EP2803827B2 - Metallic hollow valve - Google Patents

Metallic hollow valve Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2803827B2
EP2803827B2 EP14152509.7A EP14152509A EP2803827B2 EP 2803827 B2 EP2803827 B2 EP 2803827B2 EP 14152509 A EP14152509 A EP 14152509A EP 2803827 B2 EP2803827 B2 EP 2803827B2
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EP
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Prior art keywords
cavity
valve
hollow valve
hollow
internal combustion
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2803827A1 (en
EP2803827B1 (en
Inventor
Peter Kroos
Christoph Luven
Roland Schacherer
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Mahle International GmbH
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Mahle International GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/20—Shapes or constructions of valve members, not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/12—Cooling of valves
    • F01L3/14—Cooling of valves by means of a liquid or solid coolant, e.g. sodium, in a closed chamber in a valve

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a metallic hollow valve of an internal combustion engine with a tubular shaft and a valve plate connected thereto according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • From the DE 10 2010 051 871 A1 discloses a method for producing metal hollow valves for the gas exchange of an internal combustion engine, the cavities of the hollow parts forming the valve being connected to one another and these cavities being produced at least partially by electrochemical metal removal.
  • the valve stem is first drilled through lengthwise, with the cavity in the valve head then being produced as an expansion bore transverse to the longitudinal axis of the valve stem.
  • the production of hollow valves should be simplified by means of the method described and at the same time their quality should be able to be improved.
  • a method for producing a metallic hollow valve of an internal combustion engine in which a bore is made in a blank designed as a forging pear. A subsequent valve head is then at least partially hollowed out by electrochemical removal, with the cavity produced in this way then being filled by means of a supporting fluid and the hollow valve being closed.
  • the hollow valve can be manufactured comparatively inexpensively.
  • metallic hollow valves are lighter than full valves and offer improved heat dissipation when filled with a cooling medium such as sodium.
  • a hollow valve which offers particularly good heat dissipation, leads to a shift in the knock limit and thus to particularly advantageous operation.
  • Knocking is the uncontrolled ignition of the fuel-air mixture due to excessive temperature and pressure. This leads to shocks in the internal combustion engine with high mechanical and thermal loads, which ultimately have a negative impact on service life and efficiency.
  • the knock limit can be raised, higher compression in the cylinder is possible, which leads to a significant increase in efficiency in the combustion process and thus to higher performance with lower fuel consumption.
  • the present invention is therefore concerned with the problem of specifying an improved embodiment for a metallic hollow valve of the generic type, which allows an increased knock limit.
  • the present invention is based on the general idea of raising the knock limit in an internal combustion engine by designing the valves (gas exchange valves) used in this internal combustion engine as very thin-walled hollow valves and thereby cooling them particularly effectively.
  • the metallic hollow valve according to the invention has, in a known manner, a tubular shaft and a valve head connected thereto.
  • the shaft has an outside diameter of between 5.0 and 6.0 mm and an inside diameter of between 3.0 and 4.6 mm, as a result of which the wall thickness of the shaft can be significantly reduced in comparison to conventional hollow valves.
  • a cavity is also provided in the valve head, with the walls surrounding it having a thickness of between 1.0 and at most 2.0 mm, thereby also enabling high heat transfer and excellent cooling of the hollow valve.
  • the cavity in the valve head is produced by electrochemical removal, with the cavity being essentially round, ellipsoidal or conical is trained. Electrochemical removal offers the possibility of creating the largest possible cavity in the valve head without great mechanical effort and without the use of complicated tools.
  • the electrochemical removal represents a process that can be controlled extremely precisely, so that the metallic hollow valves according to the invention can be produced with consistently high quality.
  • the shank can also be expanded by electrochemical removal, in which case it is usually drilled first.
  • a surface roughness R Z of an inner wall of the cavity is expediently >10 ⁇ m, in particular R Z >16 ⁇ m. Due to the comparatively large surface roughness on the inner wall of the cavity in the valve head, an enlarged heat transfer surface is available, which has a positive effect on heat exchange and thus also on the cooling of the hollow valves according to the invention.
  • the surface roughness of an inner wall in the shaft of the hollow valve is designed in the same way.
  • the hollow valve is made of X45CrSi9-3, X50CrMnNiNbN21-9, NiCr20TiAl, or NCF 3015 (Ni 30%, Cr 15%) steel.
  • Such high-alloy steels allow the filigree design of the hollow valve according to the invention and also have a comparatively high wear resistance.
  • such high-alloy steels usually have high corrosion resistance and in particular also high resistance to aggressive chemicals such as oils or combustion exhaust gases, so that they are particularly suitable for use in such metallic hollow valves in internal combustion engines.
  • the only figure 1 shows a cross section through a metallic hollow valve according to the invention.
  • a metallic hollow valve 1 according to the invention of an internal combustion engine (otherwise not shown) has a tubular shaft 2 and a valve head 3 connected thereto.
  • the shaft 2 and the valve head 3 are usually designed in one piece.
  • it is filigree, i.e. it is equipped with comparatively thin wall thicknesses b 1 , b 2 and b 3 , the wall thickness b 1 being in the area of a valve head base facing a combustion chamber (not shown).
  • the wall thickness b 2 is measured in the area of a valve throat 6 .
  • the wall thickness b 3 refers to the thickness of the wall in the area of the shaft 2.
  • the thin wall thicknesses b 1 , b 2 and b 3 not only improve the cooling of the metallic hollow valve 1, but also increase the knock limit of the internal combustion engine , whereby an uncontrolled ignition of a gasoline-air mixture with the associated high mechanical and thermal loads can be avoided, or at least greatly reduced.
  • the thin walls increase the knock limit.
  • the metal hollow valve 1 according to the invention has an outside diameter d a of between 5 and 6 mm in the area of its shaft 2 .
  • An inner diameter d i in the area of the shaft 2 is between 3.0 and 4.6 mm, so that the wall thickness b 3 is between approximately 0.7 and 1.5 mm.
  • the wall thickness b 3 can also be between about 0.5 and 1.5 mm due to tolerances, with the inner diameter d i preferably being 4.6 mm if the outer diameter d a is 6 mm.
  • a cavity 4 is provided in the valve head 3, which together with a cavity 5 arranged in the shaft 2 forms a receiving space for a coolant, for example sodium.
  • a wall surrounding the cavity 4 has a thickness b 1 of between 1 and 2 mm in the area of the valve head base, as well as in the area of a valve throat 6, so that the thickness b 2 of the wall is also approximately 1 to 2 mm in this area.
  • the surface roughness R Z of an inner wall 7 of the cavity 4 and of the cavity 5 is greater than 10 ⁇ m, in particular greater than 16 ⁇ m is.
  • the increased surface roughness R Z increases the area available for heat exchange and thus improves heat transfer.
  • the hollow valve 1 can be made of a high-alloy steel, such as X45CrSi9-3, X50CrMnNiNbN21-9, NiCr20TiAl or NCF3015 steel.
  • a high-alloy steel such as X45CrSi9-3, X50CrMnNiNbN21-9, NiCr20TiAl or NCF3015 steel.
  • Such high-alloy steels allow the filigree design of the metallic hollow valve 1 according to the invention and are also resistant to aggressive chemical media such as oils or combustion gases. In addition, they have a high wear and corrosion resistance and thus have a long service life.
  • the cavity 5 in the stem 2 is usually drilled, whereas the cavity 4 in the valve head 3 is produced by means of electrochemical machining.
  • the cavity 4 can, for example, be round, conical or ellipsoidal. Such an electrochemical Removal enables the cavity 4 and thus also the walls surrounding it to be produced in a simple manner on the one hand and highly accurately on the other.
  • this can be cooled significantly better and thereby indirectly raise the knock limit of the internal combustion engine, which not only increases the service life of the internal combustion engine but also leads to higher performance with lower fuel consumption at the same time.
  • the filigree design also saves weight, which has a positive effect on the fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine.

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein metallisches Hohlventil einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einem rohrförmigen Schaft und einem daran angebundenen Ventilteller gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a metallic hollow valve of an internal combustion engine with a tubular shaft and a valve plate connected thereto according to the preamble of claim 1.

Die zunehmenden thermischen Belastungen in Verbrennungsmotoren, insbesondere in PKW-Motoren, erfordern es zunehmend, auch Bestandteile derselben, wie beispielsweise die Gaswechselventile, kurz auch Ventile genannt, zu kühlen. Hierfür werden sogenannten Hohlventile mit einem innenliegenden Kühlmedium verwendet.The increasing thermal loads in internal combustion engines, in particular in passenger car engines, increasingly require components thereof, such as the gas exchange valves, also called valves for short, to cool. So-called hollow valves with an internal cooling medium are used for this purpose.

Aus der EP 2 541 000 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von metallischen Hohlventilen bekannt, bei welchem mittels entsprechender Stempel das Ventil sukzessive verformt, insbesondere dessen Schaft verjüngt wird.From the EP 2 541 000 A1 a method for the production of metallic hollow valves is known, in which the valve is successively deformed by means of appropriate stamps, in particular its shaft is tapered.

Aus der DE 10 2010 051 871 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von metallischen Hohlventilen für den Gasaustausch einer Brennkraftmaschine bekannt, wobei die Hohlräume der das Ventil bildenden Hohlteile miteinander verbunden sind und wobei diese Hohlräume wenigstens teilweise durch elektrochemische Metallabtragung hergestellt sind. Hierzu wird zunächst der Ventilschaft der Länge nach durchgebohrt, wobei anschließend der Hohlraum im Ventilkopf als Erweiterungsbohrung quer zur Längsachse des Ventilschafts erzeugt wird. Mittels des beschriebenen Verfahrens soll insbesondere die Herstellung von Hohlventilen vereinfacht und zugleich deren Qualität verbessert werden können.From the DE 10 2010 051 871 A1 discloses a method for producing metal hollow valves for the gas exchange of an internal combustion engine, the cavities of the hollow parts forming the valve being connected to one another and these cavities being produced at least partially by electrochemical metal removal. For this purpose, the valve stem is first drilled through lengthwise, with the cavity in the valve head then being produced as an expansion bore transverse to the longitudinal axis of the valve stem. In particular, the production of hollow valves should be simplified by means of the method described and at the same time their quality should be able to be improved.

Aus der DE 10 2012 209 187 A1 ist wiederum ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines metallischen Hohlventils einer Brennkraftmaschine bekannt, bei dem in einen als Schmiedebirne ausgebildeten Rohling eine Bohrung eingebracht wird. Ein späterer Ventilkopf wird anschließend durch elektrochemisches Abtragen zumindest teilweise ausgehöhlt, wobei anschließend der derart hergestellte Hohlraum mittels eines Stützfluides befüllt und das Hohlventil geschlossen wird. Hierdurch kann das Hohlventil vergleichsweise kostengünstig hergestellt werden.From the DE 10 2012 209 187 A1 In turn, a method for producing a metallic hollow valve of an internal combustion engine is known, in which a bore is made in a blank designed as a forging pear. A subsequent valve head is then at least partially hollowed out by electrochemical removal, with the cavity produced in this way then being filled by means of a supporting fluid and the hollow valve being closed. As a result, the hollow valve can be manufactured comparatively inexpensively.

Aus der DE 10 2011 077 198 A1 ist wiederum ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines metallischen Hohlventils einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einem in einen Ventilschaft übergehenden Ventilkopf bekannt, bei welchem in den Ventilkopf eine Bohrung eingebracht wird und dieser anschließend durch elektrochemisches Abtragen zumindest teilweise ausgehöhlt wird. Auch hierdurch soll prinzipiell die Herstellung derartiger metallischer Hohlventile verbessert werden.From the DE 10 2011 077 198 A1 In turn, a method is known for producing a metallic hollow valve of an internal combustion engine with a valve head merging into a valve stem, in which a bore is made in the valve head and this is then at least partially hollowed out by electrochemical removal. In principle, this should also improve the production of such metallic hollow valves.

Aus der EP 2 357 326 A1 ist ein gattungsgemäßes metallisches Hohlventil einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einem rohrförmigen Schaft mit einem Hohlraum und einem daran angebundenen Ventilkopf bekannt.From the EP 2 357 326 A1 a generic metallic hollow valve of an internal combustion engine with a tubular shaft with a cavity and a valve head connected thereto is known.

Generell gilt für metallische Hohlventile, dass diese leichter sind als Vollventile und bei Füllung mit einem Kühlmedium, wie beispielsweise Natrium, eine verbesserte Wärmeabfuhr bieten. Bei Ottomotoren führt ein Hohlventil, das eine besonders gute Wärmeableitung bietet, zu einer Verschiebung der Klopfgrenze und damit zu einem besonders vorteilhaften Betrieb. Das Klopfen bezeichnet das unkontrollierte Zünden des Benzin-Luft-Gemisches aufgrund zu hoher Temperatur und Druck. Dies führt zu Schlägen in der Brennkraftmaschine mit hohen mechanischen und thermischen Belastungen, welche schlussendlich die Lebensdauer und den Wirkungsgrad negativ beeinträchtigen. Kann die Klopfgrenze jedoch angehoben werden, wird eine höhere Verdichtung im Zylinder möglich, die zu einer deutlichen Effizienzsteigerung im Verbrennungsprozess und damit zu einer höheren Leistung bei geringerem Kraftstoffverbrauch führt.In general, metallic hollow valves are lighter than full valves and offer improved heat dissipation when filled with a cooling medium such as sodium. In gasoline engines, a hollow valve, which offers particularly good heat dissipation, leads to a shift in the knock limit and thus to particularly advantageous operation. Knocking is the uncontrolled ignition of the fuel-air mixture due to excessive temperature and pressure. This leads to shocks in the internal combustion engine with high mechanical and thermal loads, which ultimately have a negative impact on service life and efficiency. However, if the knock limit can be raised, higher compression in the cylinder is possible, which leads to a significant increase in efficiency in the combustion process and thus to higher performance with lower fuel consumption.

Die vorliegende Erfindung beschäftigt sich daher mit dem Problem, für ein metallisches Hohlventil der gattungsgemäßen Art eine verbesserte Ausführungsform anzugeben, die eine erhöhte Klopfgrenze ermöglicht.The present invention is therefore concerned with the problem of specifying an improved embodiment for a metallic hollow valve of the generic type, which allows an increased knock limit.

Dieses Problem wird erfindungsgemäß durch den Gegenstand des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.According to the invention, this problem is solved by the subject matter of independent claim 1 . Advantageous embodiments are the subject matter of the dependent claims.

Die vorliegende Erfindung beruht auf dem allgemeinen Gedanken, die Klopfgrenze in einer Brennkraftmaschine anzuheben, indem die in dieser Brennkraftmaschine eingesetzten Ventile (Gaswechselventile) als sehr dünnwandige Hohlventile ausgebildet werden und dadurch besonders effektiv zu kühlen sind. Das erfindungsgemäße metallische Hohlventil weist hierzu in bekannter Weise einen rohrförmigen Schaft sowie einen daran angebundenen Ventilkopf auf. Der Schaft besitzt erfindungsgemäß einen Außendurchmesser zwischen 5,0 und 6,0 mm sowie einen Innendurchmesser zwischen 3,0 und 4,6 mm, wodurch eine Wandstärke des Schaftes im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Hohlventilen deutlich reduziert werden kann. Im Ventilkopf ist zusätzlich ein Hohlraum vorgesehen, wobei die diesen umgebenden Wände eine Dicke zwischen 1,0 und maximal 2,0 mm aufweist und dadurch ebenfalls eine hohe Wärmeübertragung und eine exzellente Kühlung des Hohlventils ermöglicht. Durch die vergleichsweise filigrane Ausbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Hohlventils kann insbesondere eine effektive Kühlung an der planen und dem Brennraum zugewandten Ventilkopfunterseite erreicht werden, welche dazu beiträgt, die Klopfgrenze zu verschieben, das heißt anzuheben, und dadurch die mechanischen und thermischen Belastungen der Brennkraftmaschine, hervorgerufen durch das Klopfen, zu senken. In dem erfindungsgemäßen filigranen Ventil kann darüber hinaus eine höhere Verdichtung im Zylinder erzielt werden, die zu einer deutlichen Effizienzsteigerung im Verbrennungsprozess und damit zu einer höheren Leistung bei gleichzeitig geringerem Kraftstoffverbrauch führt. Dabei ist der Hohlraum im Ventilkopf durch elektrochemisches Abtragen hergestellt, wobei der Hohlraum im Wesentlichen rund, ellipsoidisch oder kegelförmig ausgebildet ist. Das elektrochemische Abtragen bietet dabei die Möglichkeit, ohne großen mechanischen Aufwand und ohne Einsatz komplizierter Werkzeuge einen möglichst großen Hohlraum im Ventilkopf zu schaffen. Das elektrochemische Abtragen stellt dabei einen äußerst genau kontrollierbaren Prozess dar, sodass die erfindungsgemäßen metallischen Hohlventile mit gleichbleibend hoher Qualität hergestellt werden können. Der Schaft kann dabei ebenfalls durch elektrochemisches Abtragen erweitert werden, wobei dieser üblicherweise zunächst gebohrt wird.The present invention is based on the general idea of raising the knock limit in an internal combustion engine by designing the valves (gas exchange valves) used in this internal combustion engine as very thin-walled hollow valves and thereby cooling them particularly effectively. For this purpose, the metallic hollow valve according to the invention has, in a known manner, a tubular shaft and a valve head connected thereto. According to the invention, the shaft has an outside diameter of between 5.0 and 6.0 mm and an inside diameter of between 3.0 and 4.6 mm, as a result of which the wall thickness of the shaft can be significantly reduced in comparison to conventional hollow valves. A cavity is also provided in the valve head, with the walls surrounding it having a thickness of between 1.0 and at most 2.0 mm, thereby also enabling high heat transfer and excellent cooling of the hollow valve. Due to the comparatively filigree design of the hollow valve according to the invention, effective cooling can be achieved in particular on the flat valve head underside facing the combustion chamber, which contributes to shifting the knock limit, i.e. raising it, and thereby reducing the mechanical and thermal loads on the internal combustion engine caused by the knock to lower. In addition, in the filigree valve according to the invention, a higher compression in the cylinder can be achieved, which leads to a significant increase in efficiency in the combustion process and thus to higher performance with lower fuel consumption at the same time. The cavity in the valve head is produced by electrochemical removal, with the cavity being essentially round, ellipsoidal or conical is trained. Electrochemical removal offers the possibility of creating the largest possible cavity in the valve head without great mechanical effort and without the use of complicated tools. The electrochemical removal represents a process that can be controlled extremely precisely, so that the metallic hollow valves according to the invention can be produced with consistently high quality. The shank can also be expanded by electrochemical removal, in which case it is usually drilled first.

Zweckmäßig beträgt eine Oberflächenrauheit RZ einer Innenwand des Hohlraums > 10 µm, insbesondere RZ > 16 µm. Durch die vergleichsweise große Oberflächenrauheit an der Innenwand des Hohlraums im Ventilkopf steht eine vergrößerte Wärmeübertragungsfläche zur Verfügung, die einen Wärmetausch positiv beeinflusst und damit auch die Kühlung der erfindungsgemäßen Hohlventile. In gleicher Weise ist auch die Oberflächenrauheit einer Innenwand im Schaft des Hohlventils gestaltet.A surface roughness R Z of an inner wall of the cavity is expediently >10 μm, in particular R Z >16 μm. Due to the comparatively large surface roughness on the inner wall of the cavity in the valve head, an enlarged heat transfer surface is available, which has a positive effect on heat exchange and thus also on the cooling of the hollow valves according to the invention. The surface roughness of an inner wall in the shaft of the hollow valve is designed in the same way.

Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung ist das Hohlventil aus X45CrSi9-3, aus X50CrMnNiNbN21-9, aus NiCr20TiAl, oder aus NCF 3015 (Ni 30%, Cr 15%) Stahl hergestellt. Derartige hochlegierte Stähle erlauben erst die filigrane Ausbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Hohlventils und weisen darüber hinaus einen vergleichsweise hohen Verschleißwiderstand auf. Derartige hochlegierte Stähle besitzen darüber hinaus üblicherweise eine hohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit und insbesondere auch eine hohe Beständigkeit gegen aggressive Chemikalien, wie beispielsweise Öle oder Verbrennungsabgase, sodass sie besonders geeignet für den Einsatz bei derartigen metallischen Hohlventile in Brennkraftmaschinen sind.In a further advantageous embodiment of the solution according to the invention, the hollow valve is made of X45CrSi9-3, X50CrMnNiNbN21-9, NiCr20TiAl, or NCF 3015 (Ni 30%, Cr 15%) steel. Such high-alloy steels allow the filigree design of the hollow valve according to the invention and also have a comparatively high wear resistance. In addition, such high-alloy steels usually have high corrosion resistance and in particular also high resistance to aggressive chemicals such as oils or combustion exhaust gases, so that they are particularly suitable for use in such metallic hollow valves in internal combustion engines.

Weitere wichtige Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, aus der Zeichnung und aus der zugehörigen Figurenbeschreibung anhand der Zeichnung.Further important features and advantages of the invention result from the dependent claims, from the drawing and from the associated description of the figures based on the drawing.

Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It goes without saying that the features mentioned above and those still to be explained below can be used not only in the combination specified in each case, but also in other combinations or on their own, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert.A preferred embodiment of the invention is shown in the drawing and is explained in more detail in the following description.

Die einzige Figur 1 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch ein erfindungsgemäßes metallisches Hohlventil.The only figure 1 shows a cross section through a metallic hollow valve according to the invention.

Entsprechend der Figur 1, weist ein erfindungsgemäßes metallisches Hohlventil 1 einer im Übrigen nicht gezeigten Brennkraftmaschine einen rohrförmigen Schaft 2 sowie einen daran angebundenen Ventilkopf 3 auf. Der Schaft 2 und der Ventilkopf 3 sind dabei üblicherweise einstückig ausgebildet. Um nun eine möglichst effiziente Kühlung des metallischen Hohlventils 1 erreichen zu können, ist dieses filigran, das heißt mit vergleichsweise dünnen Wandstärken b1, b2 und b3 ausgestattet, wobei die Wandstärke b1 im Bereich eines einem nicht gezeigten Brennraum zugewandten Ventilkopfbodens ist, wogegen die Wandstärke b2 im Bereich einer Ventilkehle 6 gemessen wird. Die Wandstärke b3 bezieht sich auf die Dicke der Wand im Bereich des Schafts 2. Durch die dünnen Wandstärken b1, b2 und b3 wird jedoch nicht nur eine verbesserte Kühlung des metallischen Hohlventils 1 erreicht, sondern auch eine Erhöhung der Klopfgrenze der Brennkraftmaschine, wodurch ein unkontrolliertes Zünden eines Benzin-Luft-Gemisches mit den damit verbundenen hohen mechanischen und thermischen Belastungen vermieden, zumindest aber stark reduziert werden kann. Die dünnen Wandstärken bewirken dabei die Erhöhung der Klopfgrenze. Um dies zu erreichen, weist das erfindungsgemäße metallische Hohlventil 1 im Bereich seines Schaftes 2 einen Außendurchmesser da auf, der zwischen 5 und 6 mm liegt. Ein Innendurchmesser di liegt im Bereich des Schaftes 2 zwischen 3,0 und 4,6 mm, sodass die Wandstärke b3 zwischen circa 0,7 und 1,5 mm liegt. Selbstverständlich kann die Wandstärke b3 toleranzbedingt auch zwischen ca. 0,5 und 1,5mm liegen, wobei vorzugsweise der Innendurchmesser di bei 4,6 mm liegt, sofern der Außendurchmesser da bei 6 mm liegt. Im Ventilkopf 3 ist dabei ein Hohlraum 4 vorgesehen, der zusammen mit einem im Schaft 2 angeordneten Hohlraum 5 einen Aufnahmeraum für ein Kühlmittel, beispielsweise Natrium, bildet. Eine den Hohlraum 4 umgebende Wand weist dabei im Bereich des Ventilkopfbodens eine Dicke b1 zwischen 1 und 2 mm auf, ebenso wie im Bereich einer Ventilkehle 6, sodass auch in diesem Bereich die Dicke b2 der Wand circa 1 bis 2 mm beträgt.According to the figure 1 , a metallic hollow valve 1 according to the invention of an internal combustion engine (otherwise not shown) has a tubular shaft 2 and a valve head 3 connected thereto. The shaft 2 and the valve head 3 are usually designed in one piece. In order to be able to achieve the most efficient possible cooling of the metallic hollow valve 1, it is filigree, i.e. it is equipped with comparatively thin wall thicknesses b 1 , b 2 and b 3 , the wall thickness b 1 being in the area of a valve head base facing a combustion chamber (not shown). whereas the wall thickness b 2 is measured in the area of a valve throat 6 . The wall thickness b 3 refers to the thickness of the wall in the area of the shaft 2. However, the thin wall thicknesses b 1 , b 2 and b 3 not only improve the cooling of the metallic hollow valve 1, but also increase the knock limit of the internal combustion engine , whereby an uncontrolled ignition of a gasoline-air mixture with the associated high mechanical and thermal loads can be avoided, or at least greatly reduced. The thin walls increase the knock limit. In order to achieve this, the metal hollow valve 1 according to the invention has an outside diameter d a of between 5 and 6 mm in the area of its shaft 2 . An inner diameter d i in the area of the shaft 2 is between 3.0 and 4.6 mm, so that the wall thickness b 3 is between approximately 0.7 and 1.5 mm. Of course, the wall thickness b 3 can also be between about 0.5 and 1.5 mm due to tolerances, with the inner diameter d i preferably being 4.6 mm if the outer diameter d a is 6 mm. A cavity 4 is provided in the valve head 3, which together with a cavity 5 arranged in the shaft 2 forms a receiving space for a coolant, for example sodium. A wall surrounding the cavity 4 has a thickness b 1 of between 1 and 2 mm in the area of the valve head base, as well as in the area of a valve throat 6, so that the thickness b 2 of the wall is also approximately 1 to 2 mm in this area.

Um die Wärmeübertragung zwischen dem im Hohlraum 4 und 5 angeordneten Kühlmittel und dem metallischen Hohlventil 1 weiter verbessern zu können, kann vorgesehen sein, dass eine Oberflächenrauheit RZ einer Innenwand 7 des Hohlraums 4 und des Hohlraums 5 größer als 10 µm, insbesondere größer als 16 µm ist. Durch die erhöhte Oberflächenrauheit RZ wird die für den Wärmetausch zur Verfügung stehende Fläche vergrößert und dadurch die Wärmeübertragung verbessert.In order to be able to further improve the heat transfer between the coolant arranged in the cavity 4 and 5 and the metallic hollow valve 1, it can be provided that the surface roughness R Z of an inner wall 7 of the cavity 4 and of the cavity 5 is greater than 10 µm, in particular greater than 16 µm is. The increased surface roughness R Z increases the area available for heat exchange and thus improves heat transfer.

Generell kann das Hohlventil 1 aus einem hochlegierten Stahl, wie beispielsweise X45CrSi9-3, aus X50CrMnNiNbN21-9, aus NiCr20TiAl oder aus NCF3015 Stahl hergestellt sein. Derartige hochlegierte Stähle ermöglichen die filigrane Ausbildung des erfindungsgemäßen metallischen Hohlventils 1 und sind darüber hinaus beständig gegen aggressive chemische Medien, wie beispielsweise Öle oder Verbrennungsabgase. Zudem besitzen sie einen hohen Verschleiß- und Korrosionswiderstand und besitzen dadurch eine hohe Lebensdauer.In general, the hollow valve 1 can be made of a high-alloy steel, such as X45CrSi9-3, X50CrMnNiNbN21-9, NiCr20TiAl or NCF3015 steel. Such high-alloy steels allow the filigree design of the metallic hollow valve 1 according to the invention and are also resistant to aggressive chemical media such as oils or combustion gases. In addition, they have a high wear and corrosion resistance and thus have a long service life.

Der Hohlraum 5 im Schaft 2 wird üblicherweise gebohrt, wogegen der Hohlraum 4 im Ventilkopf 3 mittels elektrochemischen Abtragens hergestellt wird. Der Hohlraum 4 kann beispielsweise rund, kegelförmig oder aber auch ellipsoidisch ausgebildet sein. Ein derartiges elektrochemisches Abtragen ermöglicht eine einerseits einfache und andererseits höchst genaue Herstellung des Hohlraums 4 und damit auch diesen umgebenden Wände.The cavity 5 in the stem 2 is usually drilled, whereas the cavity 4 in the valve head 3 is produced by means of electrochemical machining. The cavity 4 can, for example, be round, conical or ellipsoidal. Such an electrochemical Removal enables the cavity 4 and thus also the walls surrounding it to be produced in a simple manner on the one hand and highly accurately on the other.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen metallischen Hohlventil 1 lässt sich dieses deutlich besser kühlen und dadurch indirekt die Klopfgrenze der Brennkraftmaschine anheben, was nicht nur die Lebensdauer der Brennkraftmaschine erhöht, sondern auch zu einer höheren Leistung bei gleichzeitig geringerem Kraftstoffverbrauch führt. Durch die filigrane Ausführung wird zudem Gewicht eingespart, was sich positiv auf einen Kraftstoffverbrauch der Brennkraftmaschine auswirkt.With the metallic hollow valve 1 according to the invention, this can be cooled significantly better and thereby indirectly raise the knock limit of the internal combustion engine, which not only increases the service life of the internal combustion engine but also leads to higher performance with lower fuel consumption at the same time. The filigree design also saves weight, which has a positive effect on the fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine.

Claims (4)

  1. A metallic hollow valve (1) of an internal combustion engine, comprising a tubular shaft (2) with a cavity (5) and with a valve head (3) attached to the latter, wherein
    - the shaft (2) has an outer diameter of 5.0 mm < da < 6.0 mm and an inner diameter of 3.0 mm < di < 4.6 mm,
    - a cavity (4) is provided in the valve head (3),
    - a wall surrounding the cavity (4) has a thickness of 1.0 mm < b1,2 < 2.0 mm,
    characterized in that
    the cavity (4) in the valve head (3) is produced by electrochemical removal, and
    that a surface roughness RZ of an inner wall (7) of the cavities (4, 5) is greater than 10 µm, in particular greater than 16 µm.
  2. The hollow valve according to Claim 1,
    characterized in that
    a wall surrounding the cavity (5) has a thickness of 0.7 mm < b3 < 1.5 mm.
  3. The hollow valve according to one of the preceding claims,
    characterized in that
    the hollow valve (1) is produced from X45CrSi9-3, from X50CrMnNiNbN21-9, from NiCr20TiAl or from NCF 3015 steel.
  4. The hollow valve according to one of Claims 1 to 3,
    characterized in that
    the cavity (4) is designed to be substantially round, ellipsoidal or conical.
EP14152509.7A 2013-02-28 2014-01-24 Metallic hollow valve Active EP2803827B2 (en)

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DE102013203443.1A DE102013203443A1 (en) 2013-02-28 2013-02-28 Metallic hollow valve

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EP2803827B2 true EP2803827B2 (en) 2023-01-04

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KR (1) KR20140108150A (en)
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DE102013203443A1 (en) 2014-08-28
JP2014169696A (en) 2014-09-18
KR20140108150A (en) 2014-09-05
CN104018904B (en) 2017-10-24
CN104018904A (en) 2014-09-03
EP2803827A1 (en) 2014-11-19
EP2803827B1 (en) 2015-11-18

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