EP2852707B1 - Method for planning and carrying out ground-compaction operations, in particular for asphalt compaction - Google Patents

Description

The present invention relates to a method for planning and implementing soil compaction processes, in particular for asphalt compaction, by means of at least one soil compactor.

In the production of compacted or compacted floor surfaces, such. As paved roads or the like, it is of fundamental importance that after the application of the material to be compacted, so for example asphalt, using one or more soil compactors for the quality of the compacted soil suitable sequence of the compression procedure is selected, this Sequence is determined on the one hand by the number of crossings with one or more soil compactors and on the other hand by the location of the selected at the respective crossings tracks. Excessive driving over of the soil material to be compacted can lead to excessive compaction, which can lead to unevenness, especially in the event of uneven compaction over a larger area of soil. Similarly, too small a number of crossings result in insufficient compaction of the soil material to be compacted, which affects not only the quality of the finished soil in terms of its material structure, but also the flatness.

From the DE 10 2007 019 419 A1 For example, a method for determining the degree of compaction of a soil area to be compacted is known. In this method, it is concluded from various parameters determined during a compression process on the already achieved degree of compaction. The soil area to be compacted is repeatedly overrun until the degree of compaction reaches the desired level Has.

From the EP 0 761 886 A1 a method for compacting a ground area by means of a soil compactor is known in which, after defining the to be crossed by the soil compactor tracks during the compression process in a grid-like representation of how often the soil compactor has moved across predetermined areas of the area to be compacted away.

The US 2010/0087992 A1 discloses a method of compaction of a soil in which, during the performance of a compaction operation, the position of a soil compacter and the reaction of the soil to the compaction process are detected. Based on the information about in which previously compressed area the compression result does not match the compression result in other areas, the soil compactor is controlled to continue the compression operation.

The DE 694 16 006 T2 discloses a method of compaction of a subsurface in which the degree of compaction of the soil determined in the course of a compaction process is compared with a predetermined compaction degree and based on the result of the comparison, a soil compactor is controlled to achieve the desired compaction result.

It is the object of the present invention to provide a method for planning and carrying out soil compaction processes, in particular for asphalt compaction, by means of at least one soil compacter, with which an efficient compaction result can be achieved with efficient use of equipment used for soil compaction.

1. a) Definieren eines durch zwei in einer Bodenbereichslängsrichtung sich erstreckende Breitenrandbereiche begrenzten zu verdichtenden Bodenbereichs, wobei der Verlauf wenigstens eines Breitenrandbereichs des zu verdichtenden Bodenbereichs durch ein entlang des zu verdichtenden Bodenbereichs bewegtes, diesen in einem einem Verdichtungsvorgang vorangehenden Arbeitsschritt vorbereitendes Gerät ermittelt wird,
2. b) beruhend auf dem in der Maßnahme a) definierten Bodenbereich, Definieren eines Verdichtungsplans mit Anzahl und Verlauf von Bodenverdichterüberfahrten in dem Bodenbereich,
3. c) zum Durchführen des Verdichtungsvorgangs, Bewegen wenigstens eines Bodenverdichters in dem in der Maßnahme a) definierten Bodenbereich gemäß dem in der Maßnahme b) definierten Verdichtungsplan.

According to the invention, this object is achieved by a method for planning and implementing soil compaction processes, in particular for asphalt compaction, by means of at least one soil compactor according to claim 1. This method comprises the measures:

1. a) defining a bottom area to be compacted by two width edge areas extending in a bottom area longitudinal direction, wherein the course of at least one width edge area of the floor area to be compacted is determined by a device moving along the floor area to be compacted and preparing it in a step preceding a compacting operation,
2. b) based on the floor area defined in measure a), defining a compaction schedule with number and course of soil compactor crossings in the floor area,
3. c) for carrying out the compaction process, moving at least one soil compactor in the floor area defined in the measure a) according to the compaction plan defined in the measure b).

In the method according to the invention, this is already planned before carrying out a soil compaction process with regard to the relevant aspects and then carried out according to this plan, ie the compaction plan. This ensures that no unnecessarily large number of compressor crossings is performed, which on the one hand reduce the efficiency of the entire machining process, but on the other hand also bring about the problem of undefined compaction of the soil. With the previous planning can be precisely determined where one or more soil compactors as often has to be moved over the soil area to be compacted in order to achieve the desired goal, namely a certain degree of compaction, which should be as constant as possible over the area to be compacted.

In order to be able to further increase the efficiency in the method according to the invention and also to further improve the compression result It is proposed that the measure a) further comprises determining at least one soil compactor to be used for compacting the soil area, and that in the measure b) the compaction plan is further defined based on the at least one compaction compactor to be compacted. Taking into account the soil compactor to be used in the preparation of the compaction plan, it can be ensured that a desired degree of compaction can be achieved as quickly as possible or as precisely as possible.

• Verdichterwalzenbreite,
• Verdichtergewicht,
• Verdichtungsmodus,
• Hundegangfähigkeit.

In this case, the at least one soil compactor to be used for compacting the bottom region can be selected from a group in which the soil compactors contained therein differ in at least one of the following parameters:

• Compressor roll width,
• Compressor weight,
• Compression mode,
• Crab ability.

It should be noted here that the crabability describes whether or to what extent two compressor rollers of a soil compactor can be offset from each other transversely to the direction of travel of this soil compactor so that there is a region in which the two compressor rollers overlap and one for each roller Area exists, with which this laterally beyond the other roller protrudes.

For the definition of the ground area to be compacted or its geometric course, the width edge areas of the floor area or at least one of these width edge areas or the course thereof are of particular importance. By way of example, such a width edge region can form the starting basis in determining the course of soil compactor crossings.

It is therefore further provided according to the invention that at least one width edge region of the bottom region to be compacted is determined by a device moving along the area of the soil to be compacted and preparing it, preferably an asphalt paver. A device preparing the ground area, for example an asphalt paver to be compacted, moves precisely in that area in which a soil compactor is subsequently to be moved when carrying out a compaction process. With the movement of this device, so for example asphalt paver, it is thus easily possible to determine the course of at least one Breitenrandbereichs and use for the subsequent creation of the compaction plan.

The floor area to be compacted can be defined with regard to its floor area width, so that ultimately it can be determined how many adjacent floor compactor crossings are required at least or at most in order to be able to detect the floor area to be compacted completely or almost completely and sufficiently often. It goes without saying that the soil area to be compacted can also be determined in particular with regard to the material to be compacted, ie, for example, asphalt or the like, as well as its stratification or with regard to the degree of compaction desired when carrying out the soil compaction process.

To ensure that when passing over the soil area to be compacted with one or more soil compactors, the soil area can be completely detected and no areas occur in which lack of crossing the desired compression target is not achieved, it is proposed that in the measure b) the compaction plan with at least one group of soil compactor crossings is defined, wherein at least one group of soil compactor crossings includes a plurality of soil compactor crossings adjacent to soil region width direction and wherein at least two, preferably all immediately adjacent floor area crossings have overlapping crossing lanes. The overlap between immediately adjacent crossing lanes, taking into account that there is an unavoidable inaccuracy or blurring with respect to the surface area actually traveled during the advancement of a soil compactor, ensures that in fact every area can also be detected. In particular, the overlap is advantageously to be selected such that it is at least as large, advantageously larger, than the unavoidable blurring with respect to the actually detected surface areas when advancing a soil compactor.

Particularly advantageously, it is provided that in at least one group of soil compactor crossings all immediately adjacent crossing lanes each have a substantially equal overlap extent.

In order to ensure that when several groups of soil compactor crossings are required to achieve the desired degree of compaction, the overlap existing in the various groups between immediately adjacent crossing lanes will not be superimposed, ie the overlapping regions of different groups will actually be in other surface areas of the soil region to be compacted It is suggested that in at least one group of soil compactor crossings the immediately adjacent crossing lanes have a different degree of overlap with respect to at least one other group of soil compactor crossings.

Since, in general, a bottom area to be compacted is bounded by at least one width edge area, it is proposed for an efficient implementation of the method that at least one group of ground compactor crossings has at least one crossing track substantially flush along a width edge area of the floor area to be compacted to be led. The expression "substantially flush" should be used here to state that the guided track along the width edge region lies in such a way that substantially no surface area remains in the width edge region in which the material to be compacted is not detected during a soil compactor crossing, but nevertheless avoided is that a soil compactor with his or her compressor rollers unnecessarily far beyond the width edge region beyond in an area in which no soil material to be compressed is no longer present. However, if this is the case, for example, if there is no curb limiting the area to be compacted, a certain overhang can be specified in order, once again taking into account the unavoidable blurring in the advance of a soil compactor, to ensure that the entire soil area to be compacted is detected.

In order to achieve the most even possible compaction of the floor area, it is proposed that in at least one group of floor transom crossings, respectively one overpass track be guided substantially flush along a first width edge area and another overflow track substantially flush along a second width edge area of the floor area to be compacted and that at at least one group of soil compactor crossings, a crossing lane is guided substantially flush along the first width edge region, and / or at least one group of soil compactor crossings, a lane track is guided substantially flush along the second width edge region.

The or at least a portion of, preferably all of the lane lanes of at least one group of soil compactor crossings, preferably substantially all groups of soil compactor crossings, may be guided to extend substantially in the direction of a bottom region longitudinal direction, which may be substantially orthogonal to the bottom region width direction, for example.

wobei:

• n die Mindestbodenverdichterüberfahrtzahl und eine ganze Zahl ist,
• BB die Bodenbereichsbreite ist,
• VWB die Verdichterwalzenbreite ist,
• MÜA das Mindestüberlappausmaß ist,
• GÜST der Gesamtrandüberstand ist.

For an efficient and even compaction carrying out the method according to the invention, it is proposed that in measure b) a minimum bottom crossover number be determined on the basis of the bottom area width, the compressor roller width and a minimum overlap amount of immediately adjacent crossing lanes. In this case, the Mindestbodenverdichterüberfahrtzahl can be determined such that the following relationship is satisfied: $$\mathrm{BB}-\left(\mathrm{VWB}-\mathrm{M}\ddot{\mathrm{U}}\mathrm{A}\right)\le \mathrm{n}\times \mathrm{VWB}-\left(\mathrm{n}-\mathrm{1}\right)\times \mathrm{M}\ddot{\mathrm{U}}\mathrm{A}-\mathrm{G}\ddot{\mathrm{U}}\mathrm{ST}\le \mathrm{BB}.$$

in which:

• n is the minimum soil compactor crossing number and an integer,
• BB is the floor area width,
• VWB is the compressor roller width,
• MÜA is the minimum overlap,
• GÜST is the overall edge supernatant.

Here, it is taken into account that, in the case of a certain number of ground compactor crossings, the overlapping areas arising between these adjacent crossings or their crossing lanes are smaller by 1 than the number of crossing lanes, and that a remaining area area not covered by a crossing lane remains smaller is greater than the width of the compacting roller used for compaction. Here, too, of course, can also be taken into account that when one of the crossing lanes is guided along a width edge area, this crossing lane can be placed laterally with in a predetermined projection over the width edge area, to ensure that the width edge area is completely detected.

wobei:

• N die Maximalbodenverdichterüberfahrtzahl und eine ganze Zahl ist,
• BB die Bodenbereichsbreite ist,
• VWB die Verdichterwalzenbreite ist,
• MÜA das Mindestüberlappausmaß ist,
• GÜST der Gesamtrandüberstand ist.

Furthermore, for an efficient implementation of the method, it is proposed that in measure b) a maximum ground compressor crossover number is determined is based on the floor area width, the compressor roller width and a minimum overlap amount of immediately adjacent crossing lanes, wherein it may be provided that the maximum floor compressor crossing number is determined such that the following relationship applies: $$\mathrm{BB}\le \mathrm{N}\times \mathrm{VWB}-\left(\mathrm{N}-\mathrm{1}\right)\times \mathrm{M}\ddot{\mathrm{U}}\mathrm{A}-\mathrm{G}\ddot{\mathrm{U}}\mathrm{ST}\le \mathrm{BB}+\mathrm{VWB}.$$

in which:

• N is the maximum soil compactor crossing number and an integer
• BB is the floor area width,
• VWB is the compressor roller width,
• MÜA is the minimum overlap,
• GÜST is the overall edge supernatant.

Here, it is taken into account that, in particular, when immediately adjacent crossing lanes overlap in a degree corresponding to the minimum overlapping extent, essentially the entire floor area in the floor area width direction is detected by the actually provided crossing lanes, wherein here as well an overlap of the respective lane crossing track is taken into account in both width edge areas can be.

Advantageously, the maximum soil compactor crossing number and the minimum soil compactor excess differ by the number 1, so that in general can be considered: $$\mathrm{N}=\mathrm{n}+\mathrm{1.}$$

wobei:

• ÜA das Überlappausmaß ist,
• GÜST der Gesamtüberstand ist.

In particular, if it is intended to detect the entire floor area in the floor area width direction with a group of floor compactor crossings, in order to achieve a uniform distribution of the crossing lanes, it is proposed that in the case of a group of floor compressor crossings with maximum soil compactor crossing number one overflow track is guided substantially flush along a first width edge area and another overflow track is substantially flush along a second width edge area of the bottom area to be compacted and the overlap extent of immediately adjacent crossing lanes of this group of ground compressor crossings is determined such that substantially the following relationship applies : $$\mathrm{BB}+\mathrm{G}\ddot{\mathrm{U}}\mathrm{ST}=\mathrm{N}\times \mathrm{VWB}-\left(\mathrm{N}-\mathrm{1}\right)\times \ddot{\mathrm{U}}\mathrm{A}.$$

in which:

• ÜA is the degree of overlap,
• GÜST is the total supernatant.

Here, too, it can be taken into account that in one or both edge regions the guided overpass track can protrude laterally beyond the width edge region, in which case the size BB is to be added with the overall extent of the protrusion existing in the two edge regions. The consequence of this is that the then existing or available overlap extent of the individual crossing lanes is less than in the case in which there is no projection in one or possibly both width edge areas.

In the procedure according to the invention, at least one soil compactor passage, preferably all soil compactor crossings, may be defined to include a movement of at least one soil compactor to compress the soil area in a first direction of travel and a second direction of movement opposite the first direction of movement.

With such a definition of a soil compactor crossing, it must therefore be taken into account when compiling the compaction plan that during a soil compactor crossing the surface area of the area to be compacted is compacted twice by the soil compactor. If, for example, a soil compactor has two compressor rollers lying one behind the other in its advancing direction of movement, this means that ground compaction during a soil compactor crossing is achieved by a total of four roller crossings. Of course, it is also possible to define a soil compactor crossing differently. So every single roller crossing could be interpreted as a soil compactor crossing. If a soil compactor has two compacting rollers and moves once back and forth in the soil area to be compacted along a crossing lane, this results in a total of four soil compactor crossings being carried out with such a definition of a soil compactor crossing.

Fig. 1

in prinzipieller Seitenansicht einen Bodenverdichter mit zwei Verdichterwalzen,

Fig. 2

in Draufsicht einen zu verdichtenden Bodenbereich mit drei einander jeweils überlappenden Überfahrtspuren;

Fig. 3

ein Beispiel für eine Gruppe von Bodenverdichterüberfahrten mit einander jeweils überlappenden Überfahrtspuren, welche den zu verdichtenden Bodenbereich in seiner gesamten Bodenbereichsbreite erfassen;

Fig. 4

eine der Fig. 3 entsprechende Darstellung mit zwei Gruppen von Bodenverdichterüberfahrten, welche den zu verdichtenden Bodenbereich in Bodenbereichsbreitenrichtung jeweils nicht vollständig erfassen;

Fig. 5

eine den Fig. 3 und 4 entsprechende Darstellung mit Überstand im Breitenrandbereich.

The present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings. It shows:

Fig. 1

in a schematic side view of a soil compactor with two compressor rollers,

Fig. 2

in plan view to be compacted floor area with three mutually overlapping each crossing lanes;

Fig. 3

an example of a group of soil compactor crossings with each overlapping crossing lanes, which detect the soil area to be compacted in its entire floor area width;

Fig. 4

one of the Fig. 3 corresponding representation with two groups of soil compactor crossings, which do not fully capture the soil area to be compacted in the soil area width direction in each case;

Fig. 5

a the Fig. 3 and 4 corresponding representation with overhang in the wide edge area.

In Fig. 1 is shown in a schematic representation and in side view generally denoted by 10 soil compactor, which runs on a bottom region B to be compacted to compact the compacted soil material M of the bottom portion B in one or more soil compactors crossings. This material B may be, for example, in road construction asphalt material which is applied with a paving machine in one or more layers in the flowable state and is compacted before the complete hardening by or possibly more soil compactor 10.

In the example shown, the soil compactor 10 comprises two compressor rollers 12, 14, generally also referred to as bandages. The compressor roller 12 is rotatably supported on a front compressor frame 16 and, if necessary, also driven for rotation. The compressor roller 14 is rotatable on a rear compressor frame 18 and possibly also driven for rotation driven. The front frame 16 and the rear frame 18 are pivotally supported on a central frame 20 about respective vertical axes A ₁ and A ₂ by a pivot drive, not shown. On the one hand, this allows the directional control and, on the other hand, allows the setting of a so-called crab gear. In this case, the front roller 12 and the rear roller 14 in the lateral direction, ie in the illustration of Fig. 1 orthogonal to the plane of the drawing, offset from one another by nonetheless approximately parallel rolling axes of rotation. In this crab, therefore, the surface area of the bottom area to be compacted during the advancement of the soil compactor 10 is increased, with a partial area of this detected area being crossed by both compressor rollers 12, 14, while on both sides there are subareas which only from one of the two compressor rollers 12 , 14 are detected or overrun. It should be noted that, of course, this adjustability of the crab also by different design of the soil compactor can be achieved. For example, the entire compressor frame can be rigid in itself and the pivotability of the two compressor rollers 12, 14 about respective vertical pivot axes can be realized where the rollers are connected to the rigid rigid compressor frame supporting.

On the central compressor frame 20, a generally designated 22 cab with seating 24 and a display 26 is provided. By means of the display 26, the occupant seated on the seat 24 can be represented for a compaction process to be performed relevant information.

Via a radio unit generally designated 28, the soil compactor 10 may receive or transmit information from a central station or other soil compactor. Furthermore, the radio unit 28 may also be designed as a GPS unit in order to be able to obtain information about the positioning of the soil compactor 10 in space in this manner.

It should be noted here that in carrying out a compression process differently constructed soil compactors can be used. For example, these can be designed without the possibility of crabbing. The soil compactors may also differ in the number of compressor rollers present, and when a soil compactor has only one compactor roller, it may further generally have wheels used for propulsion at the rear frame portion. The soil compactors may continue to differ in the width of one or more of the existing compressor rolls, as well as in the weight of the compressor or the weight distribution on the two existing rollers.

An essential aspect in which such soil compactors may further differ is the compaction modes that can be performed therewith. These include various physical aspects with which in addition to the surface load occurring due to the weight load, the compression result achieved in a soil compactor passage can be influenced or adjusted. Such a compression mode may, for example, be a vibration mode in which, by a vibration mechanism provided in a respective compressor roller, the compressor roller is driven to vibrate substantially in the vertical direction. Another compression mode may include an oscillation operation in which a compressor roller is driven by an oscillating drive to vibrate circumferentially about its roller rotational axis. Of course, these different operating modes can also differ in the respective oscillation frequency or oscillation amplitude. In principle, it is also possible to provide an oscillation mode and a vibration mode in one and the same compressor roller. The compression modes may also include a static compression mode, that is, driving over with one or more compressor rolls without the additional generation of vibrational motions. It should be noted in this context that the term GPS (Global Positioning System) here represents a plurality of different, generally satellite-based operating systems, which offer the possibility in real time positioning of a unit equipped with such a unit, so for example a soil compactor or an asphalt paver or the like, and accordingly to provide this positioning or the movement history representing data or such data z. B. to use for controlling the Voranbewegung. Also, the driving over with one or more compressor rollers or alternatively or additionally one or more rubber wheels can be considered as each differentiating compression mode. In this case, it is also possible in particular to interpret a plurality of rubber wheels combined in groups and optionally also offset or overlapping one another in their entirety as one or more compressor rollers.

With the procedure described below, using a or more soil compactors, for example as in Fig. 1 shown in the Fig. 2 Bottom region B shown in plan view or the material M present there, for example asphalt, are compacted. In this case, the soil area B to be compacted is first defined with regard to various parameters. An essential parameter is the floor area width BB. Also, the bottom area length BL plays a substantial role in particular in the compaction of asphalt material, since it is an essential factor determining the area of the floor area to be compacted and it has to be taken into account that the compaction process has to be substantially completed before the material to be compacted is due to, for example Cooling has reached a state in which a further compression is practically unreachable. Depending on the area to be compacted, that is to say on the ground area length BL and the ground area width BB, it is thus possible to select how many soil compactors are used to carry out a compaction process and how fast they must be able to move forward. The different compression modes as well as the compressor weight or the compressor roller width and of course also the crab ability play a role in the selection of the soil compactors to be used.

In the selection of the soil compactor to be used, the structure of the material M to be compacted will generally also have to be taken into account or the desired result after the compression process has been carried out. Here, in particular in road construction, an asphalt model can be created in a manner known per se, in which the degree of compaction desired, taking account of the asphalt stratification, is determined. Taking into account this desired degree of compaction, the selection of one or more soil compactors to be used can then be made from a group of soil compactors which differ in at least one of the parameters mentioned above and specifying them. When selecting several soil compactors from the group can of course also identical soil compactors be used. This means that in the group of fundamentally different soil compactors, in each case several soil compactors of the same type can be kept ready. Further, considering this asphalt model, or more generally a model representing the compaction result, it may be determined how many passes are required with the one or more selected soil compaction compactors (s) to achieve the desired degree of compaction.

On the basis of these specifications, that is to say the specifications which on the one hand define the soil area to be compacted, for example with regard to its geometric condition and the desired compaction success, and on the other hand based on the selected soil compactor (s), then a compaction plan is created which pretends how the soil compactor (s) have to move in the soil area to be compacted to ensure that the desired success, namely a certain degree of compaction, can be achieved. This compilation of a compaction plan will be described below with reference to Fig. 3 to 5 described in detail.

The Fig. 3 shows a schematic representation of the compacted to bottom region B, which has the two in the Bodenbereichslängsrichtung R _L extending width edge regions BR ₁ and BR ₂ , for example, the edge regions of a road to be created. Between these two width edge regions BR ₁ and BR ₂ , the bottom region B extends with its bottom region width BB, wherein a bottom region width direction R _B, for example, is substantially orthogonal to the bottom region longitudinal direction R _L.

The course of the bottom region B to be compacted in the bottom region longitudinal direction R _L is, above all, the Fig. 2 shows, basically determined by the course of the two width edge regions BR ₁ and BR ₂ . It may therefore be advantageous for the preparation of the compaction plan in the manner described below, first these width edge areas BR ₁ and BR _{2 in} terms of their course and also their respective end in the Bodenbereichslängsrichtung R _L to define. This can be done, for example, based on map data generated by surveying work, in which the course of the ground area to be compacted, for example, a road to be created, is reproduced. In the procedure according to the invention, the progression of the width edge regions BR ₁ and BR ₂ or the course of at least one of these two width edge regions BR ₁ and BR _{2 is determined} in a work step preceding a compaction process. For this purpose, a device is used, which moves in such a preceding step in the later to be compacted bottom area B. For example, in the construction of a roadway, an asphalt paver may be used which, in the soil area B to be compacted below, produces asphalt material. By the two lateral end portions of the asphalt paver or the applied Ashaltdecke the width edge regions BR ₁ , BR ₂ can be defined. It is therefore possible, for example, to provide on at least one lateral area of such a device or asphalt paver at a position that substantially coincides with the lateral edge of a laid-out asphalt course, one or more GPS units which, as the device advances, positions the space of the lateral edge of the applied asphalt layer and thus also the spatial position of the respective width edge region BR ₁ or BR _{2 of} the soil area B to be compacted. This data can be transferred to a unit producing a compaction plan, that is to say, for example, the central unit, and then used there to define the width border areas BR ₁ , BR ₂ and thus also to define the ground area B to be compacted.

Corresponds to the total width of the bottom region B to be compacted, ie the lateral distance of the two width edge regions BR ₁ and BR _{2 of} the working width of such a device, so for example an asphalt paver, so at the two lateral areas of this device respectively the associated width edge area BR ₁ and BR ₂ detecting GPS units be provided so that in a Voranbewegungsvorgang both width edge regions BR ₁ , BR ₂ detected or their spatial position defining data can be determined and provided for the preparation of the compaction plan. Alternatively, it is also possible to metrologically detect only the position of a single of the width edge regions and then to calculate the position of the other width edge region by utilizing the knowledge of the width of the bottom region B. In particular, when the floor area B is so wide that a previous processing is not possible with a single device, so for example a single asphalt paver, for example, several such pavers can side by side and in the direction of production slightly offset from each other to each other directly adjacent to several asphalt layers to deploy, which then define in their entirety the bottom area B to be compacted. It is then possible for the two lateral edge regions BR ₁ , BR ₂ to be provided on the various devices moving along the respective width edge regions when the asphalt pavers are advancing.

In particular, when preparing to be compacted floor area B with multiple devices, so for example asphalt pavers, prepared by all these devices together floor area can be used in its entirety as the then to be compacted floor area B to the compaction plan then especially using this entire area to create limiting width border areas. Alternatively, it is possible to define an independent floor area B with respective width edge areas BR ₁ and BR ₂ in association with each individual one of the preparatory devices, in which case several such floor areas B to be occupied with a respective independent compaction plan are adjacent to one another and, for example, the width edge area BR ₁ of a floor area B substantially corresponds to the width edge area BR _{2 of} the immediately adjacent floor area B.

To create a compaction plan, for example, a first group G ₁ of ground area crossings BVÜ can be defined. Each Bodenbereichsüberfahrt BVÜ is assigned an overpass track ÜS, along which at a respective compactor crossing BVÜ, for example, the in Fig. 1 shown soil compactor 10 moves. By definition, by definition, for example, it may be provided that, in the case of a ground area crossing BVÜ, the floor area compressor 10 moves back once in a first direction of movement R ₁ and once in an opposite second direction of movement R ₂ . In this definition of a ground compressor crossing BVÜ, the soil compactor 10 therefore moves twice along the designated overpass lane ÜS at each soil compactor crossing BVÜ, which, when using the in-transit track ÜS Fig. 1 As shown in the bottom compactor 10, the surface area detected by a respective over-travel track ÜS is passed over four times by one compacting roller, namely twice by the compacting roller 12 and twice by the compacting roller 14.

In the Fig. 3 illustrated first group G ₁ of soil compactor crossings BVÜ a total of four comprises in the bottom region widthwise direction R _B offset from one another lying soil compactor crossings BVÜ _1a, BVÜ _1b BVÜ _1c and BVÜ _1d with respective crossing tracks ÜS _1a, ÜS _1b ÜS _1c and ÜS _1d. In this case, each crossing track ÜS corresponds in its width to the compressor roller area VWB of the compressor rollers 12 and 14, which move beyond the floor area B.

One recognizes in Fig. 3 in that, in the case of the first group G ₁ of ground compactor crossings BVÜ, in each case a crossing lane ÜS _1a or ÜS _1d is guided along a respective width edge region BR ₁ or BR ₂ . In this case, a respective side edge of the compressor roller 12 or 14 may be guided such that it is guided approximately exactly along the width edge region BR ₁ or BR ₂ . A certain projection can also be provided in order to ensure that, taking into account the unavoidable unevenness in the movement of the soil compactor 10, no surface area arises in which At a respective width edge region BR ₁ or BR _2, the material M can not or can not be compacted sufficiently.

It can be seen further that the crossing lanes ÜS _1a to ÜS _1d are laid so that immediately adjacent crossing lanes ÜS overlap each other with a respective overlap amount ÜA ₁ . This overlap amount ÜA ₁ is the _same for all three overlapping areas Ü _1ab , Ü _1bc , U _1cd between immediately adjacent overpass _{lanes ÜS} , so that a uniform distribution of the overpass lanes ÜS in ground area _{width direction} R _{B is} obtained.

The Fig. 4 shows two alternatively defined groups G ₂ and G ₃ of soil compaction crossings BVÜ. Each of these two groups G ₂ and G ₃ comprises a crossing lane ÜS or a ground compactor crossing BVÜ less than the first group G ₁ of ground compactor crossings. Thus, the second group G ₂ of soil compactor crossings BVÜ three soil compactor crossings BVÜ _{2a, 2b} and BVÜ BVÜ _2c each with a crossing track ÜS _{2a, 2b} and ÜS ÜS _2c. In the Fig. 4 On the left recognizable crossing lane ÜS _2a is guided so that it is guided either substantially exactly or with a certain projection along the width edge region BR ₁ . The individual crossing lanes ÜS _2a , ÜS _2b and ÜS _2c overlap each other with a Überlappausmaß ÜA ₂ , which may be selected so that it corresponds to a Mindestüberlappausmaß, but at least not less. The minimum overlap extent can be determined, for example, in such a way that, taking into account the movement inaccuracies that unavoidably occur during the advancement of a soil compactor, a state is avoided in which immediately adjacent crossings no longer overlap one another or have a non-drilled surface area between them.

It can be seen in the second group G ₂ that, for example, with the specification that the overlap amount ÜA _{2 is} in the range of the minimum overlap extent, with the three intended ground compressor crossings BVÜ _2a , BVÜ _2b and BVÜ _2c the soil area B to be compacted can not be detected in its entire ground area width BB. There remains an unbridged edge strip N ₂ .

The third group _G3 of the bottom area crossings BVÜ also has three soil compactor crossings BVÜ _{3a, 3b} and BVÜ BVÜ _3c respectively on a track crossing ÜS _{3a, 3b} and ÜS ÜS _3c. The Bodenverdichterüberfahrten BVÜ the third group G ₃ are placed so that the crossing lane ÜS _3c of in Fig. 4 is provided on the right or near the width edge region BR ₂ provided compactor crossing BVÜ _3c neither substantially exactly or with a projection along this width edge region BR ₂ .

The overlap amount ÜA ₃ provided in this third group G ₃ of soil compactor crossings BVÜ can also be selected at or near a minimum overlap extent in order to be able to detect the largest possible surface area in the bottom area width direction R _B with the three intended ground compressor crossings BVÜ _3a , BVÜ _3b and BVÜ _3c . Nevertheless, there is also an edge strip N ₃ , in which in the third group G ₃ of soil compactor crossings, the ground area B in the ground area width direction BB is not overrun and therefore not compacted.

The positioning, for example, of the second group G ₂ of soil compactor crossings BVÜ in a bottom region B shown in plan view is in FIG Fig. 2 shown. Evident is the guided along the width edge region BR ₁ crossing lane ÜS _2a as well as between the crossing lane ÜS _2c and the second second width edge region BR ₂ formed with this second group G ₂ of soil compactor crossings BVÜ not covered area N ₂ . The overlapping areas Ü _2ab and Ü _2bc between the crossing _{lanes ÜS 2a} and ÜS _2b on the one hand and the crossing _{lanes ÜS 2b} and ÜS _2c on the other hand can also be seen.

If necessary, several such groups G ₁ , G ₂ and G _{3 can be} superimposed to form a compaction plan, ie after can be processed each other. For example, the order could be such that first the group G _{1 is} processed, then the group G ₂ and then the group G ₃ . This has the consequence that the overlap regions Ü _1ab, T _1bc, T _1cd, T _2ab, T _2bc, T _3ab, T _3bc disregarding between immediately adjacent crossing tracks UEs in the bottom area width direction BB virtually any area of the bottom section B by three crossings is detected. If one also considers that in each of the groups G ₁ , G ₂ , G ₃ the overlapping areas Ü _1ab , Ü _1bc , Ü _1cd , Ü _2ab , Ü _2bc , Ü _3ab , Ü _3bc are present, in which a double crossing takes place, and one considers further that, what a comparison of the Fig. 3 and 4 clearly shows that in the various groups G ₁ , G ₂ , G ₃ formed overlap areas Ü _1ab , Ü _1bc , Ü _1cd , Ü _2ab , Ü _2bc , U _3ab , Ü _{3bc offset} in the width _direction R _B to each other, so this leads to a compaction plan, in which, in addition to the above-mentioned three soil _{compactors crossings} per unit area, almost all surface areas still another through the entirety of the overlap areas Ü _1ab , Ü _1bc , Ü _1cd , Ü _2ab , Ü _2bc , Ü _3ab , Ü _3bc resulting soil _{compactor crossing} is present, so that after processing of the three groups G ₁ , G ₂ and G _3, a large surface area of the bottom portion B was compacted with four soil compactors crossings BVÜ, while in particular near the edge regions BR ₁ and BR _2, a smaller number of soil compactors crossings is present, as well as in a few intermediate areas which are not covered by overlapping areas Ü _1ab , Ü _1bc , Ü _1cd , Ü _2ab , Ü _2bc , Ü _3ab , Ü _{3bc are} covered. In principle, however, a very uniform processing or compression of the material M in the bottom region B is achieved.

The Fig. 5 illustrated by two groups G ₂ 'and G ₁ ' of soil compactor crossings BVÜ the provision of a supernatant ÜST in one or both width edge region BR ₁ , BR _{2 of} the bottom region B. This supernatant can be chosen so that taking into account when moving a soil compactor forcibly Moving inaccuracies occurring is ensured that the entire surface in the bottom region B to the respective edge region BR ₁ or BR ₂ in a group is covered by soil compactor crossings. For example, the supernatant could be chosen to match the minimum overlap.

It can be seen in the group G ₂ ', which otherwise corresponds in principle to the group G ₂ , that the bottom left, so near the width edge region BR ₁ guided Bodenverdichterüberfahrt BVÜ _2a laterally beyond the width edge region BR ₁ with a supernatant ÜST, which here a total supernatant GÜST addition is guided standing. The consequence of this is that the otherwise identically formed group G ₂ of ground compressor crossings BVÜ is shifted to the left, ie in the direction of the wide edge region BR ₁ . This has the consequence that the unrecognized edge region N ₂ 'is greater than in the case in which the guided along the width edge region BR ₁ Bodenverdichterüberfahrt BVÜ _2a without the supernatant UST as closely as possible along this width edge region BR ₁ is performed.

At the in Fig. 5 also illustrated group G ₁ ', which otherwise corresponds in principle to the group G ₁ and has such a number of Bodenverdichterüberfahrten BVÜ that they can cover the entire width range of the bottom portion B, the two soil compactors crossings BVÜ _1a and BVÜ _1d are guided so that they overlap each associated width edge region BR ₁ and BR ₂ with the supernatant UST. Again, the respective supernatant ÜST can be chosen so that it corresponds to the minimum overlap extent. Thus, a total projection GÜST is formed here, which therefore essentially corresponds to twice the supernatant ÜST present at a respective width edge region BR ₁ or BR ₂ , that is also, for example, twice the minimum overlap extent. The consequence of the provision of this overall projection GÜST is that the overlap amount ÜA ₁ produced in the respective overlap areas is smaller than in the case of the group G ₁ of FIG Fig. 3 in which the soil compactor crossings BVÜ _1a and BVÜ _{1d are} guided substantially without overhang along the width edge regions BR ₁ and BR ₂ . When calculating the respective degree of overlap in a group, whether a supernatant ÜST is to be provided or not, this variable is either set to zero, namely, when there is essentially no projection to be provided, or taken into account with the respective value, namely, when working with a certain projection.

As already stated above, according to the previously established asphalt model, the number of soil compactor crossings or the individual crossings related to compressor rolls can be predetermined and then summarized in a compaction plan by corresponding superimposition of such groups of soil compactor crossings. It is understood that the combined in such a compaction plan soil compactor crossings or groups of soil compactor crossings can be positioned or designed differently than in the Fig. 3 . 4 and 5 shown. Thus, for example, a group of soil compactor crossings could be selected in which none of the crossing lanes is guided directly along a width edge region BR ₁ or BR ₂ . Furthermore, one or more of these groups could of course be provided multiple times in a compaction plan, wherein advantageously between a repeatedly repeated group of soil compactor crossings defined with another location of the crossing lanes group is to avoid that in two immediately successive crossings the thereby each formed overlap areas are guided exactly in the same area of the floor area.

After creating such a compaction plan with a corresponding definition of the location of the crossing lanes in the ground area B to be processed, this plan can be converted into a geodata model. This means that the crossing lanes ÜS, which initially run abstractly in the floor area B, are transmitted in geodata which describe the actual course of a respective crossing lane in the room. These data can then be transmitted to a particular soil compactor to be used, so that in the soil compactor itself the possibility is created of this along the existing now in geodata crossing lanes to move. This can take place fully automatically, for example, by taking into account the GPS signals received via the radio receiving unit 28 and by corresponding comparison with the geodata of a respective crossing lane present in the compressor 10, automatic steering of the soil compactor 10 takes place without a significant interaction of an operator being required , In an alternative approach, the course of the crossing lanes could be displayed on the display 26, as well as the positioning of the soil compactor 10 or its travel lane so that an operator 10 is able to communicate with the soil compactor 10 along the lanes of traffic indicated on the display 26 to move as small a deviation as possible. In this case, the course of the movement of the soil compactor 10 can then be recorded and held as data to subsequently have the opportunity to check whether the soil compactor 10 was actually carried out with the required precision along the specified in the compaction plan crossing lanes when performing a compaction process. In this case, of course, data can also be stored, which further specify the compression process performed, for example, data concerning the compression mode of a particular compressor used or even possible errors such. B. the failure of a required for the setting of a compressor mode system area such. B. a vibration mechanism or an oscillation mechanism.

The unit producing the compaction plan, that is to say, for example, the central station which optionally also receives the data on the course of the width edge areas, does not necessarily have to be provided separately from a soil compactor used for soil compaction. It may, for example, also be provided on a soil compactor and use the information generated by converting the respective traffic lanes into geodata to guide a compressor along a respectively provided traffic lane or to display corresponding information. Furthermore, there is also the possibility that such provided at a compressor central station with others in this or another to Compressing soil compaction ground compressors communicate in order to transmit to them the required geo data for their respective compaction process of the traffic lanes based on the respective compaction plans for such compressors.

Claims (19)

1. Method for planning and carrying out soil compaction processes, in particular for asphalt compaction, by means of at least one soil compactor, comprising the following measures:

   a) defining a soil area to be compacted (B), limited by two width border areas (BR₁; BR₂) extending in a soil area longitudinal direction (R_L), wherein to this purpose the path of at least one width border area (BR₁, BR₂) of the soil area to be compacted (B) is determined by a device moved along the soil area to be compacted (B) for carrying out a soil preparation working measure preceding the compaction process,

   b) on the basis of the soil area (B) defined in measure a), defining a compaction plan with the number and path of soil compaction passages (BVÜ) in the soil area (B),

   c) for carrying out the compaction process, moving at least one soil compactor (10) in the soil area (B) defined in measure a) according to the compaction plan defined in measure b).
2. Method according to claim 1,
   characterized in that measure a) further comprises the determination of at least one soil compactor (10) to be used for the compaction of the soil area (B) and in that in measure b) the compaction plan is furthermore defined on the basis of the at least one soil compactor (10) to be used for the compaction.
3. Method according to claim 2,
   characterized in that the at least one soil compactor (10) used for the compaction of the soil area (B) is selected out of a group of soil compactors, varying as to the following parameters:

   - compactor roller width,

   - compactor weight,

   - compaction mode,

   - ability for crab steering.
4. Method according to one of claims 1 to 3,
   characterized in that at least one width border area (BR₁, BR₂) of the soil area to be compacted (B) is determined by an asphalt finisher moved along the soil area to be compacted (B).
5. Method according to one of claims 1 to 4,
   characterized in that in measure a) the soil area to be compacted (B) is defined with regard to a soil area width (BB).
6. Method according to claim 5,
   characterized in that in measure b) the compaction plan is defined with at least one group (G) of soil compaction passages (BVÜ), wherein at least one group (G) of soil compaction passages (BVÜ) comprises a plurality of soil compaction passages (BVU) next to each other in a soil area width direction (R_B) and wherein at least two, preferably all directly adjacent soil compaction passages (BVÜ) have overlapping passage tracks (ÜS).
7. Method according to claim 6,
   characterized in that in at least one group (G) of soil compaction passages (BVÜ) all directly adjacent passage tracks (ÜS) have a substantially equal extent of overlapping (ÜA).
8. Method according to claim 6 or 7,
   characterized in that in at least one group (G) of soil compaction passages (BVÜ) the directly adjacent passage tracks (ÜS) have a different extent of overlapping (ÜA) in relation to at least one other group (G) of soil compaction passages (BVU).
9. Method according to one of claims 6 to 8,
   characterized in that at least two groups (G₁, G₂, G₃) of soil compaction passages (BVÜ₁, BVÜ₂, BVÜ₃) are defined with a different number of soil compaction passages (BVÜ₁, BVÜ₂, BVÜ₃) or/and a different positioning of the passage tracks (ÜS₁, ÜS₂, ÜS₃).
10. Method according to one of claims 6 to 9,
    characterized in that in at least one group (G) of soil compaction passages (BVÜ) at least one passage track (ÜS) is substantially flush along a width border area (BR) of the soil area to be compacted (B).
11. Method according to claim 10,
    characterized in that in at least one group (G₁) of soil compaction passages (BVÜ₁) at least one passage track (ÜS_1a) is substantially flush along a first width border area (BR₁) and another passage track (ÜS_1d) is substantially flush along a second width border area (BR₂) of the soil area to be compacted (B) and in that in at least one group (G₂) of soil compaction passages (BVÜ₂, BVÜ₃) a passage track (ÜS_2a) is substantially flush along the first width border area (RB₁) or/and in that in at least one group (G₃) of soil compaction passages (BVÜ₃) a passage track (ÜS_3c) is substantially flush along the second width border area (BR₂).
12. Method according to one of claims 6 to 11,
    characterized in that in at least one group (G) of soil compaction passages (BVÜ), preferably in substantially all groups (G) of soil compaction passages (BVÜ), at least part of, preferably all passage tracks (ÜS) are guided substantially in a soil area longitudinal direction (R_L).
13. Method according to claim 3 and claim 5 or one of claims 6 to 12, if referring to claim 3 and claim 5,
    characterized in that in measure b) a minimum number of soil compaction passages (n) is determined on the basis of the soil area width (BB), the compactor roller width (VWB) and a minimum extent of overlapping (MÜA) of directly adjacent passage tracks (ÜS).
14. Method according to claim 13,
    characterized in that the minimum number of soil compaction passages (n) is determined so that the following relation is substantially fulfilled: $$\mathrm{BB}-\left(\mathrm{VWB}-\mathrm{M}\ddot{\mathrm{U}}\mathrm{A}\right)\le \mathrm{n}\times \mathrm{VWB}-\left(\mathrm{n}-\mathrm{1}\right)\times \mathrm{M}\ddot{\mathrm{U}}\mathrm{A}-\mathrm{G}\ddot{\mathrm{U}}\mathrm{ST}\le \mathrm{BB},$$

    

    with:

    n being the minimum number of soil compaction passages and an integral number,

    BB being the soil area width,

    VWB being the compactor roller width,

    MÜA being the minimum extent of overlapping,

    GÜST being the total border overhang.
15. Method according to claim 3 and claim 5 or one of claims 6 to 14, if referring to claim 3 and claim 5,
    characterized in that in measure b) a maximum number of soil compaction passages (N) is determined on the basis of the soil area width (BB), the compactor roller width (VWB) and a minimum extent of overlapping (MÜA) of directly adjacent passage tracks (ÜS).
16. Method according to claim 15,
    characterized in that the maximum number of soil compaction passages (N) is determined so that the following relation is substantially fulfilled: $$\mathrm{BB}\le \mathrm{N}\times \mathrm{VWB}-\left(\mathrm{N}-\mathrm{1}\right)\times \mathrm{MUA}-\mathrm{G}\ddot{\mathrm{U}}\mathrm{ST}\le \mathrm{BB}+\mathrm{VWB},$$

    

    with:

    N being the maximum number of soil compaction passages and an integral number,

    BB being the soil area width,

    VWB being the compactor roller width,

    MÜA being the minimum extent of overlapping,

    GÜST being the total border overhang.
17. Method according to claim 14 and claim 16, characterized in that the following relation is fulfilled: $$\mathrm{N}=\mathrm{n}+\mathrm{1.}$$

    
18. Method according to claim 16 or 17,
    characterized in that in a group (G₁) of soil compaction passages (BVÜ₁) with a maximum number of soil compaction passages (N) at least one passage track (ÜS_1a) is substantially flush along a first width border area (BR₁) and another passage track (ÜS_1d) is substantially flush along a second width border area (BR₂) of the soil area to be compacted (B) and in that the extent of overlapping (ÜA) of directly adjacent passage tracks (ÜS_1a, ÜS_1b, ÜS_1c, ÜS_1d) of this group (G₁) of soil compaction passages (BVÜ₁) is determined so that the following relation is substantially fulfilled: $$\mathrm{BB}+\mathrm{G}\ddot{\mathrm{U}}\mathrm{ST}=\mathrm{N}\times \mathrm{VWB}-\left(\mathrm{N}-\mathrm{1}\right)\times \ddot{\mathrm{U}}\mathrm{A},$$

    

    with:

    ÜA being the extent of overlapping,

    GÜST being the total border overhang.
19. Method according to one of claims 1 to 18,
    characterized in that at least one compaction passage (BVÜ), preferably all compaction passages (BVÜ), comprise a movement of at least one soil compactor used for compaction of the soil area (B) in a first direction of movement (R₁) for the forward movement and in a second direction of movement (R₂) opposed to the first direction of movement (R₁) for the backward movement.

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