EP2826895B1 - Fibre bi-composants destinée à la fabrication de matières non tissées - Google Patents

Fibre bi-composants destinée à la fabrication de matières non tissées Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2826895B1
EP2826895B1 EP14002315.1A EP14002315A EP2826895B1 EP 2826895 B1 EP2826895 B1 EP 2826895B1 EP 14002315 A EP14002315 A EP 14002315A EP 2826895 B1 EP2826895 B1 EP 2826895B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
component
fibers
bicomponent fibre
bicomponent
fiber
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EP14002315.1A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2826895A1 (fr
Inventor
Jörn SCHRÖER
Daniel Placke
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Ewald Doerken AG
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Ewald Doerken AG
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Priority to PL14002315T priority Critical patent/PL2826895T3/pl
Publication of EP2826895A1 publication Critical patent/EP2826895A1/fr
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F1/00—General methods for the manufacture of artificial filaments or the like
    • D01F1/02—Addition of substances to the spinning solution or to the melt
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/18—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from other substances
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/005—Synthetic yarns or filaments
    • D04H3/007—Addition polymers
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/14—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic yarns or filaments produced by welding
    • D04H3/147—Composite yarns or filaments
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D04—BRAIDING; LACE-MAKING; KNITTING; TRIMMINGS; NON-WOVEN FABRICS
    • D04H—MAKING TEXTILE FABRICS, e.g. FROM FIBRES OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL; FABRICS MADE BY SUCH PROCESSES OR APPARATUS, e.g. FELTS, NON-WOVEN FABRICS; COTTON-WOOL; WADDING ; NON-WOVEN FABRICS FROM STAPLE FIBRES, FILAMENTS OR YARNS, BONDED WITH AT LEAST ONE WEB-LIKE MATERIAL DURING THEIR CONSOLIDATION
    • D04H3/00—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length
    • D04H3/08—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating
    • D04H3/16—Non-woven fabrics formed wholly or mainly of yarns or like filamentary material of substantial length characterised by the method of strengthening or consolidating with bonds between thermoplastic filaments produced in association with filament formation, e.g. immediately following extrusion
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D01—NATURAL OR MAN-MADE THREADS OR FIBRES; SPINNING
    • D01F—CHEMICAL FEATURES IN THE MANUFACTURE OF ARTIFICIAL FILAMENTS, THREADS, FIBRES, BRISTLES OR RIBBONS; APPARATUS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF CARBON FILAMENTS
    • D01F8/00—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof
    • D01F8/04—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers
    • D01F8/06—Conjugated, i.e. bi- or multicomponent, artificial filaments or the like; Manufacture thereof from synthetic polymers with at least one polyolefin as constituent
    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D10—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B—INDEXING SCHEME ASSOCIATED WITH SUBLASSES OF SECTION D, RELATING TO TEXTILES
    • D10B2321/00—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds
    • D10B2321/02—Fibres made from polymers obtained by reactions only involving carbon-to-carbon unsaturated bonds polyolefins
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/29—Coated or structually defined flake, particle, cell, strand, strand portion, rod, filament, macroscopic fiber or mass thereof
    • Y10T428/2913—Rod, strand, filament or fiber
    • Y10T428/2929—Bicomponent, conjugate, composite or collateral fibers or filaments [i.e., coextruded sheath-core or side-by-side type]
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T442/00—Fabric [woven, knitted, or nonwoven textile or cloth, etc.]
    • Y10T442/60—Nonwoven fabric [i.e., nonwoven strand or fiber material]
    • Y10T442/637—Including strand or fiber material which is a monofilament composed of two or more polymeric materials in physically distinct relationship [e.g., sheath-core, side-by-side, islands-in-sea, fibrils-in-matrix, etc.] or composed of physical blend of chemically different polymeric materials or a physical blend of a polymeric material and a filler material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a bicomponent fiber, in particular for the production of spunbonded nonwovens, with a first component and a second component, wherein the first component comprises a first polymer and the second component comprises a second polymer as constituent and wherein the first component surrounds the second component. Furthermore, the invention relates to a spunbonded nonwoven with at least one bicomponent fiber of the aforementioned type.
  • Bicomponent fibers of the type in question usually have a first component of a first polymer and a second component of a second polymer.
  • different types of bicomponent fibers can be distinguished, each having different characteristic distributions of the components in the fiber cross section.
  • Bicomponent fibers in which the first component surrounds and thus encloses the second component in the cross-section of the fiber are referred to as core-sheath fibers.
  • Bicomponent fibers in which both the first component and the second component form part of the fiber surface in the cross-section of the fiber are referred to as side-by-side fibers.
  • Fibers having structures in which multiple strands of one component are embedded in a strand of the other component to form an image in cross-section reminiscent of a plurality of islands formed as a component are referred to as Iceland-in-the-Sea fibers designated.
  • Bicomponent fibers in which in each case a plurality of regions of the respective component is present in cross-section and forms the outer fiber surface are referred to as segmented pie fibers, since the regions of the individual components in the cross-section regularly have a cake-like division.
  • bicomponent fibers are expressly to be understood as meaning those fibers which have more than 2 components.
  • the purpose of the bicomponent fibers is to improve the properties of the fibers or the properties of spunbonded nonwoven webs.
  • the properties of a spunbond depend on a variety of factors. Some of these influencing factors on the properties of a spunbonded fabric are properties of the respective fibers used, such as their strength.
  • a widely accepted theory, at least in its basic idea, is that the properties of the resulting bicomponent fiber then become one Combining the properties of the individual components of the bicomponent fiber, in which the properties of the individual components complement each other so as to combine the advantages of the properties of both components in the bicomponent fiber.
  • a fiber which has both a high strength and exhibits advantageous behavior when bonding the fibers to one another in nonwoven production, it is advisable to have a first component with a high strength with a second component which has good bondability , to combine.
  • additives are often added to the polymers.
  • the additives can be a wide variety of substances. These can be used, for example, for dyeing, for heat stabilization, for flame retardation, for hydrophilization, for hydrophobization or for UV stabilization.
  • the additives are regularly distributed evenly throughout the phase.
  • additives can disrupt the production process, in particular if they exceed certain total concentration limits.
  • additives may be hazardous to health or the environment if they exceed certain total concentrations in the fibers.
  • the EP 0 089 113 A2 relates to a melt-spun, melt-adherent core-sheath or side-by-side bicomponent fiber in which various flame retardants are provided in the sheath.
  • WP 2004/067818 A2 is a melt spun core-sheath bicomponent fiber known in which the sheath-dispersed polystyrene particles and a compaction agent are provided as additives.
  • polyester core-sheath bicomponent fiber is known in which only the polyester sheath contains a biocide.
  • the invention is based on the object, a bicomponent fiber, in particular for producing a spunbonded fabric, and a spunbonded fabric with at least a bicomponent fiber in which the negative effects of the addition of additives do not occur or at least to a lesser extent and the desired effect of an added additive is also achieved.
  • the first component has an additive for influencing or improving the properties.
  • the mass fraction of the additive of the first component in the second component is preferably at most 66.6%, more preferably at most 50% and in particular at most 33.3% by mass of the additive in the first component.
  • the mass fraction of the first component of the bicomponent fiber is at most 50%, preferably 25%, more preferably 10%, most preferably 5%.
  • the bicomponent fiber is particularly preferably a core-sheath fiber, wherein the first component forms the sheath.
  • the advantage of concentrating the additives in the first component surrounding the second component is that it has been found that the amount of additive required in the second component may be lower than in the usual uniform distribution of the additive in the two components, if the same or improved effect of the additive to be generated.
  • Additive in this sense means additives which are added to the polymer in the respective component in order to modify and thereby improve the properties of the resulting fiber or of the spunbond obtained from the fiber.
  • the difference between the melting points of the first component and the second component is less than or equal to 8 ° C. It should be pointed out that any individual intervals or individual values are included in the intervals indicated and must be regarded as disclosed essential to the invention, even if they are not specified in detail.
  • One of the positive effects of the present invention is that the proportion of recycled material that can be added to one of the components in making the bicomponent fiber increases over conventional fibers. It has been found that the use of components having combined melting points according to the invention makes the change in the properties of a component caused by the addition of recycled material much lower than with conventional fibers.
  • the component with the lower melting point in the cross section of the fiber forms the outer surface of the fiber.
  • the lower melting point component surrounds the higher melting point component.
  • the difference in the melting points of the first component and the second component is at most 6 ° C or between 1 ° C to 8 ° C, preferably between 1 ° C to 6 ° C. In these advantageous parameter ranges, the positive effects of the present invention occur significantly more.
  • the mass fraction of the lower melting point component of the bicomponent fiber is at most 50%, more preferably at most 25%, preferably at most 10%, in particular at most 5%. More preferably, the bicomponent fiber is a core-sheath fiber, with the lower melting point component forming the sheath.
  • the difference between the melt flow indices of the first component and the second component is less than or equal to 25 g / 10 min, wherein the melt flow indices (hereinafter MFI) of the first component and the second component are each less than or equal to 50 g / 10 min are.
  • MFI melt flow indices
  • the difference between the melt flow indices of the first component and the second component is preferably less than or equal to 20 g / 10 min, more preferably 15 g / 10 min and / or the MFIs of the first component and the second component are each less than or equal to 40 g / 10 min.
  • the MFI is measured according to ISO 1133 with a test load of 2.16 kg and a test temperature of 230 ° C.
  • the MFI is also referred to as the melt flow index or as the melt flow rate (MFR).
  • MFR melt flow rate
  • the determination is carried out in accordance with ISO 1133, in which the material is melted in a heatable cylinder and pressed by means of the test load through a defined nozzle.
  • the MFI is a measure of the viscosity of the melt of the respective polymer-containing component. The viscosity, in turn, is related to the degree of polymerization, which corresponds to the average number of monomer units in each molecule of a polymer.
  • the positive influence of the beneficial differences of the MFIs essentially affects the specific tear strength and the specific nail pull-out force.
  • These two characteristics of a spunbond fabric made from the fibers can be improved by the advantageously selected MFIs. Even a simultaneous increase in both characteristic values is possible, but in any case one of the two characteristic values can be improved without the other characteristic value deteriorating. This also has a positive effect on the haptic properties. In this way, the specific breaking strength can be increased without negatively influencing softness and the so-called "textile feel.” Textile feel is understood to mean a feeling of touch that is perceived as pleasant.
  • the mass fraction of the component with the higher MFI on the bicomponent fiber is at most 50%, more preferably at most 25% not more than 10%, in particular not more than 5%.
  • the bicomponent fiber is a core-sheath fiber, with the higher MFI component forming the sheath.
  • the polymer of one of the two components has been polymerized with a metallocene catalyst and the polymer of the other component has been polymerized with a Ziegler-Natta catalyst and subjected to a subsequent visbreaking treatment.
  • the polymer is preferably a polyolefin, in particular polypropylene, polyethylene or its copolymer or a mixture thereof.
  • the other polymer is preferably also a polyolefin or a polyolefin copolymer. It is particularly advantageous if both polymers are composed of the same monomer or are at least predominantly composed of the same monomer.
  • Metallocene catalysts are structurally uniform catalysts containing transition metals coordinated by cyclopentadiene ligands. Such catalysts are detailed in the US 5,374,696 and the US 5,064,802 described. The relevant disclosure is expressly incorporated herein by reference.
  • the advantage of these catalysts is that the polymers prepared with these catalysts have a narrow molecular weight distribution.
  • the narrow molecular weight distribution leads to nonwovens with high elongation at break. In this case, the elongation at break is the elongation of the fibers, which results at the maximum of the breaking force, which is used when tearing a nonwoven strip. Above all, however, a narrow molecular weight distribution leads to an increase in process reliability in the production of the spunbonded nonwovens.
  • the frequency of spinning disorders is reduced. Furthermore, a higher draw of the fibers is possible, higher spinning speeds can be achieved and the titers that can be achieved are lower. Lower titers mean a higher fineness of the fibers and / or of the yarns obtained from the fibers.
  • metallocene catalysts or the polymers prepared by means of metallocene catalysts is that the residual content of the catalyst in the polymer is very low.
  • the residual content of the catalyst in the polymer is an impurity of the polymer and can cause the properties of the polymer to be undesirably altered. For example, it can lead to discoloration in the processing of the polymer.
  • a disadvantage of the metallocene catalysts is their slightly higher price compared to the Ziegler-Natta catalysts. Furthermore, a thermal hardening of the fibers in the nonwoven production in the use of metallocene catalysts can be difficult. This may be the case if the possibilities opened up by the use of metallocene catalysts to increase the crystallinity and strength of the individual fibers by virtue of their higher drawability are utilized to a great extent.
  • Ziegler-Natta catalysts are heterogeneous mixed catalysts containing organometallic compounds of main group elements and transition metal compounds.
  • elements of the first to third main groups are used as main group elements.
  • the transition metal compounds in particular contain metals of the titanium group.
  • the Ziegler-Natta catalysts are essentially defined by their delimitation from the metallocene catalysts.
  • the Ziegler-Natta catalysts are less expensive than the metallocene catalysts, the polymers produced with the Ziegler-Natta catalysts have a significantly broader molecular weight distribution than polymers prepared with metallocene catalysts.
  • the polymers produced with Ziegler-Natta catalysts are therefore usually aftertreated. This aftertreatment is called "visbreaking".
  • visbreaking In the process of visbreaking polymer chains are cleaved, which reduces the molecular weight of the individual molecules and increases the number of molecules. This also reduces the width of the molecular weight distribution. The cleavage of the polymer chains is brought about by heat, irradiation, the addition of peroxide, or by similar means. Examples of such visbreaking treatments include in the US 4,282,076 and the US 5,723,217 described.
  • the mass fraction of the component whose polymer has been polymerized with a metallocene catalyst, at the bicomponent fiber is at most 50%, more preferably at most 25%, preferably at most 10%, in particular at most 5%.
  • the bicomponent fiber is particularly preferably a core-sheath fiber, wherein the component whose polymer has been polymerized with a metallocene catalyst forms the sheath.
  • the first polymer and / or the second polymer is a polyolefin or a polyolefin copolymer, preferably a polymer and / or copolymer of ethylene, propylene, butylene, hexene or octene and / or a mixture and / or a Blend it. It has been found that these polymers are particularly well suited for producing the bicomponent fibers according to the invention from them.
  • a copolymer is to be understood as meaning a polymer which has been prepared from at least two different types of monomers, the mass fraction of the monomer, which is relevant for the designation of the copolymer is at least 50%.
  • the bicomponent fiber is a core-sheath fiber, wherein the mass fraction of the core is 50% to 98%, preferably 60% to 95%, more preferably 70% to 95%, most preferably 80% to 90%. It has been found that the advantages of the bicomponent fiber according to the invention, if this is a core-sheath fiber, occur to a particular extent in these advantageous mass parts of the core.
  • the mass ratio of the two components is in the range of 10:90 to 90:10, preferably in the range of 70:30 to 30:70, more preferably in the range of 60:40 to 40:60.
  • the advantages of the bicomponent fiber according to the invention can be achieved particularly well for the component ratios listed.
  • the bicomponent fiber is a multilobal, in particular a tetralobal or trilobal fiber. Due to their cross-sectional geometry, these fibers have a higher specific surface area than comparable fibers with circular cross-sections.
  • the advantages of the fibers according to the invention can be utilized particularly efficiently, in particular if the different properties of the components which are to be optimized by the bicomponent fiber according to the invention are properties which relate to the surface of the fiber.
  • the diameter of the bicomponent fiber is between 1 ⁇ m and 50 ⁇ m, preferably between 5 ⁇ m and 30 ⁇ m, particularly preferably between 8 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m. It has been found that, especially with fiber diameters which lie in these advantageous ranges, the combination of two components in a bicomponent fiber leads to a particular extent to synergy effects.
  • the invention relates to a spunbonded nonwoven with bicomponent fibers according to the invention.
  • Two properties which play a special role in spunbonded nonwovens are the specific breaking strength of the spunbonded nonwoven and the specific nail pull-out force of the spunbonded web. In this case, a desirable high specific tensile strength is achieved by fibers with high strength.
  • good bondability is to be understood as meaning that the mobility of the fibers in the spunbonded fabric can be set as defined as possible during the joining of the fibers during the production of a spunbonded nonwoven.
  • the targeted adjustment of the mobility of the fibers in the nonwoven which depends on the strength of the connection of the fibers with each other, is the prerequisite for the production of a spunbonded fabric with high specific tear strength and high specific Nagelausr Designkraft.
  • the bicomponent fibers according to the invention are particularly suitable for allowing a high specific breaking strength and a high specific nail breaking strength of a spunbonded fabric, since the bicomponent fibers according to the invention can be optimized with regard to a combination of good connectivity and high strength.
  • Such a nonwoven produced from the fibers of the invention is suitable for numerous applications, for example in medicine, in the hygiene sector, in the automotive industry, in the clothing sector, in home and technical textiles and in particular in the construction sector and agriculture. Possible applications also include the use in filters and membranes, battery separators and as a backing for laminates and as a carrier for coatings of all kinds.
  • the weight per unit area of the spunbonded nonwoven is between 1 g / m 2 and 300 g / m 2 , preferably between 5 g / m 2 and 200 g / m 2 , particularly preferably between 8 g / m 2 and 200 g / m 2 . It has been found that at basis weights which lie in these advantageous ranges, the use of a bicomponent fiber according to the invention with high strength and at the same time good bondability to a particular extent to a combination of high specific tensile strength and at the same time high specific Nagelausr Designkraft of the web produced from these fibers leads.
  • the specific tensile strength of the spunbonded web is at least 1.8 N / g x 5 cm in the machine direction and / or at least 1.3 N / g x 5 cm in the cross direction, preferably 2.0 N / g x 5 cm in the machine direction and / or at least 1.5 N / g ⁇ 5 cm in the transverse direction, preferably at least 2.2 N / g ⁇ 5 cm in the machine direction and / or at least 2.0 N / g ⁇ 5 cm in the transverse direction, more preferably at least 2.4 N / g ⁇ 5 cm in the machine direction and / or at least 1.9 N / g ⁇ 5 cm in the transverse direction.
  • the machine direction refers to the direction in which the spunbonded fabric has been transported in its manufacture in the machine, so regularly the length direction of a spunbonded web.
  • the transverse direction designates the direction at right angles to this direction, in which the spunbond flat expands, that is to say regularly the width of a spunbonded web.
  • the specific breaking force is measured according to EN 12311-1.
  • the spunbond specific nail pull-out force is at least 1.0 N / g in the machine direction and / or at least 1.2 N / g in the transverse direction, preferably at least 1.4 N / g in the machine direction and / or at least 1.5 N / g in Transverse direction, preferably at least 1.6 N / g in the machine direction and / or at least 2.16 N / g ⁇ cm in the transverse direction, more preferably at least 1.8 N / g in the machine direction and / or at least 2.1 N / g in the transverse direction.
  • the specific nail pull-out force is the maximum force that occurs when tearing a nonwoven strip when the nonwoven strip already has a given damage, namely a nail pushed through the nonwoven fabric.
  • the specific nail pull-out force according to EN 12310-1 is measured. It has been found that the stated minimum values for the specific nail pull-out force of the spunbonded fabric can be achieved without the specific breaking strength of the spunbonded fabric falling disproportionately when bicomponent fibers according to the invention are optimized correspondingly with regard to their connectivity and strength. Especially It is also possible to realize a combination of said specific advantageous nail pull-out forces and the aforementioned advantageous specific minimum breaking forces.
  • spunbonded nonwoven which is suitable in view of its mechanical properties for a variety of applications.
  • a spunbonded fabric can be used, for example, well in the construction sector, where often attachment of the spunbonded nonwoven webs by nailing, tacking or screwing must be possible.
  • the spunbonded fabric must not tear or tear when it is fastened, for example, on a roof.
  • geotextiles In any case, geotextiles must have a high tolerance for punctual damage, such as may be caused by sharp stones.
  • the invention also extends to threads or articles made therefrom having one or a plurality of bicomponent fibers of the aforementioned type.
  • the invention also relates to a spunbond fabric made from bicomponent fibers according to the invention.
  • a spunbonded nonwoven according to the invention is a structure, in particular a textile fabric, of bicomponent fibers according to the invention, in particular continuous filaments, which have in some way been joined together to form a nonwoven and joined together in some way.
  • the invention also relates to a process for producing the bicomponent fibers according to the invention and to a process for producing a spunbonded nonwoven fabric from the bicomponent fibers according to the invention.
  • the two components of the bicomponent fiber are melted separately.
  • the polymer melts thus produced form the starting material for the fibers. It is advantageous to combine the melt streams thus produced only in a spinning plate. In such a spinning plate, the melt streams are extruded through spinnerets into bicomponent fibers.
  • the spinnerets have a hole diameter of 0.1 mm to 10 mm, preferably a hole diameter of 0.2 mm to 5 mm, more preferably a hole diameter of 0.5 mm to 3 mm. Spinnerets whose hole diameter is within the stated preferred ranges have been found to be particularly suitable for the production of bicomponent fibers.
  • the fibers are peeled off via godets.
  • Godets are special rolls used in the production of synthetic threads and fibers for transporting and / or stretching and / or thermally treating the fibers or threads.
  • the cooling rate of the fibers can be regulated by the temperature of the godets. Due to the defined cooling rate, in particular during the drawing of the fibers, their mechanical properties can be further improved.
  • stretching of the fibers is possible by means of an air flow guided along the fiber.
  • the cooling rate of the fibers is controlled by the temperature of the air stream and / or the amount of air.
  • the fibers which are also referred to as filaments in this context, after they have cooled and drawn.
  • the fibers thus receive a random arrangement.
  • parts of the fibers are reoriented in the machine direction in the transverse direction, so that an overall isotropic nonwoven can be obtained.
  • the fibers can be deposited on a sieve belt.
  • the layer of fibers produced in this way can then be solidified, preferably thermally.
  • the thermal solidification can be carried out by flowing through hot air or steam, in a particularly advantageous manner it is done by calendering.
  • Calendering is understood to mean solidification using hot or heated rolls.
  • the calendering can be done with a smooth and an engraved roller.
  • the engraved roller is preferably designed so that a proportionate pressing surface of at least 5% and at most 25%, preferably at least 8% and at most 20%, more preferably at least 12% and at most 20%, results due to the engraving of the roller.
  • the temperature of the rollers is at most 70 ° C, preferably at most 50 ° C less than the temperature of the melting point of the component with the lower melting point. These minimum temperatures of the rollers ensure a good connection of the fibers.
  • the contact pressure of the rollers in the nip is advantageously 10 N / mm to 250 N / mm, preferably 25 N / mm to 200 N / mm, particularly preferably 50 N / mm to 150 N / mm. In particular, in combination with the aforementioned advantageous temperatures, it makes sense to adjust the contact pressure in the aforementioned advantageous ranges. It has been found that the connections between the fibers resulting from the use of these parameter combinations result in a spunbonded web having good mechanical properties when the bicomponent fibers according to the invention are used.
  • the solidification of the fiber layer can alternatively be done mechanically.
  • the nonwoven can for example be needled or solidified by means of water jet.
  • Another possible advantageous alternative is the chemical hardening of the fiber layer.
  • a binder for example by soaking or spraying, applied to the fiber layer. This binder is cured, thereby bonding the fibers to the spunbonded web.
  • the curing of the binder can be done for example by annealing, photo-induced or moisture-induced crosslinking, cooling, evaporation of a solvent or similar measures.
  • the Fig. 1 to 4 . 7 . 9 and 15 2 show cross-sectional views of exemplary bicomponent fibers 1 according to the invention.
  • the illustrated bicomponent fibers 1 each have a first component 2 and a second component 3.
  • the core-sheath fibers shown surround the first component 2, the second component 3 and thus forms the outer surface of the fiber.
  • bicomponent fibers 1 in cross-section one, at least approximately, circular or -round geometry.
  • the shown bicomponent fiber shows a trilobal cross section.
  • core-sheath fibers in which the proportion of the sheath-forming component is very small, for example, about 2%, but also in “core-sheath fibers” with a higher sheath proportion, it may happen that the cladding has defects. That is, the sheath does not completely surround the core, but is broken in some places, so that the core at these points also forms the outer surface of the fiber. Even such fibers are "core-sheath fibers".
  • the open-shell component within the meaning of the present invention forms the outer surface of the fiber.
  • the Fig. 5, 6, 8 and 10 to 13 show bicomponent fibers that are designed as side-by-side fibers. These side-by-side fibers are characterized in that both the first component 2 and the second component 3 form part of the outer surface of the bicomponent fiber 1. Even with side-by-side fibers are circular or at least approximately circular cross-sections, as in the FIGS. 5, 6 and 8 are as possible as multilobal cross sections, as in the Fig. 10 to 13 are shown. Depending on which fiber properties or fleece properties are to be achieved, the first component 2 and the second component 3 can be combined in different ratios and in a different spatial arrangement to one another.
  • the second component 3 may be arranged such that it forms only a small portion of the outer surface of the bicomponent fiber 1 relative to its mass fraction.
  • a component in the examples shown the first component 2, may be arranged at particularly exposed locations of the bicomponent fiber 1.
  • the first component 2 is arranged at the tips of the multilobal cross section of the bicomponent fiber 1.
  • the in the Fig. 14 shown bicomponent fiber 1 is designed as a segmented pie fiber.
  • This fiber structure has a relationship to the side-by-side fiber structures in that both the first component 2 and the second component 3 form part of the outer surface of the bicomponent fiber 1.
  • the in the FIGS. 14 and 16 In contrast to the "classical" side-by-side structures, the structures shown have in common that they each have a multiplicity of regions which are formed from the first component 2 or the second component 3.
  • bicomponent fiber 1 are considered with their Islands-In-The-Sea structure as a modification of a core-sheath fiber in which a plurality of cores from the second component 3 is present.
  • the individual cores of the second component 3 are surrounded by a common jacket of the first component 2.
  • bicomponent fiber 1 has along the fiber partially cross-sections, in which the first component 2 surrounds the second component 3 similar to a core-sheath fiber and alone forms the outer surface of the bicomponent fiber 1. At other locations along the fiber, the second component 3 also forms part of the outer surface of the bicomponent fiber 1. The first component 2 does not completely surround the second component 3 in cross-section. This also applies to the in the Fig. 9 shown bicomponent fiber 1, this has only a different, alternative geometry compared to that in the Fig. 7 shown bicomponent fiber 1 on.
  • Such mixed forms are in the sense the present application still referred to as core-sheath fibers, as long as the first component forms more than 50% of the outer surface of the fiber.
  • a plurality of exemplary bicomponent fibers 1 forms a spunbonded nonwoven 4.
  • the spunbonded web forms a web with a transverse direction X, a thickness direction Y and a length direction Z, which is also referred to as the machine direction.
  • An exemplary spunbonded nonwoven 4 was made from bicomponent fibers 1 which were thermally consolidated by means of a calender.
  • the bicomponent fibers 1 are core-sheath fibers, with a sheath of the first component 2 with polypropylene as the first polymer and a core of the second component 3 with polypropylene as the second polymer.
  • the basis weight of the spunbonded nonwoven 4 is 70 g / m 2 .
  • the mass fraction of the second component 3 on the bicomponent fiber 1 is 80%.
  • the MFI of the first components 2 in the jacket is 30 g / 10 min and the MFI of the second component 3 in the core is 25 g / 10 min.
  • the bicomponent fibers 1 have a flame retardant (NOR-HALS).
  • the additive concentration is 1.5% in the first component and 0.5% in the second component.
  • the fire behavior of spunbonded nonwoven 4 in a small burner test according to EN 13501-1 leads to classification in class E.
  • Another exemplary spunbonded nonwoven fabric 4 was made from bicomponent fibers 1 which were thermally consolidated by means of a calender.
  • the bicomponent fibers 1 are core-sheath fibers, with a sheath of the first component 2 with polypropylene as the first polymer and a core of the second component 3 with polypropylene as the second polymer.
  • the basis weight of the spunbonded nonwoven 4 is 70 g / m 2 .
  • the mass fraction of the second component 3 on the bicomponent fiber 1 is 80%.
  • the MFI of the first components in the jacket is 30 g / 10 min and the MFI of the second component in the core is 25 g / 10 min.
  • the bicomponent fibers 1 have a flame retardant (NOR-HALS).
  • the additive concentration is 3% in the first component 2 and 0% in the second component 3.
  • the fire behavior of spunbonded nonwoven 4 in a small burner test in accordance with EN 13501-1 leads to classification in class E.
  • Another exemplary spunbonded nonwoven fabric 4 was made from bicomponent fibers 1 which were thermally consolidated by means of a calender.
  • the bicomponent fibers 1 are core-sheath fibers, with a sheath of the first component 2 with PET as the first polymer and a core of the second component 3 with PET as a second polymer.
  • the basis weight of the spunbonded nonwoven 4 is 70 g / m 2 .
  • the mass fraction of the second component 3 on the bicomponent fiber 1 is 70%.
  • the bicomponent fibers 1 an antioxidant (trade name Irganox 1010, manufacturer BASF).
  • the additive concentration in the first component 2 is 0.15% and in the second component 3 is 0.04%.
  • Another exemplary spunbonded nonwoven fabric 4 was made from bicomponent fibers 1 which were thermally consolidated by means of a calender.
  • the bicomponent fibers 1 are core-sheath fibers, with a sheath of the first component 2 with PET as the first polymer and a core of the second component 3 with PET as the second polymer.
  • the basis weight of the spunbonded nonwoven 4 is 70 g / m 2 .
  • the mass fraction of the second component 3 on the bicomponent fiber 1 is 70%.
  • the bicomponent fibers 1 an antioxidant (trade name Irganox 1010, manufacturer BASF).
  • the additive concentration is 0.25% in the first component 2 and 0% in the second component 3.
  • Another exemplary spunbonded nonwoven fabric 4 was made from bicomponent fibers 1 which were thermally consolidated by means of a calender.
  • the bicomponent fibers 1 are core-sheath fibers, with a sheath of the first component 2 with polyethylene as the first polymer and a core of the second component 3 with polypropylene as the second polymer.
  • the basis weight of the spunbonded nonwoven 4 is 70 g / m 2 .
  • the mass fraction of the second component 3 on the bicomponent fiber 1 is 90%.
  • the bicomponent fibers 1 a UV stabilizer (trade name Uvinul 5050, manufacturer BASF).
  • the additive concentration is 0.4% in the first component 2 and 0.23% in the second component 3.
  • Another exemplary spunbonded nonwoven fabric 4 was made from bicomponent fibers 1 which were thermally consolidated by means of a calender.
  • the bicomponent fibers 1 are core-sheath fibers having a sheath of the first component 2 with polyethylene as the first polymer and a core of the second component 3 with polypropylene as the second polymer.
  • the basis weight of the spunbonded nonwoven 4 is 70 g / m 2 .
  • the mass fraction of the second component 3 on the bicomponent fiber 1 is 90%.
  • the bicomponent fibers 1 a UV stabilizer (trade name Uvinul 5050, manufacturer BASF).
  • the additive concentration is 0.7% in the first component 2 and 0.1% in the second component 3.

Claims (13)

  1. Fibre à deux composants (1), en particulier destinée à la fabrication de matières non tissées filées-liées (4), comportant un premier composant (2) et un second composant (3), le premier composant (2) comportant un premier polymère et le second composant un second polymère et le premier composant (2) entourant le second composant (3),
    caractérisée en ce
    que le premier composant (2) et le second composant (3) comportent un additif, le pourcentage en masse de l'additif dans le second composant (3) est inférieur à celui dans le premier composant (2) et en ce que l'additif est sélectionné dans le groupe de
    - phénols entravés au niveau stérique en tant qu'antioxydants primaires et/ou
    - des phosphites organiques en tant qu'antioxydants secondaires et/ou
    - des triazines en tant qu'absorbants d'UV et/ou
    - des aminés (HAVS) entravés au niveau stérique en tant que stabilisateurs d'UV.
  2. Fibre à deux composants selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que le pourcentage en masse du premier composant en fibre à deux composants est inférieur à 50 %, de préférence inférieur à 25 %, de préférence encore inférieur à 15 %, en particulier inférieur à 10 %, plus préférentiellement à 5 %.
  3. Fibre à deux composants selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisée en ce que le pourcentage en masse de l'additif dans le second composant (3) soit au plus de 66,6 %, de préférence au plus de 50 %, en particulier au plus de 33,3 % du pourcentage en masse de l'additif dans le premier composant (2).
  4. Fibre à deux composants selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la fibre à deux composants comporte un autre additif, ledit additif étant un retardateur de flamme, un agent antistatique, un lubrifiant, un désactivateur de métal, un agent d'hydrophilisation, un agent d'hydrophobisation, un additif antibuée et/ou un biocide.
  5. Fibre à deux composants selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la fibre à deux composants comporte un autre additif, l'additif étant sélectionné dans le groupe de :
    hydroxyde métallique, borates, composés organiques contenant un brome ou un chlore, composés phosphorés organiques, antimontrioxide, mélamine, cyanurate de mélamine, graphite expansé ou d'autres systèmes intumescents, sels d'ammonium quaternaire, alkylsulfonates, alkylsulfates, alkylphosphates, dithiocarbamates, carboxylates de métal alcalino-terreux, polyéthylèneglycols ainsi que leurs esters et éthers, éthoxylates, mono et diglycérides, alcools gras, esters d'alcools gras, acides gras, esters d'acides gras, esters d'acides dicarboxyliques, amides d'acides gras, sels métalliques d'acides gras, cires polyoléfiniques, paraffines naturelles ou synthétiques et leurs dérivés, fluoropolymères et fluoro-oligomères, agents antibloquants, acides siliciques, silicones, silicates, carbonate de calcium, amides d'acide mono- et dicarboxylique et leurs dérivés, d'amides cycliques, hydrazones et bishydrazones, hydrazides, hydrazines, mélamine et ses dérivés, benzotriazoles, aminotriazoles, phénols entravés de manière stérique en liaison avec des composés métalliques complexant, benzylphosphonates, pyridinethiols, esters de thiobisphénol, polyglycoles, éthoxylates, fluoropolymères et fluoro-oligomères, cires de lignite, en particulier stéarates, 10,10'-Oxybisphénoxarsine (OBPA), N-(trihalogène-méthylthiol)phthalimide, oxyde de tributylétain, dithiocarbamate de diméthyle de zinc, diphénylantimone-2-éthylhexanoate, cuivre-8-hydroxychinoline, isothiazolones, argent et sels d'argent en tant que biozides ou leurs mélanges.
  6. Fibres à deux composants selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la différence des points de fusion du premier composant (2) et du second composant (3) est inférieure ou égale à 8°C, de préférence au plus à 6°C ou entre 1°C et 8°C, de préférence encore entre 1°C et 6°C.
  7. Fibre à deux composants selon la revendication 6, caractérisée en ce que les composants (2, 3) ayant le plus faible point de fusion dans la section transversale des fibres forment la surface externe de la fibre à deux composants (1), de préférence les composants (2, 3) ayant le point de fusion le plus élevé l'entoure entièrement.
  8. Fibre à deux composants selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que la différence de l'indice de fluage du premier composant (2) et du second composant (3) est inférieure ou égale à 25 g/10 min, de préférence inférieure ou égale à 20 g/10 min, de préférence encore 15 g/10 min.
  9. Fibre à deux composants selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que les indices de fluage du premier composant (2) et du second composant (3) sont inférieurs ou égaux à 50 g/10 min, de préférence respectivement inférieurs ou égaux à 40 g/10 min.
  10. Fibre à deux composants selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le polymère de l'un des deux composants (2, 3) a été polymérisé au moyen d'un catalyseur à base de métallocène.
  11. Fibre à deux composants selon la revendication 10, caractérisée en ce que le polymère des autres composants (2, 3) a été polymérisé au moyen d'un catalyseur Ziegler-Natta et a été soumis à un traitement successif de viscoréduction.
  12. Fibre à deux composants selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que le premier polymère et/ou le second polymère est une polyoléfine ou un copolymère-polyoléfine, de préférence un polymère et/ou copolymère d'éthylène, propylène, butylène, hexène ou octène et/ou leur mélange et/ou leur combinaison.
  13. Matière non tissée filée-liée (4) comportant au moins une fibre à deux composants (1) selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes.
EP14002315.1A 2013-07-15 2014-07-07 Fibre bi-composants destinée à la fabrication de matières non tissées Active EP2826895B1 (fr)

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DE201310014920 DE102013014920A1 (de) 2013-07-15 2013-09-11 Bikomponentenfaser zur Herstellung von Spinnvliesen

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CN109576814B (zh) * 2018-05-21 2021-02-05 山东第一医科大学(山东省医学科学院) 一种帕金森病患者的复合鞋
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US20150017865A1 (en) 2015-01-15

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