EP2771615A1

EP2771615A1 - Incineration grate consisting of grate bars and method for fitting grate bars in and removing same from an incineration grate

Info

Publication number: EP2771615A1
Application number: EP12783908.2A
Authority: EP
Inventors: Konstantin PENSKI
Original assignee: Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
Current assignee: Dieffenbacher GmbH Maschinen und Anlagenbau
Priority date: 2011-10-24
Filing date: 2012-10-16
Publication date: 2014-09-03
Anticipated expiration: 2032-10-16
Also published as: US20140283718A1; US9951947B2; EP2771615B1; LT2771615T; CA2850687A1; SI2771615T1; RU2602709C2; PL2771615T3; DE102011085137A1; WO2013060605A1; RU2014121033A; HRP20170849T1

Abstract

The invention relates to an incineration grate formed from a multiplicity of grate bars and to a method for fitting grate bars in and removing same from an incineration grate. An incineration grate consists in this case of a plurality of steps comprising a multiplicity of first and second grate bars (A, B) which are arranged in rows alongside one another and in rows one above another and form step-like combustion surfaces (17) with their upper supporting surfaces (2). The invention consists in that the first grate bars (A) form over their width (b), at least once in the region of the supporting surface (2), a smaller supporting surface (2) for the fuel (14) than the second grate bars (B) by way of a shoulder (7) towards the inside in the direction of the longitudinal centre plane (10), and the second grate bars (B) have, in the region of the supporting surface (2), a supporting surface (2) with a greater width (b') in order to form an overlap (9) with the first grate bars (A) by way of a shoulder (8) towards the outside over their width (b). In addition, the second grate bars (B) have at least one pin (5) that enlarges the width (b') additionally to a width (b"), said pin (5) being introducible into a corresponding pocket (6) in the first grate bars (A).

Description

Combustion grate consisting of grate bars and method for assembly and disassembly of grate bars in and out of a combustion grate

The invention relates to combustion grate consisting of grate bars according to the preamble of claim 1 and a method for assembly and disassembly of grate bars in and out of a combustion grate according to the preamble of claim. 9

As part of the production of chip, plastic or insulating panels and / or mats are usually thermal in large-scale systems

Energy generation systems are offered, on the one hand burn waste from the production and / or polluted exhaust air from the production process in order to gain the necessary thermal energy that require individual process sections during the production of the above products. Usually this is heated thermal oil or steam generated. In particular, in the production of particleboard or in the debarking of tree trunks in the course of MDF production, a large amount does not arise directly

usable materials or waste, which are usually sent for thermal utilization. These are, for example, bark, starting materials, faulty fillings, scrap material, inferior fuels, waste wood, grinding dust or the like. The power generation systems usually see this one

air-cooled combustion grate (feed grate) in a combustion chamber before, the material to be burned usually via a staircase

Promotes combustion surface. The combustion surface consists here of the width next to each other and in the length stepwise with each other

arranged grate bars. The fuel is given up on a staircase forming combustion grate and carried down the combustion surface through periodically moving staircase steps. The combustion surface is supplied from below with primary air for cooling the grate bars and for supplying the combustion chamber with oxygen. The primary air enters between the grate bars through into the combustion chamber. At the end of the staircase-shaped combustion surface, the burned-out fuel is thrown off as ash and discharged via a wet ash pan. At combustion of fuel there are high

Temperatures, preferably up to just 1 .000 ° C, making it more heat-resistant

Stainless steel casting for the grate bars is used. Nevertheless, these grate bars are subject to tribological wear due to thermal and mechanical stress and must occasionally be replaced. The necessary for the formation of a combustion grate grate bars usually have geometric features, on the one hand

subject to functional as well as manufacturing necessities. In order to make uniform statements in the following statements, the following assumptions are made with regard to the geometry and the arrangement of the grate bar within a combustion chamber to form a

Burning surface held on a combustion grate:

A grate bar has substantially an upper to the combustion chamber

aligned side, a lower on at least one (possibly movable) support aligned side. In their width, a plurality of juxtaposed grate bars form a step, wherein the longitudinal extent of the grate bars in the conveying direction of the fuel and the possibly. Movable support is arranged. The surface of a grate bar, which essentially connects the upwardly directed focal surfaces of two grate bars, is defined here as a thrust or connecting surface, since usually every second

Stair step of the combustion grate is designed to be movable and thus causes a promotion and mixing of the fuel during combustion.

Thus, the grate bars in their width and their length form the

Combustion area and in their height the steps of a

Combustion grates respectively the distance between the

Combustion surfaces of two steps. To summarize the geometry of a grate bar, the upper side of the grate bar is the

Support surface for the fuel, the rear side the side with a support for a stationary or movable grate bar, the front side of the usually slightly rounded connecting surface from the top

Support surface to the lower side of the grate bar, wherein the lower side of the grate bar is irradiated with the cooling primary air. The front side, or the connecting surface, can be configured in many geometries. The necessary overlap between the grate bars should be

Falling of too much ash and fuel between the grate bars prevent and is usually by a bridge on a grate bar and an overlying part of the support surface of an adjacent

Roststabes realized. Within the overlap, respectively, the groove formed by the overlap spacing surfaces are arranged, which provide the necessary distance vertically as well as horizontally for the ventilation of the fuel with primary air. The longitudinal center plane is arranged from top to bottom and in the longitudinal direction from front to back. From known embodiments of such combustion grates, it is known to overlap the combustion-side surfaces of the grate bars to the adjacent grate bar in order to obtain a positive connection. However, this also has the disadvantage that when replacing a grate bar in a row (step) almost all grate bars must be removed until the damaged grate bar is reached to replace it. Due to the asymmetrical design and force in the grate bar this is exposed in the proposed embodiment but also increased wear. Is due to an asymmetric design of the grate bar In the longitudinal direction (along the steps), the grate bars in the longitudinal direction (along the steps) do not stand out in front of one another in the course of the pushing work and

Fuel between the grate bars or even in the area of

Primary air supply passes. Here, too, it comes to increased wear, local overheating problems in the combustion grate and other difficulties that could even trigger an emergency shutdown of the combustion chamber. This circumstance is usually remedied by the fact that several grate bars are combined by means of threaded rods to form a package. Due to the high weight of several grate bars lifting is indeed avoided, but the precautionary labor and manufacturing costs in terms of the introduction of suitable holes (undercuts) in the

Mold and assembly of threaded rods is significant. Also, several connected grate bars are very difficult to handle and load fitters beyond all measure. To make matters worse, that at one

Replacing a grate bar, the entire grate bar battery removed, dismantled and fitted with the new replacement parts must be reinstalled. In general, the further addition of manpower or mechanical aids (lifting equipment, cranes) is indispensable. Again, it is possible that for the replacement of a single grate bar a complete row of grate bars must be removed to a defective

To be able to exchange the grate bar. The object of the invention is now to provide a combustion grate consisting of a variety of grate bars, which allows easy replacement of individual grate bars and at the same time ensures the highest level of operational safety. Next, a possible geometrically simple system of easily demountable grate bars without undercuts should be ensured to optimize the cost of the grate bars and thus the combustion grate. Finally, a method for assembling and disassembling individual grate bars in a combustion grate with the grate bars according to the invention is to be created.

The solution to the problem of creating a combustion grate consists of the features of independent claim 1.

The solution for a method for assembly and disassembly consists in the characterizing features of claim 9:

Method for assembling and disassembling grate bars in and out of a grate with a plurality of grate bars arranged in rows

are arranged side by side and in rows with each other and form with their upper bearing surfaces stepped combustion surfaces,

wherein a step-shaped focal surface is formed across the width of the combustion grate of a plurality of first and second grate bars A, B, which are mounted on a side with a support on a grate bar,

wherein the first grate bars A over their width b at least once in the area the support surface by means of a gradation inward in the direction of

Langsmittenebene form a smaller contact surface for the fuel than the second grate bars B and wherein the second grate bars B in the region of the support surface to form an overlap with the first grate bars A by means of a gradation over its width b to the outside a support surface of greater width b ', wherein adjacent and / or adjacent to the connecting surfaces, the second grate bars B have at least one width b 'in addition to a width b "magnifying pin which is insertable into a corresponding pocket of the first grate bars A, wherein for disassembly a second grate bar B on the side of the support of the

Rost rod is lifted so far that it can be moved along the longitudinal center plane to remove the pin from the pocket of the adjacent grate bars A, wherein the reverse order is applied for mounting the second grate bar B.

Advantageously, now the grate bars, which preferably and consist essentially of at least two different geometries, form-fitting manner in such a way nested that they do not tend in normal operation to stand out from the underlying level of grate bars. In particular, this should not happen in overrun when each or every x-th row of grate bars during the combustion process

is shifted to optimize the combustion of the fuel. It is intended to additional components such as screws, nuts, bolts,

Threaded rods or the like can be dispensed with, on the one hand to save material and assembly costs, on the other hand to significantly accelerate the assembly and disassembly of the grate bars and simplify. Since the grate bars are usually made of expensive stainless steel casting, the grate bars should have no undercuts and be demoulded in two directions. As a result, the casting tool is also greatly simplified and the manufacturing cost of the grate bars lowered. The grate bars are constructed such that in the installed state, a first grate bar A by two (left and right) adjacently arranged grate bars B a second and diverging from the first grate bar A.

Geometry is kept. This is made possible by the fact that preferably both variants of the grate bars have substantially the same width b, but the first grate bar A by a gradation of the support surface for the

Fuel inside it allows the second grate bar B of substantially equal width b with a correspondingly opposite gradation (and a concomitant broadening of the bearing surface for the fuel) to restrict the first grate bar in its freedom of movement upwards in the direction of the combustion chamber by the resulting overlap. In their longitudinal extension, all grate bars are essentially fixed by a grate bar and a suitable support to the grate bars. Thus, the first grate bar A is positively held in this system of two grate bars and can not move during operation.

The second grate bars B would be able to move away from their position upwards relatively easily during operation, if they would not additionally have an engaging in the adjacent first grate bars A pin or a nose. Preferably, this pin is arranged opposite to the support for the grate bar, in particular preferably in the region of the connecting surface of two bearing surfaces of different grate planes respectively different grate bars. By the arrangement of the pin and preferably corresponding thereto pockets in the adjacent

Grate bars to prevent the second grate bars B can stand out with the wide bearing surfaces for the fuel upwards. You would have to use the pins in addition to the neighboring and

lift off positively with connected grate bars. The opposite sides of the grate bars, which have the support and are positively connected to the grate bar, are held by the weight of the overlying grate bars the next higher level / level.

It will be appreciated that the pocket or pin may have other possible geometries, but must be arranged so that the grate bar aligns with the outside (substantially parallel to the width of the gripper bar)

Combustion grate) projecting pin can not be moved upwards. This should be the bag or the engagement of the pin in the adjacent

Grate bar have no direct opening upwards in the direction of the fuel. To assemble or disassemble the different grate bars but it is necessary that the bag, respectively the possibility of engagement of the pin of the grate bar B in the grate bar A, an opening or a

Freedom of movement to the front trains or allows.

This is due to the fact that for disassembly of the grate bars any second grate bar B can be lifted unilaterally at its support (rear) of the grate bar or the thrust bearing, while the other side (front) remains with the pin in engagement with the corresponding pocket , The pin thus essentially assumes the function of a rotary joint. If the rear part of the grate bar (the support) is no longer in engagement with the grate bar, the grate bar can be moved forward. In this case, the pin slides out of the pocket and the grate bar can be removed. Finally, the adjacent grate bars only have to be moved across the width in order to push them out of the area of the overlap (bar / support surface) and these can then also be removed. Thus, it is possible in a simple manner to remove any grate bar from the combustion grate, without cumbersome to lift several connected grate bars or dismantle a whole series grate bars. It is understandable that the top row Grate bars, which rest with their front ends (connecting surfaces) on the grate bars, must be lifted before removing a grate bar. This can easily be done with wedges or other lifting equipment.

In summary, it should be noted that the grate bars A and B in

Should be substantially symmetrical. In this case, the grate bar A in the front lower area (right and left) on a recess (pocket). In return, the grate bar B has a pin (nose) in the lower front area (right and left). Due to the fact that the grate bars in the upper

Have area gradations, the grate bar A inside and the grate bar B to the outside, arise during assembly of the grate bars to a

Grate bar series a positive connection without additional components. This ensures that a single grate bar can never lift off during operation. The fact that the pocket or the nose is located directly in the vicinity of the parting plane of the casting, there is thus no undercut. The demolding of the mold can be done in two

Directions take place and the tool cost thus remain low. Extrusive slides can be dispensed with in such an embodiment. For dismantling a single grate bar (during maintenance or service)

Spare part work), only the grate bar B in the rear area must be briefly raised (about 7 °). Subsequently, the grate bar unhindered forward, in the direction of the connection surface, are pushed out. Further advantageous measures and embodiments of the subject matter of the invention will become apparent from the dependent claims and the following description of a preferred embodiment with the drawing. It should be emphasized that the features listed below are to be understood not only as combination but also as individual features within the meaning of the invention.

Show it:

1 shows in two schematic side views in each case a partial section of a stepped combustion grate with stepwise arranged grate bars, wherein the alternating rows of grate bars are connected to a fixed bearing and a movable thrust bearing,

Figure 2 in a three-dimensional view of a first grate bar A with respect to its normal width b smaller width of his

Support surface for the fuel and the formation of a

Bridge and two pockets,

Figure 3 in a three-dimensional juxtaposition of a second

Grating bar B with a relation to its normal width b larger width of its bearing surface for the fuel to overlap with a first grate bar A,

FIG. 4 shows the grate bar A according to FIG. 2 in several sectional views

5 shows in several sectional views the grate bar B according to FIG. 3, FIG. Figure 6 shows the method for disassembling a second grate bar B from a fully assembled row of grate bars and

7 shows a 3D view of the at least four necessary grate bars A, B, A 'and B' for producing a complete combustion grate.

According to Figure 1, a combustion grate 1 1 consists of several stages of a plurality of grate bars 1, which are arranged in rows next to each other and in rows with each other and with their upper bearing surfaces. 2

Forming fuel surfaces 17 for the fuel 14. A grate bar 1 has a rear end with a support 15 for positive connection with a grate bar 16 and a front end with a connecting surface 3 between the upper support surface 2 and the lower contact surface of the grate bar 1 with the grate bar 1 of the next lower level. These

stepped combustion surfaces 17 are over the width of the

Combustion grates 1 1 of first and second grate bars A, B, preferably formed in alternating sequence, wherein at the respective end of the focal surface 17 special grate bars A7B '(Figure 7) can be arranged. The

Connecting surface 3 may be embodied in a variety of geometries, but should essentially the bearing surface 2 of a grate bar A, B with the support surface 2 of another grate bar A, B such a positive fit

connect, that during the moving the fuel 14 may fall on the one step further down grate bars 1. In higher combustion grates 1 1 every other stage is usually by means of a Fixed bearing 12 and each staggered second stage designed to move a step of the combustion grate by means of a thrust bearing 13. Figure 2 now shows a first grate bar A with a smaller contact surface for the fuel 14 than the grate bar B of Figure 3. In the rear area, both grate bars A, B a support 15 for positive connection with the grate bar 16 and in the front area is the Support surface 2 in a connection surface 3 via, which ends on the lower side of the grate bar A, B substantially in contact with the support surface 2 of the next grate bar A or B. The transition between the support surface 2 and the connection surface 3 is usually fluent and dependent on the fuel to be burned 14. If the two grate bars A, B are now arranged side by side on a grate bar 16, it follows that an overlap 9 through the below the support surface 2 of the second

Roststabes B arranged web 4 of the first grate bar A is formed. Thus, with a simultaneous positive position of the support 15 on a

Grate bar 16 it is no longer possible for a grate bar A lying between two grate bars B to form an overlap 9, to be lifted upwards. The spacers 19 of the two grate bars A and B but provide in vertical and horizontal alignment to the necessary spacing of the grate bars A, B in order to be able to supply sufficient primary air for cooling the grate bars and the firing of the fuel. According to FIGS. 4 and 5, the first grate bars A have, over their width b, at least once in the region of the support surface 2 a step 7 inwards to form a smaller support surface 2 for the fuel 14 than the second grate bars B, the second grate bars B in FIG Area of the support surface 2 for forming an overlap 9 with the first grate bars A by means of a gradation 8 to the outside a support surface 2 of greater width b 'have. To further obtain a positive connection for fixing the grate bars B in the installed state, the grate bars B adjacent and / or adjacent to the connecting surfaces 3 at least one width b 'in addition to a width b "magnifying pin 5, preferably on both sides, the in a corresponding pocket 6 of the adjacent first grate bars A. Accordingly, the second grate bar B can no longer be positively lifted by the pins 5 fixed in the pockets 6 without also lifting the adjacent grate bars A. It is preferably provided that the cross section of the

Grate bars A, B is substantially similar or equal outside the areas of the gradations. Preferably, the grate bars A, B in

Substantially the same width b have, so that in the

Design of the gradations result in substantially the same dimensions.

In particular, it is preferably provided that each support surface 2, the gradations 7, 8, the overlaps 9 of the grate bars A, B, the webs 4, the pockets 6 and / or the pins 5 symmetrical to the top to bottom and in the longitudinal direction of the grate bars A , B extending longitudinal center plane 10 are formed. Preferably, the pocket 6 should be spaced from the

Support surface 2 may be arranged.

In particular, it is advantageous if the pockets 6 and / or the pins 5 are arranged adjacent to the demoulding plane 18 or from it

get cut. The demolding 18 is shown by dashed lines and indicates the level from which the grate bar 1 can be demoulded from two sides after pouring. This is especially beneficial to unnecessary

Undercuts, as previously customary in the prior art, to avoid. It is understandable that the pockets 6 and / or the pins 5 can not be arranged arbitrarily far above in the direction of the support surface 2, otherwise no positive connection can be realized, which can prevent the unintentional lifting of the grate bars 1 from the underlying grate bars ,

Preferably, the first grate bars A in the region of the support surface 2 for overlapping 9 with the second grate bars B should have a web 4, which is arranged below the gradation 8. FIG. 6 now shows the sequence of a method for dismantling a grate bar B from a positive connection between two grate bars A. In this case, the grate bar B is raised at its rear support upwards and rotates about the auxiliary bearing consisting of the pins 5 of the grate bar B and the associated pockets 6 of the adjacent grate bars A. After sufficiently raising the rear side of the grate bar B, the support 15 of the grate bar B is no longer engaged with the grate bar 16, so that the grate bar B can be moved forward and the pins 5 of

Rust bar B leave the pockets 6 of the adjacent grate bars A. Now the grate bar B can be removed without problems. Order now

to remove adjacent grate bar A, this one just has something in

Direction of the now vacant gap of the already removed grate bar are pushed to dissolve the positive overlap 9 with the other grate bar B. The insertion and mounting of the grate bars A, B takes place essentially analogously and in the reverse order.

In Figure 7 is now for the sake of completeness, an entire set

necessary grate bars for optimal production of a combustion grate shown. Depending on the requirements, it may be sufficient to arrange all grate bars in the same alignment. However, it may also be desirable to arrange them staggered in relation to each other. In this context, it may therefore be useful to produce grate bars A ', B' for the edge area. Alternatively, the outer walls and the burn surfaces 17 could be configured to define geometric edges and / or edges

Simulate surfaces to achieve a positive connection of the grate bars A, B with the walls. List of Reference Numerals: P1

1 . grate bar

2nd bearing surfaces

3. interface

4th bridge

5th pin

6. bag

7th grading inside

8. gradation outside

9. Overlap

10. longitudinal center plane

1 1. combustion grate

12. Fixed storage

13. thrust bearing

14. Fuel

15. supports

16. Rust bar

17. Burning surface

18. demoulding level

19. Spacer

20. Primary air

A B first and second grate bar b normal width without gradations b 'gradation to the outside

b "width of the nose / pin 5

Claims

claims

Combustion grate consisting of a plurality of stages, comprising a plurality of grate bars (1), which are arranged in rows next to each other and in rows with each other and with their upper

Support surfaces (2) form step-shaped focal surfaces (17), wherein a step-shaped focal surface (17) over the width of the

Combustion grate (1 1) of several first and second

Grate bars (A, B) is formed,

wherein on the grate bars (1) connecting surfaces (3) for compensating the difference in height between two adjacent focal surfaces (17) of the grate bars (1) are arranged,

wherein the first grate bars (A) over their width (b) at least once in the region of the support surface (2) by means of a step (7) inwardly in the direction of the longitudinal median plane (10) form a smaller support surface (2) for the fuel (14) as the second grate bars (B) and wherein the second grate bars (B) in the region of the support surface (2) for forming an overlap (9) with the first grate bars (A) by means of a step (8) over its width (b) to the outside have a bearing surface (2) of greater width (b '),

wherein adjacent and / or adjacent to the connecting surfaces (3), the second grate bars (B) at least one of the width (b ') in addition to a width (b ") enlarging pin (5) which in a corresponding pocket (6) of the first grate bars (A) is insertable.

2. combustion grate according to claim 1, d a d u r c h

characterized in that the cross-section of the grate bars (A, B) outside the areas of the gradations is substantially equal and preferably consists of a T-profile.

3. combustion grate according to claims 1 or 2, characterized

in that the grate bars (A, B) have substantially the same width (b).

4. combustion grate according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the

Support surfaces (2), the gradations (7, 8), the overlaps (9) of the grate bars (A, B), the webs (4), the pockets (6) and / or the pins (5) symmetrical to the top to below and in the longitudinal direction of the grate bars (A, B) extending longitudinal median plane (10) are formed.

5. combustion grate according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pocket (6) spaced from the support surface (2) is arranged.

6. combustion grate according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the pocket (6) and / or the pin (5) adjacent to or adjacent to

Entformungsebene (18) or the connecting surface (3) are arranged or cut by her.

7. combustion grate according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that the first grate bars (A) in the region of the support surface (2) for overlapping (9) with the second grate bars (B) have a web (4) below the Gradation (8) is arranged.

8. combustion grate according to one or more of the preceding claims, characterized in that at the adjacent contact surfaces between the grate bars (A, B)

Spacers (19) are arranged.

9. A method for assembly and disassembly of grate bars in and out of a combustion grate with a plurality of grate bars (1) which are arranged in rows next to each other and in rows with each other and form with their upper bearing surfaces (2) step-shaped combustion surfaces (17),

wherein a step - shaped focal surface (17) across the width of the Combustion grate (1 1) of several first and second

Grating bars (A, B) is formed, which are mounted on one side with a support (15) on a grate bar (16),

wherein the first grate bars (A) over their width (b) at least once in the region of the support surface (2) by means of a step (7) inwardly in the direction of the longitudinal median plane (10) form a smaller support surface (2) for the fuel (14) as the second grate bars (B) and wherein the second grate bars (B) in the region of the support surface (2) for forming an overlap (9) with the first grate bars (A) by means of a step (8) over its width (b) to the outside a

Bearing surface (2) of greater width (b ') have,

wherein adjacent and / or adjacent to the connecting surfaces (3), the second grate bars (B) at least one of the width (b ') in addition to a width (b ") enlarging pin (5) in a corresponding pocket (6) of the first grate bars (A) is insertable, wherein for disassembly, a second grate bar (B) on the side of the support (15) of the grate bar (16) is lifted so far that this along the longitudinal center plane (10) can be moved to the pin (5) to be removed from the pocket (6) of the adjacent grate bars (A) using the reverse order for mounting the second grate bar (B).