EP2796620B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'un pieu de fondation pour des ouvrages offshore et pieu de fondation pour des ouvrages offshore - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'un pieu de fondation pour des ouvrages offshore et pieu de fondation pour des ouvrages offshore Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2796620B1
EP2796620B1 EP14165646.2A EP14165646A EP2796620B1 EP 2796620 B1 EP2796620 B1 EP 2796620B1 EP 14165646 A EP14165646 A EP 14165646A EP 2796620 B1 EP2796620 B1 EP 2796620B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
anchor
drop
seabed
casting material
foundation pile
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP14165646.2A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP2796620A2 (fr
EP2796620A3 (fr
Inventor
Daniel Bartminn
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Innogy SE
Original Assignee
RWE Innogy GmbH
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Filing date
Publication date
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Publication of EP2796620A2 publication Critical patent/EP2796620A2/fr
Publication of EP2796620A3 publication Critical patent/EP2796620A3/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP2796620B1 publication Critical patent/EP2796620B1/fr
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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02D—FOUNDATIONS; EXCAVATIONS; EMBANKMENTS; UNDERGROUND OR UNDERWATER STRUCTURES
    • E02D5/00—Bulkheads, piles, or other structural elements specially adapted to foundation engineering
    • E02D5/74—Means for anchoring structural elements or bulkheads
    • E02D5/80—Ground anchors
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/0065—Monopile structures
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0056—Platforms with supporting legs
    • E02B2017/0073—Details of sea bottom engaging footing
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E02—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING; FOUNDATIONS; SOIL SHIFTING
    • E02B—HYDRAULIC ENGINEERING
    • E02B17/00—Artificial islands mounted on piles or like supports, e.g. platforms on raisable legs or offshore constructions; Construction methods therefor
    • E02B2017/0091—Offshore structures for wind turbines

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing a foundation pile for offshore structures.
  • the invention further relates to a foundation pile for offshore structures and an offshore structure with a pile foundation.
  • Offshore structures in the context of the present invention are, for example, wind turbines, substations or drilling or production platforms.
  • a pile foundation in the seabed is required.
  • Common foundation types are for example so-called monopiles, jackets, tripods or tripiles.
  • one or more steel piles are first driven into the seabed.
  • a steel grid structure / steel tube structure is placed on the steel piles in the case of a jacket foundation, which receives a so-called "transition piece" above the sea level.
  • the transition piece then takes on the actual structure, for example in the form of a steel tower.
  • the tower receives at its uppermost end the wind power generator with a rotor.
  • the piles must be driven with considerable depth into the seabed, as the stability of the piles is only ensured if the piles have been driven into the ground to a sustainable soil horizon.
  • the actual load of the piles may be higher than the assumed load bearing requirements, which may ultimately result in the failure of a foundation pile.
  • the load and material fatigue caused by the piling process can exceed the predicted and calculated amount, so that the pile must either be completely abandoned or has a reduced life expectancy.
  • the danger of a local structural failure, for example due to dents, increases with greater depth of foundation.
  • the piles have to be set at a specified distance, which is ensured by means of the template in the so-called "prepiling". This presupposes that the ground condition is such that all piles to be set can be driven to the given soil horizon. There are no variations with regard to the distance or the place for setting the piles.
  • the WO 2011/147476 A1 describes a method for producing a foundation pile for offshore structures.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object to provide a particularly simple method for producing a foundation pile for offshore structures, which in particular is not subject to the aforementioned limitations.
  • the object is achieved by a method for producing a foundation pile for offshore structures according to claim 1.
  • the displacement channel generated by the fall anchor when immersed in the sediment of the seabed is called.
  • the invention is based on the idea of using at least one anchor point in the seabed by means of a drop anchor and at least one anchored to the anchor anchor anchor at the anchorage on which the anchorage trunk is posted.
  • the fall anchor is dimensioned, for example, in terms of its mass and in terms of its geometry so that it penetrates due to its kinetic energy in free fall to a predetermined depth in the seabed. This takes in the case of this battered anchor trunk.
  • One or more potting ground lines can be fastened to the anchor line, which are also carried along by the drop anchor. By means of this potting ground line, a curable potting compound, for example a concrete that hardens under water, is then injected under pressure into the firing channel Pressed, the anchor line at the same time serves to reinforce the Vergussmasseklandle thus prepared in situ.
  • a fall anchor in the context of the present invention, for example, a fall anchor is provided which has a torpedo-shaped base body with a Eindringpitze and the end is provided with a plurality of torpedo wings for the purpose of stabilization.
  • the torpedo body may for example be hollow and comprise one or more ballast chambers that can be filled with a ballast.
  • the method has in particular the advantage over conventional pile foundations that a bracing of the structure to be paid to one or more anchor lugs can be done, which naturally leaves a certain amount of space in the placement of the offshore structure, so that the setting of the foundation piles not by a template or the underwater structure of the structure is given.
  • an anchor line or an anchor chain or an anchor cable is provided.
  • tension elements / anchor cables, or anchor cables, or anchor chains can be attached to a fall anchor, although the following is a tension element in each case.
  • a tension element in the sense of the invention is a flexible tension element which can transmit only tensile forces, but not compressive forces.
  • the potting compound is introduced over at least a partial length of the tension element in the firing channel, wherein the tension element remains in the cured potting compound.
  • the tension element serves on the one hand the reinforcement of the potting compound, on the other hand, the bracing of the offshore structure to be built.
  • the tension member is provided at the side remote from the anchor anchor side with at least one float, which is arranged at a predetermined distance from the fall anchor, the distance chosen according to the planned depth of penetration of the drop anchor into the seabed and the height of the sea level above the seabed is such that the tension member and the potting grounding line connected thereto can float so that they can be captured by a supply ship.
  • the fall anchor is expediently provided with ballast before being dropped off, wherein the ballast mass is chosen such that the fall anchor penetrates into the seabed up to a load-bearing soil horizon.
  • the drop anchor is suspended from a discharge line and the dropping takes place by actuating a triggering mechanism on the discharge line.
  • the fall anchor is struck in this case both on the discharge line as well as on one or more tension members.
  • the fall anchor is introduced through a protective tube or a sheet pile wall into the seabed, wherein the protective tube or the sheet pile enclosure were previously set.
  • seabed In order to facilitate penetration of the fall anchor into the seabed, provision may be made for the seabed to be fluidized beneath the protective tube or within the sheet pile enclosure prior to the fall anchor being removed by injection of compressed air or water.
  • the protective tube is pumped empty before dropping the drop anchor, so that the kinetic energy with which the drop anchor can penetrate into the seabed, significantly increased.
  • the protective tube which may extend, for example, beyond the sea level, be pumped with a liquid, so that at the pipe base through the liquid column, an increased hydrostatic pressure is built up, which facilitates the penetration of the drop anchor into the seabed.
  • the liquid column can be adjusted accordingly, for example, with regard to its specific weight.
  • the protective tube can, for example, be flushed into the seabed to a certain depth before the drop anchor is dropped off.
  • the potting ground line can be provided, for example, with a plurality of outlet openings or outlet nozzles provided at a distance from one another in the longitudinal direction, so that the potting compound can penetrate uniformly over the height of the tension element into the firing channel.
  • the potting grounding line is pulled during potting. Then it is not absolutely necessary to provide several outlet openings for the potting compound. However, a pulling of the potting ground line can also be provided if a potting ground line with a plurality of distributed over the height and / or circumference arranged outlet openings for the potting compound application.
  • the potting grounding line can be lost at least over a subsection extending in the weft channel, i. remain in the firing channel via this section.
  • the object underlying the invention is further achieved by a foundation pile for offshore structures, comprising a drop anchor, at least one cast on this anchor line as tension element and a cast in situ within the seabed and extending within the seabed over a length Vergussmasseklaklale, wherein the anchor tube extends over a partial length within the Vergussmaskla and at least to the sea level.
  • the foundation pile according to the invention may comprise at least one protective casing which extends only over a partial length of the casting-mass column.
  • the foundation pile may be provided with a sheet piling enclosure extending over a partial length of the potting column.
  • the object underlying the invention is finally achieved by an offshore structure with a pile foundation, comprising a plurality of sinker sunk in the seabed and above the drop anchor extending, in-situ grouted Vergussmasseklaklalen, wherein the building is covered by anchor lugs, which are posted on the drop anchors.
  • the anchor lugs each extend through a Vergussmasklale or in this approximately longitudinally.
  • the offshore structure according to the invention may for example comprise a monopile, which has been constructed in a conventional manner and which comprises a bracing over a plurality of anchoring lugs.
  • the offshore structure according to the invention comprises a pile foundation formed according to the invention, the pile foundation being carried out by the method according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 showing a monopile 1 of the prior art.
  • a transition piece 2 is mounted with a platform 3 and a connection structure, not shown.
  • the transition piece 2 is referred to in the prior art as a so-called "transition piece”.
  • the monopile 1 according to the invention has a relatively large diameter and was placed in the seabed 4 either by ramming or flushing.
  • FIG. 2 shows in direct comparison to the FIG. 1 an offshore structure according to the invention also comprising a monopile 1, a transition piece 2 and a platform 3.
  • the monopile 1 according to the invention is shorter and slimmer than the monopile 1 according to the prior art.
  • the former is guyed over four anchor lugs 5, each of which is posted to a foundation pile 6 in the seabed 4. More precisely, each anchor line 5 is fastened to a drop anchor 7 and extends through a potting column 8 which is arranged above the drop anchor 7 and which has been cast in situ in the seabed.
  • the Vergussmaskla 8 has been created without permanent formwork and without standpipe, as will be explained below. Accordingly, the Vergussmaskla 8 has no regular outer contour.
  • FIG. 3 shows a plan view of the arrangement according to FIG. 2 .
  • the fall anchor 7 is a drop anchor in the sense of the preceding statements. This comprises a torpedo-shaped base body 9, which has a Eindringpitze 10 at its leading end and its trailing end is provided with four guide vanes 11.
  • an extra concentric arrangement of Vergussmassetechnisch and the anchor tube 5 is provided such that the anchor tube 5 extends within the Vergussmassetechnisch 12, alternatively, of course, can be provided to move one or more Vergussmassetechnischen 12 parallel to the respective anchor line 5.
  • FIG. 4a A plan view of the fall anchor 7 according to FIG. 4 ,
  • a potting compound for example concrete, is pressed under pressure into the shot channel 7 produced by the drop anchor 7 in the subsoil 4, so that the in FIG. 2 above the drop anchor 7 extending Vergussmasseklakla 8 results.
  • potting compound is a concrete or anchor mortar into consideration. Hardens the potting compound, this results in the FIG. 2 illustrated foundation pile 6, from which the anchorage trunk 5 is led out.
  • the settling of the drop anchor 7 is in the Figures 5, 5a and 5b shown relatively simplified.
  • the drop anchor 7 hangs on a crane 13, which is placed on a provisionally already established platform 3.
  • the platform 3 may be part of the offshore structure to be anchored.
  • the drop anchor 7 is struck on the one hand on the anchor line 5, on the other hand suspended from a discharge line 14.
  • drop anchor 7 can be started by a ship.
  • a protective tube 15 is designated, whose diameter is slightly larger than that of the fall anchor 7.
  • the protective tube was only slightly washed into the subsoil 4 and extends well above sea level 16.
  • the drop anchor 7 is inserted into the upper end of the protective tube 15, then the drop anchor 7 is separated from the discharge line 14 or dropped with the discharge line 14 by utilizing its kinetic energy.
  • the fall anchor 7 drops through the protective tube 15 and penetrates into the subsoil 4, wherein it simply entrains only the attached to this anchor tube 5 and the Vergussmasse effet 12.
  • a float 17 is attached, which allows floating of the anchor tube 5.
  • the anchor pipe 5 can be picked up in this way by a supply ship and, for example, attached to the offshore structure and stretched.
  • the drop anchor 7 may have been provided with appropriate ballast prior to discharge, which is why the main body 9 of the drop anchor 7 may be provided with corresponding chambers.
  • the mass of a drop anchor may be between about ten and one hundred tons, such as a drop anchor may, for example, have a length of up to twenty meters and a diameter of up to one meter.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Paleontology (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)
  • Piles And Underground Anchors (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Procédé de fabrication d'un pieu de fondation (6) pour des ouvrages offshore, comprenant les étapes de procédé suivantes :
    - fournir et disposer une ancre (7) à une hauteur prédéterminée au-dessus du fond marin (4),
    - fixer au moins une chaîne d'ancre (5) à l'ancre,
    - fixer au moins une conduite de masse de coulée (12) à la chaîne d'ancre (5),
    - jeter l'ancre de sorte que celle-ci s'enfonce dans le sous-sol marin sous l'effet de son énergie cinétique, et
    - introduire une masse de coulée durcissable dans le passage d'insertion créé dans le sous-sol marin lors de l'enfoncement de l'ancre.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que la masse de coulée est introduite dans le passage d'insertion au moins sur une longueur partielle de l'élément de traction, la chaîne d'ancre restant dans la masse de coulée durcie.
  3. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que l'élément de traction est pourvu d'au moins un corps flottant (17) qui est disposé à une distance prédéterminée de l'ancre, la distance étant choisie conformément à la profondeur d'enfoncement prévue de l'ancre dans le sous-sol marin et conformément à la hauteur du niveau de la mer (16) au-dessus du fond marin.
  4. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé en ce que l'ancre, avant d'être jetée, est pourvue d'un ballast, la masse de ballast étant choisie de telle sorte que l'ancre pénètre jusqu'à un type de sol portant dans le sous-sol marin.
  5. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé en ce que l'ancre est accrochée à un tronçon de jet d'ancre (14) et le jet de l'ancre s'effectue en actionnant un mécanisme de déclenchement au niveau du tronçon de jet d'ancre.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 5, caractérisé en ce que l'ancre est amenée dans le sous-sol marin par un tube de protection (15) ou par une bordure en palplanches.
  7. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le tube de protection est incorporé dans le sous-sol marin avant de jeter l'ancre.
  8. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 6 ou 7, caractérisé en ce que le sous-sol marin est fluidisé par injection d'air sous pression ou d'eau à l'intérieur du tube de protection ou à l'intérieur de la bordure en palplanches avant de jeter l'ancre.
  9. Procédé selon la revendication 6, caractérisé en ce que le tube de protection est pompé à vide avant de jeter l'ancre.
  10. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 9, caractérisé en ce qu'au moins une conduite de masse de coulée comprenant plusieurs ouvertures de sortie prévues à distance les unes des autres dans la direction longitudinale est utilisée pour la masse de coulée.
  11. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 10, caractérisé en ce que la conduite de masse de coulée est tirée pendant la coulée.
  12. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 11, caractérisé en ce que la conduite de masse de coulée est perdue sur au moins la section partielle s'étendant dans le passage d'insertion.
  13. Pieu de fondation (6) pour des ouvrages offshore, fabriqué selon un procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications 1 à 12, dans lequel le pieu de fondation comprend une colonne de masse de coulée (8) coulée in situ à l'intérieur du sous-sol marin (4) et s'étendant sur une longueur à l'intérieur du sous-sol marin (4), et dans lequel la chaîne d'ancre (5) s'étend à l'intérieur de la colonne de masse de coulée (8) et au moins jusqu'au niveau de la mer (16).
  14. Pieu de fondation selon la revendication 13, comprenant un tubage de protection qui s'étend sur une longueur partielle de la colonne de masse de coulée (8).
  15. Pieu de fondation selon la revendication 13, comprenant une bordure en palplanches qui s'étend sur une longueur partielle de la colonne de masse de coulée (8).
  16. Ouvrage offshore comprenant une fondation à base de pieux comprenant plusieurs pieux de fondation enfoncés dans le sous-sol marin (4) selon l'une quelconque des revendications 13 à 15 et des colonnes de masse de coulée (8) coulées in situ et s'étendant au-dessus de l'ancre (7) des pieux de fondation, l'ouvrage étant ancré par le biais de chaînes d'ancre (5) qui sont attachées aux ancres (7).
  17. Ouvrage offshore selon la revendication 16, caractérisé en ce que les chaînes d'ancre (5) s'étendent à travers les colonnes de masse de coulée.
  18. Ouvrage offshore selon l'une quelconque des revendications 16 ou 17, caractérisé en ce que celui-ci comprend une mono-pile (1) et un ancrage par le biais de plusieurs chaînes d'ancre (5).
EP14165646.2A 2013-04-26 2014-04-23 Procédé de fabrication d'un pieu de fondation pour des ouvrages offshore et pieu de fondation pour des ouvrages offshore Active EP2796620B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE102013007237.9A DE102013007237A1 (de) 2013-04-26 2013-04-26 Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Gründungspfahls für Offshore-Bauwerke sowie Gründungspfahl für Offshore-Bauwerke und Offshore-Bauwerk mit Pfahlgründung

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2796620A2 EP2796620A2 (fr) 2014-10-29
EP2796620A3 EP2796620A3 (fr) 2015-03-04
EP2796620B1 true EP2796620B1 (fr) 2016-05-18

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EP14165646.2A Active EP2796620B1 (fr) 2013-04-26 2014-04-23 Procédé de fabrication d'un pieu de fondation pour des ouvrages offshore et pieu de fondation pour des ouvrages offshore

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EP (1) EP2796620B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE102013007237A1 (fr)
DK (1) DK2796620T3 (fr)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN112502189A (zh) * 2020-12-21 2021-03-16 湖南科技大学 一种用于裸铺海底管道位移控制的装置及控制方法
CN114809118A (zh) * 2021-02-05 2022-07-29 洛阳理工学院 一种高抗拔力压力型抗浮锚杆及其施工方法
DE102021119100A1 (de) 2021-07-23 2023-01-26 Vallourec Deutschland Gmbh Anordnung zur Gründung eines Hochbauwerks in einem wasserbedeckten Grund, insbesondere zur Monopile-Gründung einer Offshore-Windenergieanlage, und Montageverfahren hierfür
CN115110591B (zh) * 2022-07-04 2023-04-21 江苏科技大学 一种用于海上风电单桩基础加固、纠偏的装置及方法

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE7040225U (de) * 1971-01-28 Holzmann P Ag Erdanker
US6764251B1 (en) * 2001-07-05 2004-07-20 Anthony J. Schnur Anchor
BRPI0405799B1 (pt) * 2004-12-21 2018-06-12 Petroleo Brasileiro S.A. - Petrobras Estaca torpedo com poder de garra aumentado e com abas para ancoragem permanente ou temporária de estruturas flutuantes e método de instalação
DK2534314T3 (en) * 2010-05-25 2017-02-06 Siemens Ag Wind turbine foundation construction
NO331792B1 (no) * 2010-08-10 2012-04-02 Deep Sea Anchors As Et gravitasjonsinstallert anker og fremgangsmate for installasjon av ankeret

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Publication number Publication date
DE102013007237A1 (de) 2014-10-30
DK2796620T3 (en) 2016-08-22
EP2796620A2 (fr) 2014-10-29
EP2796620A3 (fr) 2015-03-04

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