EP2765581B1 - Electric cable resistant to partial discharges - Google Patents

Electric cable resistant to partial discharges Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2765581B1
EP2765581B1 EP14154578.0A EP14154578A EP2765581B1 EP 2765581 B1 EP2765581 B1 EP 2765581B1 EP 14154578 A EP14154578 A EP 14154578A EP 2765581 B1 EP2765581 B1 EP 2765581B1
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EP
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Prior art keywords
layer
electrical cable
fluorinated
electrically insulating
polymeric
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EP14154578.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2765581A1 (en
Inventor
Hakim Janah
Thiery Daumand
Virak Phul
Patrick Rybski
Pascal Clouet
Wilfried Lecluse
Rui Manuel Da Silva
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Nexans SA
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Nexans SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/443—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds
    • H01B3/445—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds from vinylfluorides or other fluoroethylenic compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
    • H01B7/292—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to heat

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric cable, and applies typically but not exclusively to electric cables used in aeronautics, for example on board aircraft.
  • This type of electric cable must satisfy many criteria necessary for its use in aeronautics, in particular when it is subjected to high voltages, of the order of 230 V in alternating current, or of the order of ⁇ 270 V direct current, and when located in non-pressurized areas.
  • partial discharges which are tiny electric arcs in the electrically insulating material of the cable, cause over time a degradation of the electrically insulating material which can lead to its breakage.
  • wiring wires these wires comprising a conductive element surrounded by a first layer of polyimide 0.017 to 0.065 mm thick, itself surrounded by a layer polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE with a thickness of 0.1 to 0.22 mm for nominal conductor sections ranging from 0.15 to 120 mm 2 .
  • the voltage applied is of the order of 115 V.
  • the document EP 1 498 909 relates to a multilayer insulation having the function of insulating and/or protecting electrically conductive materials, such as cables for aeronautics.
  • This insulation successively comprises, around the electrical element to be protected, a first layer of polyimide (PI), a second layer of perfluoro(alkylvinylether)/tetrafluoroethylene (PFA) copolymer, and optionally a outer layer of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • the thickness of the PI layer ranges from 8 to 150 ⁇ m and the thickness of PTFE ranges from 1 to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the resistance to partial discharges of an electrical cable surrounded by this multilayer insulation is also not optimized for high voltages, such as of the order of 230 V in alternating current, or of the order of ⁇ 270 V in direct current.
  • an electric cable for alternating current having high voltages comprising at least one central conductive core and at least one outer sheath made of an insulating material, and comprising a single primary layer of a semiconductor material, in particular being based on a fluorinated thermoplastic polymer mixed with carbon black, interposed coaxially between the conductive core and the outer sheath made of insulating material.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the techniques of the prior art by proposing an electric cable resistant to partial discharges, in particular when the electric cable is intended for the field of aeronautics and undergoes during a flight, high temperatures (around 150°C) and low pressures (around 150 mbar).
  • the electrical cable of the invention does not comprise a layer containing polyimide surrounding the electrically conductive element and positioned between said electrically conductive element and said electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer.
  • the electric cable is free of a layer containing polyimide (surrounding said electrically conductive element).
  • polyimide-containing layer means a polyimide layer, such as in particular that described in the document EP-1 498 909 .
  • a polyimide is an organic polymer comprising imide groups in its macromolecular chain.
  • the Applicant has surprisingly discovered that, according to the present invention, the elimination of the layer or layers of the prior art containing polyimide, surrounding the electrically conductive element, advantageously makes it possible to increase the resistance of said cable to partial discharges, whatever the diameter of the cable, to improve the resistance to humidity, and to improve the resistance to electric arc propagation.
  • the polyimide layer of the prior art is typically used in the form of a ribbon, and is wrapped helically around the elongated electrically conductive element, an electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer surrounding this layer of ribboned polyimide. Therefore, the positioning of the polyimide layer in the form of a ribbon creates voids, on the one hand between the electrically conductive element and the ribbon, and on the other hand between the fluorinated polymeric layer and the ribbon, these voids n not being favorable to the resistance to partial discharges.
  • Electrode insulating layer means a layer whose electrical conductivity is less than 1 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 9 Sm ⁇ 1 (siemens per meter), at ambient temperature (25° C.).
  • the electrically insulating fluoropolymer layer of the invention comprises at least one fluoropolymer, chosen in particular from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); copolymers of fluorinated ethylene and propylene (FEP) such as for example poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene); perfluoro alkoxy (PFA) copolymers such as for example perfluoro (alkyvinyl ether)/tetrafluoroethylene copolymers; perfluoro methoxy (MFA) copolymers; and poly(ethylene-co-tetra fluoroethylene) (ETFE); or a combination thereof.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • FEP fluorinated ethylene and propylene
  • PFA perfluoro alkoxy copolymers
  • MFA perfluoro methoxy copolymers
  • ETFE poly(ethylene-co-tetra fluoroethylene)
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer is a layer of PTFE.
  • the PTFE can generally be extruded by techniques well known to those skilled in the art, in particular by paste extrusion, better known under the Anglicism “ paste extrusion”. Prior to this paste extrusion, a preform is conventionally made from PTFE powder, said preform then being extruded.
  • the PTFE layer can also be sintered by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layer may comprise at least 50% by weight of fluorinated compound(s), preferably at least 70% by weight of fluorinated compound(s), and even more preferably at least 80% by weight of fluorinated compound(s), and even more preferably 90% by weight of fluorinated compound(s).
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer prefferably be an extruded layer.
  • all the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layers constituting the electric cable of the invention are extruded layers.
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer can be directly in physical contact with the electrically conductive element.
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer of the invention can advantageously be a non-crosslinked layer, and more particularly a thermoplastic layer, in particular sintered or non-sintered.
  • the term "uncrosslinked layer” means a layer which has not undergone a crosslinking step by techniques well known to those skilled in the art, in particular the uncrosslinked layer of the invention has not not been obtained from a composition containing a crosslinking agent.
  • non-crosslinked layer or layers in the present invention advantageously make it possible to use a very wide range of fluorinated polymers and thus to obtain an electrical cable that can withstand high operating temperatures, in particular of at least 200° C., or even of 250°C or more.
  • high operating temperatures in particular of at least 200° C., or even of 250°C or more.
  • non-crosslinked layer(s) makes it possible to significantly limit the production costs.
  • the electrical cable of the invention further comprises at least one semi-conductive polymer layer, said semi-conductive polymer layer preferably comprising at least one fluorinated polymer.
  • the semi-conductive polymer layer of the invention may comprise at least one fluorinated polymer, in particular chosen from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); copolymers of fluorinated ethylene and propylene (FEP) such as for example poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene); perfluoro alkoxy (PFA) copolymers such as for example perfluoro (alkyvinyl ether)/tetrafluoroethylene copolymers; perfluoro methoxy (MFA) copolymers; and poly(ethylene-co-tetra fluoroethylene) (ETFE); or a combination thereof.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • FEP fluorinated ethylene and propylene
  • PFA perfluoro alkoxy copolymers
  • MFA perfluoro methoxy copolymers
  • ETFE poly(ethylene-co-tetra fluoroethylene)
  • the semiconductive polymeric layer may comprise at least 50% by weight of fluorinated compound(s), preferably at least 70% by weight of fluorinated compound(s), and even more preferably at least 80% by weight of fluorinated compound(s), and even more preferably 90% by weight of fluorinated compound(s).
  • the semiconductive polymeric layer of the invention comprises one or more electrically conductive fillers in an amount sufficient to render the layer semiconductive.
  • it may comprise at least 0.1% by weight of electrically conductive filler(s), preferably at least 5% by weight of electrically conductive filler(s), preferably at least 10% by weight of electrically conductive filler(s), preferably at least 15% by weight of electrically conductive filler(s), and preferably at least 20% by weight of electrically conductive filler(s) driver(s).
  • the maximum amount in the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer can be at most 40% by weight of electrically conductive filler(s).
  • an electrically conductive filler of: carbon black, carbon nanotubes, etc.
  • the semiconductive polymeric layer may be a layer extruded around the electrically conductive element, or a layer in the form of a ribbon wound around the electrically conductive element, or a layer in the form of varnish deposited around the element electrically conductive, or a combination thereof.
  • semiconductor layer means a layer whose electrical conductivity is between 1 ⁇ 10 -9 Sm -1 and 1 ⁇ 10 5 Sm -1 , at room temperature (25°C), preferably between 0 .01 Sm -1 and 25.0 Sm -1 , and particularly preferably between 1.0 and 16.0 Sm -1 .
  • the electrical cable of the invention comprises: b. a semiconductive polymeric layer, as defined in the invention, surrounding the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer.
  • the first and the second semiconductive polymeric layers can be identical or different layers.
  • the semiconductive polymeric layer can be directly in physical contact on the one hand with the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer, and on the other hand with the electrically conductive element.
  • the semiconducting polymer layer of the invention can advantageously be a non-crosslinked layer, and more particularly a thermoplastic layer, in particular sintered or non-sintered.
  • the total thickness of all the electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layers is at least 0.10 mm.
  • the total thickness does not take into account the thickness of the semiconducting polymer layer or layers.
  • the total thickness of all the electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layers of the electric cable of the invention is at most 0.70 mm.
  • the presence of at least one semi-conductive polymer layer advantageously makes it possible to lower the minimum thickness of the electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layer or layers, while limiting partial discharges.
  • all the constituent layers of the electric cable of the invention coaxially surround the elongated electrically conductive element.
  • the elongated electrically conductive element suitable according to the invention is for example of the solid or multi-strand type, and can be made of copper (Cu), tinned copper alloy, silver-plated copper alloy, nickel-plated copper alloy, aluminum ( Al), nickel-plated aluminum, copper-plated and nickel-plated aluminum (well known as " nickel plated copper clad aluminum").
  • all the constituent layers of the cable of the invention are non-crosslinked layers, and more particularly thermoplastic layers, in particular sintered or unsintered.
  • the elongated electrically conductive element can be positioned in the center of the electrical cable.
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer, and optionally the semiconductor layer when it exists can be positioned coaxially around the elongated electrically conductive element.
  • all the constituent layers of the electrical cable of the present invention can be positioned coaxially around the elongated electrically conductive element.
  • the electrical cable of the invention may further comprise a metal screen surrounding the second semi-conductive polymer layer.
  • This metallic screen can be a so-called "wired” screen, composed of a set of conductors based on copper or aluminum, arranged around and along the second semi-conductive polymeric layer, a so-called “ribboned” screen composed of one or more conductive metal strips placed in a helix around the second semi-conductive polymer layer, or a so-called “sealed” screen of the metal tube type surrounding the second semi-conductive polymer layer.
  • This last type of screen makes it possible in particular to act as a barrier to moisture tending to penetrate the electrical cable in a radial direction.
  • All types of metallic screen can play the role of earthing the electric cable and can thus carry fault currents, for example in the event of a short-circuit in the network concerned.
  • the electrical cable of the invention may comprise a protective sheath surrounding the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer, this protective sheath preferably being the outermost layer of the electrical cable of the invention in order to be able in particular directly visualize the information likely to be marked on it.
  • Said protective sheath can therefore be suitable for being marked.
  • the electric cable according to the invention comprises a semi-conductive polymer layer surrounding the electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layer
  • said protective sheath preferably surrounds said semi-conductive polymer layer.
  • the protective sheath can be a layer based on fluorinated polymer (such as, for example, of the PTFE, FEP, PFA and/or ETFE type) and/or polyimide. Other materials well known to those skilled in the art in the field of aeronautics can of course be used.
  • Said outer layer can be in the form of a tape, an extrudate or a varnish.
  • said protective sheath could not in particular be considered as an electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer as defined in the invention, in particular for the calculation of the thicknesses in the first variant and in the second variant of the invention.
  • the electrical cable of the invention is more particularly intended for use in the field of aeronautics, in particular of the order of 230 V in alternating current, or of the order of ⁇ 270 V in direct current.
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layer 4 is directly in physical contact with the first and the second semi-conducting layers 3, 5.
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer 4 is an extruded PTFE layer, obtained from the PTFE powder marketed by the company DUPONT, under the reference CFP 6000 N.
  • thermoplastic polymers are thermoplastic polymers and can be easily extruded by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the first and the second semi-conductive polymeric layers are PTFE tapes, marketed by the company SAINT-GOBAIN, under the reference DF1400-2F, having an initial thickness of 60 ⁇ m.
  • a first PTFE tape is first wound helically around the electrically conductive element 2 to form the first semiconductive polymeric layer 3.
  • the first semiconductive polymeric layer 3 thus formed may comprise several windings of the same tape to increase its thickness.
  • said preform After having formed a reed-type preform from the PTFE powder, said preform is extruded around the first semiconductor layer 3, to form the extruded electrically insulating layer 4 of PTFE
  • the thickness of the extruded electrically insulating layer 4 can be between 0.10 and 0.70 mm.
  • a second tape of PTFE is wound helically around the electrically insulating extruded layer 4 of PTFE to form the second semiconductive polymeric layer 5.
  • the second semiconductive polymeric layer 5 thus formed may comprise several windings of the same tape to increase its thickness.
  • the 3.5 semiconductive polymeric layers of PTFE can be sintered. Sintering is conventionally carried out by heat treating (e.g. using for example an oven) the banded layers of PTFE at a temperature above 340°C.
  • the sintering of the first and of the second semi-conductive polymeric layers of PTFE can be carried out according to different variants.
  • the first semiconductor polymeric layer 3 of PTFE is sintered before the positioning of the layer electrically insulating layer 4, then the second semi-conductive polymeric layer 5 of PTFE is sintered once wrapped around the electrically insulating layer 4.
  • the sintering is carried out only once the first and the second semi-conducting polymeric layers 3.5 of PTFE have been positioned.
  • the 1' electric cable illustrated in the figure 2 , is the electrical cable of the figure 1 , further comprising a metal screen 6 for grounding and/or protection surrounding the second semi-conductive fluorinated polymeric layer 5, and a protective sheath 7 surrounding the metal screen 6.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un câble électrique, et s'applique typiquement mais non exclusivement aux câbles électriques utilisés en aéronautique, par exemple à bord des avions.The present invention relates to an electric cable, and applies typically but not exclusively to electric cables used in aeronautics, for example on board aircraft.

Ce type de câble électrique doit satisfaire de nombreux critères nécessaires à son utilisation dans l'aéronautique, notamment lorsqu'il est soumis à des tensions élevées, de l'ordre de 230 V en courant alternatif, ou de l'ordre de ±270 V en courant continu, et lorsqu'il est situé dans les zones non pressurisées.This type of electric cable must satisfy many criteria necessary for its use in aeronautics, in particular when it is subjected to high voltages, of the order of 230 V in alternating current, or of the order of ±270 V direct current, and when located in non-pressurized areas.

Ces tensions relativement élevées, combinées aux contraintes liées à l'aéronautique, telles que l'humidité, la température élevée et la basse pression, peuvent générer des décharges partielles (DP) sur les équipements électroniques, tels que les câbles électriques. Or, les décharges partielles, qui sont de minuscules arcs électriques dans le matériau électriquement isolant du câble, provoquent avec le temps, une dégradation du matériau électriquement isolant qui peut mener à sa rupture.These relatively high voltages, combined with aeronautical stresses, such as humidity, high temperature and low pressure, can generate partial discharges (PD) on electronic equipment, such as electrical cables. However, partial discharges, which are tiny electric arcs in the electrically insulating material of the cable, cause over time a degradation of the electrically insulating material which can lead to its breakage.

D'autres critères peuvent également être pris en compte comme le poids et le diamètre dudit câble qui ne doivent pas être excessifs, et la marquabilité dudit câble afin de permettre, quand cela est nécessaire, son identification.Other criteria can also be taken into account such as the weight and the diameter of said cable which must not be excessive, and the markability of said cable in order to allow, when necessary, its identification.

Dans l'art antérieur, il est connu d'équiper les avions de fils de câblage, ces fils comprenant un élément conducteur entouré d'une première couche de polyimide de 0,017 à 0,065 mm d'épaisseur, elle-même entourée d'une couche de polytétrafluoroéthylène PTFE d'une épaisseur de 0,1 à 0,22 mm pour des sections nominales de conducteur allant de 0,15 à 120 mm2. Toutefois, pour de telsfilsde câblages, la tension appliquée est de l'ordre de 115 V.In the prior art, it is known to equip aircraft with wiring wires, these wires comprising a conductive element surrounded by a first layer of polyimide 0.017 to 0.065 mm thick, itself surrounded by a layer polytetrafluoroethylene PTFE with a thickness of 0.1 to 0.22 mm for nominal conductor sections ranging from 0.15 to 120 mm 2 . However, for such wirings, the voltage applied is of the order of 115 V.

Le document EP 1 498 909 concerne une isolation multicouche ayant pour fonction d'isoler et/ou de protéger des matériaux conducteurs électriques, tels que des câbles pour l'aéronautique. Cette isolation comprend successivement autour de l'élément électrique à protéger, une première couche de polyimide (PI), une deuxième couche de copolymère perfluoro(alkylvinyléther)/tétrafluoroéthylène (PFA), et éventuellement une couche externe de polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE). L'épaisseur de la couche de PI va de 8 à 150 µm et l'épaisseur de PTFE va de 1 à 200 µm. Toutefois, la résistance aux décharges partielles d'un câble électrique entouré par cette isolation multicouche n'est pas non plus optimisée pour des tensions élevées, telles que de l'ordre de 230 V en courant alternatif, ou de l'ordre de ±270 V en courant continu.The document EP 1 498 909 relates to a multilayer insulation having the function of insulating and/or protecting electrically conductive materials, such as cables for aeronautics. This insulation successively comprises, around the electrical element to be protected, a first layer of polyimide (PI), a second layer of perfluoro(alkylvinylether)/tetrafluoroethylene (PFA) copolymer, and optionally a outer layer of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The thickness of the PI layer ranges from 8 to 150 µm and the thickness of PTFE ranges from 1 to 200 µm. However, the resistance to partial discharges of an electrical cable surrounded by this multilayer insulation is also not optimized for high voltages, such as of the order of 230 V in alternating current, or of the order of ±270 V in direct current.

Il est par ailleurs connu de WO 2012/159221 un câble électrique pour courant alternatif ayant des tensions élevées, ledit câble comportant au moins une âme conductrice centrale et au moins une gaine extérieure réalisée en un matériau isolant, et comprenant une couche primaire unique d'un matériau semiconducteur, notamment être à base d'un polymère thermoplastique fluoré mélangé à du noir de carbone, interposée coaxialement entre l'âme conductrice et la gaine extérieure en matériau isolant.It is also known to WO 2012/159221 an electric cable for alternating current having high voltages, said cable comprising at least one central conductive core and at least one outer sheath made of an insulating material, and comprising a single primary layer of a semiconductor material, in particular being based on a fluorinated thermoplastic polymer mixed with carbon black, interposed coaxially between the conductive core and the outer sheath made of insulating material.

Le but de la présente invention est de pallier les inconvénients des techniques de l'art antérieur en proposant un câble électrique résistant aux décharges partielles, notamment lorsque le câble électrique est destiné au domaine de l'aéronautique et subit lors d'un vol, des hautes températures (aux alentours de 150°C) et des basses pressions (environ 150 mbar).The object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the techniques of the prior art by proposing an electric cable resistant to partial discharges, in particular when the electric cable is intended for the field of aeronautics and undergoes during a flight, high temperatures (around 150°C) and low pressures (around 150 mbar).

La présente invention a pour objet un câble électrique tel que défini dans la revendication 1 ci-annexée, à savoir comprenant :

  • un élément électriquement conducteur allongé, et
  • au moins une couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante, entourant ledit élément électriquement conducteur,
  • une ou plusieurs couches polymériques semi-conductrices
caractérisé en ce que
  • le câble électrique est exempt de couche contenant du polyimide entre ledit élément électriquement conducteur et ladite couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante,
  • l'épaisseur totale de l'ensemble des couches polymériques fluorées électriquement isolantes est d'au moins 0,10 mm et d'au plus 0,70 mm,
  • la ou les couches polymériques semi-conductrices comprennent une ou plusieurs charges électriquement conductrices, et ont une conductivité électrique comprise entre 1.10-9 et 1.105 S.m-1 (25°C), et
  • le câble électrique comprend une couche polymérique semi-conductrice entourant la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante.
The subject of the present invention is an electric cable as defined in the appended claim 1, namely comprising:
  • an elongated electrically conductive member, and
  • at least one electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layer surrounding said electrically conductive element,
  • one or more semiconductive polymeric layers
characterized in that
  • the electrical cable is free of a layer containing polyimide between said electrically conductive element and said electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer,
  • the total thickness of all the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layers is at least 0.10 mm and at most 0.70 mm,
  • the semiconductive polymer layer or layers comprise one or more electrically conductive fillers, and have an electrical conductivity of between 1.10 -9 and 1.10 5 Sm -1 (25°C), and
  • the electric cable comprises a semiconductive polymeric layer surrounding the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer.

Plus particulièrement, le câble électrique de l'invention ne comprend pas de couche contenant du polyimide entourant l'élément électriquement conducteur et positionnée entre ledit élément électriquement conducteur et ladite couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante.More particularly, the electrical cable of the invention does not comprise a layer containing polyimide surrounding the electrically conductive element and positioned between said electrically conductive element and said electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer.

De préférence, le câble électrique est exempt de couche contenant du polyimide (entourant ledit élément électriquement conducteur).Preferably, the electric cable is free of a layer containing polyimide (surrounding said electrically conductive element).

Plus particulièrement, on entend par « couche contenant du polyimide » une couche de polyimide, telle que notamment celle décrite dans le document EP-1 498 909 . De façon générale, un polyimide est un polymère organique comportant des groupes imides dans sa chaîne macromoléculaire.More particularly, the term "polyimide-containing layer" means a polyimide layer, such as in particular that described in the document EP-1 498 909 . Generally, a polyimide is an organic polymer comprising imide groups in its macromolecular chain.

La Demanderesse a découvert de manière surprenante que, selon la présente invention, la suppression de la ou des couches de l'art antérieur contenant du polyimide, entourant l'élément électriquement conducteur, permet avantageusement d'augmenter la résistance dudit câble aux décharges partielles et ce quel que soit le diamètre du câble, d'améliorer la tenue à l'humidité, et d'améliorer la tenue à la propagation d'arc électrique.The Applicant has surprisingly discovered that, according to the present invention, the elimination of the layer or layers of the prior art containing polyimide, surrounding the electrically conductive element, advantageously makes it possible to increase the resistance of said cable to partial discharges, whatever the diameter of the cable, to improve the resistance to humidity, and to improve the resistance to electric arc propagation.

Plus particulièrement, la couche de polyimide de l'art antérieur est typiquement utilisée sous forme de ruban, et est enroulée hélicoïdalement autour de l'élément électriquement conducteur allongé, une couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante entourant cette couche de polyimide rubanée. De ce fait, le positionnement de la couche de polyimide sous forme de ruban crée des vides, d'une part entre l'élément électriquement conducteur et le ruban, et d'autre part entre la couche polymérique fluorée et le ruban, ces vides n'étant pas favorables à la tenue aux décharges partielles.More particularly, the polyimide layer of the prior art is typically used in the form of a ribbon, and is wrapped helically around the elongated electrically conductive element, an electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer surrounding this layer of ribboned polyimide. Therefore, the positioning of the polyimide layer in the form of a ribbon creates voids, on the one hand between the electrically conductive element and the ribbon, and on the other hand between the fluorinated polymeric layer and the ribbon, these voids n not being favorable to the resistance to partial discharges.

On entend par « couche électriquement isolante » une couche dont la conductivité électrique est inférieure à 1×10-9 Sm-1 (siemens par mètre), à température ambiante (25°C).“Electrically insulating layer” means a layer whose electrical conductivity is less than 1×10 −9 Sm −1 (siemens per meter), at ambient temperature (25° C.).

La couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante de l'invention comprend au moins un polymère fluoré, notamment choisi parmi le polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE) ; les copolymères d'éthylène et de propylène fluorés (FEP) comme par exemple les poly(tétrafluoroéthylène-co-hexafluoropropylène) ; les copolymères perfluoro alkoxy (PFA) comme par exemple les copolymères perfluoro (alkyvinyléther)/tétrafluoroéthylène ; les copolymères perfluoro methoxy (MFA) ; et les poly(éthylène-co-tétra fluoroéthylène) (ETFE) ; ou une de leurs combinaisons.The electrically insulating fluoropolymer layer of the invention comprises at least one fluoropolymer, chosen in particular from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); copolymers of fluorinated ethylene and propylene (FEP) such as for example poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene); perfluoro alkoxy (PFA) copolymers such as for example perfluoro (alkyvinyl ether)/tetrafluoroethylene copolymers; perfluoro methoxy (MFA) copolymers; and poly(ethylene-co-tetra fluoroethylene) (ETFE); or a combination thereof.

De préférence, la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante est une couche de PTFE Le PTFE peut être généralement extrudé par des techniques bien connues de l'homme du métier, notamment par extrusion de pâte, mieux connue sous l'anglicisme « paste extrusion ». Préalablement à cette extrusion de pâte, une préforme est classiquement réalisée à partir de poudre de PTFE, ladite préforme étant alors extrudée. La couche de PTFE peut en outre être frittée par des techniques bien connues de l'homme du métier.Preferably, the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer is a layer of PTFE. The PTFE can generally be extruded by techniques well known to those skilled in the art, in particular by paste extrusion, better known under the Anglicism “ paste extrusion”. Prior to this paste extrusion, a preform is conventionally made from PTFE powder, said preform then being extruded. The PTFE layer can also be sintered by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.

De préférence, la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante peut comprendre au moins 50% en poids de composé(s) fluoré(s), de préférence au moins 70 % en poids de composé(s) fluoré(s), et de manière encore plus préférée au moins 80% en poids de composé(s) fluoré(s), et de manière encore plus préférée 90% en poids de composé(s) fluoré(s).Preferably, the electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layer may comprise at least 50% by weight of fluorinated compound(s), preferably at least 70% by weight of fluorinated compound(s), and even more preferably at least 80% by weight of fluorinated compound(s), and even more preferably 90% by weight of fluorinated compound(s).

Afin d'optimiser la tenue aux décharges partielles, il est préférable que la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante soit une couche extrudée.In order to optimize the resistance to partial discharges, it is preferable for the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer to be an extruded layer.

Plus particulièrement, toutes les couches polymériques fluorées électriquement isolantes constitutives du câble électrique de l'invention sont des couches extrudées.More particularly, all the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layers constituting the electric cable of the invention are extruded layers.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante peut être directement en contact physique avec l'élément électriquement conducteur.In a particular embodiment, the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer can be directly in physical contact with the electrically conductive element.

La couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante de l'invention peut être avantageusement une couche non réticulée, et plus particulièrement une couche thermoplastique, notamment frittée ou non frittée.The electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer of the invention can advantageously be a non-crosslinked layer, and more particularly a thermoplastic layer, in particular sintered or non-sintered.

Dans la présente invention, on entend par « couche non réticulée » une couche qui n'a pas subi d'étape de réticulation par des techniques bien connues de l'homme du métier, notamment la couche non réticulée de l'invention n'a pas été obtenue à partir d'une composition contenant un agent de réticulation.In the present invention, the term "uncrosslinked layer" means a layer which has not undergone a crosslinking step by techniques well known to those skilled in the art, in particular the uncrosslinked layer of the invention has not not been obtained from a composition containing a crosslinking agent.

La ou les couches non réticulées dans la présente invention permettent avantageusement d'utiliser un panel très large de polymères fluorés et ainsi d'obtenir un câble électrique pouvant supporter de hautes températures de fonctionnement, notamment d'au moins 200°C, voire même de 250°C ou plus. En outre, l'utilisation de couche(s) non réticulées(s) permet de limiter significativement les coûts de production.The non-crosslinked layer or layers in the present invention advantageously make it possible to use a very wide range of fluorinated polymers and thus to obtain an electrical cable that can withstand high operating temperatures, in particular of at least 200° C., or even of 250°C or more. In addition, the use of non-crosslinked layer(s) makes it possible to significantly limit the production costs.

Couche polymérique semi-conductriceSemiconducting polymer layer

Le câble électrique de l'invention comprend en outre au moins une couche polymérique semi-conductrice, ladite couche polymérique semi-conductrice comprenant de préférence au moins un polymère fluoré.The electrical cable of the invention further comprises at least one semi-conductive polymer layer, said semi-conductive polymer layer preferably comprising at least one fluorinated polymer.

La couche polymérique semi-conductrice de l'invention peut comprendre au moins un polymère fluoré, notamment choisi parmi le polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE) ; les copolymères d'éthylène et de propylène fluorés (FEP) comme par exemple les poly(tétrafluoroéthylène-co-hexafluoropropylène) ; les copolymères perfluoro alkoxy (PFA) comme par exemple les copolymères perfluoro (alkyvinyléther)/tétrafluoroéthylène ; les copolymères perfluoro methoxy (MFA) ; et les poly(éthylène-co-tétra fluoroéthylène) (ETFE) ; ou une de leurs combinaisons.The semi-conductive polymer layer of the invention may comprise at least one fluorinated polymer, in particular chosen from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); copolymers of fluorinated ethylene and propylene (FEP) such as for example poly(tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene); perfluoro alkoxy (PFA) copolymers such as for example perfluoro (alkyvinyl ether)/tetrafluoroethylene copolymers; perfluoro methoxy (MFA) copolymers; and poly(ethylene-co-tetra fluoroethylene) (ETFE); or a combination thereof.

De préférence, la couche polymérique semi-conductrice peut comprendre au moins 50% en poids de composé(s) fluoré(s), de préférence au moins 70 % en poids de composé(s) fluoré(s), et de manière encore plus préférée au moins 80% en poids de composé(s) fluoré(s), et de manière encore plus préférée 90% en poids de composé(s) fluoré(s).Preferably, the semiconductive polymeric layer may comprise at least 50% by weight of fluorinated compound(s), preferably at least 70% by weight of fluorinated compound(s), and even more preferably at least 80% by weight of fluorinated compound(s), and even more preferably 90% by weight of fluorinated compound(s).

La couche polymérique semi-conductrice de l'invention comprend une ou plusieurs charges électriquement conductrices en une quantité suffisante pour rendre la couche semi-conductrice.The semiconductive polymeric layer of the invention comprises one or more electrically conductive fillers in an amount sufficient to render the layer semiconductive.

A titre d'exemple, elle peut comprendre au moins 0,1% en poids de charge(s) électriquement conductrice(s), de préférence au moins 5% en poids de charge(s) électriquement conductrice(s), de préférence au moins 10% en poids de charge(s) électriquement conductrice(s), de préférence au moins 15% en poids de charge(s) électriquement conductrice(s), et de préférence au moins 20% en poids de charge(s) électriquement conductrice(s).By way of example, it may comprise at least 0.1% by weight of electrically conductive filler(s), preferably at least 5% by weight of electrically conductive filler(s), preferably at least 10% by weight of electrically conductive filler(s), preferably at least 15% by weight of electrically conductive filler(s), and preferably at least 20% by weight of electrically conductive filler(s) driver(s).

La quantité maximale dans la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante peut être d'au plus 40% en poids de charge(s) électriquement conductrice(s).The maximum amount in the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer can be at most 40% by weight of electrically conductive filler(s).

On peut citer comme exemple de charge électriquement conductrice : du noir de carbone, des nanotubes de carbone, ...etc.Mention may be made, as an example of an electrically conductive filler, of: carbon black, carbon nanotubes, etc.

La couche polymérique semi-conductrice peut être une couche extrudée autour de l'élément électriquement conducteur électrique, ou une couche sous forme de ruban enroulé autour de l'élément électriquement conducteur électrique, ou une couche sous forme de vernis déposé autour de l'élément électriquement conducteur électrique, ou une de leurs combinaisons.The semiconductive polymeric layer may be a layer extruded around the electrically conductive element, or a layer in the form of a ribbon wound around the electrically conductive element, or a layer in the form of varnish deposited around the element electrically conductive, or a combination thereof.

On entend plus particulièrement par « couche semi-conductrice » une couche dont la conductivité électrique est comprise entre 1×10-9 S.m-1 et 1×105 S.m-1, à température ambiante (25°C), de préférence entre 0,01 S.m-1et 25,0 S.m-1, et de façon particulièrement préférée entre 1,0 et 16,0 S.m-1.More particularly, the term "semiconducting layer" means a layer whose electrical conductivity is between 1×10 -9 Sm -1 and 1×10 5 Sm -1 , at room temperature (25°C), preferably between 0 .01 Sm -1 and 25.0 Sm -1 , and particularly preferably between 1.0 and 16.0 Sm -1 .

Le câble électrique de l'invention comprend :
b. une couche polymérique semi-conductrice, telle que définie dans l'invention, entourant la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante.The electrical cable of the invention comprises:
b. a semiconductive polymeric layer, as defined in the invention, surrounding the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer.

Le câble électrique de l'invention peut comprendre :

  1. a. une couche polymérique semi-conductrice, telle que définie dans la présente description, entourant l'élément électriquement conducteur allongé, et positionnée entre ce dernier et la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante.
The electrical cable of the invention may comprise:
  1. has. a semiconductive polymeric layer, as defined in the present description, surrounding the elongated electrically conductive element, and positioned between the latter and the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer.

La première et la deuxième couches polymériques semi-conductrices peuvent être des couches identiques ou différentes.The first and the second semiconductive polymeric layers can be identical or different layers.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier selon a, la couche polymérique semi-conductrice peut être directement en contact physique d'une part avec la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante, et d'autre part avec l'élément électriquement conducteur.In a particular embodiment according to a, the semiconductive polymeric layer can be directly in physical contact on the one hand with the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer, and on the other hand with the electrically conductive element.

La couche polymérique semi-conductrice de l'invention peut être avantageusement une couche non réticulée, et plus particulièrement une couche thermoplastique, notamment frittée ou non frittée.The semiconducting polymer layer of the invention can advantageously be a non-crosslinked layer, and more particularly a thermoplastic layer, in particular sintered or non-sintered.

Dans un câble électrique selon l'invention, qui comprend au moins une couche polymérique semi-conductrice, l'épaisseur totale de l'ensemble des couches polymériques fluorées électriquement isolantes est d'au moins 0,10 mm. Ainsi, l'épaisseur totale ne prend pas en compte l'épaisseur du ou des couches polymériques semi-conductrices.In an electric cable according to the invention, which comprises at least one semi-conductive polymer layer, the total thickness of all the electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layers is at least 0.10 mm. Thus, the total thickness does not take into account the thickness of the semiconducting polymer layer or layers.

L'épaisseur totale de l'ensemble des couches polymérique fluorées électriquement isolantes du câble électrique de l'invention est d'au plus 0,70 mm.The total thickness of all the electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layers of the electric cable of the invention is at most 0.70 mm.

Ainsi, la présence d'au moins une couche polymérique semi-conductrice permet avantageusement d'abaisser l'épaisseur minimum du ou des couches polymériques fluorées électriquement isolantes, tout en limitant les décharges partielles.Thus, the presence of at least one semi-conductive polymer layer advantageously makes it possible to lower the minimum thickness of the electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layer or layers, while limiting partial discharges.

Dans un mode de réalisation avantageux, toutes les couches constitutives du câble électrique de l'invention entourent coaxialement l'élément électriquement conducteur allongé.In an advantageous embodiment, all the constituent layers of the electric cable of the invention coaxially surround the elongated electrically conductive element.

L'élément électriquement conducteur allongé convenant selon l'invention est par exemple du type massif ou multibrin, et peut être en cuivre (Cu), en alliage de cuivre étamé, en alliage de cuivre argenté, en alliage de cuivre nickelé, en aluminium (Al), en aluminium nickelé, en aluminium cuivré et nickelé (bien connu sous l'anglicisme « nickel plated copper clad aluminum »). The elongated electrically conductive element suitable according to the invention is for example of the solid or multi-strand type, and can be made of copper (Cu), tinned copper alloy, silver-plated copper alloy, nickel-plated copper alloy, aluminum ( Al), nickel-plated aluminum, copper-plated and nickel-plated aluminum (well known as " nickel plated copper clad aluminum").

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, toutes les couches constitutives du câble de l'invention sont des couches non réticulées, et plus particulièrement des couches thermoplastiques, notamment frittées ou non frittées.In a particular embodiment, all the constituent layers of the cable of the invention are non-crosslinked layers, and more particularly thermoplastic layers, in particular sintered or unsintered.

Dans la présente invention, l'élément électriquement conducteur allongé peut être positionné au centre du câble électrique.In the present invention, the elongated electrically conductive element can be positioned in the center of the electrical cable.

De préférence, la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante, et optionnellement la couche semi-conductrice lorsqu'elle existe, peuvent être positionnées coaxialement autour de l'élément électriquement conducteur allongé.Preferably, the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer, and optionally the semiconductor layer when it exists, can be positioned coaxially around the elongated electrically conductive element.

De façon particulièrement préférée, toutes les couches constitutives du câble électrique de la présente invention peuvent être positionnées coaxialement autour de l'élément électriquement conducteur allongé.In a particularly preferred way, all the constituent layers of the electrical cable of the present invention can be positioned coaxially around the elongated electrically conductive element.

Le câble électrique de l'invention peut comprendre en outre un écran métallique entourant la deuxième couche polymérique semi-conductrice.The electrical cable of the invention may further comprise a metal screen surrounding the second semi-conductive polymer layer.

Cet écran métallique peut être un écran dit « filaire », composé d'un ensemble de conducteurs à base de cuivre ou d'aluminium, arrangé autour et le long de la deuxième couche polymérique semi-conductrice, un écran dit « rubané » composé d'un ou de plusieurs rubans métalliques conducteurs posé(s) en hélice autour de la deuxième couche polymérique semi-conductrice, ou d'un écran dit « étanche » de type tube métallique entourant la deuxième couche polymérique semi-conductrice. Ce dernier type d'écran permet notamment de faire barrière à l'humidité ayant tendance à pénétrer le câble électrique en direction radiale.This metallic screen can be a so-called "wired" screen, composed of a set of conductors based on copper or aluminum, arranged around and along the second semi-conductive polymeric layer, a so-called "ribboned" screen composed of one or more conductive metal strips placed in a helix around the second semi-conductive polymer layer, or a so-called “sealed” screen of the metal tube type surrounding the second semi-conductive polymer layer. This last type of screen makes it possible in particular to act as a barrier to moisture tending to penetrate the electrical cable in a radial direction.

Tous les types d'écran métalliques peuvent jouer le rôle de mise à la terre du câble électrique et peuvent ainsi transporter des courants de défaut, par exemple en cas de court-circuit dans le réseau concerné.All types of metallic screen can play the role of earthing the electric cable and can thus carry fault currents, for example in the event of a short-circuit in the network concerned.

En outre, le câble électrique de l'invention peut comprendre une gaine de protection entourant la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante, cette gaine de protection étant de préférence la couche la plus à l'extérieur du câble électrique de l'invention afin de pouvoir notamment visualiser directement les informations susceptibles d'être marquées dessus.In addition, the electrical cable of the invention may comprise a protective sheath surrounding the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer, this protective sheath preferably being the outermost layer of the electrical cable of the invention in order to be able in particular directly visualize the information likely to be marked on it.

Ladite gaine de protection peut donc être apte à être marquée.Said protective sheath can therefore be suitable for being marked.

Bien entendu, si le câble électrique selon l'invention comprend une couche polymérique semi-conductrice entourant la couche polymère fluorée électriquement isolante, ladite gaine de protection entoure de préférence ladite couche polymérique semi-conductrice.Of course, if the electric cable according to the invention comprises a semi-conductive polymer layer surrounding the electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layer, said protective sheath preferably surrounds said semi-conductive polymer layer.

La gaine de protection peut être une couche à base de polymère fluoré (comme par exemple du type PTFE, FEP, PFA et/ou ETFE) et/ou de polyimide. D'autres matériaux bien connus de l'homme du métier dans le domaine de l'aéronautique peuvent bien entendu être utilisés. Ladite couche extérieure peut être sous forme d'un ruban, d'un extrudât ou d'un vernis.The protective sheath can be a layer based on fluorinated polymer (such as, for example, of the PTFE, FEP, PFA and/or ETFE type) and/or polyimide. Other materials well known to those skilled in the art in the field of aeronautics can of course be used. Said outer layer can be in the form of a tape, an extrudate or a varnish.

Dans la présente invention, ladite gaine de protection ne pourrait notamment être considérée comme une couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante telle que définie dans l'invention, notamment pour le calcul des épaisseurs dans la première variante et dans la deuxième variante de l'invention.In the present invention, said protective sheath could not in particular be considered as an electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer as defined in the invention, in particular for the calculation of the thicknesses in the first variant and in the second variant of the invention.

Le câble électrique de l'invention est plus particulièrement destiné à être utilisé dans le domaine de l'aéronautique, notamment de l'ordre de 230 V en courant alternatif, ou de l'ordre de ± 270 V en courant continu.The electrical cable of the invention is more particularly intended for use in the field of aeronautics, in particular of the order of 230 V in alternating current, or of the order of ±270 V in direct current.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lumière des figures annotées, lesdites figures étant données à titre illustratif.

  • La figure 1 représente une vue schématique en coupe transversale d'un câble électrique selon un mode de réalisation particulier conforme à l'invention.
  • La figure 2 représente une vue schématique semi-éclaté en perspective d'un câble électrique selon un autre mode de réalisation particulier conforme à l'invention.
Other characteristics and advantages of the present invention will appear in the light of the annotated figures, said figures being given by way of illustration.
  • The figure 1 represents a schematic cross-sectional view of an electric cable according to a particular embodiment in accordance with the invention.
  • The figure 2 represents a schematic semi-exploded view in perspective of an electric cable according to another particular embodiment in accordance with the invention.

Pour des raisons de clarté, seuls les éléments essentiels pour la compréhension de l'invention ont été représentés de manière schématique, et ceci sans respect de l'échelle.For reasons of clarity, only the essential elements for the understanding of the invention have been represented schematically, and this without respecting the scale.

Le fil de câblage (« hook up wire ») ou le câble électrique de puissance 1, représenté sur la figure 1, comprend :

  • un élément électriquement conducteur 2 central, notamment en cuivre ou en aluminium, de type multibrins,
  • une première couche polymérique fluorée semi-conductrice 3, sous forme de ruban, entourant ledit élément conducteur 2,
  • une couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante 4, extrudée, entourant la première couche 3, et
  • une deuxième couche polymérique fluorée semi-conductrice 5, sous forme de ruban, entourant ladite couche 4.
The wiring wire (" hook up wire") or electrical power cable 1, shown in the figure 1 , understand :
  • a central electrically conductive element 2, in particular made of copper or aluminum, of the multi-strand type,
  • a first semiconductor fluorinated polymeric layer 3, in the form of a ribbon, surrounding said conductive element 2,
  • an electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer 4, extruded, surrounding the first layer 3, and
  • a second semiconductor fluorinated polymeric layer 5, in the form of a ribbon, surrounding said layer 4.

La couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante 4 est directement en contact physique avec la première et la deuxième couches semi-conductrices 3, 5.The electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layer 4 is directly in physical contact with the first and the second semi-conducting layers 3, 5.

La couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante 4 est une couche de PTFE extrudée, obtenue à partir de la poudre de PTFE commercialisée par la société DUPONT, sous la référence CFP 6000 N.The electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer 4 is an extruded PTFE layer, obtained from the PTFE powder marketed by the company DUPONT, under the reference CFP 6000 N.

Bien entendu, d'autres types de polymère fluoré peuvent être utilisés, tels que :

  • le FEP commercialisé par la société DAIKIN, sous la référence NEOFLON NP20 ;
  • le PFA commercialisé par la société DYNEON, sous la référence 6515 TZ ; ou
  • l'ETFE commercialisé par la société DAIKIN, sous la référence NEOFLON EP541.
Of course, other types of fluoropolymer can be used, such as:
  • the FEP marketed by the company DAIKIN, under the reference NEOFLON NP20;
  • the PFA marketed by the company DYNEON, under the reference 6515 TZ; Where
  • ETFE marketed by the company DAIKIN, under the reference NEOFLON EP541.

Ces polymères sont des polymères thermoplastiques et peuvent être extrudés facilement par des techniques bien connues de l'homme du métier.These polymers are thermoplastic polymers and can be easily extruded by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.

La première et la deuxième couches polymériques semi-conductrices sont des rubans de PTFE, commercialisée par la société SAINT-GOBAIN, sous la référence DF1400-2F, ayant une épaisseur initiale de 60 µm.The first and the second semi-conductive polymeric layers are PTFE tapes, marketed by the company SAINT-GOBAIN, under the reference DF1400-2F, having an initial thickness of 60 μm.

Pour réaliser le câble électrique de la figure 1, on enroule tout d'abord hélicoïdalement un premier ruban de PTFE autour de l'élément électriquement conducteur 2 pour former la première couche polymérique semi-conductrice 3. La première couche polymérique semi-conductrice 3 ainsi formée peut comprendre plusieurs enroulements d'un même ruban afin d'en augmenter son épaisseur.To make the electric cable of the figure 1 , a first PTFE tape is first wound helically around the electrically conductive element 2 to form the first semiconductive polymeric layer 3. The first semiconductive polymeric layer 3 thus formed may comprise several windings of the same tape to increase its thickness.

Après avoir formé une préforme de type jonc à partir de la poudre de PTFE, on extrude ladite préforme autour de la première couche semi-conductrice 3, pour former la couche électriquement isolante extrudée 4 de PTFE L'épaisseur de la couche électriquement isolante extrudée 4 peut être comprise entre 0,10 et 0,70 mm.After having formed a reed-type preform from the PTFE powder, said preform is extruded around the first semiconductor layer 3, to form the extruded electrically insulating layer 4 of PTFE The thickness of the extruded electrically insulating layer 4 can be between 0.10 and 0.70 mm.

Enfin, on enroule hélicoïdalement un deuxième ruban de PTFE autour de la couche électriquement isolante extrudée 4 de PTFE pour former la deuxième couche polymérique semi-conductrice 5. La deuxième couche polymérique semi-conductrice 5 ainsi formée peut comprendre plusieurs enroulements d'un même ruban afin d'en augmenter son épaisseur.Finally, a second tape of PTFE is wound helically around the electrically insulating extruded layer 4 of PTFE to form the second semiconductive polymeric layer 5. The second semiconductive polymeric layer 5 thus formed may comprise several windings of the same tape to increase its thickness.

Les couches polymériques semi-conductrices 3,5 de PTFE peuvent être frittées. Le frittage est classiquement réalisé en traitant thermiquement (e.g. en utilisant par exemple un four) les couches rubanées de PTFE à une température supérieure à 340°C.The 3.5 semiconductive polymeric layers of PTFE can be sintered. Sintering is conventionally carried out by heat treating (e.g. using for example an oven) the banded layers of PTFE at a temperature above 340°C.

Le frittage de la première et de la deuxième couches polymériques semi-conductrices de PTFE peut être réalisé selon différentes variantes.The sintering of the first and of the second semi-conductive polymeric layers of PTFE can be carried out according to different variants.

Selon une première variante, la première couche polymérique semi-conductrice 3 de PTFE est frittée avant le positionnement de la couche électriquement isolante 4, puis la deuxième couche polymérique semi-conductrice 5 de PTFE est frittée une fois rubanée autour de la couche électriquement isolante 4.According to a first variant, the first semiconductor polymeric layer 3 of PTFE is sintered before the positioning of the layer electrically insulating layer 4, then the second semi-conductive polymeric layer 5 of PTFE is sintered once wrapped around the electrically insulating layer 4.

Selon une deuxième variante, le frittage n'est réalisé qu'une fois la première et la deuxième couches polymériques semi-conductrices 3,5 de PTFE positionnées.According to a second variant, the sintering is carried out only once the first and the second semi-conducting polymeric layers 3.5 of PTFE have been positioned.

Le câble électrique 1', illustré dans la figure 2, est le câble électrique de la figure 1, comprenant en outre un écran métallique 6 de mise à la terre et/ou de protection entourant la deuxième couche polymérique fluorée semi-conductrice 5, et une gaine de protection 7 entourant l'écran métallique 6.The 1' electric cable, illustrated in the figure 2 , is the electrical cable of the figure 1 , further comprising a metal screen 6 for grounding and/or protection surrounding the second semi-conductive fluorinated polymeric layer 5, and a protective sheath 7 surrounding the metal screen 6.

Claims (12)

  1. An electrical cable (1) comprising:
    - an elongated electrically conductive element (2),
    - at least one fluorinated polymeric electrically insulating layer (4), surrounding said electrically conductive element (2), and
    - one or more polymeric semiconductor layers (3, 5),
    characterized in that:
    - the electrical cable (1) is free of any layer containing polyimide between said electrically conductive layer (2) and said fluorinated polymeric electrically insulating layer (4),
    - the total thickness of the set of fluorinated polymeric electrically insulating layers is at least 0.10 mm and at most 0.70 mm,
    - the polymeric semiconductor layer(s) (3, 5) comprise one or several electrically conductive charges, and have an electrical conductivity of between 1.10-9 and 1.105 S.m-1 (25°C), and
    - the electrical cable comprises a polymeric semiconductor layer (5) surrounding the fluorinated polymeric electrically insulating layer (4).
  2. The electrical cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the fluorinated polymeric electrically insulating layer (4) is a non-cross-linked layer.
  3. The electrical cable according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrical cable is free of any layer containing polyimide.
  4. The electrical cable according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fluorinated polymeric electrically insulating layer (4) is an extruded layer.
  5. The electrical cable according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fluorinated polymeric electrically insulating layer (4) comprises at least one fluorinated polymer, chosen from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); fluorinated ethylene and propylene (FEP) copolymers; perfluoro alkoxy (PFA) copolymers; perfluoro methoxy (MFA) copolymers; and poly(ethylene-co-tetra fluoroethylene) (ETFE).
  6. The electrical cable according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fluorinated polymeric electrically insulating layer (4) is in direct physical contact with the electrically conductive element (2).
  7. The electrical cable according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it further comprises a polymeric semiconductor layer (3) surrounding the elongated electrically conductive element (2), the fluorinated polymeric electrically insulating layer (4) surrounding said polymeric semiconductor layer (3).
  8. The electrical cable according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the polymeric semiconductor layer(s) (3, 5) comprise at least one fluorinated polymer.
  9. The electrical cable according to claim 8, characterized in that the fluorinated polymer of the polymeric semiconductor layer (3, 5) is chosen from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); fluorinated ethylene and propylene (FEP) copolymers; perfluoro alkoxy (PFA) copolymers; perfluoro methoxy (MFA) copolymers; and poly(ethylene-co-tetra fluoroethylene) (ETFE).
  10. The electrical cable according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the semiconductor layer (3, 5) comprises at least 0.1 % by weight of electrically conductive filler.
  11. The electrical cable according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fluorinated polymeric electrically insulating layer (4) is not obtained from a composition containing a cross-linking agent.
  12. The electrical cable according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it is intended to be used in the aeronautics field and to operate at a voltage of the order of 230 V in alternating current or of the order of ± 270 V in direct current.
EP14154578.0A 2013-02-12 2014-02-11 Electric cable resistant to partial discharges Active EP2765581B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR1351178A FR3002076B1 (en) 2013-02-12 2013-02-12 ELECTRIC CABLE RESISTANT TO PARTIAL DISCHARGES

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Publication Number Publication Date
EP2765581A1 EP2765581A1 (en) 2014-08-13
EP2765581B1 true EP2765581B1 (en) 2022-11-30

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US (1) US9362019B2 (en)
EP (1) EP2765581B1 (en)
CN (1) CN103985438B (en)
ES (1) ES2938330T3 (en)
FR (1) FR3002076B1 (en)

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CN106448846A (en) * 2016-12-12 2017-02-22 广州凯恒特种电线电缆有限公司 Fluoropolymer wire and cable and preparation thereof
CN106782801A (en) * 2016-12-12 2017-05-31 广州凯恒特种电线电缆有限公司 A kind of Aero-Space special wire cable and preparation method thereof
FR3110765B1 (en) * 2020-05-20 2023-02-10 Nexans cable having improved corrosion resistance
FR3113979A1 (en) * 2020-09-04 2022-03-11 Nexans Electric cable limiting partial discharges
FR3113978A1 (en) * 2020-09-04 2022-03-11 Nexans Electric cable for the aeronautical field
FR3123138A1 (en) * 2021-05-21 2022-11-25 Nexans Electric cable limiting partial discharges

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN103985438B (en) 2018-03-09
US20140224521A1 (en) 2014-08-14
US9362019B2 (en) 2016-06-07
EP2765581A1 (en) 2014-08-13
CN103985438A (en) 2014-08-13
ES2938330T3 (en) 2023-04-10
FR3002076A1 (en) 2014-08-15
FR3002076B1 (en) 2022-11-11

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