RU2208108C2 - Mansard window - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction industry, mansard windows in shed roof which can be installed both in construction of new buildings and structures and in overhaul. SUBSTANCE: mansard window has single- or multilayer glass unit, fold and window frame made of metal extruded profiles. Fold of window has supporting profile and spanner profile of fold of window, thermal inserts, insulation elastic gaskets, fixing and additional gaskets, profile of pressing frame, screws. Window frame includes profiles of internal and external spanners of window frame, thermal inserts, insulation elastic gaskets. Blocks of rectangular section, for instance, can be placed into internal closed or open spaces of profiles. If necessary, set of mansard window can include hanging facility. Manufacture of mansard windows of different dimensions with glass units of various thickness, that is, windows displaying various strength characteristics is possible. EFFECT: increased thermal, noise, wind and hydraulic insulation characteristics of mansard windows. 12 cl, 2 dwg

Description

 The proposed technical solution relates to the field of ground-based construction and can be used, in particular, in the manufacture of dormers designed for installation on pitched roofs of buildings and structures both in the construction of new residential buildings of modern architectural forms and in the overhaul of old buildings and structures, when attics are being reconstructed to increase living space. In both cases, the requirements for ensuring high heat-, wind-, noise- and waterproofing qualities of roof windows go first.

Any window contains the following main components:
- translucent panel (block, package);
- a window sash (cover) for reliable holding of a translucent site in the set position;
- a fixed window frame, which is an intermediate link between the wall of the building and the sash.

 Naturally, in each case, the design of each of the main nodes can significantly differ from each other. The translucent panel can be, for example, single or multilayer, made of glass or other translucent material, to prevent the penetration of electromagnetic radiation in different parts of the spectrum either inside or from the room, etc. The sash can be made stationary (for a dull window sash) or movable with the possibility of rotation, and there are design options that provide the ability to rotate the window depending on the user's current desire around both the horizontal and vertical axis, etc. The design of a fixed window frame can also be very diverse, for example, depending on the characteristics of the pitched roof, on which the roof window is installed, etc.

 In addition to the main components, depending on the requirements of a particular customer, the window structure may contain various additional elements - handles, locks, locks, devices for hanging (hinges, clamps, hinges), finishing devices, etc.

 All this illustrates a wide variety of designs of manufactured windows, in particular skylights, which are subject to some specific requirements associated with the fact that during operation the skylights in the pitched roofs of residential buildings are in direct contact with the external atmosphere, i.e. under the direct influence of atmospheric precipitation, wind, dust, etc., as compared to the windows in the vertical walls of residential buildings, which, as a rule, are “recessed” from the outer surface of the wall, and, thus, the influence of various meteorological phenomena in the external atmosphere, primarily liquid precipitation, on the components of the windows to some extent weakened. Attic windows, especially if they are located at an angle to the vertical plane, in addition to precipitating liquid precipitation, water also forms when the solid precipitation melts and falls on the pitched roofs of buildings and structures.

 Equally, all of the above applies to door designs with translucent panels, display cases and stained-glass windows, which have basically the same requirements as windows, primarily in terms of ensuring the required qualities of thermal, wind, noise and waterproofing of internal (especially residential) premises of buildings and structures in a closed position.

 A window with a frame of stamped profile elements is known (RF patent 2100556, IPC (6) E 06 B 3/38, publ. 12/27/97), containing: "a frame of stamped profile elements that are on their outer side surfaces parallel to the glass plane have a first flange part as a supporting element for the edge part of the heat-reflecting window glass on their outer side, while the opposite edge part on the inner side of the heat-reflecting window glass is supported by a glazing bead connected to the profile element, and the main frame, tinuous mainly of wood profiles having exterior surfaces covered by weather-resistant facings. "- is the common parts of the independent claims. In separate independent claims, in addition to this general part, descriptions of embodiments of a hinged connection of a window and a frame are given (paragraphs 1, 15); using auxiliary devices, for example, rolling shutters, insect screens and / or lifting shutters (Clause 16); the execution of the motion transmission element in the form of a curved rail (p. 19). The dependent claims give examples of specific window designs.

 The main disadvantage of this technical solution is the relatively short service life of windows of a similar design, due to the use of components (parts, assemblies, elements) made of wood, namely wooden profiles (20a, 21a, 22a and 23a). Despite the fact that the outer surfaces of wooden profiles are covered with weather-resistant claddings, it is obvious that the technical characteristics (heat transfer coefficient, weather resistance, durability, etc.) of these parts of the window made of wood are very different from the technical characteristics of other parts of the window , for example, profiles (1-4), preferably made of aluminum (or other metal alloys), primarily in terms of strength and durability. Another disadvantage of this technical solution is the relatively low degree of thermal insulation, because heat leakage is possible (both outside and inside, depending on weather conditions), because when using this design of windows, the building’s internal space is isolated from the external atmosphere by only one cavity, limited by gaskets 16, 19, wooden profile 22 and profile 3 (see Fig. 2). In modern conditions, when constructing new, especially high-rise, buildings, window designs using wood components are increasingly being used less and they are being replaced by window designs using modern, primarily strong and durable materials that provide the required degree of thermal insulation of indoor living spaces, in particular, attic.

 A known system of profiles for the assembly of window and door blocks, partitions, display cases and stained-glass windows (RF patent 2120532, IPC (6) E 06 B 3/00, 1/18, publ. 20.10.98) containing hollow profiles with bends on the inner faces and a thermal liner installed between them, in which at the periphery of the inner faces of the profiles there are made double bends directed towards each other, for installing at least one thermal liner, L-shaped bends are made on the upper and lower faces of the profiles, the width of the inner profile is greater than the width of the outer profile, and supply profiles s elements connected to each other and with other components, wherein the aforementioned outer and inner profiles assembled with thermoinlay forming section, repeating many times as necessary. (This is an independent claim). In the dependent claims, examples of specific performance are given: elements for connecting profiles to each other (p. 2); the form of the internal profile of the section (p. 3); with additional sealing gaskets (item 4); with sections (in the system) containing more than one (item 5); with an additional threshold in the form of a flat channel (item 6); with an additional threshold in the form of a strip with a two-sided gentle bevel (p. 7). A specific example of the use of the section of the profile system for the assembly of window and door blocks, partitions, display cases and stained-glass windows is protected by RF patent 2120534, IPC (6) E 06 V 3/00, 1/18, publ. 10.20.98.

Compared with the previous one, this technical solution does not use components made of wood, which increase the strength and durability of products from this system of profiles. In the description of this technical solution, it is indicated that due to the multi-chamber cross-sections with several air layers, heat losses are reduced due to air convection in each layer and as a result in the whole product. This statement is not true for all nodes of windows, doors, etc., made using this technical solution, since in some nodes of the design the degree of thermal insulation is low, due to possible heat leakage both from the inside and outside, depending on weather conditions and time of year. So, for example, in the embodiment of the blind window, the interior space of the room is separated from the external atmosphere only by a cavity bounded from above by filling 9 (double-glazed window), from the bottom by thermal insert 3, from the left by external (aluminum) profile 2 (more precisely, by its one-sided shelf 6), and on the right - the inner (aluminum) profile 1 (more precisely, its upper left L-shaped bend 5) and the sealing gasket 7 (see figure 2 - embodiment of the blind window). The inner (1) and outer (2) profiles (made of aluminum) are good heat conductors, therefore, if even in other nodes of products made using this technical solution, a high degree of thermal insulation (low heat transfer coefficient) is provided, then in this place heat leakage is possible. Similar cavities are available in versions of a window with two wings (Fig. 3, 4), a single-leaf door (Fig. 5, 6, 7), and a double-leaf door (Fig. 8, 9). A cross-section of this assembly on the largest scale is given in the description of the invention to RF patent 2120534, from which it is clearly seen how heat leakage can occur, for example, from the inner profile (made of AD31 aluminum alloy) through the air gap to the outer profile 2 (also made of aluminum alloy AD31). Another disadvantage of this technical solution is that the filling 9 (for example, double-glazed windows) is held in the frame of the window (door), consisting of internal (1) and external (2) profiles, thermal insert 3, gaskets 7 (on the inner and outer sides double-glazed window) and glazing bead 8 (see, for example, FIG. 2 - an option for a dull window) only due to friction forces. Similar nodes see in FIG. 7 (single door variant) and FIG. 8 (double door option). The weight of the double-glazed window, especially with significant window sizes (doors, showcases, stained-glass windows), reaches large values (the standard three-layer double-glazed window used in the construction of translucent surfaces weighs more than 36 kg / m ² ). From FIG. 2, for example, it is clearly seen that the filling 9 (double-glazed window) is held only due to the sliding friction forces by the gaskets 7: on the left, the gasket 7 is held by a one-sided shelf 6 of the outer profile 2, and on the right by a glazing bead 8, which in turn is held by L-shaped bends 5 of the internal profile 1. (The issue of ensuring the required strength of the window frame (doors, stained-glass windows, shop windows) is not yet addressed). Sealing gaskets 7 have requirements that are somewhat contradictory, in any case, which are extremely difficult to satisfy at the same time. On the one hand, to ensure reliable retention of filling 9 (double-glazed windows) in the window frame (doors, stained-glass windows, showcases), these gaskets 7 should have the highest coefficient of sliding friction, and at the same time they should be strong, solid and t .d., i.e. must meet the requirements for fasteners that hold the filling 9 (double-glazed windows) in a given place of the window frame (doors, stained-glass windows, showcases). On the other hand, to ensure the required degree of insulation (tightness) of the spaces located above and below the gaskets 7, they must be made elastic with petals, which should provide the required degree of insulation, gently adhering to the external surfaces of the filling 9 (double-glazed window): on the left - from the side of the external atmosphere, and to the right - from the side of the indoor premises, ensuring the tightness of the internal cavity under the lower edge of the filling 9 (glass packet). It is obvious that for gaskets 7 to simultaneously meet these requirements - and be tough to hold the filler 9 (glass) in a predetermined position, and be flexible to provide a given degree of insulation - it is extremely difficult, and if one function is well performed, the other will not be performed satisfactorily. So, for example, if the gaskets are made (very) rigid, to firmly fix the filling 9 (double-glazed window) in a predetermined position, the integrity of the external surfaces of the filling 9 (double-glazed window) may be violated, and in this case it is difficult to provide the required degree of insulation of the above spaces. If a high degree of isolation of the above spaces is ensured through the use of elastic gaskets 7, it is extremely difficult to provide a strong, reliable fastening (fixing) of the filling 9 (glass packet) in a given position both in horizontal and vertical planes. At the same time, the gaskets 7 should not be too rigid due to the possible danger of violating the integrity of the outer surfaces of the filling 9 (glass). In addition to the disadvantages described above associated with a loose fit and / or loose hold of the filling 9 (double-glazed window), there is also the possibility that after some time, after repeated cycles of opening and closing the window (door), as a result of inevitable vibrations, filling 9 ( double-glazed window) slowly, gradually, under the influence of gravity will fall down. In this case, it is necessary to take into account, on the one hand, a sufficiently significant weight of the filling 9 (double-glazed window) and, on the other hand, the insufficient friction forces of this filling 9 (double-glazed window) on the gaskets 7. In this case, several kinds of troubles are possible. Firstly, in the lower part of the window (door) frame, when lowering, filling 9 (double-glazed window) can touch the upper L-shaped shelves of the thermal liner 3 and the upper shelves of the inner 1 and outer 2 profiles, which can threaten the integrity of the thermal liner 3. Secondly, in the upper part of the window (door) frame when lowering the filling 9 (double-glazed window), there may be cases when the upper edge of the filling 9 (double-glazed window) can come out of contact with the petals of the gaskets 7. The most dangerous option is when the filling 9 (double-glazed window) is executed o with a negative tolerance (that is, less than the nominal value), and the window (door) frame with a positive tolerance (that is, more than the nominal value), and then with multiple open-close cycles this can lead to the case when the filling 9 (double-glazed window) with its lower part abuts against the thermal insert 3 and the internal (1) and external (2) profiles, and its upper part comes out (at least partially) out of contact with the gaskets 7 with the formation of a gap that will connect the inner space of the attic rooms with an external atmosphere, i.e. will lead to a violation of the insulating properties of the window as a whole. For windows and stained-glass windows made using this technical solution, i.e. when the filling 9 (double-glazed window) should be fixed relative to the window frame (stained-glass window), this danger is much less, nevertheless, there is the likelihood of moving down the filling 9 (double-glazed window) under the influence of such disturbing influences as vibration of the window frame (stained-glass window) from nearby transport , wind loads, daily heating-cooling cycles, simply over time, etc.

 It is also known a hinged dormer-window (RF patent 2131007, IPC (6) E 04 D 13/035, publ. 27.05.99) for a sloping roof with a basic structure and a window cover, which can optionally be mounted on one of at least two identical in length sides of the main structure, while the window frame is attached to the main structure on at least one hinge, which has a movable hinge part associated with the window binder, and a stationary hinge part, as well as a stop mechanism located at a distance from the hinge to fix the window binding with at least one stop element connected to the main structure, in which the hinge parts are movably connected to each other in such a way that the stationary hinge part has a holder that can be mounted on a selected side of the main structure, and on the main structure supports are provided for the selected holder mount or thrust member (independent claim). In dependent clauses are given options for the implementation of the skylight with the specific implementation of its individual components: the binding contour (Clause 2); forms of support (p. 3); connection of the holder or thrust element in the place of supports (p. 4); places of fastening of a persistent element (item 5); closing element (item 6).

 As in the previous analogue, this technical solution does not use components made of wood, which ensures the durability and strength of this design of dormer-windows. The main objective of this technical solution was to create a skylight, the binding of which can be partially fixed on one of at least the spirit of the sides of the main structure that are equal in length, which allows you to freely climb onto the roof and is advantageous in terms of production price.

 According to the invention, this problem is solved by the fact that the hinge parts are movably connected to each other in such a way that the stationary hinge part has a latch that can be located on a selected side of the main structure, and fasteners are provided on the main structure for selected mounting of the latch or thrust element.

 At the invented dormer-window, the fixed side of the window binding can be freely chosen, since the holder of the stationary hinge part and the stop element of the locking mechanism are made in a place adjacent to the connection, in the same way that the holder and the stop element can be interchangeably mounted on each side of the main structure having connection points. The holder and the stop element can, for example, be each provided with two through holes, and the connection point, like the holder and the stop element, can be provided with two holes that are on a straight line with the through holes of the holder or the stop element. The connection of the holder or thrust element with the main structure can be carried out by means of connecting elements mounted in holes.

 The main advantage of this technical solution compared to the previous ones is the possibility of choosing the fixed side, i.e. the possibility of opening the roof window in several directions. The description mentions that "... if the main structure and the window binding are 6 or 8-angled, with the result that the dormer has six or eight directions of opening." This advantage is realized at the stages of design and construction of buildings and structures, and during operation other technical characteristics and consumer properties of roof windows come first, first of all, how well they insulate the inner space of roof windows from environmental influences, mainly issues of thermal, noise, wind and waterproofing. From this point of view, this technical solution does not (fully) satisfy the modern requirements of consumers, for example, attic dwellers in newly constructed or overhaul residential buildings. From the description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation 21311007 it follows that "The frame 44 in the upper part of the short knee has a slot in which glass 46 is inserted by the principle of a drawer. The long knee of the frame 44 has in the lower part of the recess 48, which serve to drain the liquid penetrating into frame 44 ". From the description of the patent 2131007 it follows that this technical solution does not provide any special measures to ensure the thermal and waterproofing of the internal living quarters from the effects of the external environment. From FIG. 2, 3 it is clearly seen that the glass 46 is simply inserted into the frame 44 and external atmospheric air (with all the impurities and components contained in it) can freely penetrate through the (inevitable) gaps between the upper surface of the glass 46 and the lower surface of the slot in the upper part of the short heat frames 44. A similar (in the opposite direction) path can be traced for air from the interior of a building — through (inevitable) gaps between the lower surface of the glass 46 and the upper face of the short knee of the frame 44, on which the glass 46 rests. The reliability of the existence of gaps in this place of the construction of the dormer-window according to this technical solution follows from the fact that the slot in the short channel of the frame 44 is necessary to hold the glass 46, i.e. therefore, the width of this slot must exceed the thickness of the glass 46. If, however, the width of this slot is made equal to or less than the thickness of the glass 46 (i.e., with an "interference fit") to ensure the glass 46 is firmly fixed, this makes it difficult to install the glass 46 in the frame 44 and in principle, it may lead to a violation of the integrity of the surface of the glass 46. The applicant in advance admits the possibility of liquid entering the frame 44, made it with recesses 48 in the lower part, "... which serve to drain the liquid penetrating the frame 44". In addition, even if the glass 46 is firmly and reliably fixed in the frame 44 with the required thermal and waterproofing, the “weak point” from the point of view of these requirements is the contour of the frame 44 (more precisely, its lower part) to the upper part 40 of the holder 22 and the upper face of the thrust element 28 (see Fig. 3), mounted in turn on the square main structure 12. Obviously, without special measures to ensure thermal, noise, wind and waterproofing of the internal space of residential buildings with skylights of this constr ktsii, especially if they have more dimensions, may cause gaps along said loop that reduces the thermal and waterproofing, since There are places for potential heat leakage, for example, to the outside and the penetration of moisture and dust into the interior of residential attic spaces.

 The disadvantages are manifested when using the skylight, implemented according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2131007, in buildings with pitched roofs, since the outer surface of the glass 46 is in direct contact with the external environment, i.e. it is directly affected by rain, snow, hoarfrost and other precipitation. In addition, with wind exposure, dust, dirt, etc., can enter the gaps between the frame 44 and the glass 46, which can lead to a violation of the initial degree of insulation of the internal living quarters. All of the above confirms the insufficiently high degree of thermal, wind, noise and waterproofing of skylights using this technical solution, another drawback of which is the unification of the profiles of the frame 44 with different sections (see Fig. 2, 3), which complicates the production of skylights windows of this design. From the above it follows that dormer-windows made using technical solutions according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2131007 do not quite meet the modern requirements for dormer-windows in pitched roofs, especially for residential premises.

 Known also is the junction of the door, windows to the stained glass wall (RF patent 2143049, IPC (6) E 06 B 7/23, publ. 20.12.99), comprising a door or a window with a narthex and a stained glass wall with a jamb made of profile metal elements forming the external and internal contours of the wall, elastic central and external gaskets with holders and heat-insulating spacers, in which the jamb or narthex is equipped with a stop bar with an additional external seal fixed to it, with an additional external seal installed on the stop plate with the possibility of contact with the surface of the narthex or the jamb simultaneously with the contact of the central and main external seals with the narthex and heat-insulating spacer and the formation of two cavities isolated from each other and from the external environment, and the distance between the touch points of the external seal located outside the door or window, with a profile metal element and a central seal with a heat-insulating spacer refers to the distance between the contact point of the central seal with a heat-insulating spacer tavkoy and the point of contact of the external seal is located inside the door or window, with a corresponding profiled metal element is 1: 1,5-1: 2,5.

 This technical solution is intended to improve the thermal insulation of certain places along the contour of the junction of the door (window) to the stained glass wall, namely to the installation locations of door and window devices: locks, locks, handles. The use of the profile (4) of the inner circuit, the vestibule (12) with the cross section shown in the figure in the description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation 2143049, is determined by the need to use the above door and window devices, and it is obvious that in other places of the contiguity of the door (window) to there is no need to use these profiles (with a sufficiently large cross-sectional area and, accordingly, with a large linear weight, i.e. with a large consumption of metal). For example, we indicate that the average size of the windows is about 1500 • 1200 mm (the perimeter is about 5400 mm), and for doors these sizes are at least double, not to mention the dimensions of the stained glass walls, which are many times larger than the sizes of windows and doors. Most window and door devices (locks, locks, handles, etc.) have dimensions of about 100 mm (along the abutment perimeter), which implies that the use of profiles (4, 12) of these sections is justified only on a very small part (100 mm : 5400 mm ≅ 2%) of the perimeter of windows (doors). It is natural to assume that such an inefficient use of metal profiles (4, 12) with a large linear weight and excessive strength on the rest (~ 98%) of the abutment perimeter is ineffective, primarily from an economic point of view.

 The disadvantage of the design of the junction of the door, window to the stained glass wall according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2143049 from a technical point of view is the insufficient degree of heat, wind, noise and waterproofing. From the description of the present invention, it is clearly seen that in addition to the central unit providing heat, wind, noise and waterproofing, which consists of a vestibule (12), an internal circuit (4), a central elastic seal (20) and an external circuit (3) for door and window devices (locks, handles, wraps), heat leakage is possible in other places, mainly in places directly adjacent to the translucent panels 8 (stained glass) wall and canvas 9 of the door or window. So, for example, a path of heat leakage from the interior of a building or structure into the external atmosphere through rack 1 (metal), the internal cavity under and above the insulating gasket (not shown in the figure) and then through the retaining profile (not shown in the figure), is possible, which on top covers a double-glazed window 8, in the center - dense thermal insulation 11, above and below - the outer circuit 3 (also metal). Additional heat transfer from the rack 1 (metal) to the outer circuit 3 occurs through the internal cavity, limited to the right by the metal profile of the frame 7 of the narthex 12, to the left by the profile 26 of the door frame, from below - by the upper edge of the glass packet 9 of the door leaf, and from above - by an insulating spacer (on figure is not indicated). Obviously, there is an additional heat leak from these internal attic spaces along these paths. In addition, in case of violation of the tightness of these nodes, moisture may penetrate from the external atmosphere into the internal space of the premises, as well as noise, dust, etc.

 As stated in the description of the invention according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2143049, the use of two cavities isolated from each other and from the external environment reduces the effect of cold air on the locks and locks, although they (locks and locks) can be cooled in other ways of heat leakage, because being installed on a profile metal element 7 (door or window frames), they can be cooled through an internal cavity located above the upper edge of a glass packet 9 of the door (or window) and then through a metal profile 26 of the door frame (window). In addition, as in the previous technical solution, the double-glazed windows 8 of the stained-glass wall and the double-glazed windows 9 of the door (or windows) are held in position using flexible gaskets 10. Without repeating the above justifications for the disadvantages of using this method of fastening double-glazed windows, we note that the most dangerous from the point view of violation of thermal, wind, noise and waterproofing is the possible movement of double-glazed windows in vertical planes, and if special measures are not provided, especially with large sizes of stained-glass windows, The incidence of thermal, noise, wind and waterproofing is greatly increased. When using skylights of this design in pitched roofs, the outer surface of the stained-glass wall 8 and other structural elements of the abutment unit are in direct contact with the external atmosphere, and they are directly affected by rain, snow, frost and other precipitation. With wind pressure, simultaneously with the precipitation of liquid precipitation, it is possible for them to flow from the external surface into the internal parts of the abutment site, which violates the initial characteristics of thermal, noise, wind, and waterproofing.

 All of the above confirms that the dormer-windows made using technical solutions according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2143049 do not fully meet the modern requirements for dormer-windows in pitched roofs, especially for residential premises.

 An improved window is also known (RF patent 2144974, MKP (6) E 06 B 3/40, publ. 27.01.00), comprising a window frame and a window cover mounted rotatably on hinges in the middle of the window cover using a console-lever mechanism located between the corresponding hinge and the window frame made with grooves at the side surface of the frame, a guiding element connected with a cover and mounted with the possibility of movement, in which each end of the groove communicates with a transverse groove facing the outside the surface of the frame, and the guide element is made in the form of a sleeve moving in one of the indicated longitudinal and transverse grooves, and the window cover is made to rotate from the closed position inside the frame half a turn to the closed, completely opposite position, and from the specified position in that the same direction or backward in the opposite direction, while it is equipped with locking means located in the frame in the form of a rotary element consisting of a rotary shaft on which the manual macho is mounted a swivel and a valve made with the possibility of moving to the locking position and from the locking position behind the sleeve for closing and opening, respectively, the window cover, and each side binding of the window cover between two corner sections consists of two structural profile sections located mutually parallel and interconnected with jumper elements having a low coefficient of thermal conductivity, and these profile sections fix the sleeve together, as well as the third profile section, located parallel to the structural sections, and the third profile section serves as a mounting plate for glazing and forms between the one of its longitudinal edge partitions and the longitudinal edge partition of one of the structural profile sections a space for installing the edge section of a single glazing unit or multilayer glazing, while it is equipped with screws for fastening the profile section of the installation strip for glazing to structural profile sections, and it is equipped with a cover strip, worn on the side of the window cover, with screws located therein to block the longitudinal edge of the partition serving as a mounting plate for glazing in the area adjacent to the glazing unit, said cover strip made in the region of the opposite longitudinal edge of the profile section with a transverse edge section, which captures the transverse edge portion of the corresponding configuration on the profile section of the glazing installation plate and which is positioned so as to be attached to the specified last transverse edge portion of the screws that are placed between the frame and the window frame when the latter is in the closed position.

In the description of the invention, it is noted that the main task that this technical solution solves is to prevent excessive heating of the interior, for which "... the window cover is made to rotate from the closed position inside the frame by half a turn (i.e., 180 ^o ) to the closed, completely opposite position, and from the indicated position in the same direction or back in the opposite direction ... " For the end user - the attic dwellers - during operation, the insulation properties of the dormer are much more important, i.e. the ability to withstand external influences - precipitation, wind pressure, noise and, finally, first of all, the exclusion of heat transfer from the inside (for example, in winter) and outside (for example, in summer when using the air conditioner inside the living room). From this point of view, in this technical solution, heat leakage, for example, from the inside of the room, occurs mainly along the following path: inner cover plate 17, profile (metal) section 3, screw 12, profile (metal) sections 4, 5, external cover plate 13 In the description of the invention to the patent of the Russian Federation 2144974 there is no direct indication of what material the guide sleeve 8 is made of, but making it from c / l metal or alloy is an additional way for heat leakage. Additional leakage occurs through the air cavities under the lower edge of the glazing unit 1, the air cavities inside and above the window frame 2. Note for reference that even in the middle latitudes of Russia, the temperature difference between the cover strips inside (17) and outside (13) of the roof window reaches 60 ^o C and more. It is quite obvious that if additional measures are not provided, then heat from the inside of the room along the “thermal bridges” indicated above will be quickly enough transferred to an external, colder atmosphere, especially under conditions unfavorable from this point of view, i.e. at negative air temperatures, strong winds, precipitation, etc.

 Another disadvantage of this technical solution (as well as the previous ones) is the insufficiently strong and reliable fastening of the glazing unit 11. The description of the invention according to the patent of the Russian Federation 2144974 implies that the glazing unit 11 is located in the window cover 1 between the cover strips 13, 17 through elastic sealing gaskets (not shown in FIG. 1). As in previous technical solutions, during operation of the skylight after repeated open-close cycles, it is possible to move, including vertically, the glazing unit 11. In addition, elastic gaskets located between the cover strip 13 and the glazing unit 11, they are constantly exposed to the external environment (precipitation, wind, dust, etc.) and, over time, lose their properties, become polluted, which leads to a deterioration in their thermal and waterproofing properties and ductility, i.e. loss of insulating qualities of the roof window as a whole. We note here that the strength of window binding 1 is provided mainly by jumpers 6, 7 and screws 12, 16, the landing of which during operation after multiple open-close cycles is weakened and a reduction in the strength of the design of window binding 1 is possible.

 When using this design of the improved window as an attic in pitched roofs, the outer surface of the glazing unit 11 (the left side of FIG. 1) is in direct contact with the external atmosphere and is directly exposed to rain, snow, and other atmospheric precipitation that flow down this external surface on the cover strip 13 of the window cover 1. When exposed to wind pressure, together with the precipitation, these rainfall, as well as dust, dirt, etc. can get into the internal nodes of the attic window construction. All of the above confirms that the requirements for heat-, wind-, noise- and waterproofing characteristics presented to modern residential attic premises are not completely satisfactorily fulfilled when using technical solutions according to RF patent 2144974.

 If we consider the distribution of loads in the profiles of the dormer-window, then they are different in different parts of the window, for example, in the central part of the window binding and in its corners, in the places of installation of the hanging devices and in places remote from them, etc. Based on these considerations, the use of the same profiles (in the case under consideration, the same cross-section, i.e. with the same strength characteristics) is not optimal from the point of view of matching real and permissible loads. Obviously, the profiles (or rather, their cross-sectional area) are selected based on the requirements for ensuring the strength of the roof window in places with the highest loads, and with some margin of safety. It follows that in other places of dormer-windows, where the loads are less (these maximum), the profiles are used inefficiently from a technical point of view, because their theoretically permissible strength characteristics exceed (sometimes significantly) real loads. From an economic point of view, even a simple overspending of the material (as well as the use of material with characteristics that exceed the actually necessary) leads to an increase in the cost of these parts of the roof window, i.e. inefficient from an economic point of view. In other words, if the loads in different places of a particular design (in our case, the roof window) are different, and parts with the same technical characteristics and the same cost are used everywhere, there is a suboptimal use of the material, both from a technical and economic point of view.

 The use of gaskets as intermediate elements between the sections of the edges of the double-glazed windows and supporting profiles, for example, casement windows (doors), is known - see, for example, the description of utility model 16173, IPC (7) E 06 V 7/12, publ. 12/10/2000. However, solutions of this type have some disadvantages associated with the fact that it is difficult to manufacture all the components of this unit when manufacturing windows (doors, stained-glass windows, etc.) precisely at the factory size. If all the component parts, for example, casement windows, are made to size, then the use of such a design (with one gasket) is justified and provides reliable fixation and (for) fastening of the edge of the glass in a predetermined position. But upon closer examination, it turns out that in the manufacture of individual parts with certain tolerances (deviations) in one direction or another, the required functions, primarily insulation ones, are not completely satisfactory.

 So, in the manufacture of both a double-glazed window and gaskets with negative tolerances, that is, smaller sizes, provided that the window sash dimensions are equal to the specified ones, gaps between the above details may appear, depending on the values of these tolerances, which can lead to deterioration thermal, wind, noise and waterproofing properties of the window. In another case, in the manufacture of both double-glazed windows and gaskets with positive tolerances, i.e. large sizes, provided that the window sash dimensions are equal to the specified ones, options are possible in which the double-glazed window is installed in the window sash with some interference, which is fraught with the appearance of additional stresses in this node of the window sash, depending on the values of these tolerances. In cases where one part is manufactured with negative tolerances and the other with positive tolerances, some intermediate options are possible in which the tolerances (of different signs and sizes) compensate each other to some extent, but it is unrealistic to count on such compensation, as well as on option to manufacture window parts exactly in size.

 In principle, it is possible to use gaskets of several sizes (in thickness), which to some extent should compensate for the variation in the size of the glass packet, but this is not the best way to overcome the difficulties associated with inaccurate manufacture of components of the window sash. It should be borne in mind that the window sash itself can be made with some deviations from the given dimensions, which can also lead to either gaps in the joints of the individual components of the window sash or additional stresses in the same places. In view of the foregoing, it is ideally necessary to have and use gaskets with a thickness depending on the size of a specific glass packet and a specific window sash, i.e., they (gaskets) must have a sufficiently large number (in the limit - infinite). Obviously, in practice this path is extremely difficult to use, because this requires a significant set of gaskets of various thicknesses.

 The aim of the proposed technical solution is to create the design of skylights with high thermal, noise, wind and waterproofing, opening in various directions, designed for installation in pitched roofs and necessary for a comfortable stay in the attic of residential buildings. Another goal is to increase the level of unification of products due to (the possibility of) using a single set of profiles of the same cross section for the manufacture of skylights of various sizes and / or with double-glazed windows of different thicknesses (weights), i.e. possessing various durability. The next goal is to increase the manufacturability of production (simplifying the assembly process) of dormers in cases where some parts are made with deviations from the given dimensions. An additional goal is to reduce production costs for the production of dormers due to the use of less powerful, therefore, cheaper extrusion plants.

To achieve these goals, a dormer-window containing a single or multilayer double-glazed window, a sash and a window frame made of metal profiles of various sections, made, for example, by extrusion, in which each window sash trim, between two corner sections, contains a supporting profile and a window sill crossbar profile , in the grooves of which are fixed at least two thermal inserts made, for example, of a material with a low heat transfer coefficient, a space for placement and fixing, for example, and due to friction forces, a portion of the edge of a double-glazed window, protected from the influence of the external atmosphere, is formed by at least two insulating elastic gaskets and a fixing gasket located at one of the side walls of the cross-section of the window-leaf crossbar and one of the thermal inserts, and each of the window frame strapping, between two corner sections, contains profiles of the internal and external crossbars of the window frame, in the grooves of which are fixed at least two thermal inserts and at least two insulating elastic gaskets that form surfaces for ores of the supporting profile and the profile of the window sash crossbar, respectively, the profile of the clamping strip of the window sash is introduced, one edge of which is made with a U-shaped cavity to accommodate one of the insulating elastic gaskets involved in the formation of spaces for placing and fixing sections of the edges of the double-glazed windows, the middle part of which is fixed on the crossbar profile of the window sash, for example, using a screw connection, and the other edge is made on the inside with a protrusion, for example, of rectangular cross section, a similar protrusion made on the end of the window sill crossbar and a shank covering the place of contact between the window sash crossbar and the external window frame crossbar, as well as the installation site of attachments, for example, in the form of loops, from the influence of the external atmosphere, and additional installation elements, located between the sections of the edges of the double-glazed windows and the fixing gasket, moreover, the supporting profile and the profile of the crossbar of the window sash, the profile of the internal and external crossbars of the window frame are made with one or several kimi closed inner and / or non-closed cavities, intended to contain, if necessary, increasing the strength characteristics of the roof window as a whole, for example by increasing its size and / or the use of multilayer packets of one or more crackers. In addition, the first and second thermal inserts are arranged in parallel and are fixed in the dovetail grooves of the supporting profile and the sash bolt profile, for example, by rolling, and the third and fourth thermal inserts are mutually perpendicular and fixed in the dovetail grooves of the internal and external profiles crossbars of a window frame, for example, by rolling; the first and second insulating elastic gaskets forming a space for placing and securing portions of the edges of the double-glazed windows are located in the U-shaped cavities of the supporting profile and the pressure strip of the window sash, respectively, and the third and fourth insulating elastic gaskets forming surfaces for supporting the supporting profile and the profile of the sash crossbar windows, respectively, are installed in U-shaped cavities on the outer sides of the profiles of the internal and external crossbars of the window frame, respectively; the supporting profile of the sash of the window contains at least one internal closed or open cavity for placement, if necessary, of one or more crackers, located, for example, between the wall, on the outside of which there are grooves of the "dovetail" type for fixing the ribs the first and second thermal inserts and a wall, the outer side of which is supported by a third insulating elastic pad; the sash window bolt profile contains at least one internal closed or open cavity for placing, if necessary, one or more crackers located, for example, in one of the lower corners of the specified profile, between the wall, the outer side of which is adjacent to one from the faces of the fixing gasket, and on which dovetail grooves are located for fixing the first and second thermal inserts, and a wall, the outer side of which is one of the outer walls of the specified profile as a whole, and the wall outside the opposite side of which rests on a fourth insulating elastic gasket, and at least one internal closed or open cavity for placement, if necessary, of one or more crackers, located, for example, in one of the upper corners of the specified profile, between the walls, the outer sides of which are external for the specified profile as a whole, and are in contact with the protrusion on the inner surface of the profile of the clamping strip of the window sash and, if necessary, with elements of equipment for attic attic windows, for example, in the form of loops; the profile of the internal crossbar of the window frame contains at least one internal closed or open cavity for placing, if necessary, one or more crackers, located, for example, in one of the upper corners of the specified profile, between the wall, on the outside of which U-shaped cavity for installing a third insulating elastic gasket in it, and a wall on the outside of which there is a dovetail groove for fixing one of the ribs of the third thermal insert, and at least one an internal closed or open cavity for placing, if necessary, one or more crackers, located, for example, in one of the lower corners of the specified profile between the wall with a dovetail groove located on it to secure one of the ribs of the fourth thermal insert, and the bottom wall, the outer side of which is one of the outer walls of the specified profile and the window frame as a whole; the profile of the external crossbar of the window frame contains at least one internal closed or open cavity for placement, if necessary, of one or more crackers, located, for example, in one of the lower corners of the specified profile between the walls, on the outer sides of one of which grooves of the "dovetail" type are located for fixing the ribs of the third and fourth thermal inserts and a wall on the outside of which there is a U-shaped cavity for accommodating the fourth insulating elastic strip and the wall, the outer side of which is external for the specified profile and the window frame as a whole, and at least one internal closed or open cavity for placement in it, if necessary, one or more crackers, located, for example, in one of the upper corners of the specified profile between the walls, the outer side of one of which contacts, if necessary, the attic window, with attachments, for example, in the form of loops, and the wall, the outer side of which is external for the specified profile and we are windows in general; rusks, which serve to increase the strength characteristics of the sash and the window frame, as well as the dormer-window as a whole, are made of a metal alloy similar to that of which other metal dormer-window profiles are made, with a non-circular, for example, rectangular, external contour, which excludes the possibility of rotation of the said rusks around their longitudinal axes in internal closed or open cavities of the roof window profiles; internal closed or open cavities in the supporting profile and the profile of the crossbar of the window sash, the internal and external crossbars of the window frame are made with at least one protrusion, for example, of rectangular cross section, against which one of the faces of crackers rests in order to fix them in a given position; additional installation elements in the gaps between the sections of the edges of the double-glazed windows and the fixing gaskets are made, for example, of wooden antiseptic battens; if necessary, to ensure that the sash is opened around a horizontal or vertical axis, a hinge device is introduced in its composition, for example, in the form of a clip and a loop fixed to the profiles of the window sash crossbars and the external crossbar of the window frame, respectively; to ensure the penetration of penetrating water and / or condensate from the inner surface of the double-glazed window, holes with a diameter of 2-5 mm are made at an angle of 30-60 ^o to the plane of the double-glazed window - in the supporting profile of the window sash - in the lower wall in places that do not coincide with the contact surface with the third insulating an elastic gasket, and in the cross-section of the window sash - in the side wall in places that do not coincide with the grooves of the "dovetail" type for fixing the first thermal insert, and similar holes parallel to the plane of the glass packet - in profile e of the sash of the window sash - in the lower wall above the contact surface with the fourth insulating elastic gasket, and in the profile of the external crossbar of the window frame - in the walls above the surface formed by the profile wall of the internal crossbar of the window frame with a U-shaped cavity for installation, if necessary, one or several crackers, the wall of the third thermal insert, and the profile wall of the external crossbar of the window frame above the cavity to accommodate, if necessary, one or more crackers and then to withdraw penetrating water and / or condensation ata outside the roof window; the first and second insulating elastic gaskets are made, on the one hand, with ribbed surfaces forming spaces for placing and securing portions of the edges of the double-glazed windows, and on the other hand, with arrow-shaped protrusions having an internal closed cavity, for example, of rectangular cross section, which are installed in П- shaped cavities of the profiles of the clamping strip and the crossbar of the sash, respectively, and the third and fourth insulating elastic gaskets are made, on the one hand - with open cavities, the upper many petals of which form surfaces for supporting the supporting profile and the cross-section of the window sash, respectively, and on the other hand with arrow-shaped protrusions having an internal closed cavity, for example, of rectangular cross section, which are included in the U-shaped cavities of the profiles of the internal and external crossbars of the window frame, respectively .

 As a rule, the dormer-window is a frame mounted in pitched roofs of buildings and structures, into which the sash (binding) of the window is inserted. Typically, the frame and sash of the roof window have a symmetrical, in particular rectangular, outer contour. To provide the possibility of opening the dormer-window sash in one direction or another (usually around a horizontal or vertical axis, although constructions with arbitrary axes are known, relative to which the dormer-window should be opened at the request of the customer), devices for hanging, for example, in the form of swivel joints, hinges, etc. If it is necessary to fix the open sash of the dormer-window in one position or another, various locking devices and devices are used, as well as other window devices - locks, handles, locks, finishing devices, etc. All of them do not affect the design of the claimed dormer-window, they are independent devices, therefore, are not considered further.

In FIG. 1 shows a section of one of the harnesses, in particular the upper, dormer-window, with the ability to open upwards, around a horizontal axis (section rotated 90 ^o ). In FIG. 2 shows a general view of the attic window, the elements of the pitched roof in which the attic window is installed, in FIG. 1, 2 are not shown. In FIG. 1 the inner part of the premises is (conditionally) in the lower part, the external atmosphere is in the upper.

 Each dormer window trim, whether horizontal or vertical, contains double-glazed window 1 (Fig. 1 shows its part adjacent to the trim), an insulating elastic gasket 2, a profile 3 of the clamping strip of the window sash, an additional installation gasket 4, fixing the gasket 5, screw 6, window sill crossbar profile 7, crackers 8, 9, clamp 10, loop 11 (these are the elements of the attachment, in the described embodiment, are installed on the top attic of the dormer window), cracker 12, insulating elastic gasket 13 (with flexible clamping tab), profile 14 of the external window frame crossbar, cracker 15, thermal insert 16, cracker 17, profile 18 of the internal crossbar of the window frame, thermal insert 19, cracker 20, thermal insert 21, insulating elastic pad 22, cracker 23, thermal insert 24, supporting profile 25 casement windows, insulating elastic gasket 26.

In FIG. 2 shows a general view of the skylight - front view, where 1 is a double-glazed window, A is the sash, B is the window frame, 10 is the clip, 11 is the hinge (attachments), B-B is the vertical section of the skylight, the upper part of which rotated 90 ^° is shown in FIG. In accordance with FIG. 1, 2 the dormer-window can open around a horizontal axis passing through the center of the hinge 11, while the sash of the window A moves clockwise - in figure 1, and upward, towards the observer - in figure 2.

 The double-glazed window 1 is installed between the insulating elastic (sealing) gaskets 2, 26 and is held due to friction forces on their ribbed surfaces. Insulating elastic pads 2, 26 are made, for example, from rubber compounds with Shore hardness in the range of 60-80 conventional units. The insulating elastic pads 2, 26 with their arrow-shaped protrusions enter into the U-shaped cavities of the profile 3 of the clamping strip of the window sash and the supporting profile 25 of the window sash, respectively. Between the edge portions of the double-glazed windows 1 and one of the side walls of the window sill crossbar profile 7 (on the left side of FIG. 1) there is a fixing gasket made, for example, of polyamide and additional installation gaskets 4, made, for example, of wooden antiseptic battens, are additionally placed. The profile 3 of the clamping strip of the sash of the window is mounted on the profile 7 of the crossbar of the sash of the window, for example, using screws 6 (if necessary, washers are used). Crackers 8, 9 can be installed in the internal cavities of the window sill cross-section profile 7 if it is necessary to increase the strength characteristics of the window sashes in the case of using thickened, consequently, heavier double-glazed windows and / or with enlarged dormer-windows. It is natural that with small sizes of the dormer-window or when using double-glazed windows 1 of small thickness, these crackers may not be installed. The profiles 3 of the clamping strips of the window sash are made with a shank (Fig. 1, to the right), which protects the installation site of the clamp 10 and hinge 11 from external atmospheric influences, which serve for hanging the dormer-window and provide the possibility of opening the dormer-window, in our particular case - around the horizontal axis. The clamp 10 and the hinge 11 can be attached to the profile 7 of the crossbar of the sash window and profile 14 of the outer crossbar of the window frame in various ways, for example, using welded, threaded, etc. compounds. In the internal cavities of the profile 14 of the outer crossbar of the window frame, crackers 12, 14 can be installed, the purpose of which is similar to the functions of crackers 8, 9.

 The side (left in FIG. 1) wall of the window sill crossbar profile 7 is made with dovetail grooves in which, for example, by rolling (crimping on seaming machines), fins of thermal inserts 21, 24 made of a material with low thermal conductivity, for example glass-filled polyamide, other ribs of which are fixed in the same way in the grooves of the "dovetail" of the supporting profile 25 of the sash window.

 The profiles of the inner 18 and outer 14 crossbars of the window frame are connected as a whole using thermal inserts 16, 19 fixed in grooves of the dovetail type, similar to installing thermal inserts 21, 24. In the internal cavities of the profile 18 of the internal crossbar of the window frame, crackers 17 can be installed , 20, the purpose of which is described above. The insulating elastic pads 13, 22 with their arrow-shaped protrusions are installed in the U-shaped cavities of the profiles of the inner 18 and outer 14 crossbars of the window frame. The insulating elastic gaskets 13, 22 are made with flexible clamping petals, which are deformed under the action of the upper parts of the window sash through the supporting profile 25 and the profile 7 of the bolt of the window sash, forming supporting surfaces for them. When the dormer-window is in a closed state, flexible clamping petals provide high-quality and reliable thermo-, noise-, wind- and waterproofing of the internal space of residential premises from the effects of the external atmosphere.

The insulating elastic gaskets 2, 13, 22, 26 are made with internal closed cavities, for example, of rectangular cross section, which provides simplicity and ease of installation and reliable fixation in the U-shaped cavities of the supporting profile 25, profile 7 of the crossbar of the sash window, profiles of the inner 18 and external 14 crossbars of a window frame. To drain penetrating water and / or condensate, openings are made in the dormer-window, which lead the liquid out of the dormer-window. The fluid is discharged through openings drilled through certain distances in the supporting profile 25, the window sill crossbar profile 7 and the window frame outer beam profile 14. From the inner (lower in Fig. 1) surface of the double-glazed window 1, the liquid flows through the holes drilled in the lower part of the supporting profile 25 of the sash at an angle of 30-60 ^o to the surface of the double-glazed window 1, and then through the holes drilled in the racks of the profile 14 of the outer crossbar the window frames are parallel to the surface of the double-glazed window 1. If the liquid enters or condenses in the space between the edges of the double-glazed window 1, the profile 3 of the clamping strip of the window sash, the lateral (in Fig. 1 left) rack profile 7 of the crossbar of the sash of the window and thermal insert 24, it removed through holes drilled in the side (left in FIG. 1) wall of the window sill crossbar profile 7 above the thermal insert 24 at an angle of 30-60 ^° to the surface of the glass packet 1, and then through holes drilled in the side (right in FIG. 1) the rack profile 7 of the crossbar of the sash of the window, and the holes drilled in the racks of the profile 14 of the outer crossbar of the window frame. The fluid drainage paths of FIG. 1 are shown by dashed lines with arrows.

 When assembling the dormer-window, the corners of both the casement and the window frame are connected using filling elements (not shown in Fig. 1, 2) on crimping machines.

 In FIG. 1, 2, the installation option of the window frame (internal 18 and external 14 crossbars of the window frame) in the opening of the pitched roof is not shown.

 In FIG. 1 dashed lines indicate the elements of the device for attaching a dormer-window in the form of a clip 10 and a loop 11, fastened, for example, with a welded, threaded, etc. connections on the window sill bolt profile 7 and the window frame outer bolt profile 14, respectively.

 In the proposed design of the skylight there are no direct ways for heat leakage, for example, from the internal space of residential premises to the external atmosphere in the cold season. Consider this in more detail. In contact with the external (external) atmosphere: the outer surface (the upper one in Fig. 1) of the double-glazed window 1, the insulating elastic gasket 2, the profile 3 of the clamping strip of the window sash, screw 6, profile 7 of the crossbar of the sash of the window, clip 10, loop 11, external profile 14 crossbar of the window frame, and (depending on the installation of the window frame in the opening of the pitched roof) thermal insert 16, and the inner profile 18 of the crossbar of the window frame. The atmosphere inside the building or structure with an attic roof is in contact with: the inner (in Fig. 1 - lower) surface of the glass packet, the insulating elastic gasket 26, the supporting profile 25 of the sash window, the insulating elastic gasket 22, the inner profile 18 of the window frame. From figure 1 it is clearly seen that between the external atmosphere and the space inside the room there are no ways for heat leakage, i.e. places with direct (direct) contact of the parts of the attic window with large heat transfer coefficients (good thermal conductivity), for example, metal-metal. The profiles of the outer 14 and inner 18 crossbars of the window frame are separated by thermal inserts 16, 19 (and the air gap). The window sash profile 7 and the window frame outer bolt profile 14 are separated by an insulating elastic gasket 13 (and an air gap). The supporting profile 25 and the window sash profile 7 are separated by thermal inserts 21, 24 (and the air gap). The supporting profile 25 of the window sash and the profile 18 of the inner crossbar of the window frame are separated by an insulating elastic gasket 22. Insulating elastic gaskets: 2 - from the outside, 26 - from the inside of the glass packet, provide thermal, noise, wind and waterproofing around the entire roof window . Double-glazed window 1 itself (single or multi-layer - depending on customer requirements, climatic conditions, requirements for the degree of insulation, etc.) has high thermal, noise, wind and waterproofing properties. In principle, if special measures are not provided, thermal contact between the clamp 10 and the loop 11 is possible, however, it does not pose a particular danger, because, firstly, the length (along the perimeter of the roof window) of these elements does not exceed 100 mm, and, secondly, the profile 14 of the outer crossbar of the window frame (with which the loop 11 is in contact) is itself well insulated from the interior of the living quarters (see above). It follows that in the proposed design of the skylight there are no places for direct thermal contact of parts (such as "metal-metal") associated, on the one hand, with the external atmosphere and, on the other hand, with the internal space of residential buildings and structures.

 In the proposed design of the dormer-window, the thickness of the fixing strip 5 is selected taking into account the variation in the parameters of the double-glazed window 1 of the dormer-window sash. The remaining gap between the edges of the glass unit 1 and the side (left in FIG. 1) wall of the sash profile 7 (both in the horizontal and vertical directions) is selected by additional installation spacers 4 made, for example, of antiseptic wooden battens.

 This design of the dormer-window facilitates the installation (installation) operation, since the sash can simply be hung on the window frame after the latter has been installed and fixed in the opening of the pitched roof of the building or structure.

 The proposed design of the dormer-window allows one to make dormer-windows for the same purpose from the same profiles - both openable (dull) and openable - manually, using locks, handles, locks, locking devices, etc., or using a mechanized drive .

 In addition, the proposed design of the dormer-window with the same profiles can be used in the manufacture of dormer-windows of various sizes or with different thicknesses of the double-glazed window, in the latter case it is necessary to use insulating elastic gaskets and / or a supporting sash profile of a window of a different height. In any of the above options, the difference relates to the presence or absence of crackers installed in one or another component (supporting profile 25 and profile 7 of the sash crossbar, profiles of internal 18 and external 14 profiles of the crossbars of the window frame), in certain sections of these profiles. In any case, these options are not beyond the scope described above.

 In principle, the use of plug-in elements to increase the strength (rigidity) of building structures, in particular windows, is known. For example, a stiffener is used in a plastic frame lumen with gaskets (RF patent 2125640, MKI (6) E 06 B 3/22). For the same purposes, metal fittings are used in the heat-insulating profile (RF patent 2133812, MKI (6) E 06 B 3/24). In these technical solutions, plug-in elements (a stiffening element in one, metal reinforcement in the other) are used to increase the strength of the window sash, and their use is due to the use of materials with low strength for the manufacture of profiles from which the windows are assembled. In these cases, the use of plug-in elements is necessary, because without them the design of the windows is not strong enough.

 A system of profiles of translucent walling of building structures of buildings and structures is also known (patent of the Russian Federation 2160349, MKI (6) E 06 B 3/26), in which an insert is used inside the support rack of a box or open section (from the description of the invention is a complex box section with several shelves ) for the same purposes. From the description of the invention 2160349 it follows that the insert is used in all cases of using this system of profiles, that is, embedded elements in the form of a box-like structure are always used, regardless of the size of the translucent structures or the thickness of the glass units used, even when the windows they are small and / or thin (hence, lighter) double-glazed windows are used.

 The essence of the proposed technical solution is that embedded elements in the form of crackers are not always used, but depending on the specific climatic conditions and the specific design of the dormer-window. If the skylight is small and / or thin (hence light) double-glazed windows are used, then crackers are not used, because no need for their application. If the dormer-window is of considerable size and / or multilayer (therefore, heavier) double-glazed windows are used, then there is a need to use certain crackers in certain places of the dormer-window. The internal closed or open cavities in which crackers of rectangular cross-section can be located in profiles 7 of the window bolt and profiles 14 of the external and 18 internal bolts of the window frame and the supporting profile 25 of the window sash, are made in such sizes and in such places that they, firstly , did not reduce the strength of these profiles in the absence of crackers, and, secondly, in the case of crackers, they provided the required strength characteristics of the dormer-window as a whole (with its increased size and / or the use of heavy multi-layer glass packets). Depending on the specific climatic conditions and the specific design of the dormer-window, certain crackers can be used in various profiles, in various places of each individual profile. In other words, crackers may not be used in all profiles, but in each particular profile, each specific cracker - not throughout the entire cavity. The use of crackers ensures optimization of the design of the dormer-window, since additional elements (in comparison with the basic design of the dormer-window - without crackers) are used in the form of crackers only where it is necessary to ensure the specified strength characteristics and the degree of thermal, noise, and wind - and damp windows in general. This ensures the optimal consumption of the components (elements) of the dormer-window, in particular crackers, and, therefore, optimization of the cost of the dormer-window as a whole while ensuring its specified technical characteristics.

 The location of specific closed or open cavities with various sections in various places of various profiles and, accordingly, sections of a set of different crackers are selected on the basis of theoretical calculations, computer simulations, laboratory and field tests of the proposed modular design of skylights.

 Consider another aspect of the use for the manufacture of skylights of profiles of complex composite structures, for example, consisting of a supporting rack of a box-shaped or open section placed inside its insert (RF patent 2160349, MKI (6) E 06 B 3/26, "System of external translucent profiles enclosing building structures of buildings and structures "). One of the (possible) reasons for using this (and similar) technical solution is due to the fact that the maximum cross-sectional area of a particular profile, which determines, in particular, its strength characteristics, is limited by the power of a particular extrusion unit used in the production of profiles for the manufacture of skylights. To obtain products with greater strength, i.e. with a larger cross-sectional area, it is necessary to switch to using a more powerful extrusion plant. Naturally, when using a more powerful extruder, it is possible to produce profiles with a cross-sectional area that exceeds the total area of several profiles produced on a less powerful installation, but this approach is not optimal, because requires the use of more expensive extrusion equipment.

 The use of profiles of a complex composite structure in the proposed technical solution, which assumes (allows) the possibility of using plug-in elements - crackers, is aimed at simultaneously achieving two different goals. One of them, namely the possibility of manufacturing skylights of various sizes and / or with different double-glazed windows, i.e. with various strength characteristics, using a single set of profiles, discussed in detail above. Naturally, in the manufacture of skylights of large sizes and / or with heavy multilayer double-glazed windows, it is possible to use profiles with a larger cross-sectional area and, accordingly, increased strength characteristics compared to the basic profiles used for the manufacture of skylights of small sizes with lightweight single-layer (single) double-glazed windows, but, as noted above, this will require the use of more powerful ones (hence, more expensive and consuming large electric power) of extrusion plants.

 The use of the proposed design of the dormer-window, in which profiles of a complex composite structure are used in the form of profiles with internal cavities into which crackers can be installed, makes it possible to use lower (mechanical) power (i.e., cheaper and consuming) machines for extruding them lower electrical power) than those that might be necessary for the production of solid profiles with an increased cross-sectional area. Thus, the use of profiles of complex composite sections in the manufacture of skylights according to the proposed technical solution additionally allows minimizing the costs of producing profiles by using cheaper equipment and by reducing the cost of electricity consumed when these profiles are produced, i.e. profitable from an economic point of view.

 The proposed design of dormers can be used both in the construction of new buildings and structures for residential, social, administrative and industrial purposes, as well as in the overhaul of private houses of the old buildings, when the attic is reconstructed to increase the living area, i.e. it meets the condition (criterion) of industrial applicability. The proposed technical solution can also be used in the production of doors, stained-glass windows, shop windows and other building products with translucent nodes.

 A comparative analysis of the proposed technical solution with the known ones shows that the dormer-window is characterized by the presence of the profile of the clamping strip of the window sash and additional installation elements in that the profiles, which are its component parts, are made with one or more closed or open cavities intended for placement in them, with the need to increase the strength characteristics of the dormer-window as a whole, for example, with its increased size and / or the use of multilayer double-glazed windows, about Nogo or more biscuits, as well as the specific design implementation of its individual parts and their mutual arrangement, and in general it is not known from the prior art. Thus, we can conclude that the claimed design meets the condition (criterion) of the invention of "novelty."

 From a comparison of the proposed technical solutions with the known it follows that it clearly does not follow from the prior art, because allows you to assemble windows designed for installation in pitched roofs and providing comfortable living in attic rooms with higher thermal, noise, wind and waterproofing characteristics, since there are no contact points of nodes and parts with good thermal conductivity (such as metal metal"). In addition, when using the proposed technical solution as a type of modular design, the level of unification of products is increased due to (the possibility) of using a single set of profiles of the same cross section for the manufacture of skylights of various sizes and / or with double-glazed windows of different thicknesses (weights), i.e. possessing various strength characteristics, and thus the optimal consumption of the components of the roof window is ensured both from an economic and technical point of view. The assembly of skylights is further simplified in cases where some parts are manufactured with deviations from the specified dimensions. The indirect effect when using this technical solution is to minimize costs in the production of components of the product. Based on the foregoing, this allows us to conclude that the claimed design meets the condition (criterion) of the invention "inventive step".

Claims (13)

 1. An attic window, characterized in that it comprises a single or multilayer double-glazed window, a sash and a window frame made of metal profiles of various sections, made, for example, by extrusion, in which each window sash strapping between two corner sections contains a supporting profile and a sash crossbar profile, in the slots of which at least two thermal inserts are fixed, made, for example, of a material with a low heat transfer coefficient, a space for placement and fastening, for example, due to the forces t A section of the edge of a double-glazed window, protected from the effects of the external atmosphere, is formed by at least two insulating elastic gaskets and a fixing gasket located at one of the side walls of the cross-section of the window sash crossbar and one of the thermal inserts, and each of the window frame strands between two corner sections contains profiles of the internal and external crossbars of the window frame, in the grooves of which are fixed at least two thermal inserts and at least two insulating elastic gaskets forming surfaces for supporting the support the profile and the profile of the window sash crossbar, respectively, it includes a profile of the clamping strip of the window sash, one edge of which is made with a U-shaped cavity to accommodate one of the insulating elastic gaskets involved in the formation of spaces for placing and securing portions of the edges of the double-glazed windows, the middle part which is fixed to the crossbar profile of the window sash, for example, using a screw connection, and the other edge is made on the inside with a protrusion, for example, of rectangular cross section, there is a similar protrusion made on the end of the window sill crossbar and a shank covering the place of contact between the window sash bolt and the external window frame crossbar, as well as the installation site of attachments, for example, in the form of loops, from the influence of the external atmosphere, and additional installation elements located between the sections of the edges of the double-glazed windows and the fixing gasket, moreover, the supporting profile and the profile of the crossbar of the window sash, the profile of the internal and external crossbars of the window frame are made with one or several kimi closed inner and / or non-closed cavities, intended to contain, if necessary enhance the strength characteristics of the roof window as a whole, for example by increasing its size and / or using a multilayer insulating glass, one or more crackers.  2. The dormer-window according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and second thermal inserts are arranged mutually in parallel and are fixed in grooves of the dovetail type of the supporting profile and the cross-section of the window sash, for example, by rolling, and the third and fourth thermal inserts are mutually perpendicular and fixed in the dovetail grooves of the profiles of the internal and external crossbars of the window frame, for example, by rolling.  3. The dormer-window according to claim 1, characterized in that the first and second insulating elastic gaskets therein, forming a space for placing and securing portions of the edges of the double-glazed windows, are located in the U-shaped cavities of the supporting profile and the pressure strip of the window sash, respectively, and the third and the fourth insulating elastic gaskets forming surfaces for supporting the supporting profile and the cross-section of the window sash, respectively, are installed in the U-shaped cavities on the outer sides of the profiles of the inner and outer p window frame needles respectively.  4. The dormer-window according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the supporting profile of the window sash contains at least one internal closed or open cavity for placing, if necessary, one or more crackers located, for example, between the wall, on the outer side of which there are grooves of the "dovetail" type for fixing the ribs of the first and second thermal inserts, and the wall, the outer side of which is supported by a third insulating elastic pad.  5. The dormer-window according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the profile of the crossbar of the sash of the window contains at least one internal closed or open cavity for placing in it, if necessary, one or more crackers, located, for example, in one from the lower corners of the specified profile, between the wall, the outer side of which is adjacent to one of the faces of the fixing gasket, and on which the dovetail grooves for fixing the first and second thermal inserts are located, and the wall, the outer side of which is one of the outer x the walls of the specified profile as a whole, and the wall, the outer side of which rests on the fourth insulating elastic gasket, and at least one internal closed or open cavity for placement in it, if necessary, one or more crackers, located, for example, in one of the upper corners of the specified profile, between the walls, the outer sides of which are external for the specified profile as a whole, and are in contact with the protrusion on the inner surface of the profile of the clamping strip of the sash of the window and, if necessary, with elements of equipment for hanging a dormer-window, for example, in the form of loops.  6. The dormer-window according to claim 1, characterized in that the profile of the inner crossbar of the window frame contains at least one internal closed or open cavity for placing, if necessary, one or more crackers located, for example, in one of the upper corners of the specified profile, between the wall on the outer side of which there is a U-shaped cavity for installing a third insulating elastic gasket in it, and the wall on the outside of which there is a dovetail groove for fixing one of ribs of the third thermal insert, and at least one internal closed or open cavity for placement, if necessary, of one or more crackers, located, for example, in one of the lower corners of the specified profile between the wall with a swallow groove located on it tail "for fixing one of the ribs of the fourth thermal insert, and the bottom wall, the outer side of which is one of the outer walls of the specified profile and the window frame as a whole.  7. The dormer window according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the profile of the external crossbar of the window frame contains at least one internal closed or open cavity for placement in it, if necessary, one or more crackers, located, for example, in one of the lower corners of the specified profile between the walls, on the outer sides of one of which there are grooves of the dovetail type for fixing the ribs of the third and fourth thermal inserts in them, and a wall on the outside of which there is a U-shaped cavity for placing a vertical insulating elastic gasket, and a wall whose external side is external for the specified profile and the window frame as a whole, and at least one internal closed or open cavity for placing, if necessary, one or more crackers, located, for example , in one of the upper corners of the specified profile between the walls, the outer side of one of which is in contact with the attic window, if necessary, with attachments, for example, in the form of loops, and the wall, the outer side Otori is external to the specified profile and window frames in general.  8. The dormer-window according to claim 1, characterized in that in it rusks serving to increase the strength characteristics of the sash and window frame, as well as the dormer-window as a whole, are made of a metal alloy similar to that of which other metal dormer-window profiles are made , with a non-circular, for example, rectangular, external contour, excluding the possibility of rotation of the said crackers around their longitudinal axes in the internal closed or open cavities of the roof window profiles.  9. The dormer-window according to claim 1, characterized in that therein the internal closed or open cavities in the supporting profile and the profile of the crossbar of the window sash, the internal and external crossbars of the window frame are made with at least one protrusion, for example, of rectangular cross-section, which abuts one of the faces of crackers for fixing in a given position.  10. The dormer according to claim 1, characterized in that therein additional mounting elements in the gaps between the edge portions of the double-glazed windows and the fixing gaskets are made, for example, of wooden antiseptic battens.  11. The dormer-window according to claim 1, characterized in that if it is necessary to ensure that the sash is opened around a horizontal or vertical axis, it includes a hinge device, for example, in the form of a clip and a loop, fixed to the cross-sections of the window sash and external crossbars of a window frame respectively. 12. The dormer-window according to claim 1, characterized in that in it, to ensure the removal of penetrating water and / or condensate from the inner surface of the double-glazed window, holes are made with a diameter of 2-5 mm at an angle of 30-60 ^o to the plane of the double-glazed window - in the supporting profile of the window sash - in the bottom wall in places that do not coincide with the contact surface with the third insulating elastic gasket, and in the cross-section of the window sash crossbar - in the side wall in places that do not coincide with the dovetail grooves for fixing the first thermal insert, and similar rst parallel to the plane of the double-glazed window - in the profile of the crossbar of the window sash - in the lower wall above the contact surface with the fourth insulating elastic gasket, and in the profile of the outer crossbar of the window frame - in the walls above the surface formed by the wall profile of the inner crossbar of the window frame with a U-shaped cavity for installation , if necessary, one or more crackers, the wall of the third thermal insert, and the profile wall of the external bolt of the window frame above the cavity to accommodate, if necessary, one or more dry her and then to output the penetrating water and / or condensate outside the roof window.  13. The dormer according to claim 3, characterized in that the first and second insulating elastic gaskets are made on the one hand, with ribbed surfaces forming spaces for placing and securing sections of the edges of the double-glazed windows, and on the other hand, with arrow-shaped protrusions, having an internal closed cavity, for example, of rectangular cross section, which are installed in the U-shaped cavities of the profiles of the pressure strip and the crossbar of the sash, respectively, and the third and fourth insulating elastic gaskets are made with one on the other hand, with open cavities, the upper clamping petals of which form surfaces for supporting the supporting profile and the cross-section of the window sash, respectively, and on the other hand, with arrow-shaped protrusions having an internal closed cavity, for example, of rectangular cross section, which are included in the U-shaped cavities profiles of internal and external crossbars of the window frame, respectively.

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