EP2836287A1 - Procede de traitement d'un flux gazeux par absorption utilisant un compose de formule ch3 - (och2) n-0-ch3 - Google Patents
Procede de traitement d'un flux gazeux par absorption utilisant un compose de formule ch3 - (och2) n-0-ch3Info
- Publication number
- EP2836287A1 EP2836287A1 EP13720460.8A EP13720460A EP2836287A1 EP 2836287 A1 EP2836287 A1 EP 2836287A1 EP 13720460 A EP13720460 A EP 13720460A EP 2836287 A1 EP2836287 A1 EP 2836287A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- gas
- solvent
- washing solvent
- pom
- methyl
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 65
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 title claims description 70
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 148
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 109
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 79
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 32
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 31
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 29
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 58
- 230000008569 process Effects 0.000 claims description 45
- CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(C)CCO CRVGTESFCCXCTH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 21
- 150000001412 amines Chemical class 0.000 claims description 13
- GIAFURWZWWWBQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-(2-aminoethoxy)ethanol Chemical compound NCCOCCO GIAFURWZWWWBQT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 9
- ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethanolamine Chemical compound OCCNCCO ZBCBWPMODOFKDW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 8
- LVTYICIALWPMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N diisopropanolamine Chemical compound CC(O)CNCC(C)O LVTYICIALWPMFW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 7
- 229940043276 diisopropanolamine Drugs 0.000 claims description 7
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 7
- HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-Aminoethan-1-ol Chemical compound NCCO HZAXFHJVJLSVMW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Triethanolamine Chemical compound OCCN(CCO)CCO GSEJCLTVZPLZKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 230000002378 acidificating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 5
- 230000001172 regenerating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 abstract description 3
- 230000009102 absorption Effects 0.000 description 67
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 58
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 27
- 238000011069 regeneration method Methods 0.000 description 27
- 230000008929 regeneration Effects 0.000 description 24
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N N-Methylpyrrolidone Chemical compound CN1CCCC1=O SECXISVLQFMRJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 13
- OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methanol Chemical compound OC OKKJLVBELUTLKV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N carbonyl sulfide Chemical compound O=C=S JJWKPURADFRFRB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 238000010586 diagram Methods 0.000 description 10
- LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N hydrogen cyanide Chemical compound N#C LELOWRISYMNNSU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 10
- XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dimethoxyethane Chemical compound COCCOC XTHFKEDIFFGKHM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Piperazine Chemical compound C1CNCCN1 GLUUGHFHXGJENI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 8
- 238000003786 synthesis reaction Methods 0.000 description 8
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 6
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 description 6
- 239000002250 absorbent Substances 0.000 description 5
- 230000002745 absorbent Effects 0.000 description 5
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 5
- -1 polyoxymethylene dimethyl ether Polymers 0.000 description 5
- WFCSWCVEJLETKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-piperazin-1-ylethanol Chemical compound OCCN1CCNCC1 WFCSWCVEJLETKA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N methane Chemical compound C VNWKTOKETHGBQD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 4
- 150000003512 tertiary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 4
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethanol Chemical compound CCO LFQSCWFLJHTTHZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000002202 Polyethylene glycol Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000008901 benefit Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000007423 decrease Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 230000008020 evaporation Effects 0.000 description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920001223 polyethylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 229920006324 polyoxymethylene Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 238000000746 purification Methods 0.000 description 3
- QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ammonia Chemical compound N QGZKDVFQNNGYKY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N Dihydrogen sulfide Chemical compound S RWSOTUBLDIXVET-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000002841 Lewis acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229930040373 Paraformaldehyde Natural products 0.000 description 2
- 238000007171 acid catalysis Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000012190 activator Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002090 carbon oxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000008246 gaseous mixture Substances 0.000 description 2
- 150000007517 lewis acids Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 2
- WCYWZMWISLQXQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N methyl Chemical class [CH3] WCYWZMWISLQXQU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 150000003141 primary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 229920006395 saturated elastomer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 150000003335 secondary amines Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- ONIKNECPXCLUHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2-chlorobenzoyl chloride Chemical group ClC(=O)C1=CC=CC=C1Cl ONIKNECPXCLUHT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N Sulfur Chemical compound [S] NINIDFKCEFEMDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N acetaldehyde Diethyl Acetal Natural products CCOC(C)OCC DHKHKXVYLBGOIT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910021529 ammonia Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 125000004429 atom Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003054 catalyst Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004891 communication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000001816 cooling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 150000001983 dialkylethers Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N diethylene glycol Chemical class OCCOCCO MTHSVFCYNBDYFN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N dimethoxymethane Chemical compound COCOC NKDDWNXOKDWJAK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 230000008030 elimination Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000003379 elimination reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005265 energy consumption Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007613 environmental effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N ethoxymethoxyethane Chemical compound CCOCOCC KLKFAASOGCDTDT-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000007701 flash-distillation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000004907 flux Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000005802 health problem Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229930195733 hydrocarbon Natural products 0.000 description 1
- 150000002430 hydrocarbons Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical class [H]* 0.000 description 1
- 230000007062 hydrolysis Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000006460 hydrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000011261 inert gas Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007791 liquid phase Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- NSPJNIDYTSSIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(methoxymethoxy)methane Chemical compound COCOCOC NSPJNIDYTSSIIY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NYENPQBYHWPGNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(methoxymethoxymethoxy)methane Chemical compound COCOCOCOC NYENPQBYHWPGNG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ZWVWZUHELWJLMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(methoxymethoxymethoxymethoxy)methane Chemical compound COCOCOCOCOC ZWVWZUHELWJLMG-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VBVRQNRIUBCFDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(methoxymethoxymethoxymethoxymethoxy)methane Chemical compound COCOCOCOCOCOC VBVRQNRIUBCFDL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- AYQXFHNQVFEIRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(methoxymethoxymethoxymethoxymethoxymethoxy)methane Chemical compound COCOCOCOCOCOCOC AYQXFHNQVFEIRM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- PCGQGRSPGOZXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(methoxymethoxymethoxymethoxymethoxymethoxymethoxy)methane Chemical compound COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOC PCGQGRSPGOZXTL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- KGCHCZLEIBUSBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N methoxy(methoxymethoxymethoxymethoxymethoxymethoxymethoxymethoxy)methane Chemical compound COCOCOCOCOCOCOCOCOC KGCHCZLEIBUSBO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 229920001515 polyalkylene glycol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000004321 preservation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002516 radical scavenger Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005201 scrubbing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052717 sulfur Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011593 sulfur Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001308 synthesis method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010189 synthetic method Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
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- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B3/00—Hydrogen; Gaseous mixtures containing hydrogen; Separation of hydrogen from mixtures containing it; Purification of hydrogen
- C01B3/50—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification
- C01B3/52—Separation of hydrogen or hydrogen containing gases from gaseous mixtures, e.g. purification by contacting with liquids; Regeneration of used liquids
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1425—Regeneration of liquid absorbents
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
- B01D53/1462—Removing mixtures of hydrogen sulfide and carbon dioxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
- B01D53/1468—Removing hydrogen sulfide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1456—Removing acid components
- B01D53/1475—Removing carbon dioxide
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D53/00—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols
- B01D53/14—Separation of gases or vapours; Recovering vapours of volatile solvents from gases; Chemical or biological purification of waste gases, e.g. engine exhaust gases, smoke, fumes, flue gases, aerosols by absorption
- B01D53/1493—Selection of liquid materials for use as absorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
- C10K1/003—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants, e.g. acid gas removal
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/002—Removal of contaminants
- C10K1/003—Removal of contaminants of acid contaminants, e.g. acid gas removal
- C10K1/004—Sulfur containing contaminants, e.g. hydrogen sulfide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
- C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
- C10K1/12—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors
- C10K1/14—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors organic
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C10—PETROLEUM, GAS OR COKE INDUSTRIES; TECHNICAL GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE; FUELS; LUBRICANTS; PEAT
- C10K—PURIFYING OR MODIFYING THE CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF COMBUSTIBLE GASES CONTAINING CARBON MONOXIDE
- C10K1/00—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide
- C10K1/08—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors
- C10K1/10—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids
- C10K1/12—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors
- C10K1/14—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors organic
- C10K1/143—Purifying combustible gases containing carbon monoxide by washing with liquids; Reviving the used wash liquors with aqueous liquids alkaline-reacting including the revival of the used wash liquors organic containing amino groups
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
- B01D2252/202—Alcohols or their derivatives
- B01D2252/2023—Glycols, diols or their derivatives
- B01D2252/2025—Ethers or esters of alkylene glycols, e.g. ethylene or propylene carbonate
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
- B01D2252/204—Amines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/20—Organic absorbents
- B01D2252/204—Amines
- B01D2252/20478—Alkanolamines
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B01—PHYSICAL OR CHEMICAL PROCESSES OR APPARATUS IN GENERAL
- B01D—SEPARATION
- B01D2252/00—Absorbents, i.e. solvents and liquid materials for gas absorption
- B01D2252/50—Combinations of absorbents
- B01D2252/504—Mixtures of two or more absorbents
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0415—Purification by absorption in liquids
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
- C01B2203/0475—Composition of the impurity the impurity being carbon dioxide
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C01—INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
- C01B—NON-METALLIC ELEMENTS; COMPOUNDS THEREOF; METALLOIDS OR COMPOUNDS THEREOF NOT COVERED BY SUBCLASS C01C
- C01B2203/00—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas
- C01B2203/04—Integrated processes for the production of hydrogen or synthesis gas containing a purification step for the hydrogen or the synthesis gas
- C01B2203/0465—Composition of the impurity
- C01B2203/0485—Composition of the impurity the impurity being a sulfur compound
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- Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
- Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
- Y02P—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES IN THE PRODUCTION OR PROCESSING OF GOODS
- Y02P20/00—Technologies relating to chemical industry
- Y02P20/151—Reduction of greenhouse gas [GHG] emissions, e.g. CO2
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for purifying a synthesis gas containing at least 50% of a mixture of CO and H 2 and 10 to 50% of acid gases.
- Syngas also known as syngas, is a gaseous mixture of carbon monoxide (CO) and hydrogen (H 2 ) in varying proportions. It also very often contains acid gases. "Acidic gases” means the
- the synthesis gas may optionally also contain carbon oxysulfide (COS), ammonia (NH 3 ), hydrogen cyanide (HCN), methane (CH 4 ), nitrogen (N 2 ) and water (H 2 0).
- COS carbon oxysulfide
- NH 3 ammonia
- HCN hydrogen cyanide
- CH 4 methane
- N 2 nitrogen
- H 2 0 water
- Methods for acid gas removal by solvent washing are traditionally used to partially or completely remove CO 2 and H 2 S from the synthesis gas. These processes generally involve introducing into a bottom washing tower the gas to
- the Rectisol® process uses methanol as the solvent. This compound has a very high vapor pressure, which makes it very volatile. To limit methanol losses by evaporation, it is therefore necessary to work at very low temperatures (down to -70 ° C) or to set up washing towers with water. This represents one of the main disadvantages of this technology because the cooling system is energy intensive and the facilities to be provided to work at these temperatures are expensive.
- the solvent used is polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether (DMEPG) which has a very low vapor pressure, which makes it less volatile and therefore limits the losses by evaporation.
- DMEPG polyethylene glycol dimethyl ether
- the relative solubility of H 2 S in DMEPG is much higher than that of C0 2 .
- the Selexol® process is thus based on a double absorption with two columns operating in a cycle: the first column makes it possible to capture the H 2 S while the second column makes it possible to capture the C0 2 .
- Regeneration of the solvent used in the second column is by several flash distillations, by successive expansion or by withdrawal by an inert gas such as air or nitrogen. Traces of water, HCN and possibly mercaptans can also be eliminated on this occasion.
- the flow diagram is similar to that of the Selexol® process with two wash columns: one for the absorption of H 2 S and one for the absorption of CO 2 .
- NMP catalyzes the hydrolysis of carbon oxysulfide (COS): it is therefore an interesting solvent for the capture of sulfur products.
- the present invention relates to a process for purifying a gas comprising at least 50% by volume of a mixture of CO and H 2 and acid gases, using as washing solvent a compound or a mixture of compounds of formula CH 3 - (OCH 2) n -O-CH 3 , n being between 1 and 20, preferably between 2 and 10.
- the invention more specifically relates to a process for purifying a gas comprising at least 50% by volume of a mixture of CO and H 2 and from 10% to 50% by volume of an acidic gas chosen from CO2, IH S and a mixture of CO2 and H2 S, comprising a step (a) of contacting the gas with a washing solvent to absorb acidic gas in the wash solvent, and a step (b) consisting in recovering, on the one hand, a purified gas stream and, on the other hand, the washing solvent used, the washing solvent comprising at least one compound of formula CH 3 - (OCH 2 ) n -O-CH 3 , n being between 1 and 20.
- the washing solvent can be a mixture of at least one compound of formula CH 3 - (OCH 2 ) n -O-CH 3 , n being between 1 and 20, and a solvent of the family of amines.
- the subject of the invention is a method for purifying a gas. It can be a process for removing acid gases from a gas.
- acid gas removal is meant in the present description a treatment to remove at least partly, preferably at least 50%, more preferably at least 70%, more preferably at least 90% , and preferably completely, the CO 2 and / or the IH 3 S present in the gas to be treated.
- the process of the present invention may advantageously be a CO 2 removal process.
- the gas to be treated is a gas comprising at least 50% by volume, preferably from 50% to 85%, more preferably from 55% to 80%, and even more preferably from 60% to 70%, a mixture of CO and H 2 .
- the gas to be treated comprises from 10% to 50% by volume, preferably from 15% to 50%, more preferably from 20% to 50%, and even more preferably from 30% to 45%, acid gas selected from CO 2 , H 2 S and a mixture of CO 2 and H 2 S.
- the gas to be treated comprises from 10% to 50% by volume, preferably from 15% to 50%, more preferably from 20% to 50%, and still more preferably from 30% to 45%. of C0 2 .
- the gas to be treated is free of H 2 S.
- the expression "free of” in the present application means that the compound is totally absent or that it is present only in the form of traces.
- the gas to be treated further comprises H 2 S, preferably in a concentration of between 0.01% and 10% by volume.
- the gas to be treated may include:
- the washing solvent comprises at least one POM-METHYL compound for which n is between 1 and 20.
- n is between 2 and 10.
- the washing solvent may comprise a mixture of POM-methyl compounds.
- the washing solvent comprises a mixture of said compounds.
- POM-METHYL compounds have a capacity CO 2 absorption higher than that of washing solvents conventionally used, for example methanol, DMPEG or NMP.
- the absorption of C0 2 proved to be very selective with respect to CO and ⁇ 2 .
- the washing solvent of the present invention advantageously makes it possible to capture the CO 2 present in the gas to be treated efficiently.
- the POM-METHYL compounds exhibit, at ambient temperature, a low viscosity compared to the solvents of the prior art. They can therefore advantageously be used in acid gas removal processes under less stringent operating conditions than processes using the solvents of the state of the art.
- POM-METHYL compounds are harmless and do not cause environmental and health problems.
- the washing solvent may consist of a mixture of POM-METHYL compounds for which n is between 1 and 20, preferably between 2 and 10.
- the washing solvent in the present invention may further comprise a solvent of the family of amines, preferably of the family of alkanolamines.
- This solvent of the alkanolamine family may be chosen, preferably, from the group consisting of monoethanolamine (MEA), 2-aminoethoxyethanol also known as diglycolamine (DGA), diisopropanolamine (DIPA), diethanolamine (DEA), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) , triethanolamine (TEA), sterically hindered amines and mixtures thereof.
- the process of the present invention is particularly advantageous in that it tolerates the presence of water in the gas. Indeed, the inventors have discovered that the CO 2 absorption capacity of the POM-METHYL compounds was also not deteriorated by the presence of water.
- the gas to be treated may therefore comprise water in an amount up to the saturation of the gas in water.
- the method according to the invention may further comprise a step of separating the water from the purified gas stream by decantation.
- the step (a) of contacting the gas to be treated with the washing solvent can be carried out according to all the methods known to those skilled in the art.
- One method may be to introduce the gas to be treated from the bottom of a scrubber, and to introduce the scrubbing solvent from above into liquid form.
- the countercurrent circulation of the gas through the liquid solvent ensures a large contact area. It is also possible to use packed columns. During this contact, the acid gases, in particular CO 2 , contained in the gas to be treated are absorbed in the washing solvent.
- the absorption capacity of the acid gas by the washing solvent depends on the temperature and the pressure of the gas to be treated.
- the absorption during step (a) can be carried out at an absolute pressure ranging from 1 to 80 bar, preferably from 10 to 60 bar.
- the absorption during step (a) can be carried out at a temperature ranging from -40 ° C to +60 ° C, preferably from 5 ° C to 30 ° C.
- step (b) of the process according to the invention it is possible to recover, during step (b) of the process according to the invention, on the one hand a purified gaseous flow and on the other hand the used washing solvent.
- the purified gas stream advantageously has a concentration of acid gas, in particular CO 2 , of less than 5% by volume, preferably between 0 and 4%.
- the process according to the invention may comprise a step (c) of regenerating the used washing solvent, by expansion and possibly by heating, and a step (d) of recovering on the one hand a stream of acid gases. , preferably CO 2 , and secondly regenerated washing solvent.
- the majority of the regenerated washing solvent recovered at the end of step (d) according to the invention can be used as washing solvent in step (a).
- the inventors have discovered that it is possible to implement the process of the present invention by absorption-regeneration cycles without the absorption capacity of acid gases, and in particular of CO 2 , by the solvent decreasing in time, and this without input or with a low input of thermal energy. Indeed, they found that the solvent could be regenerated at atmospheric pressure or under vacuum, at room temperature, without the absorption capacity of acid gases, including CO 2 , of the solvent is affected. It is therefore possible to minimize the energy expenditure generally required for the regeneration of the washing solvent.
- the expansion during step (c) can be carried out at an absolute pressure ranging from 0.3 to 1.1 bar, and preferably at atmospheric pressure. Thus, it is not necessary to spend energy to create a vacuum.
- the expansion during step (c) can be carried out at a temperature ranging from 0 to 150 ° C.
- the expansion temperature is preferably between 10 ° C and 30 ° C, more preferably between 15 ° C and 25 ° C, and even more preferably at room temperature.
- the expansion temperature is preferably between 20 ° C.
- a solvent recovery device for example a condenser, can be added to the washing plant so as to limit losses by recovering the evaporated solvent.
- the step (c) of regeneration of the used washing solvent can be carried out according to all the conventional methods known to those skilled in the art.
- step (c) comprises several detents.
- step (c) it is possible to recover during step (d) of the process according to the invention on the one hand a flow of acid gas, and on the other hand regenerated washing solvent.
- the stream of recovered acid gas may advantageously comprise CO 2 , H 2 S or a mixture of these two gases, in a content of at least 98% by volume.
- steps (c) and (d) can be successively repeated twice or more.
- the regenerated wash solvent recovered in step (d) can be regenerated again by relaxation during a new stage (c).
- the repetition of steps (c) and (d) can be done as many times as necessary to obtain a wash solvent having the desired purity.
- the used washing solvent, recovered during step (b), can optionally itself be subjected to a washing step, with the same washing solvent, so as to eliminate certain compounds, possibly before to be regenerated.
- the gas purification process is repeated successively two or more times.
- the purified gas stream recovered in step (b) can be brought into contact again with a washing solvent according to step (a).
- wash solvent used in each step (a) may be the same or different. However, it is preferred that these solvents be the same so that they can be recycled in one or other of the washing steps.
- the used washing solvent, recovered during each step (b) can be regenerated in a step (c) and recovered according to a step (d), as described in the present invention.
- the process further comprises a step (a ') of removing at least partially the H 2 S present in the gas to be treated, before bringing the gas into contact with the washing solvent.
- a ' of removing at least partially the H 2 S present in the gas to be treated, before bringing the gas into contact with the washing solvent.
- Step (a ') can be carried out according to all conventional methods, known to those skilled in the art.
- step (a ') may consist, as in step (a), in bringing the gas to be treated into contact with a second washing solvent, according to the known techniques.
- the washing solvent may be one of those known to those skilled in the art for this use.
- the second washing solvent may comprise at least one POM-METHYL compound for which n is between 1 and 20, preferably between 1 and 10.
- the second washing solvent may be chosen from those previously described.
- the second washing solvent may further advantageously comprise a solvent of the family of amines, preferably of the family of alkanolamines.
- This solvent of the alkanolamine family may be preferably selected from the group consisting of monoethanolamine (MEA), 2-aminoethoxyethanol also known as diglycolamine (DGA), diisopropanolamine (DIPA), diethanolamine (DEA). ), methyldiethanolamine (MDEA), triethanolamine (TEA), sterically hindered amines and mixtures thereof.
- the tertiary amines can be activated as known to those skilled in the art.
- hydroxyethylpiperazine and piperazine are known as activators of tertiary amines.
- the solvent of the family of amines can then be a mixture of methyldiethanolamine (MDEA) and primary or secondary amines, in particular hydroxyethylpiperazine or piperazine.
- MDEA methyldiethanolamine
- primary or secondary amines in particular hydroxyethylpiperazine or piperazine.
- the first and second wash solvent may be different. However, it is preferred that these two solvents be the same so that they can be recycled in one or other of the washing steps.
- the process according to the invention advantageously allows selective separation of these two gases via two successive washing cycles.
- FIG. 1 schematically represents an embodiment of an installation for implementing the method. according to the invention.
- FIG. 1 represents a plant 1 enabling the implementation of the process for purifying a gas brought by line 2.
- This gas to be treated comprises CO 2 , CO and ⁇ 2 orally, with possibly H 2 S, CH 4 , N 2 and water.
- the installation 1 comprises an H 2 S 3 separation unit.
- This unit 3 is a washing unit with a washing solvent comprising at least one compound of the POM-METHYL type, optionally combined with an amine-type compound (for example: example MDEA, DEA). It may include a contactor in the form of a column. Such a deacidification unit may also be provided with a clean system for regenerating the washing solvent.
- the washing solvent used in unit 3 comes from two sources: it is composed of fresh solvent from line 4 and regenerated solvent A and / or B from line 5.
- the gas to be treated entering the process is introduced into unit 3 via line 2 and the washing solvent via line 6.
- the majority of the H 2 S 3 optionally contained in the gas to be treated is absorbed by the solvent of washing in unit 3 and the wash solvent rich in H 2 S is recovered at the outlet via line 7.
- the gas to be treated, poor in H 2 S, leaves via line 8 and is sent to a separation unit of CO 2 9.
- the separation unit 9 is a washing unit with a washing solvent comprising at least one POM-METHYL type compound, optionally combined with an amine-type compound (for example MDEA, DEA). It may include a contactor in the form of a column. This unit is also provided with a system for regenerating the absorbent solution.
- a washing solvent comprising at least one POM-METHYL type compound, optionally combined with an amine-type compound (for example MDEA, DEA). It may include a contactor in the form of a column.
- This unit is also provided with a system for regenerating the absorbent solution.
- Unit 9 is supplied in the liquid phase via line 12 which comprises fresh wash solvent 10 and regenerated wash solvent A and / or B from line 11.
- the CO 2 9 separation unit is fed with gas to be treated with the H 2 S poor gas coming from the unit 3, via the line 8 and with the washing solvent via the line 12.
- the majority of the CO 2 contained in the gas to be treated is absorbed by the washing solvent.
- the purified gas stream is recovered via line 13, whereas the used washing solvent, loaded with CO 2 , is sent to regeneration unit 14 via line 15.
- the regeneration unit 14 recovers the CO2 gas contained in the CO 2 -containing solvent leaving unit 9.
- the CO 2 is recovered via line 16.
- the regenerated solvent A is recovered from unit 14 via line 17 and can be returned to the units 3 and / or 9 and / or 19.
- the water potentially present in the washing solvent can be separated and recovered by the line 18, for example by decantation.
- the installation also consists of a selective regeneration unit 19 which recovers the CO2 contained in the liquid absorbent from the separation unit of IH 3 S 3, via the line 7. It is supplied with washing solvent by recycling solvent A and / or B from units 14 and / or 23 through line 20.
- the CO2 is recovered at the outlet of unit 19 via line 21 and the partially regenerated solvent, depleted of CO2, leaves unit 19 via line 22 and is sent to a final regeneration unit 23.
- the H 2 S is separated from the absorbent liquid and exits via line 25.
- the solvent is regenerated (regenerated solvent B) and exits via line 24. It is returned to units 3 and / or 9 and / or 19. Potentially present water may be separated and recovered by line 26.
- FIG. 2 is a diagram illustrating the rate of absorption of CO2 as a function of pressure by the compound POM-METHYL (2, 8) at different temperatures.
- the absorption capacity is given in NL / Kg in ordinate and the absolute pressure in abscissa.
- FIG. 3 is a diagram illustrating the rate of absorption of CO 2 as a function of pressure by the compound POM-METHYL (2.8) and by NMP.
- the absorption capacity is given in NL / Kg on the ordinate and the absolute pressure on the abscissa.
- FIG. 4 is a diagram illustrating the absorption rate of CO as a function of pressure by the compound POM-METHYL (2, 8) at different temperatures.
- the absorption capacity is given in NL / Kg on the ordinate and the absolute pressure on the abscissa.
- FIG. 5 is a diagram illustrating the rate of absorption of H 2 as a function of pressure by the compound POM-METHYL (2, 8) at different temperatures.
- the absorption capacity is given in NL / Kg on the ordinate and the absolute pressure on the abscissa.
- FIG. 6 is a diagram illustrating the absorption-regeneration cycles of the absorbent compound (POM-METHYL (2, 8)). The regenerations were carried out at 25 ° C. at atmospheric pressure and at 25 ° C. under an absolute pressure of 0.3 bar. The absorption capacity is indicated on the ordinate in NL / Kg at 10 bar (absolute pressure). The number of cycles is specified on the abscissa.
- FIG. 7 is a diagram illustrating the absorption-regeneration cycles of the absorbent compound (POM-METHYL (2, 8)). Regenerations were carried out at 25 ° C at atmospheric pressure and at 80 ° C under atmospheric pressure. The absorption capacity is indicated on the ordinate in NL / Kg at 10 bar (absolute pressure). The number of cycles is specified on the abscissa.
- FIG. 8 is a diagram illustrating the absorption rate of CO 2 in a moist gas stream with the POM-METHYL compound (2, 8) and the regeneration of this flux.
- the absorption capacity is indicated on the ordinate in NL / Kg at 10 bar (absolute pressure).
- the number of cycles is specified on the abscissa. Regenerations were performed at 25 ° C and atmospheric pressure.
- FIG. 9 is a diagram illustrating the absorption capacity of CO 2 by a mixture of POM-METHYL (2, 8) (80%) and MDEA (20%) compounds.
- the absorption capacity is given in NL / Kg on the ordinate and the absolute pressure on the abscissa.
- Figure 10 is a diagram illustrating the absorption capacity of H 2 S with a mixture of POM-METHYL (2, 8) compounds (80%) and MDEA (20%).
- the absorption capacity is given in NL / Kg on the ordinate and the absolute pressure on the abscissa.
- the measurements were made using a pilot laboratory absorption unit. In an I L reactor, a certain amount of the washing solvent was introduced. The little air in the atmosphere was removed by evacuating the reactor with a vacuum pump. The gas on which measurements were to be made was stored in a 1 L flask. A certain quantity of this gas was sent to the reactor.
- the reactor and the balloon, as well as their communication lines, were equipped with pressure and temperature sensors.
- the reactor was stirred.
- the decrease of the pressure in the reactor indicates the absorption of the gas by the solvent. It is therefore possible, by this method, to calculate the amount of gas absorbed by the solvent, and therefore the absorption capacity of the gas by the solvent, depending on the pressure at a given temperature.
- POM-METHYL (2,8) denotes the washing solvent comprising a mixture of compounds of formula CH 3 - (OCH 2 ) n -O-CH 3 , n ranging from 2 to 8.
- the CO 2 absorption capacity by POM-METHYL (2.8) was measured according to the protocol described above, and then the solvent was regenerated by expansion. The absorption - regeneration cycle was repeated a number of times. At each cycle, the absorption capacity of C0 2 by POM-METHYL (2.8) was remeasured.
- the C0 2 absorption capacity by POM-METHYL (2, 8) was measured according to the protocol described above, and then the solvent was regenerated. The regeneration absorption cycle was repeated a number of times. At each cycle, the CO 2 absorption capacity by POM-METHYL (2, 8) was remeasured.
- the absorption capacity of CO 2 by POM-METHYL (2,8) was measured according to the protocol described above, and then the solvent was regenerated by expansion.
- the absorption - regeneration cycle was repeated a number of times. At each cycle, the CO 2 absorption capacity by POM-METHYL (2, 8) was remeasured.
- the solvent was used in one pure case, and in another case in a mixture with water (90% by weight of methylmethyl) and 10% by weight of water).
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Abstract
Description
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR1253272A FR2989004B1 (fr) | 2012-04-10 | 2012-04-10 | Procede de traitement d'un flux gazeux par absorption |
PCT/FR2013/050762 WO2013171386A1 (fr) | 2012-04-10 | 2013-04-08 | Procede de traitement d'un flux gazeux par absorption utilisant un compose de formule ch3 - (och2) n-0-ch3 |
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Publication Number | Publication Date |
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EP2836287A1 true EP2836287A1 (fr) | 2015-02-18 |
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EP13720460.8A Withdrawn EP2836287A1 (fr) | 2012-04-10 | 2013-04-08 | Procede de traitement d'un flux gazeux par absorption utilisant un compose de formule ch3 - (och2) n-0-ch3 |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
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US (1) | US20150197422A1 (fr) |
EP (1) | EP2836287A1 (fr) |
FR (1) | FR2989004B1 (fr) |
WO (1) | WO2013171386A1 (fr) |
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DE102015015310A1 (de) * | 2015-11-26 | 2017-06-14 | Linde Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Kohlendioxidabtrennung aus Synthesegas |
RU2689754C1 (ru) * | 2016-01-08 | 2019-05-28 | ЭКОЛАБ ЮЭсЭй ИНК. | Многофункциональный продукт, способный удалять примеси сероводорода и ингибировать гидратообразование |
CN109513313A (zh) * | 2017-09-20 | 2019-03-26 | 中国石油化工股份有限公司 | 一种二氧化碳捕集溶剂的低温催化再生方法 |
FR3127335A1 (fr) * | 2021-09-21 | 2023-03-24 | Safran Power Units | Ensemble et procédé d’utilisation d’une pile à combustible à membrane d’échange et d’un dispositif de capture d’acide |
Family Cites Families (10)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
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US2449469A (en) | 1944-11-02 | 1948-09-14 | Du Pont | Preparation of polyformals |
FR1462943A (fr) | 1966-08-23 | 1966-12-16 | Inst Khim Fiz An Usrr | Procédé de préparation de copolymères-blocs de formaldéhyde |
US4044100A (en) * | 1969-12-08 | 1977-08-23 | Allied Chemical Corporation | Separation of acidic gas constituents from gaseous mixtures containing the same |
FR2636857B1 (fr) * | 1988-09-26 | 1990-12-14 | Inst Francais Du Petrole | Procede de deshydratation, de desacidification et de separation d'un condensat d'un gaz naturel |
US6392102B1 (en) * | 1998-11-12 | 2002-05-21 | Bp Corporation North America Inc. | Preparation of polyoxymethylene dimethyl ethers by catalytic conversion of formaldehyde formed by oxidation of dimethyl ether |
JP4533515B2 (ja) * | 2000-08-16 | 2010-09-01 | 三菱重工業株式会社 | 合成ガスの製造方法 |
FR2881750A1 (fr) | 2005-02-09 | 2006-08-11 | Arkema Sa | Nouveaux carburants liquides de type methoxy utilisables dans les piles a combustibles |
FR2933271B1 (fr) | 2008-07-01 | 2010-07-30 | Arkema France | Compositions topiques pour la conservation du corps humain ou animal |
US8475571B2 (en) * | 2010-04-23 | 2013-07-02 | General Electric Company | System for gas purification and recovery with multiple solvents |
FR2966054B1 (fr) * | 2010-10-18 | 2015-02-27 | Arkema France | Capture d'oxydes de carbone |
-
2012
- 2012-04-10 FR FR1253272A patent/FR2989004B1/fr not_active Expired - Fee Related
-
2013
- 2013-04-08 WO PCT/FR2013/050762 patent/WO2013171386A1/fr active Application Filing
- 2013-04-08 US US14/391,286 patent/US20150197422A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 2013-04-08 EP EP13720460.8A patent/EP2836287A1/fr not_active Withdrawn
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Title |
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See references of WO2013171386A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
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FR2989004A1 (fr) | 2013-10-11 |
US20150197422A1 (en) | 2015-07-16 |
WO2013171386A1 (fr) | 2013-11-21 |
FR2989004B1 (fr) | 2014-05-02 |
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