EP2765581B1 - Elektrisches Kabel, das resistent gegen Teilentladungen ist - Google Patents

Elektrisches Kabel, das resistent gegen Teilentladungen ist Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2765581B1
EP2765581B1 EP14154578.0A EP14154578A EP2765581B1 EP 2765581 B1 EP2765581 B1 EP 2765581B1 EP 14154578 A EP14154578 A EP 14154578A EP 2765581 B1 EP2765581 B1 EP 2765581B1
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European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
electrical cable
fluorinated
electrically insulating
polymeric
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2765581A1 (de
Inventor
Hakim Janah
Thiery Daumand
Virak Phul
Patrick Rybski
Pascal Clouet
Wilfried Lecluse
Rui Manuel Da Silva
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Nexans SA
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Nexans SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/443—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds
    • H01B3/445—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds from vinylfluorides or other fluoroethylenic compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
    • H01B7/292—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to heat

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric cable, and applies typically but not exclusively to electric cables used in aeronautics, for example on board aircraft.
  • This type of electric cable must satisfy many criteria necessary for its use in aeronautics, in particular when it is subjected to high voltages, of the order of 230 V in alternating current, or of the order of ⁇ 270 V direct current, and when located in non-pressurized areas.
  • partial discharges which are tiny electric arcs in the electrically insulating material of the cable, cause over time a degradation of the electrically insulating material which can lead to its breakage.
  • wiring wires these wires comprising a conductive element surrounded by a first layer of polyimide 0.017 to 0.065 mm thick, itself surrounded by a layer polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE with a thickness of 0.1 to 0.22 mm for nominal conductor sections ranging from 0.15 to 120 mm 2 .
  • the voltage applied is of the order of 115 V.
  • the document EP 1 498 909 relates to a multilayer insulation having the function of insulating and/or protecting electrically conductive materials, such as cables for aeronautics.
  • This insulation successively comprises, around the electrical element to be protected, a first layer of polyimide (PI), a second layer of perfluoro(alkylvinylether)/tetrafluoroethylene (PFA) copolymer, and optionally a outer layer of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • the thickness of the PI layer ranges from 8 to 150 ⁇ m and the thickness of PTFE ranges from 1 to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the resistance to partial discharges of an electrical cable surrounded by this multilayer insulation is also not optimized for high voltages, such as of the order of 230 V in alternating current, or of the order of ⁇ 270 V in direct current.
  • an electric cable for alternating current having high voltages comprising at least one central conductive core and at least one outer sheath made of an insulating material, and comprising a single primary layer of a semiconductor material, in particular being based on a fluorinated thermoplastic polymer mixed with carbon black, interposed coaxially between the conductive core and the outer sheath made of insulating material.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the techniques of the prior art by proposing an electric cable resistant to partial discharges, in particular when the electric cable is intended for the field of aeronautics and undergoes during a flight, high temperatures (around 150°C) and low pressures (around 150 mbar).
  • the electrical cable of the invention does not comprise a layer containing polyimide surrounding the electrically conductive element and positioned between said electrically conductive element and said electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer.
  • the electric cable is free of a layer containing polyimide (surrounding said electrically conductive element).
  • polyimide-containing layer means a polyimide layer, such as in particular that described in the document EP-1 498 909 .
  • a polyimide is an organic polymer comprising imide groups in its macromolecular chain.
  • the Applicant has surprisingly discovered that, according to the present invention, the elimination of the layer or layers of the prior art containing polyimide, surrounding the electrically conductive element, advantageously makes it possible to increase the resistance of said cable to partial discharges, whatever the diameter of the cable, to improve the resistance to humidity, and to improve the resistance to electric arc propagation.
  • the polyimide layer of the prior art is typically used in the form of a ribbon, and is wrapped helically around the elongated electrically conductive element, an electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer surrounding this layer of ribboned polyimide. Therefore, the positioning of the polyimide layer in the form of a ribbon creates voids, on the one hand between the electrically conductive element and the ribbon, and on the other hand between the fluorinated polymeric layer and the ribbon, these voids n not being favorable to the resistance to partial discharges.
  • Electrode insulating layer means a layer whose electrical conductivity is less than 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 Sm ⁇ 1 (siemens per meter), at ambient temperature (25° C.).
  • the electrically insulating fluoropolymer layer of the invention comprises at least one fluoropolymer, chosen in particular from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); copolymers of fluorinated ethylene and propylene (FEP) such as for example poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene); perfluoro alkoxy (PFA) copolymers such as for example perfluoro (alkyvinyl ether)/tetrafluoroethylene copolymers; perfluoro methoxy (MFA) copolymers; and poly(ethylene-co-tetra fluoroethylene) (ETFE); or a combination thereof.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • FEP fluorinated ethylene and propylene
  • PFA perfluoro alkoxy copolymers
  • MFA perfluoro methoxy copolymers
  • ETFE poly(ethylene-co-tetra fluoroethylene)
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer is a layer of PTFE.
  • the PTFE can generally be extruded by techniques well known to those skilled in the art, in particular by paste extrusion, better known under the Anglicism “ paste extrusion”. Prior to this paste extrusion, a preform is conventionally made from PTFE powder, said preform then being extruded.
  • the PTFE layer can also be sintered by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layer may comprise at least 50% by weight of fluorinated compound(s), preferably at least 70% by weight of fluorinated compound(s), and even more preferably at least 80% by weight of fluorinated compound(s), and even more preferably 90% by weight of fluorinated compound(s).
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer prefferably be an extruded layer.
  • all the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layers constituting the electric cable of the invention are extruded layers.
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer can be directly in physical contact with the electrically conductive element.
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer of the invention can advantageously be a non-crosslinked layer, and more particularly a thermoplastic layer, in particular sintered or non-sintered.
  • the term "uncrosslinked layer” means a layer which has not undergone a crosslinking step by techniques well known to those skilled in the art, in particular the uncrosslinked layer of the invention has not not been obtained from a composition containing a crosslinking agent.
  • non-crosslinked layer or layers in the present invention advantageously make it possible to use a very wide range of fluorinated polymers and thus to obtain an electrical cable that can withstand high operating temperatures, in particular of at least 200° C., or even of 250°C or more.
  • high operating temperatures in particular of at least 200° C., or even of 250°C or more.
  • non-crosslinked layer(s) makes it possible to significantly limit the production costs.
  • the electrical cable of the invention further comprises at least one semi-conductive polymer layer, said semi-conductive polymer layer preferably comprising at least one fluorinated polymer.
  • the semi-conductive polymer layer of the invention may comprise at least one fluorinated polymer, in particular chosen from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); copolymers of fluorinated ethylene and propylene (FEP) such as for example poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene); perfluoro alkoxy (PFA) copolymers such as for example perfluoro (alkyvinyl ether)/tetrafluoroethylene copolymers; perfluoro methoxy (MFA) copolymers; and poly(ethylene-co-tetra fluoroethylene) (ETFE); or a combination thereof.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • FEP fluorinated ethylene and propylene
  • PFA perfluoro alkoxy copolymers
  • MFA perfluoro methoxy copolymers
  • ETFE poly(ethylene-co-tetra fluoroethylene)
  • the semiconductive polymeric layer may comprise at least 50% by weight of fluorinated compound(s), preferably at least 70% by weight of fluorinated compound(s), and even more preferably at least 80% by weight of fluorinated compound(s), and even more preferably 90% by weight of fluorinated compound(s).
  • the semiconductive polymeric layer of the invention comprises one or more electrically conductive fillers in an amount sufficient to render the layer semiconductive.
  • it may comprise at least 0.1% by weight of electrically conductive filler(s), preferably at least 5% by weight of electrically conductive filler(s), preferably at least 10% by weight of electrically conductive filler(s), preferably at least 15% by weight of electrically conductive filler(s), and preferably at least 20% by weight of electrically conductive filler(s) driver(s).
  • the maximum amount in the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer can be at most 40% by weight of electrically conductive filler(s).
  • an electrically conductive filler of: carbon black, carbon nanotubes, etc.
  • the semiconductive polymeric layer may be a layer extruded around the electrically conductive element, or a layer in the form of a ribbon wound around the electrically conductive element, or a layer in the form of varnish deposited around the element electrically conductive, or a combination thereof.
  • semiconductor layer means a layer whose electrical conductivity is between 1 ⁇ 10 -9 Sm -1 and 1 ⁇ 10 5 Sm -1 , at room temperature (25°C), preferably between 0 .01 Sm -1 and 25.0 Sm -1 , and particularly preferably between 1.0 and 16.0 Sm -1 .
  • the electrical cable of the invention comprises: b. a semiconductive polymeric layer, as defined in the invention, surrounding the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer.
  • the first and the second semiconductive polymeric layers can be identical or different layers.
  • the semiconductive polymeric layer can be directly in physical contact on the one hand with the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer, and on the other hand with the electrically conductive element.
  • the semiconducting polymer layer of the invention can advantageously be a non-crosslinked layer, and more particularly a thermoplastic layer, in particular sintered or non-sintered.
  • the total thickness of all the electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layers is at least 0.10 mm.
  • the total thickness does not take into account the thickness of the semiconducting polymer layer or layers.
  • the total thickness of all the electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layers of the electric cable of the invention is at most 0.70 mm.
  • the presence of at least one semi-conductive polymer layer advantageously makes it possible to lower the minimum thickness of the electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layer or layers, while limiting partial discharges.
  • all the constituent layers of the electric cable of the invention coaxially surround the elongated electrically conductive element.
  • the elongated electrically conductive element suitable according to the invention is for example of the solid or multi-strand type, and can be made of copper (Cu), tinned copper alloy, silver-plated copper alloy, nickel-plated copper alloy, aluminum ( Al), nickel-plated aluminum, copper-plated and nickel-plated aluminum (well known as " nickel plated copper clad aluminum").
  • all the constituent layers of the cable of the invention are non-crosslinked layers, and more particularly thermoplastic layers, in particular sintered or unsintered.
  • the elongated electrically conductive element can be positioned in the center of the electrical cable.
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer, and optionally the semiconductor layer when it exists can be positioned coaxially around the elongated electrically conductive element.
  • all the constituent layers of the electrical cable of the present invention can be positioned coaxially around the elongated electrically conductive element.
  • the electrical cable of the invention may further comprise a metal screen surrounding the second semi-conductive polymer layer.
  • This metallic screen can be a so-called "wired” screen, composed of a set of conductors based on copper or aluminum, arranged around and along the second semi-conductive polymeric layer, a so-called “ribboned” screen composed of one or more conductive metal strips placed in a helix around the second semi-conductive polymer layer, or a so-called “sealed” screen of the metal tube type surrounding the second semi-conductive polymer layer.
  • This last type of screen makes it possible in particular to act as a barrier to moisture tending to penetrate the electrical cable in a radial direction.
  • All types of metallic screen can play the role of earthing the electric cable and can thus carry fault currents, for example in the event of a short-circuit in the network concerned.
  • the electrical cable of the invention may comprise a protective sheath surrounding the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer, this protective sheath preferably being the outermost layer of the electrical cable of the invention in order to be able in particular directly visualize the information likely to be marked on it.
  • Said protective sheath can therefore be suitable for being marked.
  • the electric cable according to the invention comprises a semi-conductive polymer layer surrounding the electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layer
  • said protective sheath preferably surrounds said semi-conductive polymer layer.
  • the protective sheath can be a layer based on fluorinated polymer (such as, for example, of the PTFE, FEP, PFA and/or ETFE type) and/or polyimide. Other materials well known to those skilled in the art in the field of aeronautics can of course be used.
  • Said outer layer can be in the form of a tape, an extrudate or a varnish.
  • said protective sheath could not in particular be considered as an electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer as defined in the invention, in particular for the calculation of the thicknesses in the first variant and in the second variant of the invention.
  • the electrical cable of the invention is more particularly intended for use in the field of aeronautics, in particular of the order of 230 V in alternating current, or of the order of ⁇ 270 V in direct current.
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layer 4 is directly in physical contact with the first and the second semi-conducting layers 3, 5.
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer 4 is an extruded PTFE layer, obtained from the PTFE powder marketed by the company DUPONT, under the reference CFP 6000 N.
  • thermoplastic polymers are thermoplastic polymers and can be easily extruded by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the first and the second semi-conductive polymeric layers are PTFE tapes, marketed by the company SAINT-GOBAIN, under the reference DF1400-2F, having an initial thickness of 60 ⁇ m.
  • a first PTFE tape is first wound helically around the electrically conductive element 2 to form the first semiconductive polymeric layer 3.
  • the first semiconductive polymeric layer 3 thus formed may comprise several windings of the same tape to increase its thickness.
  • said preform After having formed a reed-type preform from the PTFE powder, said preform is extruded around the first semiconductor layer 3, to form the extruded electrically insulating layer 4 of PTFE
  • the thickness of the extruded electrically insulating layer 4 can be between 0.10 and 0.70 mm.
  • a second tape of PTFE is wound helically around the electrically insulating extruded layer 4 of PTFE to form the second semiconductive polymeric layer 5.
  • the second semiconductive polymeric layer 5 thus formed may comprise several windings of the same tape to increase its thickness.
  • the 3.5 semiconductive polymeric layers of PTFE can be sintered. Sintering is conventionally carried out by heat treating (e.g. using for example an oven) the banded layers of PTFE at a temperature above 340°C.
  • the sintering of the first and of the second semi-conductive polymeric layers of PTFE can be carried out according to different variants.
  • the first semiconductor polymeric layer 3 of PTFE is sintered before the positioning of the layer electrically insulating layer 4, then the second semi-conductive polymeric layer 5 of PTFE is sintered once wrapped around the electrically insulating layer 4.
  • the sintering is carried out only once the first and the second semi-conducting polymeric layers 3.5 of PTFE have been positioned.
  • the 1' electric cable illustrated in the figure 2 , is the electrical cable of the figure 1 , further comprising a metal screen 6 for grounding and/or protection surrounding the second semi-conductive fluorinated polymeric layer 5, and a protective sheath 7 surrounding the metal screen 6.

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Spectroscopy & Molecular Physics (AREA)
  • Organic Insulating Materials (AREA)
  • Laminated Bodies (AREA)
  • Insulated Conductors (AREA)
  • Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
  • Addition Polymer Or Copolymer, Post-Treatments, Or Chemical Modifications (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Dispersion Chemistry (AREA)
  • Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
  • Extrusion Moulding Of Plastics Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (12)

  1. Elektrisches Kabel (1) umfassend:
    - en längliches leitendes elektrisches Element (2),
    - mindestens eine elektrisch isolierende fluorierte Polymerschicht (4), die das elektrisch leitende Element (2) umgibt, und
    - eine oder mehrere halbleitende Polymerschichten (3, 5), dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass
    - das elektrische Kabel (1) frei von einer Schicht, die Polyimid enthält, zwischen dem elektrisch leitenden Element (2) und der elektrisch isolierenden fluorierten Polymerschicht (4) ist,
    - die Gesamtdicke der Einheit der elektrisch isolierenden fluorierten Polymerschichten mindestens 0,10 mm und höchstens 0,70 mm beträgt,
    - die eine oder mehreren halbleitenden Polymerschichten (3, 5) eine oder mehrere elektrisch leitende Ladungen umfassen und eine elektrische Leitfähigkeit aufweisen, die im Bereich zwischen 1.10-9 und 1.105 S m-1 (25 °C) liegt, und
    - das elektrische Kabel eine halbleitende Polymerschicht (5) umfasst, die die elektrisch isolierende fluorierte Polymerschicht (4) umgibt.
  2. Elektrisches Kabel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrisch isolierende fluorierte Polymerschicht (4) eine nicht vernetzte Schicht ist.
  3. Elektrisches Kabel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das elektrische Kabel frei von einer Schicht ist, die Polyimid enthält.
  4. Elektrisches Kabel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrisch isolierende fluorierte Polymerschicht (4) eine extrudierte Schicht ist.
  5. Elektrisches Kabel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrisch isolierende fluorierte Polymerschicht (4) mindestens ein fluoriertes Polymer umfasst, ausgewählt aus dem Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE); den fluorierten Ethylen- und Propylencopolymeren; den Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA)-Copolymeren; den Perfluormethoxy (MFA)-Copolymeren; und den Poly(ethylen-Co-tetrafluorethylenen).(ETFE).
  6. Elektrisches Kabel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrisch isolierende fluorierte Polymerschicht (4) direkt in physischem Kontakt mit dem elektrisch leitenden Element (2) ist.
  7. Elektrisches Kabel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es außerdem eine halbleitende Polymerschicht (3) umfasst, die das längliche elektrisch leitende Element (2) umgibt, wobei die elektrisch isolierende fluorierte Polymerschicht (4) die halbleitende Polymerschicht (3) umgibt.
  8. Elektrisches Kabel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die halbleitende(n) Polymerschicht(en) (3, 5) mindestens ein fluoriertes Polymer umfassen.
  9. Elektrisches Kabel nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das fluorierte Polymer der halbleitenden Polymerschicht (3, 5) ausgewählt ist aus dem Polytetrafluorethylen (PTFE); den fluorierten Ethylen- und Propylencopolymeren (FEP); den Perfluoroalkoxy (PFA)-Copolymeren; den Perfluormethoxy (MFA)-Copolymeren; und den Poly(ethylen-co-tetrafluorethylenen) (ETFE).
  10. Elektrisches Kabel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die halbleitende Schicht (3, 5) mindestens 0,1 Gew.% leitende elektrische Ladung umfasst.
  11. Elektrisches Kabel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die elektrisch isolierende fluorierte Polymerschicht (4) nicht ausgehend von einer Zusammensetzung erhalten wird, die ein Vernetzungsmittel enthält.
  12. Elektrisches Kabel nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ausgelegt ist, um auf dem Gebiet der Aeronautik verwendet zu werden und bei einer Spannung im Bereich von 230 V mit Wechselstrom oder im Bereich von ± 270 V mit Gleichstrom zu funktionieren.
EP14154578.0A 2013-02-12 2014-02-11 Elektrisches Kabel, das resistent gegen Teilentladungen ist Active EP2765581B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1351178A FR3002076B1 (fr) 2013-02-12 2013-02-12 Cable electrique resistant aux decharges partielles

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP2765581A1 EP2765581A1 (de) 2014-08-13
EP2765581B1 true EP2765581B1 (de) 2022-11-30

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US (1) US9362019B2 (de)
EP (1) EP2765581B1 (de)
CN (1) CN103985438B (de)
ES (1) ES2938330T3 (de)
FR (1) FR3002076B1 (de)

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CN106448846A (zh) * 2016-12-12 2017-02-22 广州凯恒特种电线电缆有限公司 一种氟聚合物电线电缆及其制备方法
CN106782801A (zh) * 2016-12-12 2017-05-31 广州凯恒特种电线电缆有限公司 一种航空航天专用电线电缆及其制备方法
FR3110765B1 (fr) * 2020-05-20 2023-02-10 Nexans câble présentant une résistance à la corrosion améliorée
FR3113978A1 (fr) * 2020-09-04 2022-03-11 Nexans Câble électrique pour le domaine de l’aéronautique
FR3113979A1 (fr) * 2020-09-04 2022-03-11 Nexans Câble électrique limitant les décharges partielles
FR3123138A1 (fr) * 2021-05-21 2022-11-25 Nexans Câble électrique limitant les décharges partielles

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FR3002076A1 (fr) 2014-08-15
CN103985438B (zh) 2018-03-09
EP2765581A1 (de) 2014-08-13
CN103985438A (zh) 2014-08-13
FR3002076B1 (fr) 2022-11-11
ES2938330T3 (es) 2023-04-10
US20140224521A1 (en) 2014-08-14
US9362019B2 (en) 2016-06-07

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