EP2843151B1

EP2843151B1 - Roof window, at least pivoting

Info

Publication number: EP2843151B1
Application number: EP14182380.7A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Tomasz Gruca; Waclaw Majoch; Henryk Musial
Original assignee: Fakro PP Sp zoo
Current assignee: Fakro PP Sp zoo
Priority date: 2013-08-28
Filing date: 2014-08-27
Publication date: 2019-07-31
Anticipated expiration: 2034-08-27
Also published as: EP2843151A3; PL405156A1; PL236004B1; EP2843151A2

Description

The invention relates to a roof window, at least pivoting, i.e. being opened by rotation of the sash around a horizontal axis located in the middle zone of the height of the window. The invention also relates to dual-action windows, or windows being opened as pivoting or as tilting, that is by rotation of the sash around a horizontal axis located near the top edge of the window.
State of the art. Patent description No. PL 214536 (published under publication number PL387856 ) discloses a roof window, having a window frame fixed by runners penetrating the roof structure basically perpendicularly to its surface, the runners being covered on the side with a thin layer of thermal insulation. Significant part of the window frame protrudes above the roof's surface, causing escape of heat from the attic outwards through the window frame; moreover, the fixing runners form thermal bridges, also facilitating escape of heat from the attic. In known roof windows being opened at least as pivoting, called also pivot windows or reversible windows, the hinges, in which the sash is mounted, are immersed into the window between the side members of the window frame and the sash, forming thermal bridges with a high share of metal parts.
Essence of the solution. A roof window at least pivoting, has a window frame consisting of a top frame member, a bottom frame member and two side frame members. It has also a window sash with a glazing unit, opened at least in a pivoting way, i.e. by rotation of the sash, by at least right angle, around a horizontal axis located between the top and bottom member of the window frame, so as to in every phase of the window opening process, part of the sash runs through the opening in the window frame. The window according to the invention has at least two sets of hinges, in which the window sash is installed, situated at both side edges of the window sash, preferably above the middle of the height of the sash, defined as "pivoting hinges". Centres of mass of the elements of these hinges that mate with the sash are situated above the external surface of the glazing unit, when the window is closed. The window is also equipped with shields for gaps between the sash and the window frame, including side gaps, and with sealing sets in these gaps. The pivoting hinges are placed under the shields of the side gaps, while the shields may be divided in the pivoting hinges zone. The window has also sets for locking the sash in relation to the window frame, in the closed position of the window.
The sash of the roof window has walls made of a material with a low thermal conductivity, particularly of a plastic, adjacent at least to the side surfaces of the glazing unit, in at least part of the length of side edges of the sash. The walls form the frame of the sash surrounding the glazing unit from all four sides. Elements of fittings of the window, such as hinges, handles, bolts, have no construction elements running from one side of the glazing unit to the other, or elements, which would be situated in the window partially on the external side of the roof, and partially on the attic side. In the sash of the roof window, its walls adjacent to the side surfaces of the glazing unit, may extend towards the internal side of the sash when the window is closed, i.e. towards the attic, and in these wall extensions, there are longitudinal fitting grooves, situated on the external side of these walls, in relation to the glazing. The fitting grooves in these walls of the sash are intended for elements sliding along the sash belonging to the set for side locking the sash in the window frame. Side locking of the sash, in order to close the window, replaces or supplements the locking sets situated on a horizontal frame member, usually the bottom one.
Walls made of a material with a low thermal conductivity, adjacent in the sash of the window to the side surfaces of the glazing unit, are thin, and in consequence the glazing unit occupies almost whole width of the sash. The distance between the edges of the glazing unit and the internal surfaces of the side members of the window frame is not longer than three times the width of the side gap between the window frame and the window sash. The distance is also not longer than 20 millimetres. When the window is closed, these walls are extended outside of the glazing unit, and thickened there; in the thickening, a longitudinal duct is situated, running in parallel to the side edge of the glazing unit. The side walls of the sash have reinforcing inserts, particularly metal, placed in the duct, at the external side of the glazing unit, at least in the middle section of the length of the sash. The reinforcing inserts are connected with moving subsets of the pivoting hinges, and they serve the purpose of - apart from reinforcing the walls - distribution of load transfer zone onto a larger section of the reinforced wall. In the aspect in which the walls made of a material with a low thermal conductivity surround the glazing unit from at least three sides, forming the frame of the sash, longitudinal ducts in the walls and reinforcing inserts placed in them, are in side members of the sash frame.
The window frame of the roof window according to the invention has at least one structural element connecting it with the roof. This element of the window frame rests on the surface of its members, at the external side of the window, and protrudes beyond the outline of the window frame members, at least in two opposite directions, particularly to the sides. The structural element of the window frame connecting it with the roof, is particularly a support flashing, adjacent to at least three of the window frame members, including both side members. Preferably, the window frame has walls made of a material with a low thermal conductivity, particularly of a plastic, situated in its frame members, along the support flashing, transversely to its surface resting on the roof. The walls are situated in the window frame members at least from the side of the window sash. They may be also two walls in every window frame member, or in some of them, one from the side of the sash, and the other one - from the side of the roof opening, in which the window frame is seated. Outside the walls situated from the side of the window sash, or between the walls, if there are two wall in the window frame member, the window frame has a filling made of an insulating material, which is not a support element, but only insulates thermally.
In a first aspect of the invention, the roof window is being opened only in the pivoting mode. The pivoting hinges are fixed to the structural element of the window frame, connecting the frame with the roof, particularly to the support flashing, more precisely, to those sections of the flashing, which rest on the side members of the window frame. With such a mounting, components of these hinges mating with the window frame flashing are immobile. However, the subsets and parts mating with the window sash move together with the sash. Preferably, the pivoting hinges are situated as a whole at the external side of the window.
In a second aspect of the invention, the roof window is a dual action window, that is, apart from the opening in the pivoting mode described above, the window may be also opened in a tilting mode, i.e. by rotation of the sash around an axis located near the top edges of the window. In this aspect, the roof window has a second pair of hinges apart from the pivoting hinges, the second hinges being situated near the top edge of the window and defined hereinafter as "tilting hinges", while the pivoting hinges are fixed at the ends of arms connecting them with the tilting hinges. The arm connecting the tilting hinges with the pivoting hinges, are situated at the external side of the window, under the shields of the side gaps.
In both aspects of the invention, the glazing unit in the sash of the roof window preferably contains more than two panes, separated at their perimeter with internal frames, supplemented by sealing laid around them. The purpose of the internal frames is to maintain the distance between the individual panes of the glazing unit and to form cavities filled with gas, which constitute thermal insulation. At least one pane of the glazing unit, situated at the external side of the window when it is closed, is extended in relation to other panes of the glazing unit, overlapping, in a closed window, the bottom sash member of the window frame. It provides a drainage for rainwater, flowing on the pane beyond the window frame, onto the roof plane below the window. The bottom window sash member is lowered in relation to the side members of the window frame, correspondingly to the thickness of the extended pane.
Apart from the walls adjacent to the side surfaces of the glazing unit or the sash frame, made of a material with a low thermal conductivity, particularly of a plastic, the roof window has also an additional frame of the sash, particularly wooden, situated at the internal side of the glazing unit, when the window is closed. On the additional frame of the sash, elements locking the window sash in a closed position are installed, such as a handle, a bolt latch, or other known locking elements. Optionally, internal accessories of the window sash may be installed on the additional frame of the sash, for instance textile roller shutters, together with their system for unrolling and storage in the rolled-up state.
Also the window frame of the roof window may have an additional frame of the window frame, particularly wooden, situated at the internal side of the window. On the additional frame of the window frame, elements locking the window are installed, mating with locking elements corresponding to them, seated on the frame of the sash. For example, it is a bolt socket, mating with the bolt of the handle seated in the additional frame of the sash.
Embodiments. Embodiments of a roof window at least pivoting, being the subject of the invention, are presented in the drawing, with the individual Figures showing:

Fig. 1 - The window being opened only in the pivoting mode, in a partially opened state - in an axonometric view.
Fig. 2 - A cross-sectional view through the side members of the sash and the window frame, and through a pivoting hinge of the window from Fig. 1.
Fig. 3 - A cross-section through the bottom members of the sash and window frame of the window from Fig. 1.
Fig. 4 - The window frame of the window from Fig. 1 with the pivoting hinges - in an axonometric view.
Fig. 5 - The window frame of a dual-action window, being opened as pivoting or tilting, with the hinges set - in an axonometric view.
Fig. 6 - Distribution of isotherms on a cross-section of a window from state of art.
Fig. 7 - Distribution of isotherms on a cross-section of the window according to the invention, installed within the roof structure.

Example 1. A roof window, opened in a single-action mode, as a pivoting window, has a window sash 1, with a glazing unit 2, connected, in order to open the window pivotally, with a window frame 3, which is fixed to the roof structure through its support flashing 4. The window sash 1 has thin side walls 11 at least on its sides, made of a plastic, serving the purpose of side sash frame members, and adjacent to the side edges of the glazing unit 2 at their whole length. Preferably, the plastic walls are situated also at the top and bottom edges of the glazing unit, while the cross-section of walls in these sections may be different than on the sides of the sash. The glazing unit 2 is composed of four single panes 21, separated with internal frames 22, located at the perimeter of these panes and supplemented by a sealing 23, laid around these frames. The purpose of the internal frames 22 is to maintain the distance between the individual panes 21 of the glazing unit 2, and together with the sealing 23, these frames form gas cavities between the panes 21, the cavities constituting thermal insulation of the window sash.
The window sash 1 of the window opened in the pivoting mode, is connected with the window frame 3 via the pivoting hinges 5, fixed onto the window frame in the middle zone of the height of the window, usually slightly below the middle of the window. In the window opened in the pivoting mode, the window sash 1, in its every position is located inside the window frame 3, at least with its middle part connected by pivoting hinges 5 with the window frame. In the open state of the pivoting window, irrespective of its angle of opening, the lower part of the sash is outside the building, while the upper part of the sash is inside, in the attic. In a closed window, the whole window sash 1 is situated in the opening of the window frame 3, in parallel to the frame. The pivoting hinges 5 are situated at the external side of the window, so as to centres of mass of moving elements 51 of these hinges mating with the sash, are situated above the glazing unit 2, when the window is closed.
As thin side plastic walls 11 are used as the side members of the sash, the glazing unit 2 has a very large share in the whole width of the sash 1, the width of the glazing unit 2 being almost equal to the width of the opening in the window frame. The distance P between the edges of the glazing unit 2 and the inside surfaces of the side members of the window frame is not longer than three times the width S of the gap between the window frame and the window sash, and it is not longer than 20 millimetres. Above the glazing unit 2, or outside the window, the side wall 11 is thickened, and a duct 12 running along the whole side wall is located in the thickening. In the duct 12, a reinforcing insert 13 is placed, particularly a metal insert, of bended plate, situated in the middle section of length of the side wall 11 of the sash. The reinforcing insert 13 is connected with a moving part 51 of the pivoting hinges 5, using threaded fasteners 52, being self-tapping screws, penetrating the top wall of the duct 12 in the side wall 11 of the sash. The reinforcing insert 13 reinforces and stiffens the side wall 11 of the sash, particularly in its connection point with the moving part 51 of the pivoting hinges 5. Length of the reinforcing insert 13 and proportion of its length to the length of the side wall 11 of the sash, is selected depending on dimensions and mass of the whole sash 1.
The window frame 3 has a form of a rectangular frame with the following main elements: two side window frame members 31, a top window frame member 32 and a bottom window frame member 33. Both side window frame members 31 have thin walls 34 with a low thermal conductivity, made of a plastic, situated in the window frame from the side of the sash 1 of the window, while the main bulk of side window frame members 31 is formed by a filling made of an insulating material, particularly a porous material. In the walls 34, T-shaped grooves 35 are situated along the window frame members, and in these grooves, weather strips 36 are mounted, with freely moving flaps adjacent, in a closed window, to the side surfaces of the sash 1.
In parallel to the walls 34 of the side window frame members 31, the side walls 11 of the sash 1 have an extension 14 towards the internal side of the window when it is closed, i.e. towards the inside of the attic. In the extensions 14 of the side walls 11, longitudinal fitting grooves 15, are located, situated at the external side of these walls, in relation to the glazing unit 2. The fitting grooves 15 in the side walls 11 of the sash are intended for elements sliding along the sash belonging to the set for side locking (not shown in the Figure) of the sash 1 in the window frame 3.
The window frame 3 has a support flashing 4 in the form of an open frame, placed at the external side of the window on the side window frame members 31 and the top window frame member, connecting the window frame with the roof structure. A wall 34 is connected with the support flashing 4, the wall being adjacent to the side window frame member 31 and having a connecting lip 37 situated above the frame member 31, laid on the internal lip 41 of the support flashing. The filling of the side window frame members 31 is glued both to the plastic walls 34, and to the support flashing 4 of the window frame. The top member of the window frame (not shown in the cross-section) is built in the same way, and the wall of the frame member situated from the side of the window sash, is connected with the walls 34 of the side members at its ends, forming, together with them, a frame surrounding the opening in the window frame for a sash 1 from at least three sides.
The support flashing 4, while being adjacent from the external side of the window to the side members 31 and the top member 32 of the window frame, protrudes beyond the outline of these members sideways and towards the upper section of the roof plane, and it is founded on the roof supporting structure 6 with this protruding part, on horizontal tile battens 61, being a support for roofing-tiles 62, while the tile battens rest on counter battens 63 laid on rafters 64, being the base supporting elements of the roof structure. The support flashing 4 has a lip on its sections laid on the side members 31 and on the top member 32 of the window frame, the lip forming an open installation frame 42 on these three sections of the flashing. The open installation frame serves the purpose of connection of the detailing 65 of the window with the support flashing 4, the detailing being installed in the roof structure, while the purpose of the detailing is to seal the mounting of the window in the roof structure.
To the support flashing 4, on its side sections, which rest on the side members 31 of the window frame, at the external side of the window, stationary parts 53 of the pivoting hinges 5 are fixed, situated slightly above the middle of the length of the side members 31 of the window frame (the drawing - Fig. 4). In the pivoting hinges 5, both their stationary parts 53 and moving parts 51, mating with the sash 1 of the window, as well as axes 54 of the hinge, are situated above the support flashing 41, as well as above the glazing unit 2 in the sash 4 of the window, the unit consisting of four panes separated with internal frames. Only a small strip 55 belonging to the moving part 51 of the pivoting hinge, enters partially the space between the side member 31 of the window frame and the side wall 11 of the sash 1, in order to stabilise this part of the hinge on the sash 1.
The window has also a set of shields 7 for the gaps between the window frame 3 and the sash 1, and each of these shields covers the side member 31 or the top member 32 of the window frame, together with that elements of the sash which corresponds to this frame member. Every of the shields covering the side window frame members 31 consists of two sections, i.e. a bottom section 71 situated between the pivoting hinges 5 and the bottom window frame member 33, and a top section 72 situated between the pivoting hinges 5 and the top window frame member 32. The bottom sections 71 of the shields are fixed on the lower part of the sash 1, and during opening of the window, they move together with the sash towards the exterior of the roof. The top sections 72 of the shields are fixed immovably to the window frame 3. In a closed window, the top and bottom sections of the shields are positioned along the side members of the window frame, and the bottom ends of the top sections 72 overlap the top ends of the bottom sections 71 of the shields, ensuring the downflow of water from precipitations. The pivoting hinges 5, both in stationary parts 53 and movable parts 51, are situated as a whole under the shields 7. On the top member 32 of the window frame, there is a top shield 73 fixed to this frame member. In the glazing unit 2 mounted in the sash 1, one pane 21 situated at the external side of the window when it is closed, has an extension 24, protruding beyond the other panes 21 of the glazing unit, the extension overlapping the bottom member 33 of the window frame in a closed window, providing a drainage for rainwater, flowing down on the pane, beyond the window frame.
Apart from thin plastic walls 11 adjacent to the side surfaces of the glazing unit 2, the window sash 1 of the roof window has also an additional wooden frame of the sash 17, situated on the internal side of the glazing unit 2 when the window is closed. Also the window frame 3 has an additional wooden frame 38 of the window frame, situated on the internal side of the window. The bottom member of this additional frame is the bottom member 13 of the whole window frame. In the bottom member 18 of the additional frame of the sash 17, a handle 8 is installed, and in the duct hollowed in this member, there are horizontal pushers 81 terminated with bolts, shifted out sideways, in both directions, from the additional frame of the sash. In a bolted state of the window, these bolts are inserted into their respective bolt sockets, situated in side members of the additional frame 38 of the window frame. On the additional frame of the sash 17, internal accessories of the window sash may be installed, for instance textile roller shutters, with their system for unrolling and storage in the rolled-up state.
Example 2. A dual-action roof window, opened as a pivot window or as a tilt window, has a window sash 1 with a glazing unit 2, and window frame 3 with a support flashing 4, identical as in the first embodiment - therefore the following Figures of the drawing remain valid for this example: 1, 2 and 3, in the scope showing these subsets of the window. The hinges connecting the window frame with the sash are realised in a different way, because of two functions of opening the window.
In the pivoting hinges, their movable elements 51 mating with the sash 1 are identical as in the first embodiment, and they are also identically connected with the sash through a reinforcing insert 13. However, there are no stationary elements of the hinges fixed to the window frame in this embodiment - they are replaced by intermediate hinge elements 56, installed at the ends of intermediate arms 57, which are connected with the support flashing 4 of the window frame 3 through tilting hinges 58, situated near the top member 32 of the window frame. Centres of mass of every element of the dual-action hinge set, i.e. the movable element 51, the intermediate hinge element 56, both in a pivoting hinge, the intermediate arm 57 and the tilting hinge 58, are located above the support flashing, and at the same time, these elements are situated under the shields 7.
The intermediate arms 57 of the hinge set in a dual-action window either rest on the window frame member, or are raised above the window frame 3, depending on the opening function of the window. They are shown in Fig. 5, and for the sake of demonstration, the left-hand arm is shown as raised, and the right-hand arm - as resting on the window frame. Actually, both intermediate arms have the same position, on both sides of the window. During pivoting opening, the intermediate arms 57 rest on the window frame along the side members 31, and the window sash rotates in the pivoting hinges, that is the movable elements 51 of these hinges rotate in relation to the intermediate hinge elements 56, as in the first embodiment. During tilting opening, the window sash rotates in the tilting hinges 58, and the intermediate arms 57 raise together with the sash.
The shields on both side members of the window frame have bottom 71 and top 72 sections, identical as in the first embodiment, while the bottom sections 71 are fixed on the lower part of the sash 1, and the top sections 71 - on the intermediate arms 57. During opening of the window in the pivoting mode, the bottom sections 71 of the shields move together with the lower part of the sash 1 towards the exterior of the roof, and the top sections 72 of these shields rest immovably, together with the intermediate arms, on the window frame 3, as shown in Fig. 1. During opening of the window in the tilting mode, both the bottom sections 71 and the top sections 72 of the shields move together with the whole sash 1 towards the exterior of the roof, and the respective position of the bottoms shields 71 in relation to the top shields 72 is the same as in a closed window.
Advantages of the invention. A window according to the invention has an improved thermal performance, resulting from the introduction of important changes. The first change is placement of the hinges outside the window, above the glazing unit and the window frame, eliminating thermal bridges present in the hitherto used solution of the hinges. The second change is fixing the window in the roof using a support flashing, resting on the window frame members, also on the external side of the window, enabling to immerse the window frame and the window sash into the layered structure of the roof.
It is illustrated by isotherm plots in Figs. 6 and 7 of the drawing, where Fig. 6 shows distribution of isotherms on a cross-section of the window from state of art, and Fig. 7 - distribution of isotherms on a cross-section of the window according to the invention. In a known window, a concentration of isotherms occurs, particularly nearly the confluence of the side surface of the window frame with the surface resting on the batten of the roof structure (Fig. 7), proving an intense and fast heat flow via this way from the attic to the outside, and therefore, heat losses. In a window according to the invention, distribution of isotherms is uniform, and distances between them are longer, indicating that the heat flow rate is lower, or heat losses are smaller, and thermal performance of the window is better.

Claims

A roof window, at least pivoting, equipped with a window frame (3) consisting of a top window frame member (32), a bottom window frame member (33) and two side window frame members (31), and having a window sash (1) with a glazing unit (2), which can be opened at least in a pivoting way, i.e. by rotation of the sash around a horizontal axis located between the top (32) and the bottom (33) member of the window frame, so that in every phase of the window opening, part of the sash (1) runs through the opening in the window frame (3);
the window having two sets of hinges (5) in which the window sash (1) is installed, situated at both side edges of the window, preferably above the middle of the height of the sash, defined as "pivoting hinges",
the window further comprising sash locking sets for locking the window in a closed position, shields (7) for covering the gaps between the sash (1) and the window frame (3), including side gaps, and sealing sets in these gaps,
wherein the pivoting hinges (5) are placed under said shields (7) of the side gaps, said shields (7) being divided in the pivoting hinge zone
wherein the window sash (1) has side walls (11) made of a material with a low thermal conductivity, adjacent to the side surfaces of the glazing unit (2) at least in part of length of the side edges of the sash (1), while these side walls form a frame of the sash surrounding glazing unit (2),
characterised in that the centres of mass of the elements of the pivoting hinges (5), mating with the sash (1), are situated above the external surface of the glazing unit (2) when the window is closed and in that the distance (P) between the edges of the glazing unit (2), and the inside surfaces of the side members (31) of the window frame (3) facing the gap is not longer than three times the width (S) of the gap between the window frame (3) and the window sash (1), and is not longer than 20 millimetres.
A roof window, according to claim 1, characterised in that the side walls (11) adjacent to the side surfaces of the glazing unit have extensions (14) towards the internal side of the sash when the window is closed, and these extensions have fitting grooves (15) for sliding elements belonging to the sash locking sets in the window frame.
A roof window, according to claim 1, or 2, characterised in that the side walls (11) of the sash (1), particularly the side members of the sash frame, have reinforcing inserts (13), situated on the external side of the window, connected with the movable elements (51) of the pivoting hinges (5).
A roof window, according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, characterised in that the window frame (3) has at least one structural element connecting it with the roof, the element resting on the surface of the window frame members (3), at the external side of the window, and protruding beyond the outline of the window frame members.
A roof window, according to claim 4, characterised in that the structural element of the window frame (3) connecting it with the roof is a support flashing (4), and the window frame preferably has walls (34) made of a material with a low thermal conductivity, particularly of a plastic, situated in the window frame members (5), at least from the side of the sash (1), along the support flashing (4), transversely to its surface resting on the roof.
A roof window, according to claim 5, characterised in that the pivoting hinges (5) are fixed to the structural element of the window frame connecting the frame with the roof.
A roof window, according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, or 4, or 5, characterised in that it has hinges situated near the top edge of the window, for opening the window in the tilting mode, hereinafter referred to as "tilting hinges" (58), and the arms connecting the tilting hinges (58) with the pivoting hinges (56, 51) are situated under the shields (7, 72) of the side gaps.
A roof window, according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, or 4, or 5, or 6, or 7, characterised in that one pane (21) of the glazing unit (2), situated at the external side of the window when it is closed, has an extension (24), protruding beyond the other panes of the glazing unit (2), the extension overlapping the bottom member (33) of the window frame in a closed window.
A roof window, according to claim 1, or 2, or 3, or 4, or 5, or 6, or 7, or 8, characterised in that it has an additional frame of the sash (17), particularly wooden, situated at the internal side of the glazing unit (2), when the window is closed, on which elements locking the window sash in a closed position, as well as optional internal accessories of the window sash are installed.
A roof window, according to claim 9, characterised in that it has an additional frame of the window frame (38), particularly wooden, situated at the internal side of the window, on which elements locking the window are installed, mating with locking elements corresponding to them, seated on the frame of the sash.