EP2775037A1 - Decoupling mat for an area lining structure that can be covered with lining elements - Google Patents

Abstract

The mat (1) has a web-like or plate-like compensating element (2) that is provided with a set of upwardly projecting protrusions (4) starting from a lower bearing plane (3). The projecting moldings form an upper bearing plane (6) at a distance to the lower bearing plane. The upwardly projecting protrusions are spaced from each other such that the protrusions have an undercut (8) along its periphery. A water permeable cover inhibits penetration of a viscous adhesive material into the upwardly projecting protrusions on an underside of the lower bearing plane.

Description

The invention relates to a decoupling mat for a surface covering structure which can be covered with covering elements, with a sheet-like or plate-shaped compensation element which, starting from a lower supporting plane, has upwardly projecting formations which form an upper supporting plane at a distance from the lower supporting plane.

From practice diverse decoupling mats are known, which are arranged under a floor covering or behind a wall covering. Such decoupling mats should on the one hand ensure a sufficiently strong and durable connection of the floor or wall covering with the respective substrate and on the other hand prevent mechanical stresses between the floor or wall covering and the respective substrate, resulting in damage to the covering or in part Removal of the deposit from the ground can lead.

In particular, on heated floor structures that are exposed to changing temperatures, both between the covering elements on the one hand and the substrate on the other hand, but also over a time course away greater temperature fluctuations occur. The materials used in each case usually have a different expansion behavior Temperature fluctuations, so that, for example, in changing temperatures or direct sunlight in the vicinity of window fronts significant mechanical stresses between the covering elements and the substrate can occur.

Most decoupling mats have a profiled surface with a large number of protruding indentations and depressions. It has been shown that horizontally acting shearing forces can be reduced at the largest possible number of projections and depressions. In conjunction with Verkrallungsvlies and mesh fabrics, which are set on one side or both sides of the compensation element, a highly resilient connection of the decoupling mats to the substrate and to an adhesive mortar or other suitable fastening material can be effected, with which the covering elements are fixed to the decoupling mat.

It has been found that such decoupling mats, such as those in EP 1 073 813 B1 or in US 5,619,832 be described, can ensure sufficient for many applications decoupling effect.

However, it is considered a disadvantage that such decoupling mats often form a water-impermeable separating layer between the substrate and the covering elements. In practice, usually mineral adhesive mortars or other initially pasty and then curing adhesive materials are applied to the substrate to produce a flat surface and the decoupling mats on the ground set. If the decoupling mats are laid immediately thereafter on the not yet fully cured adhesive mortar, the release of moisture from the adhesive mortar is hindered and retarded curing of the adhesive mortar, which remains moist and not fully durable, so that subsequent trades also delay. While in some instances a watertight seal of the pad members to the substrate is desired, the contoured surface of the decoupling pads regularly results in accumulation and retention of moisture in the projecting cavities and depressions. In outdoor areas, for example, discolouration or, especially in the case of frost, damage to the covering elements or the laying mortar may occur both as a result of frequent permeation and drying cycles.

There are known from practice various drainage mats, which are moisture-permeable and can reduce unwanted accumulation of moisture below or above the drainage mats or even completely exclude. Individual embodiments are, for example, in DE 298 07 258 U1 or in US 6,151,854 described.

However, the different requirements for a mechanical decoupling on the one hand and the most efficient dehumidification on the other hand often lead to the fact that the known from the prior art decoupling mats or drainage mats are not equally suitable for all uses. A complex shape of the sheet or plate-shaped Compensation element, which is usually made of a suitable plastic material, also leads in conjunction with fixed thereto Verkrallungsfliesen and grid mats to a relatively high production cost.

It is therefore regarded as an object of the present invention to design a decoupling mat of the type mentioned in the introduction in such a way that the best possible decoupling effect can be achieved with the lowest possible production outlay. In addition, it would be desirable if the decoupling mat does not encapsulate the moisture contained in the substrate or in a screed or adhesive mortar, but allows and favors a quick dissipation of moisture.

The object is achieved in that the protrusions are spaced from each other, that the formations along their circumference at least partially have an undercut and that on a bottom of the lower support level a water-permeable cover is set, the penetration of a viscous adhesive material in the up prevents protruding formations. The spaced apart formations allow efficient absorption and removal of shear stresses or comparable horizontal mechanical stresses acting in a plane of the compensation element. By the at least partially along the circumference of the formations arranged undercuts, a high-strength connection or clawing of the formations and thus of the Compensating be ensured with an applied on an upper surface of the compensation element adhesive mortar or with an equally suitable adhesive or fastening means. The undercuts cause a positive fixing.

It has been found that a particularly advantageous fixing of the adhesive mortar or thermosetting adhesive applied on the top side can be promoted by arranging undercuts along a curved region of a side wall of the upwardly projecting formations, at least at some formations. The curved region of the side wall can have either a convex or a concave profile. The undercut in this area can for its part have a straight course of a side edge of the undercut, so that the area of the undercut projecting from the side wall changes along the course of the side wall. It is also possible for the undercut along the course of the side edge to have a constant projection directed outwards or inwards from the formation, so that a side edge of the undercut parallel to the side wall follows the course of the side wall.

A particularly advantageous embodiment of the inventive idea as a result is provided that a plurality of first undercuts are aligned in a first direction and that a plurality of second undercuts are aligned in a second direction, wherein the first direction from the second direction is different. When each upwardly projecting formation has an undercut circumferentially formed along a sidewall only in part, the direction in which the undercut protrudes laterally predominantly from the respective region of the sidewall of the formation can change from each formation to the adjacent formation. For example, in a plan view of an upper surface of the decoupling mat, the undercuts may protrude to a right and left first formation while the undercuts project upwardly and downwardly at a second formation located adjacent to the first formation. Due to the changing direction of the undercuts it can be ensured that in each spatial direction there is a mechanically highly loadable connection between the decoupling mat and an adhesive mortar layer or adhesive material layer applied thereon. Any shearing stresses that occur can be easily compensated in all directions, so that, for example, shrinkages occurring on the sidewalls of the formations with undercuts as well as on sidewalls of the formations without undercuts can be removed during the curing of an adhesive mortar. At the same time, the structured compensation element can be removed from the mold very easily in the course of production, since the orientation of adjacent undercuts changes and the spacing of rectified or opposite undercuts can be selected to be sufficiently large.

The upwardly projecting formations, on the underside with a water-permeable cover be covered, form cavities and air chambers in which moisture can collect from the ground.

The water-permeable cover may have a perforation. In this case, the cover may be, for example, a cost-producible film of a suitable plastic material, which is fixed on the underside of the compensation element cohesively or with a suitable adhesive. The number and dimensions of the individual perforation openings can influence the properties which are relevant for the water permeability. The individual perforation openings expediently have a sufficiently small diameter in order to prevent the penetration of a screed or adhesive mortar which has not yet set completely.

An advantageous embodiment of the inventive idea as a result is provided that the cover consists of a water-permeable textile fabric or scrim or a water-permeable non-woven. A textile material or a nonwoven material has a structuring which favors a clawing of the cover with an initially viscous and later fully cured adhesive mortar or screed material, thereby permitting a permanent and mechanically highly stressable fixing of the decoupling mat to the substrate.

The textile or non-woven cover may be made of an alkali-resistant material to maintain sufficient mechanical strength over a long period of time.

In order to enable in addition to the individual air chambers, which are each formed in the projecting formations, a contiguous large-scale ventilation and dehumidification of the substrate is provided that a plurality of adjacent formations are each connected by extending along the lower support plane ventilation channels with each other, not the ventilation channels extend to the upper support level. The ventilation channels can be made comparatively flat. The ventilation channels connect adjacent formations with one another, so that an exchange of air and, in particular, a moisture transport over several or over many formations away to the edge of the decoupling mat are made possible and favored. The ventilation ducts projecting only partially into the adhesive mortar bed to be applied above and reducing the cross-section contribute to the fact that shrinkage-induced stresses in the adhesive mortar or in the compensation element can be reduced by the formation of microcracks. There is a small-cell stress relief on the protruding formations and on the ventilation channels instead.

The ventilation channels as well as the protruding formations may have undercuts. It is not fundamentally necessary for the ventilation channels to make a major contribution to the mechanical decoupling or to the definition of the lining elements by undercuts or by a similarly suitable shaping. Since the ventilation channels as well as the protruding formations generate cavities and, where appropriate, in Run different directions between the formations and the ventilation ducts contribute advantageously to the reduction of stresses and shear forces between the floor or wall covering and the ground at.

In order to make the decoupling mat permeable to water or permeable to diffusion from the substrate to the covering elements, it is advantageously provided that the compensating element has recesses or slots in the lower supporting plane. These recesses or slots form passage openings through which moisture from the bottom to the top of the decoupling mat, or in the opposite direction can pass.

By a diffusion-open design of the decoupling mat can be made possible that the decoupling mat can be applied to a still moist and possibly not fully cured substrate without the moisture still contained in the ground and prevents the desired drying of the substrate or is excessively delayed. Consequently, the decoupling mat can be laid in a timely manner, ie faster than usual, after the production of the substrate and quickly covered or covered with covering elements, so that no time-consuming and costly waiting times between the individual production steps become necessary.

The diffusible property of the decoupling mat can be increased by the fact that the cover and the Compensation element each have recesses or slots, which are arranged overlapping at least partially. In the areas of overlap, the recesses or slots of the cover and the compensation element, which overlap in regions, form free passage openings which allow unimpeded moisture transport through these passage openings. It has been found that the dimensions of the overlapping areas can be given on the one hand sufficiently large for an efficient moisture permeability and on the other hand small enough for a low mechanical coupling, so that the decoupling properties of the decoupling mat can not be appreciably impaired or reduced and at the same time a very effective dehumidifying effect can be made possible ,

It is advantageously provided that each upwardly projecting formation has at least one recess in the region of the upper support plane. Thereby, a dehumidification of each air chamber, which is formed in the protruding formations, made possible to the covering elements.

The recesses in the region of the upper support plane can be produced in a simple manner quickly and cost-effectively by virtue of the fact that the upper support plane of the compensation element has a perforation. The perforation can be produced, for example, by a spiked roller, which is rolled over the upper support plane of the compensation element with a sufficiently high contact pressure. It is too possible to produce the individual recesses by punching, by drilling or slitting the upper support level.

It is also conceivable that the compensation element has dehumidification openings in the region of side walls of the upwardly projecting formations. These dehumidification openings can be produced for example by punching or slitting the compensation element and optionally before or after a definition of the cover on the underside of the compensation element. Due to the dehumidification openings in the side walls of the upwardly projecting formations, if the dehumidification openings are sufficiently large, mortar material which has not yet fully hardened can penetrate, which is applied to the upper side of the compensation element in order to be able to embed or glue the covering elements. In this case, the laterally penetrating mortar or adhesive material engages behind the top of the protruding formations, the edges of which in turn form undercuts and causes a positive fixing of the applied on the top of the compensation element Klebemörtels or adhesive material.

The dehumidification effect, if appropriate in conjunction with a perforation of the upper support plane or with recesses provided in this region, may be promoted by the dehumidification openings arranged in the region of the side walls.

In order to produce a sound-reducing effect in addition to the mechanical decoupling and the drainage effect is provided that on the compensation element Layer is arranged from a Kuffecksverbessernden material. The impact sound enhancing material may be a layer of bonded sand crosslinked with a binder. There are also known other impact sound reducing materials which are disposed on the compensating element and may be equally suitable.

The layer of a kink-reducing material may also be by a subsequently generated loose bed of a suitable free-flowing or granular material.

An additional mechanical fixing and fixing of the covering elements on the upper supporting plane of the compensation element can be effected by arranging a mesh fabric on the upper supporting plane. The mesh fabric may for example consist of a high-strength plastic or fiberglass material. The mesh size of the mesh fabric is suitably sufficiently large to allow passage of a not yet set and therefore still flowable adhesive mortar, which is applied to the top of the decoupling mat.

The individual projecting formations may have a convex or non-convex cross-sectional area, the cross-sectional area being aligned parallel to the lower or upper support plane. In a non-convex cross-sectional area, at least for a few pairs of points within the cross-sectional area, an area of a connecting line of the two points is outside of Cross sectional area. The formations may, for example, have a kidney-shaped cross-sectional area, a bone-shaped cross-sectional area or a rectangular cross-sectional area. In addition, formations with different cross-sectional areas can be combined with one another on a compensation element.

It is likewise conceivable that, in order to avoid linearly extending weakening lines, adjacently arranged projecting formations are arranged laterally offset relative to one another. In this way it can be avoided that the compensation element has rectilinear and parallel, or at right angles to the side edges of the compensation element extending lines of weakness, which coincide optionally with joints between the covering elements arranged above and on which at a mechanical stress preferably damages or breaks in the wall or flooring arrangement may occur.

For this purpose, the compensation element may have exclusively such weakening lines which extend from one side edge to another side edge of the compensation element and have a plurality of weakening line sections aligned at an angle to one another. Each gap between adjacent formations represents a weakening line section and is part of a line of weakness, so that extending straight across the compensation element lines of weakness between the spaced apart formations are excluded.

• Fig. 1 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer schematischen Darstellung einer Entkopplungsmatte mit einem bahnförmigen Kompensationselement mit quadratischen vorspringenden Ausformungen und Belüftungskanälen, welche die Ausformungen miteinander verbinden,
• Fig. 2 eine Schnittansicht der in Fig. 1 gezeigten Entkopplungsmatte längs der Linie II - II, wobei auf einer Oberseite des Kompensationselements eine trittschallreduzierende Schicht sowie an einer oberen Auflageebene eine Gittermatte angeordnet sind,
• Fig. 3 eine perspektivische Ansicht einer Entkopplungsmatte mit abweichend ausgestalteten konvexen Ausformungen, die relativ zueinander versetzt angeordnet sind,
• Fig. 4 eine Ansicht einer Oberseite einer Entkopplungsmatte ähnlich zu Fig. 1, wobei die Hinterschneidungen an gekrümmten Seitenwandbereichen der Ausformungen ausgebildet sind und die Hinterschneidungen von benachbarten Ausformungen in unterschiedliche Richtungen vorspringen, und
• Fig. 5 eine Schnittansicht der in Fig. 4 gezeigten Entkopplungsmatte längs der Linie V-V in Fig. 4.

Hereinafter, embodiments will be discussed in more detail, which are shown in the drawing. It shows:

• Fig. 1 3 is a perspective view of a schematic illustration of a decoupling mat with a web-shaped compensating element with square protruding formations and ventilation channels, which connect the formations to one another,
• Fig. 2 a sectional view of in Fig. 1 shown decoupling mat along the line II - II, wherein on an upper side of the compensation element an impact sound-reducing layer and at an upper support level a grid mat are arranged,
• Fig. 3 3 is a perspective view of a decoupling mat with differently configured convex formations, which are arranged offset relative to one another,
• Fig. 4 a view of a top of a decoupling mat similar to Fig. 1 wherein the undercuts are formed on curved side wall portions of the formations and the undercuts project from adjacent formations in different directions, and
• Fig. 5 a sectional view of in Fig. 4 shown decoupling mat along the line VV in Fig. 4 ,

The in the FIGS. 1 and 2 illustrated decoupling mat 1 has a web-shaped ausgestaltetes compensation element. 2 on. Starting from a lower support level 3, upwardly projecting formations 4 with a square cross-sectional area are formed on the compensation element 2. Upstream aligned 5 tops of the protruding formations 4 form an upper support level 6. Between the individual protruding formations 4 run ventilation ducts 7, which connect the adjacent formations 4 together. The ventilation channels 7 extend along the lower support level 3 and extend in the direction perpendicular to the lower support level 3 not up to the upper support level 6, but only in a maximum height of about one-third to half the height of the protruding formations. 4

The projecting formations 4 have sections along a circumferential line undercuts 8, which are arranged in the region of the upper support level 6. An applied from above on the decoupling mat 1 adhesive mortar 9, the only in Fig. 2 is shown, can penetrate into intermediate spaces 10 between the spaced-apart protruding formations 4 and engage behind the undercuts 8, so that there is a positive connection of the adhesive mortar 9 with the compensation element 2.

In the tops 5 of the protruding formations 4, a number of recesses 11 are formed in each case. The recesses 11 were subsequently introduced into the compensation element 2 with the aid of a spiked roller. The dimensions of the individual recesses 11 are on the one hand sufficiently small to prevent penetration of the top applied adhesive mortar 9 in interior spaces 12 of the formations 4 to prevent. The dimensions of the recesses 11 are at the same time dimensioned large enough to make the top 5 and the upper support level 6 of the compensation element 2 sufficiently moisture permeable, so that any existing or emerging moisture gradient between below the lower support level 3 and above the upper Support level 5 can be compensated in a short time.

On an underside 12 of the lower support level 3, a Verkrallungsvlies 13 is fixed to the compensation element 2. The Verkrallungsvlies 13 is pressed immediately after the preparation of the existing plastic compensation element 2 in the still soft and sticky plastic material and thereby high-strength connected to the compensation element 2.

Immediately above the upper support level 5, a mesh fabric 14 is fixed to the tops 5 of the protruding formations 4. This mesh fabric 14 made of a suitable fiber material serves as well as the undercuts 8 of the definition and connection of the top applied and initially pasty Klebemörtels 9, which encloses the mesh fabric 14 sections and then cured.

On the compensation element 2, a layer 15 is arranged made of a material for improving the impact sound, which is mainly located between the individual projecting formations 4. As impact sound improving Material can be used bound to a bound binder sand. It could also be a suitable foam material or a flowable granular material used to reduce sound transmission and noise generation.

The decoupling mat 1 is in FIG. 2 shown together with the surrounding flooring structure. The decoupling mat 1 can be laid directly on a substrate 16 or glued to the substrate 16. In the adhesive mortar 9, which is applied from above onto the decoupling mat 1, floor tiles 17 are embedded from a ceramic material or stoneware.

The decoupling mat 1 can also be used to attach a wall panel to a wall.

In Fig. 3 merely a variant of a decoupling mat 18 is illustrated by way of example. A compensation element 19 used in this decoupling mat 18 has kidney-shaped protruding formations 20 which have a non-convex cross-sectional area. The upper side 5 of the kidney-shaped protruding formations 20 is not perforated and has no openings. The undercuts 8 are only at some end portions 21 of the protruding formations 20th

Passage openings 22 are formed in the lower support plane 3 of the compensation element 19 between the projecting formations 20. The passage openings 22 are in the exemplary Embodiment according to Fig. 3 shown as circular holes or punches. However, the passage openings 22 may also be formed as strip-shaped slots or milling in the lower support level 3.

In the in the 4 and 5 illustrated decoupling mat 23 are arranged on the compensation element 2 formations 24 with a nearly square cross-sectional area at regular intervals from each other and connected to each other through the ventilation ducts 7. The formations 24 each have two mutually opposite and straight side wall portions 25 and two opposite, curved or concave side wall portions 26. Each formed on the concave side wall portions 26 undercuts 8 protrude in adjacent formations 24 each in different directions laterally beyond the concave side wall portions 26. The orientation of the undercuts 8 changes in each case with adjacently arranged formations 24.

At the bottom 12 of the lower support level 3 of the compensation element 2, the Verkrallungsvlies 13 is attached. The compensation element 2 has passage openings 22 formed between the formations 24 in each case in the lower support plane 3.

Claims (17)

Decoupling mat (1, 18, 23) for a surface covering structure which can be covered with covering elements, with a web-shaped or plate-shaped compensating element (2, 19) which has upwardly projecting formations (4, 20, 24) starting from a lower supporting plane (3), at a distance from the lower support plane (3) form an upper support plane (6), characterized in that the formations (4, 20, 24) are arranged spaced from each other, that the formations (4, 20, 24) along its circumference at least partially have an undercut (8) and that on a bottom (12) of the lower support level (3) a water-permeable cover is set, which prevents penetration of a viscous adhesive material in the upwardly projecting protrusions (4, 20, 24). Decoupling mat (23) according to claim 1, characterized in that at least at some formations (4, 20, 24) undercuts (8) along a curved portion of a side wall (26) of the upwardly projecting formations (24) are arranged. Decoupling mat (23) according to claim 1 or claim 2, characterized in that a plurality of first undercuts (8) aligned in a first direction and that a plurality of second undercuts (8) are aligned in a second direction. Decoupling mat (1, 18, 23) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover has a perforation. Decoupling mat (1, 18, 23) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the cover consists of a water-permeable textile fabric or scrim or of a water-permeable nonwoven fabric (13). Decoupling mat (1, 18, 23) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a plurality of adjacent formations (4, 20, 24) are connected to one another by ventilation ducts (7) projecting from the lower supporting plane (3), the ventilation ducts being connected to one another (7) do not extend to the upper support level (6). Decoupling mat (18, 23) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compensation element (19, 2) recesses (22) or slots in the lower support plane (3). Decoupling mat (18, 23) according to claim 7, characterized in that the cover and the compensation element (19, 2) each have recesses (22) or slots which are arranged overlapping at least partially. Decoupling mat (1) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compensation element (2) has a number of recesses (11) in the region of the upper supporting plane (6). Decoupling mat (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that each upwardly projecting formation (4) has at least one recess (11) in the region of the upper support plane (6). Decoupling mat (1) according to claim 9, characterized in that the upper support plane (6) of the compensation element (2) has a perforation. Decoupling mat (1, 18, 23) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the compensation element (2, 19) has dehumidification openings in the region of side walls of the upwardly projecting formations (4, 20, 24). Decoupling mat (1, 18, 23) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the compensation element (2, 19), a layer (15) is arranged made of a material improving the impact sound. Decoupling mat (1, 18, 23) according to claim 13, characterized in that on the compensating element (2, 19) a layer (15) of a bonded sand bound with a binder is arranged. Decoupling mat (1, 18, 23) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that on the upper support level (6) a mesh fabric (14) is arranged. Decoupling mat (18) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that to avoid straight line of weakness extending lines adjacent protruding formations (20) are arranged laterally offset from one another. Decoupling mat (18) according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the projecting formations (20) have a non-convex cross-sectional area parallel to the lower support plane (3).

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