotor type. Accordingly, the stator 302 is inside and the rotor 304 outside.
- the stator 302 is supported by a central stator support structure 308 on the stator support 310.
- a fan 309 is shown in the stator support structure 308.
- the stator 302 is thus carried centrally, which can greatly increase the stability. Furthermore, it can be cooled from the inside by the blower 309, which is only characteristic of other blowers.
- the stator 302 is accessible from the inside in this construction. The blower blows cooling air outwards.
- the runner 304 has an outboard runner support 334 which is attached to and supported by a runner 336, which may also be referred to as a runner bell 336, on the hub portion 328, which in turn includes two runner bearings, one of which Rotor bearing 326 is shown mounted on a journal 324.
- FIG. 3 also shows a favorable arrangement of a brake 340, which can fix the rotor 304 if required via a brake disk 342 connected to the rotor 304.
- Fig. 3 is also an axial distance length 338 located, which also describes a mean distance of a rotor receptacle 350 to a stator 352.
- this pitch length 338 is significantly reduced from the axial pitch length 238 shown in the internal rotor type generator in FIG.
- the axial distance length 238 of FIG. 2 indicates an average distance between the two supporting structures for the stator 202 on the one hand and the rotor 204 on the other.
- the outer diameter 344 of the outer periphery 320 is identical in both shown generators of FIGS. 2 and 3.
- the outer circumference 220 of the generator 201 of FIG. 2 thus also has the outer diameter 344.
- Fig. 3 shows the outer rotor type generator 301, to achieve a larger air gap diameter for the air gap 306 than the air gap 206 of Fig. 2.
- FIG. 4 From the perspective view of Fig. 4, the basic structure of an encapsulated generator according to the invention 401 can be seen.
- a stator carrier 410 in particular its flange, can be seen in FIG. 4.
- This stator support 410 carries the stator.
- the carrier flange 450 shown is intended for attachment to a machine carrier, namely, which is fixedly arranged on a nacelle of a wind turbine as intended.
- the stator support 410 carries the stator of the generator 401 and is also referred to as Achszapfening, because this axle journal is fixed with its one side, namely the support flange 450 on the machine frame and at another, not shown in Fig. 4 side, fixedly connected to a journal becomes.
- Such a journal carries or supports the aerodynamic rotor.
- the stator carrier 410 or the axle journal receptacle 410 can be understood as part of the generator 401.
- Brakes 440 are also shown in FIG. 4, which also mark the transition from the outer rotor 404 to the inner stator 402.
- the brakes 440 are fastened to a stator ring disk 446 and can brake the rotor 404 on its brake disk 442 from there.
- the stator annular disc 446 is substantially fixed to the support flange 450.
- FIG. 5 shows another view of the generator 401, which essentially shows the encapsulated rotor 404.
- a stub axle flange 452 can also be recognized by the stator carrier 410 or stub axle receptacle 410, to which a stub axle is mounted as intended.
- the axle journal receptacle 410 or the stator carrier 410 can be understood as part of the generator 401, which by the way not only applies to this embodiment, because it is clear from FIGS. 4 and 5 that the generator 401 is connected to this stator carrier In any case, 410 forms a spatially clearly defined device.
- FIG. 6 shows a generator 601 constructed similarly to the generator 401 and the generator 301.
- this generator 601 essentially differs in that a stator carrier or a spindle journal is not shown, which is not important in the illustration.
- an inspection opening 656 is shown in FIG. 6, through which it is possible to look into the rotor 604 in order to be able to carry out any maintenance or inspections of the rotor 604.
- the stator 602 can also be inspected through this inspection opening 656.
- the inspection opening 656 is shown illustratively in FIG.
- an inspection opening 656 could be sufficient, which can be rotated as needed to the appropriate location of the stator 602.
- FIG. 7 illustrates a part of the structure of the inner stator 602.
- This has a stator lamination stack 658 which is wound, which is indicated by the winding heads 660.
- the stator 602 Towards the axis of rotation, the stator 602 has a radial support structure 662.
- the radial support structure 662 essentially comprises two radial baffles which extend radially outward and are arranged perpendicular to the axis of rotation of the generator 601.
- These radial baffles 664 may be connected to the stator 602, in particular the stator lamination stack 658, with its windings on a stator support or on a stub axle receptacle, as shown, for example, in FIG. 4 with the reference number 410.
- the baffles 664 can direct air as cooling air to the stator lamination stack 658.
- the stator lamination stack 658 and also windings in the stator lamination stack 658, which are indicated by the winding heads 660, can be cooled.
- Radially outward adjoins the stator lamination stack 658 of the rotor 604 with its pole pieces 632.
- an air gap 606 is formed, which can only be seen as a line in FIG.
- the structure of the stator 602 with its radial support structure 662 with the two radial baffles 664 can also be seen.
- the radial rotor plate 666 is designed such that a brake disk 642 can still be carried.
- FIG. 9 and 10 illustrate in a detail cooling flows of different types of generators, namely an internal rotor type rotor 901 in FIG. 9 and an external rotor type generator 1001 in FIG. 10.
- the detail in FIG. 9 corresponds approximately to the section of a generator 201 of FIG. 2, wherein in Fig. 9, a slightly different embodiment is shown.
- the section of FIG. 10 approximately corresponds to the section of a generator 301, as shown in FIG. 3, wherein FIG. 10 shows a somewhat different embodiment.
- radial cooling flows 970 flow essentially on both sides-with reference to the illustration of FIG. 9, of the rotor 904 outwards as far as the laminated stator core 958 and the winding heads 960.
- An axial cooling flow 972 only develops in one direction and must Thus, both the stator lamination 958 and the rotor pole shoes 932 cool completely in the axial direction.
- the cooling path is thus proportionate long and a supply of cooling air takes place substantially via one of the radial cooling streams 970th
- the generator 1001 type external rotor leads via radial cooling flows 1070 basically full width of the stator 1002 cooling air radially to the laminated stator core 1058 and from there further on not shown cooling channels to rotor pole 1032.
- the cooling air can in two directions as axial cooling flow 1072 runner 1004 and Stator 1002 cool.
- a great deal of cooling air can be supplied, namely at full width of the stator 1002-based on the illustration of FIG. 10 -or full axial length of the stator 1002.
- the radially supplied cooling air of the radial cooling streams 1070 can reach about the air gap Split 1006, so that only each stator 1002 and rotor 1004 must be cooled axially in half by a cooling flow. The heating distance of the respective cooling flow is thus halved.
- FIGS. 9 and 10 also illustrates the position and footprint of the stator winding heads 960 of the generator 901 of FIG. 9 for the case of an inner rotor and the stator winding heads 1060 of the outer rotor generator 1001 of FIG. 10.
- the radial and axial cooling streams 1070 and 1072 shown in FIG. 10 may be generated by a fan, such as the blower 309 shown in the generator 301 of FIG.
- a blower of which several may be provided, may, for example, press cooling air between the two radial baffles 1064 so that cooling air between the two radial baffles 1064 is directed radially outward.
- a cooling flow in the radial direction can result from other supply of cooling air to the stator. If the cooling flow arrives at the starter lamination stack 1058 or the pole lugs 1032, or arrives essentially in the region of the air gap 1006, this can be diverted into axial flow.
- cooling air 1070 For forwarding radial cooling air 1070 through the stator 1002, corresponding cooling channels can be distributed over the laminated stator core 1058. Cooling air can flow substantially in the axial direction between pole shoes 1032, and also flow axially through the air gap 1006. A partial axial flow of cooling air is also possible in parts of the stator lamination stack 1058, namely, in particular in winding slots, as far as windings therein have left free space, for example through cooling passages that lie in the windings. Another way of cooling air can be done by channels that run within the laminated core. That being said, it is noted that by Arrows illustrated radial flow streams 1070 and axial cooling flows 1072 are to be understood as a schematic representation. A portion of the cooling air may flow radially outward from the air gap 1006 through openings in the rotor 1004, namely the outer rotor 1004, thereby better cooling the outer rotor 1004, these partial streams not being shown in FIG.
- Fig. 11 is a schematic diagram showing in a cutaway pole pieces 32A of an outer rotor 4A together with pole pieces 32B of an inner rotor 4B together in a view.
- the arrangement shown is not part of a functioning machine in this compilation. Rather, Fig. 1 1 illustrates the difference of the pole piece arrangement of an external rotor 4A of a separately excited synchronous generator with respect to the pole piece arrangement of an internal rotor 4B of a synchronous generator.
- Fig. 1 1 shows an air gap 6AB as orientation.
- the inner rotor 4B extends inwardly from the air gap 6AB, with the consequence that the pole pieces 32B converge from the air gap 6AB.
- the gaps 48B decrease in size and the pole pieces 32B basically converge toward each other.
- FIG. 1 1 shows a representation in the axial view, ie in view along the axis of rotation.
- the pole pieces 32A of the outer rotor 4A are spaced radially outward from the air gap 6AB. Accordingly, there is much gap 48A between the pole pieces 32A.
- This effect can also be used constructively and it is possible to reduce the radial expansion of rotor pole pieces and thus in principle the radial extent of the rotor.
- FIG. 12 shows a generator of an embodiment schematically in an installed state.
- a machine carrier 1209 is provided, to which a stator support 1210 is attached, to which in turn an axle journal 1224 is attached.
- the stator 1202 is fixed to the stator support 1210.
- the machine carrier 1209, the stator carrier 1210, the journal 1224 and the stator 1202 are thus connected in a rigid and fixed element, apart from the possibility of an azimuth adjustment of the entire construction shown.
- the outer rotor 1204 is attached to a rotor hub 1228 via a rotor carrier 1236.
- the hub portion 1228 is rotatably supported on the journal 1224 via first and second rotor bearings 1226 and 1227, respectively.
- the large axial distance a between the first and second rotor bearings 1226 and 1227 results in a high tilt stability for the rotor 1204.
- an axial distance e is drawn in, which corresponds to the distance length 338 of FIG. 3.
- This describes a mean distance in the axial direction from the rotor carrier 1236 to a stator receptacle 1252.
- the stator 1202 can be fixedly mounted centrally on the stator carrier 1210 as seen in the axial direction, so that the distance length shown e is relatively small. Together with the large distance a and the resulting tilt stability, a particularly stable structure can be achieved.
- the rotor 1204 also has a circulating brake 1242 that rotates in operation together with the rotor 1204. For braking or setting a brake 1240 is provided accordingly.
- cooling medium in particular cooling air
- such a cooling medium can also flow within the illustrated stator receptacle 1252 to the stator, in particular in the region of the stator windings 1230.
- the radially guided cooling air can be used to cool the rotor pole 1231 of the field winding.
- the transport dimensions are kept low, in particular it is possible to comply with maximum transport dimensions for transport on public roads.
- An improvement of the cooling of the generator can be achieved and, as a result, a higher generator power or at least a small generator power loss can be realized.
- a proposed externally excited external rotor generator can be realized in comparison to known internal rotor generators at the same air gap diameter, a larger laminated core, more field winding and more cooling air between the Polvolen or poles.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Power Engineering (AREA)
- Sustainable Energy (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Sustainable Development (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Motor Or Generator Cooling System (AREA)
- Wind Motors (AREA)
- Connection Of Motors, Electrical Generators, Mechanical Devices, And The Like (AREA)
- Iron Core Of Rotating Electric Machines (AREA)
- Synchronous Machinery (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE102012208549A DE102012208549A1 (de) | 2012-05-22 | 2012-05-22 | Optimierter Synchrongenerator einer getriebelosen Windenergieanlage |
PCT/EP2013/060479 WO2013174852A2 (de) | 2012-05-22 | 2013-05-22 | Optimierter synchrongenerator einer getriebelosen windenergieanlage |
Publications (1)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2853021A2 true EP2853021A2 (de) | 2015-04-01 |
Family
ID=48468337
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP13723816.8A Withdrawn EP2853021A2 (de) | 2012-05-22 | 2013-05-22 | Optimierter synchrongenerator einer getriebelosen windenergieanlage |
Country Status (19)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US20150180288A1 (de) |
EP (1) | EP2853021A2 (de) |
JP (1) | JP6258925B2 (de) |
KR (1) | KR101719046B1 (de) |
CN (1) | CN104335461B (de) |
AR (1) | AR091119A1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU2013265355B2 (de) |
BR (1) | BR112014028929A2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA2872956C (de) |
CL (1) | CL2014003139A1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE102012208549A1 (de) |
IN (1) | IN2014DN09761A (de) |
MX (1) | MX353538B (de) |
NZ (1) | NZ701757A (de) |
RU (1) | RU2625343C2 (de) |
SG (1) | SG11201407289PA (de) |
TW (1) | TWI519710B (de) |
WO (1) | WO2013174852A2 (de) |
ZA (1) | ZA201408009B (de) |
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KR101723718B1 (ko) * | 2011-12-21 | 2017-04-05 | 보벤 프로퍼티즈 게엠베하 | 풍력 발전 설비 나셀 |
DE102012208550A1 (de) * | 2012-05-22 | 2013-11-28 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Generator einer getriebelosen Windenergieanlage |
DE102012208547A1 (de) | 2012-05-22 | 2013-11-28 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Synchrongenerator einer getriebelosen Windenergieanlage |
CN103723053B (zh) * | 2013-12-02 | 2015-10-28 | 平面发电机发展有限公司 | 利用磁悬浮系统的平面发电机 |
JP2016160873A (ja) * | 2015-03-04 | 2016-09-05 | 株式会社エコ・テクノロジー | 風力発電装置 |
DE102016206179A1 (de) * | 2016-04-13 | 2017-10-19 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Generatorrotor für einen Generator einer Windenergieanlage oder eines Wasserkraftwerks, sowie Generator, Windenergieanlage und Wasserkraftwerk mit selbigem |
US11128201B2 (en) | 2017-09-06 | 2021-09-21 | Ge Aviation Systems Llc | Method and assembly of a stator sleeve |
DE102018100951A1 (de) | 2018-01-17 | 2019-07-18 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Arretier- und Bremsmodul für eine Windenergieanlage sowie Generator und Windenergieanlage mit selbigem |
DE102018109158A1 (de) | 2018-04-17 | 2019-10-17 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Generator einer Windenergieanlage und Windenergieanlage mit selbigem |
PL3595139T3 (pl) * | 2018-07-11 | 2023-01-09 | General Electric Renovables España S.L. | Maszyna elektryczna i sposoby jej konserwacji |
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DE102012208550A1 (de) * | 2012-05-22 | 2013-11-28 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Generator einer getriebelosen Windenergieanlage |
DE102012208547A1 (de) * | 2012-05-22 | 2013-11-28 | Wobben Properties Gmbh | Synchrongenerator einer getriebelosen Windenergieanlage |
-
2012
- 2012-05-22 DE DE102012208549A patent/DE102012208549A1/de not_active Withdrawn
-
2013
- 2013-05-21 TW TW102117931A patent/TWI519710B/zh not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-05-22 AR ARP130101770 patent/AR091119A1/es active IP Right Grant
- 2013-05-22 CN CN201380026844.7A patent/CN104335461B/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-05-22 KR KR1020147035567A patent/KR101719046B1/ko active IP Right Grant
- 2013-05-22 EP EP13723816.8A patent/EP2853021A2/de not_active Withdrawn
- 2013-05-22 MX MX2014014072A patent/MX353538B/es active IP Right Grant
- 2013-05-22 WO PCT/EP2013/060479 patent/WO2013174852A2/de active Application Filing
- 2013-05-22 BR BR112014028929A patent/BR112014028929A2/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 2013-05-22 CA CA2872956A patent/CA2872956C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 2013-05-22 SG SG11201407289PA patent/SG11201407289PA/en unknown
- 2013-05-22 RU RU2014151566A patent/RU2625343C2/ru active
- 2013-05-22 AU AU2013265355A patent/AU2013265355B2/en not_active Ceased
- 2013-05-22 NZ NZ701757A patent/NZ701757A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 2013-05-22 US US14/402,597 patent/US20150180288A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-05-22 JP JP2015513153A patent/JP6258925B2/ja not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2014
- 2014-11-03 ZA ZA2014/08009A patent/ZA201408009B/en unknown
- 2014-11-18 IN IN9761DEN2014 patent/IN2014DN09761A/en unknown
- 2014-11-19 CL CL2014003139A patent/CL2014003139A1/es unknown
Non-Patent Citations (2)
Title |
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None * |
See also references of WO2013174852A2 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US20150180288A1 (en) | 2015-06-25 |
JP6258925B2 (ja) | 2018-01-10 |
CN104335461A (zh) | 2015-02-04 |
CL2014003139A1 (es) | 2015-02-27 |
WO2013174852A2 (de) | 2013-11-28 |
RU2625343C2 (ru) | 2017-07-13 |
TWI519710B (zh) | 2016-02-01 |
SG11201407289PA (en) | 2014-12-30 |
CN104335461B (zh) | 2018-07-03 |
AU2013265355B2 (en) | 2016-11-10 |
AU2013265355A1 (en) | 2014-11-27 |
MX353538B (es) | 2018-01-18 |
WO2013174852A3 (de) | 2014-10-02 |
ZA201408009B (en) | 2020-09-30 |
CA2872956C (en) | 2018-07-31 |
BR112014028929A2 (pt) | 2017-06-27 |
RU2014151566A (ru) | 2016-07-10 |
KR20150014980A (ko) | 2015-02-09 |
NZ701757A (en) | 2016-04-29 |
AR091119A1 (es) | 2015-01-14 |
JP2015519033A (ja) | 2015-07-06 |
CA2872956A1 (en) | 2013-11-28 |
DE102012208549A1 (de) | 2013-11-28 |
IN2014DN09761A (de) | 2015-07-31 |
TW201408873A (zh) | 2014-03-01 |
MX2014014072A (es) | 2015-01-26 |
KR101719046B1 (ko) | 2017-03-22 |
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