EP2803827B1 - Metallic hollow valve - Google Patents

Metallic hollow valve Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2803827B1
EP2803827B1 EP14152509.7A EP14152509A EP2803827B1 EP 2803827 B1 EP2803827 B1 EP 2803827B1 EP 14152509 A EP14152509 A EP 14152509A EP 2803827 B1 EP2803827 B1 EP 2803827B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
cavity
hollow valve
valve
hollow
metallic hollow
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2803827B2 (en
EP2803827A1 (en
Inventor
Peter Kroos
Christoph Luven
Roland Schacherer
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Mahle International GmbH
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Mahle International GmbH
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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/20—Shapes or constructions of valve members, not provided for in preceding subgroups of this group
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/12—Cooling of valves
    • F01L3/14—Cooling of valves by means of a liquid or solid coolant, e.g. sodium, in a closed chamber in a valve

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a metallic hollow valve of an internal combustion engine with a tubular shaft and a valve disk connected thereto according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • valves gas exchange valves
  • hollow valves are used with an internal cooling medium.
  • a method for producing a metallic hollow valve of an internal combustion engine in which in a blank designed as a forging bulb a bore is introduced. A later valve head is then at least partially hollowed out by electrochemical removal, wherein subsequently the cavity produced in this way is filled by means of a support fluid and the hollow valve is closed.
  • the hollow valve can be manufactured comparatively inexpensively.
  • metallic hollow valves are lighter than full valves and offer improved heat dissipation when filled with a cooling medium such as sodium.
  • a hollow valve which offers a particularly good heat dissipation, leads to a shift of the knock limit and thus to a particularly advantageous operation.
  • Knocking refers to the uncontrolled ignition of the gasoline-air mixture due to high temperature and pressure. This leads to shocks in the internal combustion engine with high mechanical and thermal loads, which ultimately adversely affect the life and efficiency negative.
  • the knock limit can be raised, a higher compression in the cylinder is possible, which leads to a significant increase in efficiency in the combustion process and thus to a higher performance with lower fuel consumption.
  • the present invention therefore deals with the problem of providing an improved embodiment for a metallic hollow valve of the generic type, which allows an increased knock limit.
  • the present invention is based on the general idea to raise the knock limit in an internal combustion engine by the valves used in this internal combustion engine (gas exchange valves) are designed as very thin-walled hollow valves and thereby are particularly effective to cool.
  • the metallic hollow valve according to the invention has for this purpose in a known manner a tubular shaft and a valve head connected thereto.
  • the shaft according to the invention has an outer diameter between 5.0 and 6.0 mm and an inner diameter between 3.0 and 4.6 mm, whereby a wall thickness of the shank can be significantly reduced compared to conventional hollow valves.
  • a cavity is provided in the valve head, the surrounding walls having a thickness between 1.0 and a maximum of 2.0 mm and thereby also enables a high heat transfer and excellent cooling of the hollow valve.
  • the cavity in the valve head is produced by electrochemical removal, wherein the cavity is substantially round, ellipsoidal or conical.
  • the electrochemical removal offers the opportunity to create as large a cavity in the valve head without great mechanical effort and without the use of complicated tools.
  • the electrochemical removal represents an extremely precisely controllable process, so that the metallic hollow valves according to the invention can be produced with consistently high quality.
  • the shaft can also be extended by electrochemical removal, which is usually drilled first.
  • a surface roughness R Z of an inner wall of the cavity is> 10 ⁇ m, in particular R Z > 16 ⁇ m. Due to the comparatively large surface roughness on the inner wall of the cavity in the valve head, an enlarged heat transfer surface is available, which positively influences a heat exchange and thus also the cooling of the hollow valves according to the invention. In the same way, of course, the surface roughness of an inner wall can be designed in the shaft of the hollow valve.
  • the hollow valve is made of X45CrSi9-3, of X50CrMnNiNbN21-9, of NiCr20TiAl, or of NCF 3015 (Ni 30%, Cr 15%) steel.
  • Such high-alloy steels allow only the filigree design of the hollow valve according to the invention and also have a comparatively high resistance to wear.
  • such high-alloyed steels usually have a high corrosion resistance and, in particular, a high resistance to aggressive chemicals, such as, for example, oils or combustion exhaust gases, so that they are particularly suitable for use in such metallic hollow valves in internal combustion engines.
  • FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a metallic hollow valve according to the invention.
  • a metallic hollow valve 1 according to the invention of an internal combustion engine has a tubular shaft 2 and a valve head 3 connected thereto.
  • the shaft 2 and the valve head 3 are usually formed in one piece.
  • this is filigree, that is equipped with comparatively thin wall thicknesses b 1 , b 2 and b 3 , wherein the wall thickness b 1 is in the region of a valve head bottom facing a combustion chamber, not shown, whereas the wall thickness b 2 is measured in the region of a valve throat 6.
  • the wall thickness b 3 refers to the thickness of the wall in the area of the shaft 2.
  • the metallic hollow valve 1 Due to the thin wall thicknesses b 1 , b 2 and b 3 , however, not only improved cooling of the metallic hollow valve 1 is achieved, but also an increase in the knock limit of the internal combustion engine, thereby avoiding an uncontrolled ignition of a gasoline-air mixture with the associated high mechanical and thermal loads , but at least can be greatly reduced.
  • the thin wall thicknesses cause the increase of the knock limit.
  • the metallic hollow valve 1 according to the invention has, in the region of its shank 2, an outer diameter d a which lies between 5 and 6 mm.
  • An inner diameter d i is in the range of the shaft 2 between 3.0 and 4.6 mm, so that the wall thickness b 3 is between about 0.7 and 1.5 mm.
  • the wall thickness b 3 tolerance may also be between about 0.5 and 1.5 mm, preferably the inner diameter d i is 4.6 mm, provided that the outer diameter d a is 6 mm.
  • a cavity 4 is provided, which forms a receiving space for a coolant, such as sodium, together with a arranged in the shaft 2 cavity 5.
  • a wall surrounding the cavity 4 has a thickness b 1 between 1 and 2 mm in the region of the valve head bottom, as well as in the region of a valve throat 6, so that the thickness b 2 of the wall is also approximately 1 to 2 mm in this area.
  • a surface roughness R Z of an inner wall 7 of the hollow space 4 or of the hollow space 5 is greater than 10 ⁇ m, in particular greater than 16 microns is.
  • the increased surface roughness R Z increases the area available for the heat exchange and thus improves the heat transfer.
  • the hollow valve 1 may be made of a high-alloy steel such as X45CrSi9-3, X50CrMnNiNbN21-9, NiCr20TiAl or NCF3015 steel.
  • a high-alloy steel such as X45CrSi9-3, X50CrMnNiNbN21-9, NiCr20TiAl or NCF3015 steel.
  • Such high-alloyed steels enable the filigree design of the metallic hollow valve 1 according to the invention and, moreover, are resistant to aggressive chemical media, such as, for example, oils or combustion exhaust gases. In addition, they have a high resistance to wear and corrosion and thus have a long service life.
  • the cavity 5 in the shaft 2 is usually drilled, whereas the cavity 4 is made in the valve head 3 by means of electrochemical ablation.
  • the cavity 4 may for example be round, conical or even ellipsoidal.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Lift Valve (AREA)
  • Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein metallisches Hohlventil einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einem rohrförmigen Schaft und einem daran angebundenen Ventilteller gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1.The present invention relates to a metallic hollow valve of an internal combustion engine with a tubular shaft and a valve disk connected thereto according to the preamble of claim 1.

Die zunehmenden thermischen Belastungen in Verbrennungsmotoren, insbesondere in PKW-Motoren, erfordern es zunehmend, auch Bestandteile derselben, wie beispielsweise die Gaswechselventile, kurz auch Ventile genannt, zu kühlen. Hierfür werden sogenannten Hohlventile mit einem innenliegenden Kühlmedium verwendet.The increasing thermal loads in internal combustion engines, especially in passenger car engines, increasingly require that components of the same, such as, for example, the gas exchange valves, also referred to as valves, be cooled. For this purpose, so-called hollow valves are used with an internal cooling medium.

Aus der EP 2 541 000 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von metallischen Hohlventilen bekannt, bei welchem mittels entsprechender Stempel das Ventil sukzessive verformt, insbesondere dessen Schaft verjüngt wird.From the EP 2 541 000 A1 a method for the production of metallic hollow valves is known in which by means of appropriate stamp the valve deforms successively, in particular the shank is tapered.

Aus der DE 10 2010 051 871 A1 ist ein Verfahren zur Herstellung von metallischen Hohlventilen für den Gasaustausch einer Brennkraftmaschine bekannt, wobei die Hohlräume der das Ventil bildenden Hohlteile miteinander verbunden sind und wobei diese Hohlräume wenigstens teilweise durch elektrochemische Metallabtragung hergestellt sind. Hierzu wird zunächst der Ventilschaft der Länge nach durchgebohrt, wobei anschließend der Hohlraum im Ventilkopf als Erweiterungsbohrung quer zur Längsachse des Ventilschafts erzeugt wird. Mittels des beschriebenen Verfahrens soll insbesondere die Herstellung von Hohlventilen vereinfacht und zugleich deren Qualität verbessert werden können.From the DE 10 2010 051 871 A1 a method for the production of metallic hollow valves for the gas exchange of an internal combustion engine is known, wherein the cavities of the valve-forming hollow parts are connected to each other and wherein these cavities are at least partially made by electrochemical metal removal. For this purpose, the valve stem is initially drilled lengthwise, wherein subsequently the cavity in the valve head is generated as an extension bore transversely to the longitudinal axis of the valve stem. By means of the method described, in particular, the production of hollow valves should be simplified and at the same time their quality improved.

Aus der DE 10 2012 209 187 A1 ist wiederum ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines metallischen Hohlventils einer Brennkraftmaschine bekannt, bei dem in einen als Schmiedebirne ausgebildeten Rohling eine Bohrung eingebracht wird. Ein späterer Ventilkopf wird anschließend durch elektrochemisches Abtragen zumindest teilweise ausgehöhlt, wobei anschließend der derart hergestellte Hohlraum mittels eines Stützfluides befüllt und das Hohlventil geschlossen wird. Hierdurch kann das Hohlventil vergleichsweise kostengünstig hergestellt werden.From the DE 10 2012 209 187 A1 In turn, a method for producing a metallic hollow valve of an internal combustion engine is known, in which in a blank designed as a forging bulb a bore is introduced. A later valve head is then at least partially hollowed out by electrochemical removal, wherein subsequently the cavity produced in this way is filled by means of a support fluid and the hollow valve is closed. As a result, the hollow valve can be manufactured comparatively inexpensively.

Aus der DE 10 2011 077 198 A1 ist wiederum ein Verfahren zum Herstellen eines metallischen Hohlventils einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einem in einen Ventilschaft übergehenden Ventilkopf bekannt, bei welchem in den Ventilkopf eine Bohrung eingebracht wird und dieser anschließend durch elektrochemisches Abtragen zumindest teilweise ausgehöhlt wird. Auch hierdurch soll prinzipiell die Herstellung derartiger metallischer Hohlventile verbessert werden.From the DE 10 2011 077 198 A1 In turn, a method for producing a metallic hollow valve of an internal combustion engine with a valve stem passing into a valve head is known in which a bore is introduced into the valve head and this is then at least partially hollowed out by electrochemical removal. This is also intended to improve the production of such metallic hollow valves in principle.

Aus der EP 2 357 326 A1 ist ein gattungsgemäßes metallisches Hohlventil einer Brennkraftmaschine mit einem rohrförmigen Schaft mit einem Hohlraum und einem daran angebundenen Ventilkopf bekannt.From the EP 2 357 326 A1 is a generic metallic hollow valve of an internal combustion engine with a tubular shaft with a cavity and a valve head connected thereto known.

Generell gilt für metallische Hohlventile, dass diese leichter sind als Vollventile und bei Füllung mit einem Kühlmedium, wie beispielsweise Natrium, eine verbesserte Wärmeabfuhr bieten. Bei Ottomotoren führt ein Hohlventil, das eine besonders gute Wärmeableitung bietet, zu einer Verschiebung der Klopfgrenze und damit zu einem besonders vorteilhaften Betrieb. Das Klopfen bezeichnet das unkontrollierte Zünden des Benzin-Luft-Gemisches aufgrund zu hoher Temperatur und Druck. Dies führt zu Schlägen in der Brennkraftmaschine mit hohen mechanischen und thermischen Belastungen, welche schlussendlich die Lebensdauer und den Wirkungsgrad negativ beeinträchtigen. Kann die Klopfgrenze jedoch angehoben werden, wird eine höhere Verdichtung im Zylinder möglich, die zu einer deutlichen Effizienzsteigerung im Verbrennungsprozess und damit zu einer höheren Leistung bei geringerem Kraftstoffverbrauch führt.In general, metallic hollow valves are lighter than full valves and offer improved heat dissipation when filled with a cooling medium such as sodium. In gasoline engines, a hollow valve, which offers a particularly good heat dissipation, leads to a shift of the knock limit and thus to a particularly advantageous operation. Knocking refers to the uncontrolled ignition of the gasoline-air mixture due to high temperature and pressure. This leads to shocks in the internal combustion engine with high mechanical and thermal loads, which ultimately adversely affect the life and efficiency negative. However, if the knock limit can be raised, a higher compression in the cylinder is possible, which leads to a significant increase in efficiency in the combustion process and thus to a higher performance with lower fuel consumption.

Die vorliegende Erfindung beschäftigt sich daher mit dem Problem, für ein metallisches Hohlventil der gattungsgemäßen Art eine verbesserte Ausführungsform anzugeben, die eine erhöhte Klopfgrenze ermöglicht.The present invention therefore deals with the problem of providing an improved embodiment for a metallic hollow valve of the generic type, which allows an increased knock limit.

Dieses Problem wird erfindungsgemäß durch den Gegenstand des unabhängigen Anspruchs 1 gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausführungsformen sind Gegenstand der abhängigen Ansprüche.This problem is solved according to the invention by the subject matter of independent claim 1. Advantageous embodiments are the subject of the dependent claims.

Die vorliegende Erfindung beruht auf dem allgemeinen Gedanken, die Klopfgrenze in einer Brennkraftmaschine anzuheben, indem die in dieser Brennkraftmaschine eingesetzten Ventile (Gaswechselventile) als sehr dünnwandige Hohlventile ausgebildet werden und dadurch besonders effektiv zu kühlen sind. Das erfindungsgemäße metallische Hohlventil weist hierzu in bekannter Weise einen rohrförmigen Schaft sowie einen daran angebundenen Ventilkopf auf. Der Schaft besitzt erfindungsgemäß einen Außendurchmesser zwischen 5,0 und 6,0 mm sowie einen Innendurchmesser zwischen 3,0 und 4,6 mm, wodurch eine Wandstärke des Schaftes im Vergleich zu herkömmlichen Hohlventilen deutlich reduziert werden kann. Im Ventilkopf ist zusätzlich ein Hohlraum vorgesehen, wobei die diesen umgebenden Wände eine Dicke zwischen 1,0 und maximal 2,0 mm aufweist und dadurch ebenfalls eine hohe Wärmeübertragung und eine exzellente Kühlung des Hohlventils ermöglicht. Durch die vergleichsweise filigrane Ausbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Hohlventils kann insbesondere eine effektive Kühlung an der planen und dem Brennraum zugewandten Ventilkopfunterseite erreicht werden, welche dazu beiträgt, die Klopfgrenze zu verschieben, das heißt anzuheben, und dadurch die mechanischen und thermischen Belastungen der Brennkraftmaschine, hervorgerufen durch das Klopfen, zu senken. In dem erfindungsgemäßen filigranen Ventil kann darüber hinaus eine höhere Verdichtung im Zylinder erzielt werden, die zu einer deutlichen Effizienzsteigerung im Verbrennungsprozess und damit zu einer höheren Leistung bei gleichzeitig geringerem Kraftstoffverbrauch führt. Dabei ist der Hohlraum im Ventilkopf durch elektrochemisches Abtragen hergestellt, wobei der Hohlraum im Wesentlichen rund, ellipsoidisch oder kegelförmig ausgebildet ist. Das elektrochemische Abtragen bietet dabei die Möglichkeit, ohne großen mechanischen Aufwand und ohne Einsatz komplizierter Werkzeuge einen möglichst großen Hohlraum im Ventilkopf zu schaffen. Das elektrochemische Abtragen stellt dabei einen äußerst genau kontrollierbaren Prozess dar, sodass die erfindungsgemäßen metallischen Hohlventile mit gleichbleibend hoher Qualität hergestellt werden können. Der Schaft kann dabei ebenfalls durch elektrochemisches Abtragen erweitert werden, wobei dieser üblicherweise zunächst gebohrt wird.The present invention is based on the general idea to raise the knock limit in an internal combustion engine by the valves used in this internal combustion engine (gas exchange valves) are designed as very thin-walled hollow valves and thereby are particularly effective to cool. The metallic hollow valve according to the invention has for this purpose in a known manner a tubular shaft and a valve head connected thereto. The shaft according to the invention has an outer diameter between 5.0 and 6.0 mm and an inner diameter between 3.0 and 4.6 mm, whereby a wall thickness of the shank can be significantly reduced compared to conventional hollow valves. In addition, a cavity is provided in the valve head, the surrounding walls having a thickness between 1.0 and a maximum of 2.0 mm and thereby also enables a high heat transfer and excellent cooling of the hollow valve. Due to the comparatively filigree design of the hollow valve according to the invention, in particular an effective cooling on the plan and the combustion chamber facing the valve head bottom can be achieved, which helps to shift the knock limit, that is lift, and thereby the mechanical and thermal stresses of the internal combustion engine, caused by the Knock, lower. In the filigree valve according to the invention, moreover, a higher compression in the cylinder can be achieved, which leads to a significant increase in efficiency in the combustion process and thus to a higher performance with lower fuel consumption leads. In this case, the cavity in the valve head is produced by electrochemical removal, wherein the cavity is substantially round, ellipsoidal or conical. The electrochemical removal offers the opportunity to create as large a cavity in the valve head without great mechanical effort and without the use of complicated tools. In this case, the electrochemical removal represents an extremely precisely controllable process, so that the metallic hollow valves according to the invention can be produced with consistently high quality. The shaft can also be extended by electrochemical removal, which is usually drilled first.

Zweckmäßig beträgt eine Oberflächenrauheit RZ einer Innenwand des Hohlraums > 10 µm, insbesondere RZ> 16 µm. Durch die vergleichsweise große Oberflächenrauheit an der Innenwand des Hohlraums im Ventilkopf steht eine vergrößerte Wärmeübertragungsfläche zur Verfügung, die einen Wärmetausch positiv beeinflusst und damit auch die Kühlung der erfindungsgemäßen Hohlventile. In gleicher Weise kann selbstverständlich auch die Oberflächenrauheit einer Innenwand im Schaft des Hohlventils gestaltet sein.Suitably, a surface roughness R Z of an inner wall of the cavity is> 10 μm, in particular R Z > 16 μm. Due to the comparatively large surface roughness on the inner wall of the cavity in the valve head, an enlarged heat transfer surface is available, which positively influences a heat exchange and thus also the cooling of the hollow valves according to the invention. In the same way, of course, the surface roughness of an inner wall can be designed in the shaft of the hollow valve.

Bei einer weiteren vorteilhaften Ausführungsform der erfindungsgemäßen Lösung ist das Hohlventil aus X45CrSi9-3, aus X50CrMnNiNbN21-9, aus NiCr20TiAl, oder aus NCF 3015 (Ni 30%, Cr 15%) Stahl hergestellt. Derartige hochlegierte Stähle erlauben erst die filigrane Ausbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Hohlventils und weisen darüber hinaus einen vergleichsweise hohen Verschleißwiderstand auf. Derartige hochlegierte Stähle besitzen darüber hinaus üblicherweise eine hohe Korrosionsbeständigkeit und insbesondere auch eine hohe Beständigkeit gegen aggressive Chemikalien, wie beispielsweise Öle oder Verbrennungsabgase, sodass sie besonders geeignet für den Einsatz bei derartigen metallischen Hohlventile in Brennkraftmaschinen sind.In a further advantageous embodiment of the solution according to the invention, the hollow valve is made of X45CrSi9-3, of X50CrMnNiNbN21-9, of NiCr20TiAl, or of NCF 3015 (Ni 30%, Cr 15%) steel. Such high-alloy steels allow only the filigree design of the hollow valve according to the invention and also have a comparatively high resistance to wear. Moreover, such high-alloyed steels usually have a high corrosion resistance and, in particular, a high resistance to aggressive chemicals, such as, for example, oils or combustion exhaust gases, so that they are particularly suitable for use in such metallic hollow valves in internal combustion engines.

Weitere wichtige Merkmale und Vorteile der Erfindung ergeben sich aus den Unteransprüchen, aus der Zeichnung und aus der zugehörigen Figurenbeschreibung anhand der Zeichnung.Other important features and advantages of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims, from the drawing and from the associated description of the figures with reference to the drawing.

Es versteht sich, dass die vorstehend genannten und die nachstehend noch zu erläuternden Merkmale nicht nur in der jeweils angegebenen Kombination, sondern auch in anderen Kombinationen oder in Alleinstellung verwendbar sind, ohne den Rahmen der vorliegenden Erfindung zu verlassen.It is understood that the features mentioned above and those yet to be explained below can be used not only in the particular combination given, but also in other combinations or in isolation, without departing from the scope of the present invention.

Ein bevorzugtes Ausführungsbeispiel der Erfindung ist in der Zeichnung dargestellt und wird in der nachfolgenden Beschreibung näher erläutert.A preferred embodiment of the invention is illustrated in the drawing and will be explained in more detail in the following description.

Die einzige Figur 1 zeigt einen Querschnitt durch ein erfindungsgemäßes metallisches Hohlventil.The only FIG. 1 shows a cross section through a metallic hollow valve according to the invention.

Entsprechend der Figur 1, weist ein erfindungsgemäßes metallisches Hohlventil 1 einer im Übrigen nicht gezeigten Brennkraftmaschine einen rohrförmigen Schaft 2 sowie einen daran angebundenen Ventilkopf 3 auf. Der Schaft 2 und der Ventilkopf 3 sind dabei üblicherweise einstückig ausgebildet. Um nun eine möglichst effiziente Kühlung des metallischen Hohlventils 1 erreichen zu können, ist dieses filigran, das heißt mit vergleichsweise dünnen Wandstärken b1, b2 und b3 ausgestattet, wobei die Wandstärke b1 im Bereich eines einem nicht gezeigten Brennraum zugewandten Ventilkopfbodens ist, wogegen die Wandstärke b2 im Bereich einer Ventilkehle 6 gemessen wird. Die Wandstärke b3 bezieht sich auf die Dicke der Wand im Bereich des Schafts 2. Durch die dünnen Wandstärken b1, b2 und b3 wird jedoch nicht nur eine verbesserte Kühlung des metallischen Hohlventils 1 erreicht, sondern auch eine Erhöhung der Klopfgrenze der Brennkraftmaschine, wodurch ein unkontrolliertes Zünden eines Benzin-Luft-Gemisches mit den damit verbundenen hohen mechanischen und thermischen Belastungen vermieden, zumindest aber stark reduziert werden kann. Die dünnen Wandstärken bewirken dabei die Erhöhung der Klopfgrenze. Um dies zu erreichen, weist das erfindungsgemäße metallische Hohlventil 1 im Bereich seines Schaftes 2 einen Außendurchmesser da auf, der zwischen 5 und 6 mm liegt. Ein Innendurchmesser di liegt im Bereich des Schaftes 2 zwischen 3,0 und 4,6 mm, sodass die Wandstärke b3 zwischen circa 0,7 und 1,5 mm liegt. Selbstverständlich kann die Wandstärke b3 toleranzbedingt auch zwischen ca. 0,5 und 1,5mm liegen, wobei vorzugsweise der Innendurchmesser di bei 4,6 mm liegt, sofern der Außendurchmesser da bei 6 mm liegt. Im Ventilkopf 3 ist dabei ein Hohlraum 4 vorgesehen, der zusammen mit einem im Schaft 2 angeordneten Hohlraum 5 einen Aufnahmeraum für ein Kühlmittel, beispielsweise Natrium, bildet. Eine den Hohlraum 4 umgebende Wand weist dabei im Bereich des Ventilkopfbodens eine Dicke b1 zwischen 1 und 2 mm auf, ebenso wie im Bereich einer Ventilkehle 6, sodass auch in diesem Bereich die Dicke b2 der Wand circa 1 bis 2 mm beträgt.According to the FIG. 1 , A metallic hollow valve 1 according to the invention of an internal combustion engine, not shown, has a tubular shaft 2 and a valve head 3 connected thereto. The shaft 2 and the valve head 3 are usually formed in one piece. In order to be able to achieve the most efficient possible cooling of the metallic hollow valve 1, this is filigree, that is equipped with comparatively thin wall thicknesses b 1 , b 2 and b 3 , wherein the wall thickness b 1 is in the region of a valve head bottom facing a combustion chamber, not shown, whereas the wall thickness b 2 is measured in the region of a valve throat 6. The wall thickness b 3 refers to the thickness of the wall in the area of the shaft 2. Due to the thin wall thicknesses b 1 , b 2 and b 3 , however, not only improved cooling of the metallic hollow valve 1 is achieved, but also an increase in the knock limit of the internal combustion engine, thereby avoiding an uncontrolled ignition of a gasoline-air mixture with the associated high mechanical and thermal loads , but at least can be greatly reduced. The thin wall thicknesses cause the increase of the knock limit. In order to achieve this, the metallic hollow valve 1 according to the invention has, in the region of its shank 2, an outer diameter d a which lies between 5 and 6 mm. An inner diameter d i is in the range of the shaft 2 between 3.0 and 4.6 mm, so that the wall thickness b 3 is between about 0.7 and 1.5 mm. Of course, the wall thickness b 3 tolerance may also be between about 0.5 and 1.5 mm, preferably the inner diameter d i is 4.6 mm, provided that the outer diameter d a is 6 mm. In the valve head 3 while a cavity 4 is provided, which forms a receiving space for a coolant, such as sodium, together with a arranged in the shaft 2 cavity 5. A wall surrounding the cavity 4 has a thickness b 1 between 1 and 2 mm in the region of the valve head bottom, as well as in the region of a valve throat 6, so that the thickness b 2 of the wall is also approximately 1 to 2 mm in this area.

Um die Wärmeübertragung zwischen dem im Hohlraum 4 und 5 angeordneten Kühlmittel und dem metallischen Hohlventil 1 weiter verbessern zu können, kann vorgesehen sein, dass eine Oberflächenrauheit RZ einer Innenwand 7 des Hohlraums 4 bzw. des Hohlraums 5 größer als 10 µm, insbesondere größer als 16 µm ist. Durch die erhöhte Oberflächenrauheit RZ wird die für den Wärmetausch zur Verfügung stehende Fläche vergrößert und dadurch die Wärmeübertragung verbessert.In order to be able to further improve the heat transfer between the coolant arranged in the hollow space 4 and 5 and the metallic hollow valve 1, it can be provided that a surface roughness R Z of an inner wall 7 of the hollow space 4 or of the hollow space 5 is greater than 10 μm, in particular greater than 16 microns is. The increased surface roughness R Z increases the area available for the heat exchange and thus improves the heat transfer.

Generell kann das Hohlventil 1 aus einem hochlegierten Stahl, wie beispielsweise X45CrSi9-3, aus X50CrMnNiNbN21-9, aus NiCr20TiAl oder aus NCF3015 Stahl hergestellt sein. Derartige hochlegierte Stähle ermöglichen die filigrane Ausbildung des erfindungsgemäßen metallischen Hohlventils 1 und sind darüber hinaus beständig gegen aggressive chemische Medien, wie beispielsweise Öle oder Verbrennungsabgase. Zudem besitzen sie einen hohen Verschleiß- und Korrosionswiderstand und besitzen dadurch eine hohe Lebensdauer.Generally, the hollow valve 1 may be made of a high-alloy steel such as X45CrSi9-3, X50CrMnNiNbN21-9, NiCr20TiAl or NCF3015 steel. Such high-alloyed steels enable the filigree design of the metallic hollow valve 1 according to the invention and, moreover, are resistant to aggressive chemical media, such as, for example, oils or combustion exhaust gases. In addition, they have a high resistance to wear and corrosion and thus have a long service life.

Der Hohlraum 5 im Schaft 2 wird üblicherweise gebohrt, wogegen der Hohlraum 4 im Ventilkopf 3 mittels elektrochemischen Abtragens hergestellt wird. Der Hohlraum 4 kann beispielsweise rund, kegelförmig oder aber auch ellipsoidisch ausgebildet sein. Ein derartiges elektrochemisches Abtragen ermöglicht eine einerseits einfache und andererseits höchst genaue Herstellung des Hohlraums 4 und damit auch diesen umgebenden Wände.The cavity 5 in the shaft 2 is usually drilled, whereas the cavity 4 is made in the valve head 3 by means of electrochemical ablation. The cavity 4 may for example be round, conical or even ellipsoidal. Such electrochemical removal makes it possible, on the one hand, to produce the cavity 4 and thus also the surrounding walls on the one hand simple and, on the other hand, highly accurate.

Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen metallischen Hohlventil 1 lässt sich dieses deutlich besser kühlen und dadurch indirekt die Klopfgrenze der Brennkraftmaschine anheben, was nicht nur die Lebensdauer der Brennkraftmaschine erhöht, sondern auch zu einer höheren Leistung bei gleichzeitig geringerem Kraftstoffverbrauch führt. Durch die filigrane Ausführung wird zudem Gewicht eingespart, was sich positiv auf einen Kraftstoffverbrauch der Brennkraftmaschine auswirkt.With the metallic hollow valve 1 according to the invention, this can be significantly better cooled and thereby indirectly raise the knock limit of the internal combustion engine, which not only increases the service life of the internal combustion engine, but also leads to higher performance with lower fuel consumption. The filigree design also saves weight, which has a positive effect on fuel consumption of the internal combustion engine.

Claims (6)

  1. Metal hollow valve (1) of an internal combustion engine, comprising a tubular shaft (2) with a cavity (5) and a valve head (3) attached to the latter, in which
    - the shaft (2) has an outer diameter of 5.0 mm < da < 6.0 mm and an inner diameter of 3.0 mm < di < 4.6 mm,
    - a cavity (4) is provided in the valve head (3),
    - a wall surrounding the cavity (4) has a thickness of 1.0 mm < b1.2 < 2.0 mm
    characterised in that the cavity (4) in the valve head (3) is produced by electrochemical removal.
  2. Hollow valve according to claim 1, characterised in that a wall surrounding the cavity (5) has a thickness 0.7 mm < b3 < 1.5 mm.
  3. Hollow valve according to any one of the preceding claims, characterised in that the hollow valve (1) is made from X45CrSi9-3, X50CrMnNiNbN21-9, NiCr20TiAl or NCF 3015 steel.
  4. Hollow valve according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the cavity (4) is designed to be substantially round, ellipsoidal or conical.
  5. Hollow valve according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that the cavity (5) is bored in the shaft (2).
  6. Hollow valve according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterised in that a surface roughness Rz of an inner wall (7) of the cavity (4, 5) is greater than 10 µm, in particular greater than 16 µm.
EP14152509.7A 2013-02-28 2014-01-24 Metallic hollow valve Active EP2803827B2 (en)

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DE102017202585A1 (en) * 2016-02-17 2017-08-17 Mahle International Gmbh Internal combustion engine with at least one cylinder and with at least two hollow-head valves
WO2017194091A1 (en) 2016-05-09 2017-11-16 Mahle International Gmbh Gas exchange valve
DE102020202739A1 (en) 2020-03-04 2021-09-09 Mahle International Gmbh Sintered bearing bushing material, plain bearings, internal combustion engines and electrical machines
DE102020202738A1 (en) 2020-03-04 2021-09-09 Mahle International Gmbh Plain bearing, method for producing a plain bearing, internal combustion engine with plain bearing and electrical machine with plain bearing
DE102022206387A1 (en) * 2022-06-24 2024-01-04 Mahle International Gmbh Hydrogen combustion engine as well as passenger vehicle and commercial vehicle

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EP2803827B2 (en) 2023-01-04
CN104018904A (en) 2014-09-03
EP2803827A1 (en) 2014-11-19
KR20140108150A (en) 2014-09-05
JP2014169696A (en) 2014-09-18
CN104018904B (en) 2017-10-24

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