EP2788821B1 - Gleitschicht für uhrzugfeder aus verbundmaterial - Google Patents

Gleitschicht für uhrzugfeder aus verbundmaterial Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2788821B1
EP2788821B1 EP12794714.1A EP12794714A EP2788821B1 EP 2788821 B1 EP2788821 B1 EP 2788821B1 EP 12794714 A EP12794714 A EP 12794714A EP 2788821 B1 EP2788821 B1 EP 2788821B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
mainspring
coating
spring
composition
barrel
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Active
Application number
EP12794714.1A
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2788821A1 (de
Inventor
Christophe Avril
Dominique Perreux
Jean-Michel Tisserand
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cartier International AG
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Cartier International AG
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Publication date
Application filed by Cartier International AG filed Critical Cartier International AG
Priority to EP12794714.1A priority Critical patent/EP2788821B1/de
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Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G04—HOROLOGY
    • G04B—MECHANICALLY-DRIVEN CLOCKS OR WATCHES; MECHANICAL PARTS OF CLOCKS OR WATCHES IN GENERAL; TIME PIECES USING THE POSITION OF THE SUN, MOON OR STARS
    • G04B1/00—Driving mechanisms
    • G04B1/10—Driving mechanisms with mainspring
    • G04B1/14—Mainsprings; Bridles therefor
    • G04B1/145—Composition and manufacture of the springs

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a barrel spring coated for a motor member in a mechanical clockwork movement.
  • the coating reduces friction of spring turns and has good cohesion.
  • the spiral barrel spring is the organ for storing the mechanical energy necessary for the operation of the watch. Generally, its geometric dimensions and the mechanical properties of the material that compose it determine the potential energy that the spiral barrel is capable of storing and the maximum torque that it delivers.
  • the unwinding of the leaf of the spring produces the energy necessary for the operation of the watch.
  • the figure 1 shows an exploded view of a barrel spring 1 housed in a barrel drum 2.
  • the shape of the leaf of the spring has evolved to a shape recognized in S returned (see figure 2 and "Clockwork Theory" by CA Reymondin et al., Published by the Federation of Technical Schools, Switzerland, 1998 ). This particular shape makes it possible to produce a relatively constant torque irrespective of the state of arming of the spring.
  • the maximum energy is stored by the mainspring when the proportion between the area occupied by the latter, when it is armed, and that which remains free in the drum is about 50%.
  • Watch manufacturers have always sought to increase the energy storage capacity of the barrel springs and, thus, the power reserve of mechanical watches, without increasing the volume, that is to say the congestion , barrels. Efforts have mainly been directed towards the reduction of energy losses, particularly due to friction. This is how it was proposed to wear the barrel spring of a lubricating layer, for example a metal coating or DLC ("Diamond-Like Carbon”), to limit internal friction.
  • a lubricating layer for example a metal coating or DLC ("Diamond-Like Carbon")
  • the coating of the spring must withstand several stresses. On the one hand it must participate in reducing the friction between the turns and on the other hand it must participate in the overall cohesion of the spring material. However between the armed and disarmed position, the surface of the spring undergoes very important deformations. In the case of the aforementioned coatings, the repetition of such deformations, during the winding and disarming of the spring, may result in the breakage of the coating or its delamination. For the same reasons, a coating whose elastic behavior is provided by covalent or ionic type bonds, such as a ceramic or diamond coating, can also ensure a satisfactory cohesion of the coating with the spring.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a driving member spring for a watch movement, said barrel spring being made of a material comprising a fiber-containing polymer matrix, said barrel spring having a coating comprising a epoxy type resin having a gelling time greater than 20 min at 90 ° C.
  • Another object of the invention is to provide a driving member for a watch movement comprising said mainspring.
  • Yet another object of the invention is to propose a timepiece comprising the driving member.
  • coating the barrel spring may include a step of immersing the spring in the composition, or a spray coating step, or a vapor deposition step.
  • the proposed barrel spring makes it possible to reduce the friction of the turns of the mainspring and the coating has a good cohesion.
  • a barrel spring 1 is made of a composite material.
  • composite material is meant herein a polymer matrix containing fibers, such as glass fibers or the like.
  • the fibers are oriented unidirectionally in the polymeric matrix.
  • Such springs made of the composite material may be less susceptible than conventional metal springs to fatigue fractures and, therefore, have a longer life.
  • the fibers of such a composite spring may be carbon, glass, aramid or of another nature (for example fiber mixtures) but in all cases their axial elastic modulus is preferably between 80GPa and 600GPa.
  • the fibers are generally the same length as the spring and are arranged as parallel as possible to the great length of the spring. Preferably, the angle between the axis of each fiber and the axis of the spring is as close as possible to 0 ° and does not exceed locally 5 °.
  • the fibers typically have a diameter of between 1 ⁇ m and 35 ⁇ m.
  • a single spring may have fibers of different diameters but preferably the diameters used in the thickness of the spring allow to place at least ten fibers side by side to obtain a barrel spring of better homogeneity.
  • the polymer matrix may comprise a thermoplastic or a thermosetting plastic.
  • the volume fraction of fibers in the polymer is preferably between 30% and 75% or between 45% and 55%.
  • Nanoparticles may be added to the polymer matrix so as to harden the latter to repel the micro-buckling of the fibers in the compressive face of the spring in flexion. These nanoparticles may be silica, fullerenes, or any other material having the ability to bind to the polymeric resin and increase its compressive strength, without decreasing the ability of the polymeric resin to bind to the fibers.
  • a unidirectional fiberglass reinforced polymer matrix has a modulus of elasticity approximately four to five times lower than that of steel for a yield strength of about half. Anything else equal in the geometry of a steel spring or a composite spring: same length, same thickness and width, will drive the composite spring to a level of elastic energy stored restorable at least equal often a little larger than that of the steel spring and a variation in the torque delivered as a function of the lower cylinder rotation, this variation being proportionally related to the inverse of the Young's modulus of the material.
  • the maximum possible torque level will be lower for the composite spring with respect to the steel spring, this maximum torque being proportional to the breaking stress of the material.
  • the polymer matrix comprises an epoxy resin and the fibers are type E glass fibers or S or S2 type glass fibers.
  • Table 1 reports the properties of these glass fibers.
  • Table 1 fibers Glass E S or S2 glass Modulus of elasticity at 20 ° C 70 (+/- 2) GPa 88 (+/- 2) GPa Resistance to fracture at 20 ° C 3620 (+/- 170) MPa 4980 (+ / 150) MPa
  • the composite barrel spring 1 can be made by mixing fibers and the polymer matrix in the liquid state in the form of a strip.
  • the barrel spring can also be made using a prepreg material in which the fibers and the polymer matrix are already mixed, and wherein the polymerization reaction is stopped by a chemical retarder.
  • the fibers are preferably aligned along the longer length of the web.
  • the strip is then wound in a mold by exerting a tension along the length, allowing the winding of the composite strip.
  • the composite is then polymerized, for example, by external pressure of about 10 bar, so that the composite is forced to remain in the mold and take good shape. After cooking, the composite is removed from the mold and the surface of the thus-formed barrel spring is polished to remove imperfections related to the manufacturing process.
  • the composite barrel spring 1 is advantageously coated with an anti-friction coating 3 (see FIG. figure 3 ) so as to reduce the friction between the turns of the spring 1 when the latter is mounted in the barrel.
  • the figure 3 shows a sectional view of the mainspring spring 1 comprising said coating 3.
  • the deformations discussed above may be greater than 3% in tension respectively, -3% in compression.
  • the coating 3 must therefore be able to ensure satisfactory cohesion in these conditions.
  • the coating 3 comprises a material whose bonds are of hydrogen or Van der Waals type. More particularly, the spring is coated with a coating comprising a thermosetting or thermoplastic polymer. Preferably, the coating comprises a slow polymerization epoxy resin, i.e., having a gel time greater than 20 min at 90 ° C.
  • the composition can be made by mixing a hardener, the polymer and a catalyst under ambient conditions (ambient temperature and pressure).
  • the composition is heated to a temperature between 35 ° C and 70 ° so as to render the composition sufficiently fluid, that is to say until the composition has a critical viscosity of less than 3000mPa.s and preferably less than 300mPa.s.
  • Coating the barrel spring 1 may comprise completely immersing the spring in the composition during a time of immersion typically between 5 and 20 seconds. After the immersion step, the composition still in relatively liquid form.
  • the compatibility between the composition and the epoxy resin forming the spring matrix leads to a good wettability of the composition on the surface of the spring.
  • the polymer of the composition is an epoxy resin.
  • coating the barrel spring 1 may include a spray coating step or a vapor deposition step. In the latter case, the polymer of the composition is preferably a parylene polymer.
  • the homogenization step comprises rotating the barrel spring coated with the composition along axes of rotation oriented in the three orthogonal dimensions X, Y and Z (see FIG. figure 2 ).
  • the spring can be held at both ends, for example, using a pair of small clamps (not shown).
  • the two ends of the spring can be secured to one another by a metal rod or a plate (also not shown).
  • the rotation of the spring is performed so as to take advantage of the gravity which acts on the still fluid composition.
  • the rotation can be carried out at a rotation speed of between 5 rpm and 60 rpm, and preferably between 10 rpm and 30 rpm.
  • the rotation of the barrel spring coated with the composition is carried out along a single axis of rotation oriented at an angle of between 10 ° and 80 ° to the winding plane of the mainspring.
  • the homogenization step is carried out until the composition is polymerized thereby forming the coating.
  • the polymerization step of the composition may include heating the barrel spring 1 coated with the composition. Heating can be achieved by placing the barrel spring 1 in an oven or by providing infrared or microwave radiation. The heating is preferably performed during the homogenization step. Heating may also include a gradual increase in temperature until the polymerization temperature of the composition is reached.
  • the coating has a thickness at least equal to a quarter of the width of a fiber of said fibers.
  • the method comprises a step of polishing the coating so as to eliminate the imperfections of the coating 3 and to control the thickness of the coating.
  • the polishing is preferably carried out in such a way as to leave the coating with a thickness of between 3 ⁇ m and 20 ⁇ m.
  • the coating covers the fibers present at the surface of the spring and the method of manufacturing the mainspring, as well as the step of polishing the spring before the coating, had eliminated. This is advantageous since the fibers present at the surface of the spring tend to increase the friction between the turns.
  • the coating makes it possible to reduce the friction of the turns of the mainspring spring during operation.
  • the coating described here also reduces the risk of breakage of the coating or its delamination, which can be raised with a conventional metal coating. As the modulus of elasticity of the composite matrix of the mainspring is much higher than that of the coating, the latter plays only a negligible part in the mechanical properties of the coated coil spring.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Metallurgy (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Springs (AREA)

Claims (15)

  1. Aufzugsfeder für ein Antriebsorgan für ein Uhrwerk, wobei die besagte Aufzugsfeder aus einem Material hergestellt ist, das eine faserhaltige Polymermatrix umfasst, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    die besagte Aufzugsfeder eine Beschichtung umfasst, welche ein Epoxid-typ Harz mit einer Gelierzeit grösser als 20 Minuten bei 90°C umfasst.
  2. Aufzugsfeder gemäss Anspruch 1, worin das besagte Polymer der besagten Matrix wärmehärtbar ist und ein Epoxid-typ Harz umfasst.
  3. Aufzugsfeder gemäss Anspruch 1 oder 2, worin der Volumenanteil der Fasern in der Polymermatrix zwischen 30% und 75% und vorzugsweise zwischen 45% und 55% liegt.
  4. Aufzugsfeder gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, worin die Fasern einen axialen Elastizitätsmodul zwischen 80GPa und 600GPa aufweisen.
  5. Aufzugsfeder gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 4, worin der Winkel zwischen der Achse jeder Faser und der Achse der Feder (1) zwischen 0° und 5° liegt.
  6. Aufzugsfeder gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, worin die Fasern einen Durchmesser zwischen 1µm und 35µm aufweisen.
  7. Aufzugsfeder gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, worin die Matrix zudem Nanoteilchen umfasst.
  8. Aufzugsfeder gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, worin die besagten Nanoteilchen Silicium oder Fullerene umfassen.
  9. Aufzugsfeder gemäss einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, worin die Beschichtung eine Dicke zwischen 3µm und 20µm aufweist.
  10. Antriebsorgan für ein Uhrwerk, umfassend die Aufzugsfeder, welche durch einen der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 gekennzeichnet ist.
  11. Uhr mit dem Antriebsorgan gemäss Anspruch 10.
  12. Verfahren zur Herstellung der Aufzugsfeder, welche durch einen der Ansprüche 1 bis 9 gekennzeichnet ist, umfassend:
    Bereitstellen der Aufzugsfeder aus einem Material mit einer Polymermatrix, welche Fasern enthält;
    Beschichten der Aufzugsfeder (1) mit einer Zusammensetzung, welche ein Epoxid-typ Harz mit einer Gelierzeit grösser als 20 Minuten bei 90°C umfasst;
    Homogenisieren der Dicke der Zusammensetzung, welche die Aufzugsfeder bedeckt; und
    Polymerisieren der Zusammensetzung zur Bildung der Beschichtung.
  13. Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 12, worin der Homogenisierungsschritt das Drehen der mit der Zusammensetzung beschichteten Aufzugsfeder entlang Drehachsen umfasst, welche in den drei orthogonalen Dimensionen X, Y und Z ausgerichtet sind.
  14. Verfahren gemäss Anspruch 12, worin der Schritt des Homogenisierens das Drehen der mit der Zusammensetzung beschichteten Aufzugsfeder entlang einer Rotationsachse umfasst, welche in einem Winkel zwischen 10° und 80° der Wickelebene der Aufzugsfeder ausgerichtet ist.
  15. Verfahren gemäss einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 14, zudem mit einem Schritt des Polierens der Beschichtung (3), um der Beschichtung eine Dicke zwischen 3µm und 20µm zu verleihen.
EP12794714.1A 2011-12-09 2012-11-30 Gleitschicht für uhrzugfeder aus verbundmaterial Active EP2788821B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP12794714.1A EP2788821B1 (de) 2011-12-09 2012-11-30 Gleitschicht für uhrzugfeder aus verbundmaterial

Applications Claiming Priority (3)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
EP11192835.4A EP2602671A1 (de) 2011-12-09 2011-12-09 Gleitschicht für Uhrzugfeder aus Verbundmaterial
EP12794714.1A EP2788821B1 (de) 2011-12-09 2012-11-30 Gleitschicht für uhrzugfeder aus verbundmaterial
PCT/EP2012/074139 WO2013083494A1 (fr) 2011-12-09 2012-11-30 Revêtement antifriction pour ressort de barillet en matériau composite

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2788821A1 EP2788821A1 (de) 2014-10-15
EP2788821B1 true EP2788821B1 (de) 2019-04-10

Family

ID=47278301

Family Applications (2)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11192835.4A Withdrawn EP2602671A1 (de) 2011-12-09 2011-12-09 Gleitschicht für Uhrzugfeder aus Verbundmaterial
EP12794714.1A Active EP2788821B1 (de) 2011-12-09 2012-11-30 Gleitschicht für uhrzugfeder aus verbundmaterial

Family Applications Before (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP11192835.4A Withdrawn EP2602671A1 (de) 2011-12-09 2011-12-09 Gleitschicht für Uhrzugfeder aus Verbundmaterial

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US20140355395A1 (de)
EP (2) EP2602671A1 (de)
JP (1) JP2015500474A (de)
CN (1) CN104081294A (de)
HK (1) HK1198343A1 (de)
WO (1) WO2013083494A1 (de)

Families Citing this family (11)

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JP6125915B2 (ja) * 2013-06-10 2017-05-10 三菱重工業株式会社 プリプレグ渦巻き体の成形装置及びその成形方法、並びに該プリプレグ渦巻き体を含むスクロール流体機械
FR3010804B1 (fr) * 2013-09-17 2015-10-09 Mahytec Oscillateur mecanique pour mouvement horloger et procede de fabrication correspondant
JP6133767B2 (ja) * 2013-12-26 2017-05-24 シチズン時計株式会社 ひげぜんまい及びその製造方法
JP6223193B2 (ja) * 2014-01-10 2017-11-01 シチズン時計株式会社 ひげぜんまい及びその製造方法
CH709705B1 (fr) * 2014-05-28 2019-04-15 Sigatec Sa Procédé de fabrication d'une pièce de micro-mécanique et pièce de micro-mécanique correspondante.
CN107077095B (zh) * 2014-08-01 2019-11-05 卡地亚国际股份公司 具有包括丝素蛋白的表面的钟表部件
FR3052881B1 (fr) * 2016-06-21 2020-10-02 Lvmh Swiss Mft Sa Piece pour mouvement horloger, mouvement horloger, piece d'horlogerie et procede de fabrication d'une telle piece pour mouvement horloger
JP7006065B2 (ja) * 2017-09-14 2022-01-24 セイコーエプソン株式会社 時計用部品、時計用ムーブメントおよび時計
CH716627A1 (fr) * 2019-09-23 2021-03-31 Mft Dhorlogerie Audemars Piguet Sa Matériau composite forgé.
EP3839643B1 (de) * 2019-12-20 2024-02-21 The Swatch Group Research and Development Ltd Flexible uhrwerkskomponente und eine solche komponente umfassendes uhrwerk
EP3839649A1 (de) * 2019-12-20 2021-06-23 Nivarox-FAR S.A. Starre uhrwerkskomponente für oszillatormechanismus oder uhrhemmungsmechanismus, und uhrwerk, das eine solche komponente umfasst

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GB894591A (en) * 1957-08-17 1962-04-26 Straumann Inst Ag Improvements in components of clockwork and like mechanisms and processes for their manufacture
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US4464216A (en) * 1982-03-26 1984-08-07 Hercules Incorporated Composite negator springs
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN104081294A (zh) 2014-10-01
JP2015500474A (ja) 2015-01-05
HK1198343A1 (zh) 2015-04-02
WO2013083494A1 (fr) 2013-06-13
EP2788821A1 (de) 2014-10-15
US20140355395A1 (en) 2014-12-04
EP2602671A1 (de) 2013-06-12

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