US2627259A - Valve - Google Patents

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Publication number
US2627259A
US2627259A US771416A US77141647A US2627259A US 2627259 A US2627259 A US 2627259A US 771416 A US771416 A US 771416A US 77141647 A US77141647 A US 77141647A US 2627259 A US2627259 A US 2627259A
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United States
Prior art keywords
shell
valve
chromium
copper
core
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Expired - Lifetime
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US771416A
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John G Wood
Andrew V Jackson
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Motors Liquidation Co
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Motors Liquidation Co
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Publication date
Application filed by Motors Liquidation Co filed Critical Motors Liquidation Co
Priority to US771416A priority Critical patent/US2627259A/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of US2627259A publication Critical patent/US2627259A/en
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Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/02—Selecting particular materials for valve-members or valve-seats; Valve-members or valve-seats composed of two or more materials
    • F01L3/04—Coated valve members or valve-seats
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
    • F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
    • F01L3/00—Lift-valve, i.e. cut-off apparatus with closure members having at least a component of their opening and closing motion perpendicular to the closing faces; Parts or accessories thereof
    • F01L3/12—Cooling of valves
    • F01L3/14—Cooling of valves by means of a liquid or solid coolant, e.g. sodium, in a closed chamber in a valve
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49298—Poppet or I.C. engine valve or valve seat making
    • Y10T29/49307—Composite or hollow valve stem or head making
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T29/00—Metal working
    • Y10T29/49—Method of mechanical manufacture
    • Y10T29/49229—Prime mover or fluid pump making
    • Y10T29/49298—Poppet or I.C. engine valve or valve seat making
    • Y10T29/49314—Poppet or I.C. engine valve or valve seat making with assembly or composite article making

Definitions

  • the cavity resulting from the removal of the core may be supplied with any desired cooling medium, such as sodium or mercury or others heretofore used.
  • any desired cooling medium such as sodium or mercury or others heretofore used.
  • FIG. 1 shows a core of lead or some metal having a low melting point.
  • Figure 2 shows, in section, the copper or brass plating over the lead core.
  • Figure 3 also in section, shows the chromium plating over the copper, the lead core having been removed.
  • Figure 4 shows, in elevation and partly broken away and in section, the cornpleted valve with a cooling medium within the cavity formed by removal of the lead.
  • the numeral 5 represents a core of lead or of some metal having a melting temperature which is low relative tothe metal shell which is to surround it. It is fabri# cated to the shape desired by extrusion or by any preferred method.
  • a tappet abutment or plug l preferably formed of alloy steel and ⁇ apertured as at 9, is positioned at the end of the stem portion of the core and the two parts, the core and plug, are electroplated with copper or brass, the shell of copper so formed being marked Il and serving to hold the plug because of its interlocked engagement with the recessed part I3 of the latter.
  • the assembly of lead core, the plug and the shell is shown in Figure 2.
  • the shell is of suiiicient structural strength for the purpose which it is to serve.
  • the article so formed may then be heated sufficiently to melt the lead or other core which, as stated, has a melting point lower than that of the shell.
  • the molten core may be removed through the plug aperture 9.
  • Upon the shell Il is now plated a coating of chromium or some metal well adapted to resist the corrosive effects of the gases which are exhausted from the cylinders of internal combustion engines. This surface coating is marked l5.
  • any preferred cooling medium such as sodium, which will be in liquid form at a rather low temperature. This is shown at il.
  • the aperture is then closed by a plug I9.
  • Such a valve will be light and cornparatively inexpensive. lt will resist the corrosive effects of the exhaust gas due to the chromium plating and the heating eiect of the exhaust gas due to the high heat conductivity of the copper, and thus it will make possible the use of engines having high compression. ratios and using high octane fuel without the expensive alloy valves now being used for such engines.
  • the core need not bemelted out and may remain as a constituent part of the valve.
  • An internal combustion engine poppet valve consisting of a thin shell of copper and a coating of chromium thereon.
  • a valve for high temperature fluids consisting of a thin shell of copper having a uniform thickness, said shell constituting the essential structural portion of the valve, a coating of chromium on said shell, said coating of chromium protecting said copper shell from corrosion.
  • An internal combustion engine poppet valve said valve consisting of a shell formed to provide the stem and head ofv the valve and being the essential structural supporting element of said valve, said shell being formed of thin copper of uniform thickness to evenly transmit and distribute the heat through the shell, and a chromium coating on said shell to prevent corrosion.
  • An internal combustion engine poppet valve consisting of a thin shell of a copper 'base alloy Vand a coating of chromium thereon.
  • An internal combustion engine poppet valve the stem and head formed of a thin shell of copper base alloy, a tappet abutment mechanically interlocked with said shell at the stem end thereof and a coating of chromium on said shell.
  • a poppet valve consisting of a stem and head of a thin hollow shell of a copper base alloy, forming a hollow Valve, a steel tappet abutment mechanically interlocked with the end of said stem of said shell and said shell being coated with chromium.

Description

ff 'f csozz/ J. GQ woQD ETAL VALVE Original Filed VTune 24, 194B Feb. 3, 1953I Patented Feb. 3, 1953 VALVE John G. Wood, Birmingham, and Andrew V. Jackson, Detroit, Mich., assignors to General Motors Corporation, Detroit, Mich., a corporation of Delaware Original application June 24, 1942, Serial No. 448,236. Divided and this application August 30, 1947, Serial No. 771,416
'The exhaust valves of internal combustion engines are in need of esp-:cial attention now that high octane fuels and high compression ratios are being used. At present the approved and accepted practice is to maize such valves of chrome nickel alloy steel. Apparently the chromium of the alloy serves-to render the valves resistant to the corrosive effects of the exhaust gases. Applicants believe that the chromium whichV isruseful is largely that lying adjacent the surface and `that the chromium remote from the surface has little value in resisting corrosion. They therefore propose to limit the use of chromium to a surface coating and to that end propose a coating of chromium by electrolysis. This will have the advantage of eliminating the greater weight present in a valve made from chrome nickel steel. It will also reduce the cost.
rllhis application is a division of applicants copending application Serial Number 448,236, filed June 24, 1942, now abandoned.
The question arises as to the foundation upon which the chromium shall be plated. In a companion application it has been proposed to plate chromium upon a core fabricated to Valve form from low carbon steel. In the present case it is proposed to use a core of a suitable metal having a relatively low melting point. Lead is one such metal. Upon this core is plated a shell of copper, brass or similar material to provide the necessary strength and upon the brass shell is plated a layer o1"- chromium. After plating with copper it is proposed to melt and remove the core. In this way there is made a very light valve which will not require a heavy Valve spring. The surface coating will render it resistant to the corrosive eects of the exhaust gases. The cavity resulting from the removal of the core may be supplied with any desired cooling medium, such as sodium or mercury or others heretofore used. Such a valve should make possible the use on ordinary motor vehicles of engines having high compression ratios and operated by high octane fuels without resort to the heavy chrome nickel valves which are expensive to fabricate and machine and which lack good heat conductivity.
Such a valve is illustrated on the drawing where Figure 1 shows a core of lead or some metal having a low melting point. Figure 2 shows, in section, the copper or brass plating over the lead core. Figure 3, also in section, shows the chromium plating over the copper, the lead core having been removed. Figure 4 shows, in elevation and partly broken away and in section, the cornpleted valve with a cooling medium within the cavity formed by removal of the lead.
8 Claims. (Cl. 12S-188) Referring tothe drawing the numeral 5 represents a core of lead or of some metal having a melting temperature which is low relative tothe metal shell which is to surround it. It is fabri# cated to the shape desired by extrusion or by any preferred method. A tappet abutment or plug l, preferably formed of alloy steel and `apertured as at 9, is positioned at the end of the stem portion of the core and the two parts, the core and plug, are electroplated with copper or brass, the shell of copper so formed being marked Il and serving to hold the plug because of its interlocked engagement with the recessed part I3 of the latter. The assembly of lead core, the plug and the shell is shown in Figure 2. The shell is of suiiicient structural strength for the purpose which it is to serve. The article so formed may then be heated sufficiently to melt the lead or other core which, as stated, has a melting point lower than that of the shell. The molten core may be removed through the plug aperture 9. Upon the shell Il is now plated a coating of chromium or some metal well adapted to resist the corrosive effects of the gases which are exhausted from the cylinders of internal combustion engines. This surface coating is marked l5.
Into the cavity of the valve so formed and through aperture 9 there may be supplied any preferred cooling medium, such as sodium, which will be in liquid form at a rather low temperature. This is shown at il. The aperture is then closed by a plug I9. Such a valve will be light and cornparatively inexpensive. lt will resist the corrosive effects of the exhaust gas due to the chromium plating and the heating eiect of the exhaust gas due to the high heat conductivity of the copper, and thus it will make possible the use of engines having high compression. ratios and using high octane fuel without the expensive alloy valves now being used for such engines.
For some purposes, as where a sodium or salt coolant is not needed, the core need not bemelted out and may remain as a constituent part of the valve.
We claim: 1. An internal combustion engine poppet valve consisting of a thin shell of copper and a coating of chromium thereon.
3 a steel tappet abutment mechanically interlocked with the end of said stem of said shell and said shell being coated with chromium.
4. A valve for high temperature fluids, the body of said valve consisting of a thin shell of copper having a uniform thickness, said shell constituting the essential structural portion of the valve, a coating of chromium on said shell, said coating of chromium protecting said copper shell from corrosion.
5. An internal combustion engine poppet valve, said valve consisting of a shell formed to provide the stem and head ofv the valve and being the essential structural supporting element of said valve, said shell being formed of thin copper of uniform thickness to evenly transmit and distribute the heat through the shell, and a chromium coating on said shell to prevent corrosion.
6. An internal combustion engine poppet valve consisting of a thin shell of a copper 'base alloy Vand a coating of chromium thereon.
7. An internal combustion engine poppet valve, the stem and head formed of a thin shell of copper base alloy, a tappet abutment mechanically interlocked with said shell at the stem end thereof and a coating of chromium on said shell.
8. In an internal combustion engine, a poppet valve consisting of a stem and head of a thin hollow shell of a copper base alloy, forming a hollow Valve, a steel tappet abutment mechanically interlocked with the end of said stem of said shell and said shell being coated with chromium.
JOHN G. WOOD. ANDREW V. JACKSON.
REFERENCES CITED The following references are of record in the file of this patent:
UNITED STATES PATENTS Great Britain July 27, 1944

Claims (1)

1. AN INTERNAL COMBUSTION ENGINE POPPET VALVE CONSISTING OF A THIN SHELL OF COPPER AND A COATING OF CHROMIUM THEREON.
US771416A 1942-06-24 1947-08-30 Valve Expired - Lifetime US2627259A (en)

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Cited By (29)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1198608B (en) * 1960-11-25 1965-08-12 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Inlet valve for internal combustion engines, especially with supercharging
US3378904A (en) * 1964-10-06 1968-04-23 Teves Thompson & Co G M B H Method of making valves for internalcombustion engines
US3911875A (en) * 1973-03-30 1975-10-14 Semt Cooled exhaust valve for an internal combustion engine
DE2856232A1 (en) * 1978-12-27 1980-07-17 Teves Thompson Gmbh Mushroom valve for exhaust gas turbocharger - has hard metal seat on base covered with corrosion and temp.-resistant layer
US5056219A (en) * 1990-02-16 1991-10-15 Aisan Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method of manufacturing hollow engine valve
US5619796A (en) * 1993-04-01 1997-04-15 Eaton Corporation Method of making an ultra light engine valve
US5738060A (en) * 1997-05-29 1998-04-14 Trw Inc. Poppet valve and method of making the poppet valve
US6195890B1 (en) * 1998-03-02 2001-03-06 T & R Solutions, Inc. Method of making a valve stem
US6257190B1 (en) * 1998-08-28 2001-07-10 Terry Glyn Linebarger Cam operating system
US6378543B1 (en) * 1999-02-12 2002-04-30 Nittan Valve Co., Ltd. Hollow poppet valve and the method for manufacturing the same
US6679478B2 (en) 2000-07-17 2004-01-20 Nittan Valve Co., Ltd. Hollow poppet valve and method for manufacturing the same
US20040031461A1 (en) * 2002-08-19 2004-02-19 Trw Inc. Chrome plated engine valve
US7051961B2 (en) 2002-06-07 2006-05-30 Synerject, Llc Fuel injector with a coating
US20060124771A1 (en) * 2004-12-13 2006-06-15 Catasus-Servia Jordi J Fuel injector assembly and poppet
US7222837B1 (en) * 2003-11-17 2007-05-29 Blume George H Valve body with integral seal retention groove
US7641175B1 (en) 2001-04-16 2010-01-05 Blume George H Valve body and seal
US20120228538A1 (en) * 2009-12-24 2012-09-13 Yoshimura Company Method for manufacturing valve umbrella portion of hollow engine valve, press device of valve umbrella portion of hollow engine valve, and hollow engine valve
US8312805B1 (en) 2004-05-04 2012-11-20 Novatech Holdings Corp. High pressure pump piston
EP2803827A1 (en) * 2013-02-28 2014-11-19 Mahle International GmbH Metallic hollow valve
DE102013213268A1 (en) * 2013-07-05 2015-01-08 Mahle International Gmbh Built hollow valve
US9255559B2 (en) 2013-02-28 2016-02-09 Mahle International Gmbh Metallic hollow valve
US9291274B1 (en) 2001-04-16 2016-03-22 Novatech Holdings Corp. Valve body and seal assembly
US20170276032A1 (en) * 2016-03-24 2017-09-28 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Engine valve and method of producing the same
US20180220501A1 (en) * 2014-03-24 2018-08-02 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Transparent articles including electromagnetic radiation shielding
US20190277169A1 (en) * 2018-03-06 2019-09-12 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Hollow Valve For An Engine
US11300018B2 (en) 2018-03-20 2022-04-12 Nittan Valve Co., Ltd. Hollow exhaust poppet valve
US11313257B2 (en) * 2017-06-29 2022-04-26 Federal-Mogul Valvetrain Gmbh Cavity valve with optimized shaft interior geometry, and method for producing same
US11536167B2 (en) 2018-11-12 2022-12-27 Nittan Valve Co., Ltd. Method for manufacturing engine poppet valve
US11850690B2 (en) 2020-03-30 2023-12-26 Nittan Corporation Method for manufacturing engine poppet valve

Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US328970A (en) * 1885-10-27 place
US1295979A (en) * 1916-08-04 1919-03-04 Pfanstiehl Company Inc Valve for internal-combustion engines and method of making the same.
US1557022A (en) * 1922-11-03 1925-10-13 Aeromarine Plane & Motor Compa Valve and method of making same
US1557025A (en) * 1924-07-17 1925-10-13 Us Ind Alcohol Co Nickel-chromium alloy and articles made therefrom
US1784640A (en) * 1927-09-15 1930-12-09 Noble Warren Poppet valve
GB396577A (en) * 1931-10-14 1933-08-10 Wilcox Rich Corp Improvements in or relating to valves and methods of making the same
US1956014A (en) * 1924-11-22 1934-04-24 Chemical Treat Company Inc Wearing part for internal combustion engines
US2328512A (en) * 1940-08-30 1943-08-31 Thompson Prod Inc Ribbed dome hollow head valve
GB563071A (en) * 1942-06-24 1944-07-27 Gen Motors Corp Improved valves for internal combustion engines and methods of making the same

Patent Citations (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US328970A (en) * 1885-10-27 place
US1295979A (en) * 1916-08-04 1919-03-04 Pfanstiehl Company Inc Valve for internal-combustion engines and method of making the same.
US1557022A (en) * 1922-11-03 1925-10-13 Aeromarine Plane & Motor Compa Valve and method of making same
US1557025A (en) * 1924-07-17 1925-10-13 Us Ind Alcohol Co Nickel-chromium alloy and articles made therefrom
US1956014A (en) * 1924-11-22 1934-04-24 Chemical Treat Company Inc Wearing part for internal combustion engines
US1784640A (en) * 1927-09-15 1930-12-09 Noble Warren Poppet valve
GB396577A (en) * 1931-10-14 1933-08-10 Wilcox Rich Corp Improvements in or relating to valves and methods of making the same
US2328512A (en) * 1940-08-30 1943-08-31 Thompson Prod Inc Ribbed dome hollow head valve
GB563071A (en) * 1942-06-24 1944-07-27 Gen Motors Corp Improved valves for internal combustion engines and methods of making the same

Cited By (36)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1198608B (en) * 1960-11-25 1965-08-12 Maschf Augsburg Nuernberg Ag Inlet valve for internal combustion engines, especially with supercharging
US3378904A (en) * 1964-10-06 1968-04-23 Teves Thompson & Co G M B H Method of making valves for internalcombustion engines
US3911875A (en) * 1973-03-30 1975-10-14 Semt Cooled exhaust valve for an internal combustion engine
DE2856232A1 (en) * 1978-12-27 1980-07-17 Teves Thompson Gmbh Mushroom valve for exhaust gas turbocharger - has hard metal seat on base covered with corrosion and temp.-resistant layer
US5056219A (en) * 1990-02-16 1991-10-15 Aisan Kogyo Kabushiki Kaisha Method of manufacturing hollow engine valve
US5619796A (en) * 1993-04-01 1997-04-15 Eaton Corporation Method of making an ultra light engine valve
US5738060A (en) * 1997-05-29 1998-04-14 Trw Inc. Poppet valve and method of making the poppet valve
US6195890B1 (en) * 1998-03-02 2001-03-06 T & R Solutions, Inc. Method of making a valve stem
US6257190B1 (en) * 1998-08-28 2001-07-10 Terry Glyn Linebarger Cam operating system
US6378543B1 (en) * 1999-02-12 2002-04-30 Nittan Valve Co., Ltd. Hollow poppet valve and the method for manufacturing the same
US6679478B2 (en) 2000-07-17 2004-01-20 Nittan Valve Co., Ltd. Hollow poppet valve and method for manufacturing the same
US9291274B1 (en) 2001-04-16 2016-03-22 Novatech Holdings Corp. Valve body and seal assembly
US7641175B1 (en) 2001-04-16 2010-01-05 Blume George H Valve body and seal
US7051961B2 (en) 2002-06-07 2006-05-30 Synerject, Llc Fuel injector with a coating
US20040031461A1 (en) * 2002-08-19 2004-02-19 Trw Inc. Chrome plated engine valve
US7011067B2 (en) * 2002-08-19 2006-03-14 Trw Chrome plated engine valve
US7222837B1 (en) * 2003-11-17 2007-05-29 Blume George H Valve body with integral seal retention groove
US8312805B1 (en) 2004-05-04 2012-11-20 Novatech Holdings Corp. High pressure pump piston
US20060124771A1 (en) * 2004-12-13 2006-06-15 Catasus-Servia Jordi J Fuel injector assembly and poppet
US7159801B2 (en) 2004-12-13 2007-01-09 Synerject, Llc Fuel injector assembly and poppet
US20120228538A1 (en) * 2009-12-24 2012-09-13 Yoshimura Company Method for manufacturing valve umbrella portion of hollow engine valve, press device of valve umbrella portion of hollow engine valve, and hollow engine valve
EP2517806A4 (en) * 2009-12-24 2013-11-20 Mitsubishi Heavy Ind Ltd Method for manufacturing valve umbrella portion of hollow engine valve, press device of valve umbrella portion of hollow engine valve, and hollow engine valve
US8650752B2 (en) * 2009-12-24 2014-02-18 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Method for manufacturing valve umbrella portion of hollow engine valve, press device of valve umbrella portion of hollow engine valve, and hollow engine valve
EP2517806A1 (en) * 2009-12-24 2012-10-31 Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd. Method for manufacturing valve umbrella portion of hollow engine valve, press device of valve umbrella portion of hollow engine valve, and hollow engine valve
EP2803827A1 (en) * 2013-02-28 2014-11-19 Mahle International GmbH Metallic hollow valve
US9255559B2 (en) 2013-02-28 2016-02-09 Mahle International Gmbh Metallic hollow valve
DE102013213268A1 (en) * 2013-07-05 2015-01-08 Mahle International Gmbh Built hollow valve
WO2015000679A1 (en) * 2013-07-05 2015-01-08 Mahle International Gmbh Assembled hollow valve
US20180220501A1 (en) * 2014-03-24 2018-08-02 Sabic Global Technologies B.V. Transparent articles including electromagnetic radiation shielding
US20170276032A1 (en) * 2016-03-24 2017-09-28 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Engine valve and method of producing the same
US10364710B2 (en) * 2016-03-24 2019-07-30 Honda Motor Co., Ltd. Engine valve and method of producing the same
US11313257B2 (en) * 2017-06-29 2022-04-26 Federal-Mogul Valvetrain Gmbh Cavity valve with optimized shaft interior geometry, and method for producing same
US20190277169A1 (en) * 2018-03-06 2019-09-12 Ohio State Innovation Foundation Hollow Valve For An Engine
US11300018B2 (en) 2018-03-20 2022-04-12 Nittan Valve Co., Ltd. Hollow exhaust poppet valve
US11536167B2 (en) 2018-11-12 2022-12-27 Nittan Valve Co., Ltd. Method for manufacturing engine poppet valve
US11850690B2 (en) 2020-03-30 2023-12-26 Nittan Corporation Method for manufacturing engine poppet valve

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