EP2765581A1 - Electric cable resistant to partial discharges - Google Patents

Electric cable resistant to partial discharges Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2765581A1
EP2765581A1 EP14154578.0A EP14154578A EP2765581A1 EP 2765581 A1 EP2765581 A1 EP 2765581A1 EP 14154578 A EP14154578 A EP 14154578A EP 2765581 A1 EP2765581 A1 EP 2765581A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
layer
polymeric layer
electrical cable
electrically insulating
fluorinated
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EP14154578.0A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP2765581B1 (en
Inventor
Hakim Janah
Thiery Daumand
Virak Phul
Patrick Rybski
Pascal Clouet
Wilfried Lecluse
Rui Manuel Da Silva
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Nexans SA
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Nexans SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/44—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins
    • H01B3/443—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds
    • H01B3/445—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes vinyl resins; acrylic resins from vinylhalogenides or other halogenoethylenic compounds from vinylfluorides or other fluoroethylenic compounds
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B7/00—Insulated conductors or cables characterised by their form
    • H01B7/17—Protection against damage caused by external factors, e.g. sheaths or armouring
    • H01B7/29—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame
    • H01B7/292—Protection against damage caused by extremes of temperature or by flame using material resistant to heat

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to an electric cable, and typically but not exclusively applies to electrical cables used in aeronautics, for example on board aircraft.
  • This type of electrical cable must satisfy many criteria necessary for its use in aeronautics, especially when it is subjected to high voltages, of the order of 230 V ac, or of the order of ⁇ 270 V in direct current, and when located in non-pressurized areas.
  • partial discharges can generate partial discharges (DP) on electronic equipment, such as electrical cables.
  • partial discharges which are tiny electric arcs in the electrically insulating material of the cable, cause over time, a degradation of the electrically insulating material that can lead to breakage.
  • the document EP 1 498 909 relates to a multilayer insulation whose function is to isolate and / or protect electrically conductive materials, such as cables for aeronautics.
  • This insulation comprises successively around the electrical element to be protected, a first layer of polyimide (PI), a second layer of perfluoro (alkylvinyl ether) / tetrafluoroethylene (PFA) copolymer, and optionally a outer layer of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE).
  • the thickness of the IP layer ranges from 8 to 150 ⁇ m and the PTFE thickness ranges from 1 to 200 ⁇ m.
  • the resistance to partial discharges of an electric cable surrounded by this multilayer insulation is also not optimized for high voltages, such as of the order of 230 V ac, or of the order of ⁇ 270 V in direct current.
  • the object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the techniques of the prior art by providing an electrical cable resistant to partial discharges, especially when the electrical cable is intended for the field of aeronautics and undergoes during a flight, high temperatures (around 150 ° C) and low pressures (around 150 mbar)
  • the electrical cable of the invention does not comprise a layer containing polyimide surrounding the electrically conductive element and positioned between said electrically conductive element and said electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer.
  • the electrical cable is free of polyimide-containing layer (surrounding said electrically conductive member).
  • layer containing polyimide means a layer of polyimide, such as in particular that described in document EP-1 498 909 .
  • a polyimide is an organic polymer having imide groups in its macromolecular chain.
  • the removal of the layer or layers of the prior art containing polyimide, surrounding the electrically conductive element advantageously makes it possible to increase the resistance of said cable to partial discharges and whatever the diameter of the cable, to improve the resistance to moisture, and to improve the resistance to electric arc propagation.
  • the polyimide layer of the prior art is typically used in ribbon form, and is wound helically around the elongated electrically conductive member, an electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer surrounding this layer of ribboned polyimide. Therefore, the positioning of the polyimide layer in the form of ribbon creates voids, on the one hand between the electrically conductive element and the ribbon, and on the other hand between the fluorinated polymeric layer and the ribbon, these voids not being vulnerable to partial discharge.
  • electrically insulating layer means a layer whose electrical conductivity is less than 1x10 -9 S. m -1 (siemens per meter), at room temperature (25 ° C.).
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer of the invention comprises at least one fluorinated polymer, especially chosen from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); copolymers of fluorinated ethylene and propylene (FEP), for example poly (tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene); perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) copolymers such as, for example, perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) / tetrafluoroethylene copolymers; perfluoro methoxy (MFA) copolymers; and poly (ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE); or one of their combinations.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • FEP fluorinated ethylene and propylene
  • PFA perfluoroalkoxy copolymers
  • MFA perfluoro methoxy copolymers
  • ETFE poly (ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene)
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer is a PTFE layer.
  • PTFE can be generally extruded by techniques well known to those skilled in the art, in particular by extrusion of paste, better known under the Anglicism " paste extrusion ".
  • paste extrusion Prior to this extrusion of paste, a preform is conventionally made from PTFE powder, said preform then being extruded.
  • the PTFE layer may further be sintered by techniques well known to those skilled in the art
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer may comprise at least 50% by weight of fluorinated compound (s), preferably at least 70% by weight of fluorinated compound (s), and even more preferred at least 80% by weight of fluorinated compound (s), and even more preferably 90% by weight of fluorinated compound (s).
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer is an extruded layer.
  • all the electrically insulating fluoropolymeric layers constituting the electrical cable of the invention are extruded layers.
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer may be in direct physical contact with the electrically conductive element.
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer of the invention may advantageously be a non-crosslinked layer, and more particularly a thermoplastic layer, in particular sintered or unsintered.
  • non-crosslinked layer means a layer which has not undergone a crosslinking step by techniques well known to those skilled in the art, in particular the non-crosslinked layer of the invention has not not obtained from a composition containing a crosslinking agent.
  • the non-crosslinked layer or layers in the present invention advantageously make it possible to use a very wide panel of fluoropolymers and thus to obtain an electric cable capable of withstanding high operating temperatures, in particular of at least 200 ° C., or even of 250 ° C or more.
  • the use of non-crosslinked layer (s) can significantly reduce production costs.
  • the electrical cable of the invention may further comprise at least one semiconductive polymeric layer, said semiconductive polymeric layer preferably comprising at least one fluorinated polymer.
  • the semiconductive polymeric layer of the invention may comprise at least one fluorinated polymer, especially chosen from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); copolymers of fluorinated ethylene and propylene (FEP), for example poly (tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene); perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) copolymers such as, for example, perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) / tetrafluoroethylene copolymers; perfluoro methoxy (MFA) copolymers; and poly (ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE); or one of their combinations.
  • PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene
  • FEP fluorinated ethylene and propylene
  • PFA perfluoroalkoxy copolymers
  • MFA perfluoro methoxy copolymers
  • ETFE poly (ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene)
  • the semiconductive polymeric layer may comprise at least 50% by weight of fluorinated compound (s), preferably at least 70% by weight of fluorinated compound (s), and even more preferred at least 80% by weight of fluorinated compound (s), and even more preferably 90% by weight of fluorinated compound (s).
  • the semiconductive polymeric layer of the invention may conventionally comprise one or more electrically conductive charges in an amount sufficient to render the semiconductor layer.
  • it may comprise at least 0.1% by weight of charge (s) electrically conductive (s), preferably at least 5% by weight of charge (s) electrically conductive (s), preferably at less than 10% by weight of electrically conductive charge (s), preferably at least 15% by weight of electrically conductive charge (s), and preferably at least 20% by weight of charge (s) electrically conductor (s).
  • the maximum amount in the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer may be at most 40% by weight of electrically conductive filler (s).
  • An example of an electrically conductive filler is carbon black, carbon nanotubes, etc.
  • the semiconductive polymeric layer may be an extruded layer around the electrical electrically conductive member, or a ribbon layer wrapped around the electrically conductive electrical member, or a varnish layer deposited around the element. electrically conductive electric, or a combination thereof.
  • semiconductor layer means a layer whose electrical conductivity is generally between 1x10 -9 Sm -1 and 1x10 5 Sm -1 , at ambient temperature (25 ° C.), preferably between 0.01 Sm. -1 and 25.0 Sm -1 , and particularly preferably between 1.0 and 16.0 Sm -1 .
  • the first and second polymeric semiconductor layers may be identical or different layers.
  • the semiconductive polymeric layer can be directly in physical contact with the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer and with the electrically conductive element.
  • the semiconductive polymeric layer of the invention may advantageously be a non-crosslinked layer, and more particularly a thermoplastic layer, in particular sintered or unsintered.
  • the total thickness of the set of electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layers of the electrical cable of the invention is at least 0.40 mm, and preferably at least 0.50 mm.
  • the total thickness of the set of electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layers of the electrical cable of the invention may be at most 0.70 mm.
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer can be in direct physical contact with the electrically conductive element.
  • the total thickness of the set of electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layers is at least 0.10 mm.
  • the total thickness does not take into account the thickness of the semiconductor polymer layer or layers.
  • the total thickness of the set of electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layers of the electrical cable of the invention may be at most 0.70 mm.
  • the presence of at least one semiconductive polymeric layer advantageously makes it possible to lower the minimum thickness of the electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layer (s) while limiting the partial discharges.
  • all the constituent layers of the electrical cable of the invention coaxially surround the elongated electrically conductive element.
  • the elongated electrically conductive element that is suitable for the invention is, for example, of the solid or multi-strand type, and may be of copper (Cu), of tin-plated copper alloy, of silver-plated copper alloy, of nickel-plated copper alloy, of aluminum (Al), nickel-plated aluminum, copper-plated aluminum and nickel-plated (well known under the anglicism " nickel plated copper clad aluminum ").
  • all the constituent layers of the cable of the invention are non-reticulated layers, and in particular partially thermoplastic layers, in particular sintered or unsintered layers.
  • the elongated electrically conductive member may be positioned in the center of the electrical cable.
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer, and optionally the semiconductor layer when it exists can be positioned coaxially around the elongate electrically conductive member.
  • all the constituent layers of the electrical cable of the present invention can be positioned coaxially around the elongated electrically conductive element.
  • the electrical cable of the invention may further comprise a metal screen surrounding the second semiconductive polymeric layer.
  • This metal screen may be a so-called “wired” screen, consisting of a set of conductors based on copper or aluminum, arranged around and along the second polymeric semiconductor layer, a screen called “tape” composed of one or more conductive metal strips laid helically around the second semiconductive polymeric layer, or a so-called “sealed” type metal screen surrounding the second semiconductive polymeric layer.
  • This last type of screen makes it possible moisture barrier tending to penetrate the electrical cable radially.
  • All types of metal screens can act as grounding of the electric cable and can carry fault currents, for example in the event of a short circuit in the network concerned.
  • the electrical cable of the invention may comprise a protective sheath surrounding the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer, this protective sheath preferably being the outermost layer of the electrical cable of the invention in order to be able to directly view the information that can be marked on it.
  • Said protective sheath may therefore be able to be marked.
  • the electric cable according to the invention comprises a semiconductive polymer layer surrounding the electrically insulating fluoropolymer layer
  • said protective sheath preferably surrounds said semiconductive polymer layer.
  • the protective sheath may be a fluoropolymer-based layer (such as, for example, PTFE, FEP, PFA and / or ETFE) and / or polyimide. Other materials well known to those skilled in the field of aeronautics can of course be used.
  • Said outer layer may be in the form of a ribbon, an extrudate or a varnish.
  • said protective sheath could in particular be considered as an electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer as defined in the invention, in particular for the calculation of the thicknesses in the first variant and in the second variant of the invention.
  • the electrical cable of the invention is more particularly intended to be used in the field of aeronautics, in particular of the order of 230 V AC, or of the order of ⁇ 270 V DC.
  • the figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electric cable according to a particular embodiment according to the invention.
  • the figure 2 represents a schematic semi-exploded perspective view of an electric cable according to another particular embodiment according to the invention.
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer 4 is in direct physical contact with the first and second semiconductor layers 3,5.
  • the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer 4 is an extruded PTFE layer, obtained from the PTFE powder marketed by DUPONT under the reference CFP 6000 N.
  • thermoplastic polymers are thermoplastic polymers and can be extruded easily by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.
  • the first and second polymeric semiconductor layers are PTFE ribbons, sold by the company SAINT-GOBAIN, under the reference DF1400-2F, having an initial thickness of 60 microns.
  • the first semiconductor polymer layer 3 thus formed may comprise a plurality of coils of the same ribbon to increase its thickness.
  • the thickness of the electrically insulating layer 4 extruded may be between 0.10 and 0.70 mm.
  • a second PTFE ribbon is wound helically around the extruded electrically insulating layer 4 of PTFE to form the second semiconductive polymeric layer 5.
  • the second semiconductive polymeric layer 5 thus formed may comprise several coils of the same ribbon to increase its thickness.
  • the 3.5 PTFE semiconductive polymeric layers can be sintered. Sintering is conventionally performed by thermally treating (e.g., using, for example, an oven) the PTFE banded layers at a temperature greater than 340 ° C.
  • the sintering of the first and second polymeric semiconductor PTFE layers can be carried out according to different variants.
  • the first PTFE semiconductive polymer layer 3 is sintered before the positioning of the layer. electrically insulating 4, then the second semiconductive polymeric layer of PTFE is sintered once banded around the electrically insulating layer 4.
  • the sintering is carried out only once the first and second polymeric semiconducting layers 3.5 of PTFE are positioned.
  • the electric cable 1 ' illustrated in the figure 2 , is the electric cable of the figure 1 , further comprising a metal screen 6 for grounding and / or protection surrounding the second fluorinated polymeric semiconductor layer 5, and a protective sheath 7 surrounding the metal screen 6.

Abstract

The cable (1) has an electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer (4) surrounding an elongated electrically conducting element (2), where the cable is free from a layer containing of polyimide between the conducting element and the polymeric layer. Two ribbon-shaped semiconductor fluorinated polymeric layers (3, 5) surround the conducting element, and the polymeric layer, respectively. The semiconductor layers are made of fluorinated polymer. The polymeric layer is an extruded layer, and surrounds one of the semiconductor layers.

Description

La présente invention se rapporte à un câble électrique, et s'applique typiquement mais non exclusivement aux câbles électriques utilisés en aéronautique, par exemple à bord des avions.The present invention relates to an electric cable, and typically but not exclusively applies to electrical cables used in aeronautics, for example on board aircraft.

Ce type de câble électrique doit satisfaire de nombreux critères nécessaires à son utilisation dans l'aéronautique, notamment lorsqu'il est soumis à des tensions élevées, de l'ordre de 230 V en courant alternatif, ou de l'ordre de ±270 V en courant continu, et lorsqu'il est situé dans les zones non pressurisées.This type of electrical cable must satisfy many criteria necessary for its use in aeronautics, especially when it is subjected to high voltages, of the order of 230 V ac, or of the order of ± 270 V in direct current, and when located in non-pressurized areas.

Ces tensions relativement élevées, combinées aux contraintes liées à l'aéronautique, telles que l'humidité, la température élevée et la basse pression, peuvent générer des décharges partielles (DP) sur les équipements électroniques, tels que les câbles électriques. Or, les décharges partielles, qui sont de minuscules arcs électriques dans le matériau électriquement isolant du câble, provoquent avec le temps, une dégradation du matériau électriquement isolant qui peut mener à sa rupture.These relatively high voltages, combined with aeronautical constraints, such as humidity, high temperature and low pressure, can generate partial discharges (DP) on electronic equipment, such as electrical cables. However, partial discharges, which are tiny electric arcs in the electrically insulating material of the cable, cause over time, a degradation of the electrically insulating material that can lead to breakage.

D'autres critères peuvent également être pris en compte comme le poids et le diamètre dudit câble qui ne doivent pas être excessifs, et la marquabilité dudit câble afin de permettre, quand cela est nécessaire, son identification.Other criteria may also be taken into account such as the weight and diameter of said cable which must not be excessive, and the markability of said cable to allow, when necessary, its identification.

Dans l'art antérieur, il est connu d'équiper les avions de fils de câblage, ces fils comprenant un élément conducteur entouré d'une première couche de polyimide de 0,017 à 0,065 mm d'épaisseur, elle-même entourée d'une couche de polytétrafluoroéthylène PTFE d'une épaisseur de 0,1 à 0,22 mm pour des sections nominales de conducteur allant de 0,15 à 120 mm2. Toutefois, pour de tels fils de câblages, la tension appliquée est de l'ordre de 115 V.In the prior art, it is known to equip the aircraft with wiring son, these son comprising a conductive element surrounded by a first layer of polyimide 0.017 to 0.065 mm thick, itself surrounded by a layer of PTFE polytetrafluoroethylene with a thickness of 0.1 to 0.22 mm for conductor nominal sections ranging from 0.15 to 120 mm 2 . However, for such wiring son, the applied voltage is of the order of 115 V.

Le document EP 1 498 909 concerne une isolation multicouche ayant pour fonction d'isoler et/ ou de protéger des matériaux conducteurs électriques, tels que des câbles pour l'aéronautique. Cette isolation comprend successivement autour de l'élément électrique à protéger, une première couche de polyimide (PI), une deuxième couche de copolymère perfluoro(alkylvinyléther)/tétrafluoroéthylène (PFA), et éventuellement une couche externe de polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE). L'épaisseur de la couche de PI va de 8 à 150 µm et l'épaisseur de PTFE va de 1 à 200 µm. Toutefois, la résistance aux décharges partielles d'un câble électrique entouré par cette isolation multicouche n'est pas non plus optimisée pour des tensions élevées, telles que de l'ordre de 230 V en courant alternatif, ou de l'ordre de ±270 V en courant continu.The document EP 1 498 909 relates to a multilayer insulation whose function is to isolate and / or protect electrically conductive materials, such as cables for aeronautics. This insulation comprises successively around the electrical element to be protected, a first layer of polyimide (PI), a second layer of perfluoro (alkylvinyl ether) / tetrafluoroethylene (PFA) copolymer, and optionally a outer layer of polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE). The thickness of the IP layer ranges from 8 to 150 μm and the PTFE thickness ranges from 1 to 200 μm. However, the resistance to partial discharges of an electric cable surrounded by this multilayer insulation is also not optimized for high voltages, such as of the order of 230 V ac, or of the order of ± 270 V in direct current.

Le but de la présente invention est de pallier les inconvénients des techniques de l'art antérieur en proposant un câble électrique résistant aux décharges partielles, notamment lorsque le câble électrique est destiné au domaine de l'aéronautique et subit lors d'un vol, des hautes températures (aux alentours de 150°C) et des basses pressions (environ 150 mbar)The object of the present invention is to overcome the drawbacks of the techniques of the prior art by providing an electrical cable resistant to partial discharges, especially when the electrical cable is intended for the field of aeronautics and undergoes during a flight, high temperatures (around 150 ° C) and low pressures (around 150 mbar)

La présente invention a pour objet un câble électrique comprenant :

  • un élément électriquement conducteur allongé, et
  • au moins une couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante, entourant ledit élément électriquement conducteur,
caractérisé en ce que le câble électrique est exempt de couche contenant du polyimide entre ledit élément électriquement conducteur et ladite couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante.The present invention relates to an electric cable comprising:
  • an elongated electrically conductive member, and
  • at least one electrically insulating fluoropolymeric layer surrounding said electrically conductive member,
characterized in that the electrical cable is free of a polyimide-containing layer between said electrically conductive member and said electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer.

Plus particulièrement, le câble électrique de l'invention ne comprend pas de couche contenant du polyimide entourant l'élément électriquement conducteur et positionnée entre ledit élément électriquement conducteur et ladite couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante.More particularly, the electrical cable of the invention does not comprise a layer containing polyimide surrounding the electrically conductive element and positioned between said electrically conductive element and said electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer.

De préférence, le câble électrique est exempt de couche contenant du polyimide (entourant ledit élément électriquement conducteur).Preferably, the electrical cable is free of polyimide-containing layer (surrounding said electrically conductive member).

Plus particulièrement, on entend par « couche contenant du polyimide » une couche de polyimide, telle que notamment celle décrite dans le document EP-1 498 909 . De façon générale, un polyimide est un polymère organique comportant des groupes imides dans sa chaîne macromoléculaire.More particularly, the term "layer containing polyimide" means a layer of polyimide, such as in particular that described in document EP-1 498 909 . In general, a polyimide is an organic polymer having imide groups in its macromolecular chain.

La Demanderesse a découvert de manière surprenante que, selon la présente invention, la suppression de la ou des couches de l'art antérieur contenant du polyimide, entourant l'élément électriquement conducteur, permet avantageusement d'augmenter la résistance dudit câble aux décharges partielles et ce quel que soit le diamètre du câble, d'améliorer la tenue à l'humidité, et d'améliorer la tenue à la propagation d'arc électrique.The Applicant has surprisingly discovered that, according to the present invention, the removal of the layer or layers of the prior art containing polyimide, surrounding the electrically conductive element, advantageously makes it possible to increase the resistance of said cable to partial discharges and whatever the diameter of the cable, to improve the resistance to moisture, and to improve the resistance to electric arc propagation.

Plus particulièrement, la couche de polyimide de l'art antérieur est typiquement utilisée sous forme de ruban, et est enroulée hélicoïdalement autour de l'élément électriquement conducteur allongé, une couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante entourant cette couche de polyimide rubanée. De ce fait, le positionnement de la couche de polyimide sous forme de ruban crée des vides, d'une part entre l'élément électriquement conducteur et le ruban, et d'autre part entre la couche polymérique fluorée et le ruban, ces vides n'étant pas f avorabl es à la tenue aux décharges partielles.More particularly, the polyimide layer of the prior art is typically used in ribbon form, and is wound helically around the elongated electrically conductive member, an electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer surrounding this layer of ribboned polyimide. Therefore, the positioning of the polyimide layer in the form of ribbon creates voids, on the one hand between the electrically conductive element and the ribbon, and on the other hand between the fluorinated polymeric layer and the ribbon, these voids not being vulnerable to partial discharge.

On entend par « couche électriquement isolante » une couche dont la conductivité électrique est inférieure à 1x10-9 S. m-1 (siemens par mètre), à température ambiante (25°C).The term "electrically insulating layer" means a layer whose electrical conductivity is less than 1x10 -9 S. m -1 (siemens per meter), at room temperature (25 ° C.).

La couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante de l'invention comprend au moins un polymère fluoré, notamment choisi parmi le polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE) ; les copolymères d'éthylène et de propylène fluorées (FEP) comme par exemple les poly(tétrafluoroéthylène-co-hexafluoropropylène) ; les copolymères perfluoro alkoxy (PFA) comme par exemple les copolymères perfluoro (alkyvinyléther)/tétrafluoroéthylène ; les copolymères perfluoro methoxy (MFA) ; et les poly(éthylène-co-tétra fluoroéthylène) (ETFE) ; ou une de leurs combinaisons.The electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer of the invention comprises at least one fluorinated polymer, especially chosen from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); copolymers of fluorinated ethylene and propylene (FEP), for example poly (tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene); perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) copolymers such as, for example, perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) / tetrafluoroethylene copolymers; perfluoro methoxy (MFA) copolymers; and poly (ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE); or one of their combinations.

De préférence, la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante est une couche de PTFE Le PTFE peut être généralement extrudé par des techniques bien connues de l'homme du métier, notamment par extrusion de pâte, mieux connue sous l'anglicisme « paste extrusion ». Préalablement à cette extrusion de pâte, une préforme est classiquement réalisée à partir de poudre de PTFE, ladite préforme étant alors extrudée. La couche de PTFE peut en outre être frittée par des techniques bien connues de l'homme du métierPreferably, the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer is a PTFE layer. PTFE can be generally extruded by techniques well known to those skilled in the art, in particular by extrusion of paste, better known under the Anglicism " paste extrusion ". Prior to this extrusion of paste, a preform is conventionally made from PTFE powder, said preform then being extruded. The PTFE layer may further be sintered by techniques well known to those skilled in the art

De préférence, la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante peut comprendre au moins 50%en poids de composé(s) fluoré(s), de préférence au moins 70 % en poids de composé(s) fluoré(s), et de manière encore plus préférée au moins 80%en poids de composé(s) fluoré(s), et de manière encore plus préférée 90%en poids de composé(s) fluoré(s).Preferably, the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer may comprise at least 50% by weight of fluorinated compound (s), preferably at least 70% by weight of fluorinated compound (s), and even more preferred at least 80% by weight of fluorinated compound (s), and even more preferably 90% by weight of fluorinated compound (s).

Afin d'optimiser la tenue aux décharges partielles, il est préférable que la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante soit une couche extrudée.In order to optimize the resistance to partial discharges, it is preferable that the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer is an extruded layer.

Plus particulièrement, toutes les couches polymériques fluorées électriquement isolantes constitutives du câble électrique de l'invention sont des couches extrudées.More particularly, all the electrically insulating fluoropolymeric layers constituting the electrical cable of the invention are extruded layers.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante peut être directement en contact physique avec l'élément électriquement conducteur.In a particular embodiment, the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer may be in direct physical contact with the electrically conductive element.

La couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante de l'invention peut être avantageusement une couche non réticulée, et plus particulièrement une couche thermoplastique, notamment frittée ou non frittée.The electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer of the invention may advantageously be a non-crosslinked layer, and more particularly a thermoplastic layer, in particular sintered or unsintered.

Dans la présente invention, on entend par « couche non réticulée » une couche qui n'a pas subi d'étape de réticulation par des techniques bien connues de l'homme du métier, notamment la couche non réticulée de l'invention n'a pas été obtenue à partir d'une composition contenant un agent de réticulation.In the present invention, the term "non-crosslinked layer" means a layer which has not undergone a crosslinking step by techniques well known to those skilled in the art, in particular the non-crosslinked layer of the invention has not not obtained from a composition containing a crosslinking agent.

La ou les couches non réticulées dans la présente invention permettent avantageusement d'utiliser un panel très large de polymères fluorés et ainsi d'obtenir un câble électrique pouvant supporter de hautes températures de fonctionnement, notamment d'au moins 200°C, voire même de 250°C ou plus. En outre, l'utilisation de couche(s) non réticulées(s) permet de limiter significativement les coûts de production.The non-crosslinked layer or layers in the present invention advantageously make it possible to use a very wide panel of fluoropolymers and thus to obtain an electric cable capable of withstanding high operating temperatures, in particular of at least 200 ° C., or even of 250 ° C or more. In addition, the use of non-crosslinked layer (s) can significantly reduce production costs.

Couche polymérique semi-conductrice optionnelleOptional semiconductive polymer layer

Le câble électrique de l'invention peut comprendre en outre au moins une couche polymérique semi-conductrice, ladite couche polymérique semi-conductrice comprenant de préférence au moins un polymère fluoré.The electrical cable of the invention may further comprise at least one semiconductive polymeric layer, said semiconductive polymeric layer preferably comprising at least one fluorinated polymer.

La couche polymérique semi-conductrice de l'invention peut comprendre au moins un polymère fluoré, notamment choisi parmi le polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE) ; les copolymères d'éthylène et de propylène fluorés (FEP) comme par exemple les poly(tétrafluoroéthylène-co-hexafluoropropylène) ; les copolymères perfluoro alkoxy (PFA) comme par exemple les copolymères perfluoro (alkyvinyléther)/tétrafluoroéthylène ; les copolymères perfluoro methoxy (MFA) ; et les poly(éthylène-co-tétra fluoroéthylène) (ETFE) ; ou une de leurs combinaisons.The semiconductive polymeric layer of the invention may comprise at least one fluorinated polymer, especially chosen from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); copolymers of fluorinated ethylene and propylene (FEP), for example poly (tetrafluoroethylene-co-hexafluoropropylene); perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) copolymers such as, for example, perfluoro (alkyl vinyl ether) / tetrafluoroethylene copolymers; perfluoro methoxy (MFA) copolymers; and poly (ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE); or one of their combinations.

De préférence, la couche polymérique semi-conductrice peut comprendre au moins 50% en poids de composé(s) fluoré(s), de préférence au moins 70 %en poids de composé(s) fluoré(s), et de manière encore plus préférée au moins 80% en poids de composé(s) fluoré(s), et de manière encore plus préférée 90%en poids de composé(s) fluoré(s).Preferably, the semiconductive polymeric layer may comprise at least 50% by weight of fluorinated compound (s), preferably at least 70% by weight of fluorinated compound (s), and even more preferred at least 80% by weight of fluorinated compound (s), and even more preferably 90% by weight of fluorinated compound (s).

La couche polymérique semi-conductrice de l'invention peut comprendre classiquement une ou plusieurs charges électriquement conductrices en une quantité suffisante pour rendre la couche semi-conductrice.The semiconductive polymeric layer of the invention may conventionally comprise one or more electrically conductive charges in an amount sufficient to render the semiconductor layer.

A titre d'exemple, elle peut comprendre au moins 0,1% en poids de charge(s) électriquement conductrice(s), de préférence au moins 5%en poids de charge(s) électriquement conductrice(s), de préférence au moins 10%en poids de charge(s) électriquement conductrice(s), de préférence au moins 15% en poids de charge(s) électriquement conductrice(s), et de préférence au moins 20% en poids de charge(s) électriquement conductrice(s).For example, it may comprise at least 0.1% by weight of charge (s) electrically conductive (s), preferably at least 5% by weight of charge (s) electrically conductive (s), preferably at less than 10% by weight of electrically conductive charge (s), preferably at least 15% by weight of electrically conductive charge (s), and preferably at least 20% by weight of charge (s) electrically conductor (s).

La quantité maximale dans la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante peut être d'au plus 40% en poids de charge(s) électriquement conductrice(s).The maximum amount in the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer may be at most 40% by weight of electrically conductive filler (s).

On peut citer comme exemple de charge électriquement conductrice : du noir de carbone, des nanot ubes de carbone, ...etc.An example of an electrically conductive filler is carbon black, carbon nanotubes, etc.

La couche polymérique semi-conductrice peut être une couche extrudée autour de l'élément électriquement conducteur électrique, ou une couche sous forme de ruban enroulé autour de l'élément électriquement conducteur électrique, ou une couche sous forme de vernis déposé autour de l'élément électriquement conducteur électrique, ou une de leurs combinaisons.The semiconductive polymeric layer may be an extruded layer around the electrical electrically conductive member, or a ribbon layer wrapped around the electrically conductive electrical member, or a varnish layer deposited around the element. electrically conductive electric, or a combination thereof.

On entend plus particulièrement par « couche semi-conductrice » une couche dont la conductivité électrique est généralement comprise entre 1x10-9 S.m-1 et 1x105 S.m-1, à température ambiante (25°C), de préférence entre 0,01 S.m-1 et 25,0 S.m-1, et de façon particulièrement préférée entre 1,0 et 16,0 S.m-1.More particularly, the term "semiconductor layer" means a layer whose electrical conductivity is generally between 1x10 -9 Sm -1 and 1x10 5 Sm -1 , at ambient temperature (25 ° C.), preferably between 0.01 Sm. -1 and 25.0 Sm -1 , and particularly preferably between 1.0 and 16.0 Sm -1 .

Le câble électrique de l'invention peut comprendre :

  1. a. une couche polymérique semi-conductrice, telle que définie dans l'invention, entourant l'élément électriquement conducteur allongé, et positionnée entre ce dernier et la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante, ou
  2. b. une couche polymérique semi-conductrice, telle que définie dans l'invention, entourant la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante, ou
  3. c. une première couche polymérique semi-conductrice selon a, et une deuxième couche polymérique semi-conductrice selon b.
The electrical cable of the invention may comprise:
  1. at. a semiconductive polymeric layer, as defined in the invention, surrounding the elongated electrically conductive element, and positioned between the latter and the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer, or
  2. b. a semiconductive polymeric layer, as defined in the invention, surrounding the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer, or
  3. vs. a first semiconductive polymeric layer according to a, and a second semiconductive polymeric layer according to b.

La première et la deuxième couches polymériques semi-conductrices peuvent être des couches identiques ou différentes.The first and second polymeric semiconductor layers may be identical or different layers.

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier selon a, la couche polymérique semi-conductrice peut être directement en contact physique d'une part avec la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante, et d'autre part avec l'élément électriquement conducteur.In a particular embodiment according to a, the semiconductive polymeric layer can be directly in physical contact with the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer and with the electrically conductive element.

La couche polymérique semi-conductrice de l'invention peut être avantageusement une couche non réticulée, et plus particulièrement une couche thermoplastique, notamment frittée ou non frittée.The semiconductive polymeric layer of the invention may advantageously be a non-crosslinked layer, and more particularly a thermoplastic layer, in particular sintered or unsintered.

Première variante : Câble électrique ne comprenant pas de couche polymérique semi-conductriceFirst variant: Electric cable not comprising a semiconductive polymer layer

Lorsque le câble électrique de l'invention ne comprend pas de couche polymérique semi-conductrice, l'épaisseur totale de l'ensemble des couches polymérique fluorées électriquement isolantes du câble électrique de l'invention est d'au moins 0,40 mm, et de préférence d'au moins 0,50 mm.When the electric cable of the invention does not comprise a semiconductive polymer layer, the total thickness of the set of electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layers of the electrical cable of the invention is at least 0.40 mm, and preferably at least 0.50 mm.

L'épaisseur totale de l'ensemble des couches polymérique fluorées électriquement isolantes du câble électrique de l'invention peut être d'au plus 0,70 mm.The total thickness of the set of electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layers of the electrical cable of the invention may be at most 0.70 mm.

De manière particulièrement avantageuse, la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante peut être directement en contact physique avec l'élément électriquement conducteur.Particularly advantageously, the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer can be in direct physical contact with the electrically conductive element.

Deuxième variante : Câble électrique comprenant au moins une couche polymérique semi-conductriceSecond variant: Electrical cable comprising at least one semiconductive polymer layer

Lorsque le câble électrique de l'invention comprend au moins une couche polymérique semi-conductrice, l'épaisseur totale de l'ensemble des couches polymériques fluorées électriquement isolantes est d'au moins 0,10 mm. Ainsi, dans cette variante, l'épaisseur totale ne prend pas en compte l'épaisseur du ou des couches polymériques semi-conductrices.When the electric cable of the invention comprises at least one semiconductive polymeric layer, the total thickness of the set of electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layers is at least 0.10 mm. Thus, in this variant, the total thickness does not take into account the thickness of the semiconductor polymer layer or layers.

L'épaisseur totale de l'ensemble des couches polymérique fluorées électriquement isolantes du câble électrique de l'invention peut être d'au plus 0,70 mm.The total thickness of the set of electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layers of the electrical cable of the invention may be at most 0.70 mm.

Ainsi, la présence d'au moins une couche polymérique semi-conductrice permet avantageusement d'abaisser l'épaisseur minimum du ou des couches polymériques fluorées électriquement isolantes, tout en limitant les décharges partielles.Thus, the presence of at least one semiconductive polymeric layer advantageously makes it possible to lower the minimum thickness of the electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layer (s) while limiting the partial discharges.

Dans un mode de réalisation avantageux, t out es les couches constitutives du câble électrique de l'invention entourent coaxialement l'élément électriquement conducteur allongé.In an advantageous embodiment, all the constituent layers of the electrical cable of the invention coaxially surround the elongated electrically conductive element.

L'élément électriquement conducteur allongé convenant sel on l'invention est par exemple du type massif ou multibrin, et peut être en cuivre (Cu), en alliage de cuivre étamé, en alliage de cuivre argenté, en alliage de cuivre nickelé, en aluminium (Al), en aluminium nickelé, en aluminium cuivré et nickelé (bien connu sous l'anglicisme « nickel plated copper clad aluminum »).The elongated electrically conductive element that is suitable for the invention is, for example, of the solid or multi-strand type, and may be of copper (Cu), of tin-plated copper alloy, of silver-plated copper alloy, of nickel-plated copper alloy, of aluminum (Al), nickel-plated aluminum, copper-plated aluminum and nickel-plated (well known under the anglicism " nickel plated copper clad aluminum ").

Dans un mode de réalisation particulier, toutes les couches constitutives du câble de l'invention sont des couches non rét i cul ées, et pl us part i cul i èrement des couches thermoplastiques, notamment frittées ou non frittées.In a particular embodiment, all the constituent layers of the cable of the invention are non-reticulated layers, and in particular partially thermoplastic layers, in particular sintered or unsintered layers.

Dans la présente invention, l'élément électriquement conducteur allongé peut être positionné au centre du câble électrique.In the present invention, the elongated electrically conductive member may be positioned in the center of the electrical cable.

De préférence, la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante, et optionnellement la couche semi-conductrice lorsqu'elle existe, peuvent être positionnées coaxialement autour de l'élément électriquement conducteur allongé.Preferably, the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer, and optionally the semiconductor layer when it exists, can be positioned coaxially around the elongate electrically conductive member.

De façon particulièrement préférée, toutes les couches constitutives du câble électrique de la présente invention peuvent être positionnées coaxialement autour de l'élément électriquement conducteur allongé.In a particularly preferred manner, all the constituent layers of the electrical cable of the present invention can be positioned coaxially around the elongated electrically conductive element.

Le câble électrique de l'invention peut comprendre en outre un écran métallique entourant la deuxième couche polymérique semi-conductrice.The electrical cable of the invention may further comprise a metal screen surrounding the second semiconductive polymeric layer.

Cet écran métallique peut être un écran dit « filaire », composé d'un ensemble de conducteurs à base de cuivre ou d'aluminium, arrangé autour et le long de la deuxième couche polymérique semi-conductrice, un écran dit « rubané » composé d'un ou de plusieurs rubans métalliques conducteurs posé(s) en hélice autour de la deuxième couche polymérique semi-conductrice, ou d'un écran dit « étanche » de type tube métallique entourant la deuxième couche polymérique semi-conductrice. Ce dernier type d'écran permet notamment de faire barrière à l'humidité ayant tendance à pénétrer le câble électrique en direction radiale.This metal screen may be a so-called "wired" screen, consisting of a set of conductors based on copper or aluminum, arranged around and along the second polymeric semiconductor layer, a screen called "tape" composed of one or more conductive metal strips laid helically around the second semiconductive polymeric layer, or a so-called "sealed" type metal screen surrounding the second semiconductive polymeric layer. This last type of screen makes it possible moisture barrier tending to penetrate the electrical cable radially.

Tous les types d'écran métalliques peuvent jouer le rôle de mise à la terre du câble électrique et peuvent ainsi transporter des courants de défaut, par exemple en cas de court-circuit dans le réseau concerné.All types of metal screens can act as grounding of the electric cable and can carry fault currents, for example in the event of a short circuit in the network concerned.

En outre, le câble électrique de l'invention peut comprendre une gaine de protection entourant la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante, cette gaine de protection étant de préférence la couche la plus à l'extérieur du câble électrique de l'invention afin de pouvoir notamment visualiser directement les informations susceptibles d'être marquées dessus.In addition, the electrical cable of the invention may comprise a protective sheath surrounding the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer, this protective sheath preferably being the outermost layer of the electrical cable of the invention in order to be able to directly view the information that can be marked on it.

Ladite gaine de protection peut donc être apte à être marquée.Said protective sheath may therefore be able to be marked.

Bien entendu, si le câble électrique selon l'invention comprend une couche polymérique semi-conductrice entourant la couche polymère fluorée électriquement isolante, ladite gaine de protection entoure de préférence ladite couche polymérique semi-conductrice.Of course, if the electric cable according to the invention comprises a semiconductive polymer layer surrounding the electrically insulating fluoropolymer layer, said protective sheath preferably surrounds said semiconductive polymer layer.

La gaine de protection peut être une couche à base de polymère fluoré (comme par exemple du type PTFE, FEP, PFA et/ ou ETFE) et/ ou de polyimide. D'autres matériaux bien connus de l'homme du métier dans le domaine de l'aéronautique peuvent bien entendu être utilisés. Ladite couche extérieure peut être sous forme d'un ruban, d'un extrudât ou d'un vernis.The protective sheath may be a fluoropolymer-based layer (such as, for example, PTFE, FEP, PFA and / or ETFE) and / or polyimide. Other materials well known to those skilled in the field of aeronautics can of course be used. Said outer layer may be in the form of a ribbon, an extrudate or a varnish.

Dans la présente invention, ladite gaine de protection ne pourrait notamment être considérée comme une couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante telle que définie dans l'invention, notamment pour le calcul des épaisseurs dans la première variante et dans la deuxième variante de l'invention.In the present invention, said protective sheath could in particular be considered as an electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer as defined in the invention, in particular for the calculation of the thicknesses in the first variant and in the second variant of the invention.

Le câble électrique de l' i nvent i on est plus particulièrement destiné à être utilisé dans le domaine de l'aéronautique, notamment de l'ordre de 230 V en courant alternatif, ou de l'ordre de ±270 V en courant continu.The electrical cable of the invention is more particularly intended to be used in the field of aeronautics, in particular of the order of 230 V AC, or of the order of ± 270 V DC.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de la présente invention apparaîtront à la lumière des figures annotées, lesdites figures étant données à titre illustratif et nullement limitatif.Other features and advantages of the present invention will appear in light of the annotated figures, said figures being given for illustrative and not limiting.

La figure 1 représente une vue schématique en coupe transversale d'un câble électrique selon un mode de réalisation particulier conforme à l'invention.The figure 1 is a schematic cross-sectional view of an electric cable according to a particular embodiment according to the invention.

La figure 2 représente une vue schématique semi-éclaté en perspective d'un câble électrique selon un autre mode de réalisation particulier conforme à l'invention.The figure 2 represents a schematic semi-exploded perspective view of an electric cable according to another particular embodiment according to the invention.

Pour des raisons de clarté, seuls les éléments essentiels pour la compréhension de l'invention ont été représentés de manière schématique, et ceci sans respect de l'échelle.For the sake of clarity, only the essential elements for understanding the invention have been shown schematically, and this without respect of the scale.

Le fil de câblage (« hook up wire ») ou le câble électrique de puissance 1, représenté sur la figure 1, comprend :

  • un élément électriquement conducteur 2 central, notamment en cuivre ou en aluminium, de type multibrins,
  • une première couche polymérique fluorée semi-conductrice 3, sous forme de ruban, entourant ledit élément conducteur 2,
  • une couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante 4, extrudée, entourant la première couche 3, et
  • une deuxième couche polymérique fluorée semi-conductrice 5, sous forme de ruban, entourant ladite couche 4.
The " hook up wire " or the power cable 1, shown in FIG. figure 1 , includes:
  • a central electrically conductive element 2, in particular of copper or aluminum, of multi-strand type,
  • a first fluorinated polymeric semiconductor layer 3, in the form of a ribbon, surrounding said conductive element 2,
  • an electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer 4, extruded, surrounding the first layer 3, and
  • a second fluorinated polymeric semiconductor layer 5, in ribbon form, surrounding said layer 4.

La couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante 4 est directement en contact physique avec la première et la deuxième couches semi-conductrices 3, 5.The electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer 4 is in direct physical contact with the first and second semiconductor layers 3,5.

La couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante 4 est une couche de PTFE extrudée, obtenue à partir de la poudre de PTFE commercialisée par la société DUPONT, sous la référence CFP 6000 N.The electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer 4 is an extruded PTFE layer, obtained from the PTFE powder marketed by DUPONT under the reference CFP 6000 N.

Bien entendu, d'autres types de polymère fluoré peuvent être utilisés, tels que:

  • le FEP commercialisé par la société DAIKIN, sous la référence NEOFLON NP20 ;
  • le PFA commercialisé par la société DYNEON, sous la référence 6515 TZ ; ou
  • l'ETFE commercialisé par la société DAIKIN, sous la référence NEOFLON EP541.
Of course, other types of fluoropolymer may be used, such as:
  • FEP marketed by the company DAIKIN, under the reference NEOFLON NP20;
  • the PFA sold by the company Dyneon, under the reference 6515 TZ; or
  • ETFE marketed by the company DAIKIN, under the reference NEOFLON EP541.

Ces polymères sont des polymères thermoplastiques et peuvent être extrudés facilement par des techniques bien connues de l' homme du métier.These polymers are thermoplastic polymers and can be extruded easily by techniques well known to those skilled in the art.

La première et la deuxième couches polymériques semi-conductrices sont des rubans de PTFE, commercialisée par la société SAINT-GOBAIN, sous la référence DF1400-2F, ayant une épaisseur initiale de 60 µm.The first and second polymeric semiconductor layers are PTFE ribbons, sold by the company SAINT-GOBAIN, under the reference DF1400-2F, having an initial thickness of 60 microns.

Pour réaliser le câble électrique de la figure 1, on enroule tout d'abord hélicoïdalement un premier ruban de PTFE autour de l'élément électriquement conducteur 2 pour former la première couche polymérique semi-conductrice 3. La première couche polymérique semi-conductrice 3 ainsi formée peut comprendre plusieurs enroulements d'un même ruban afin d'en augmenter son épaisseur.To realize the electric cable of the figure 1 first helically winding a first PTFE tape around the electrically conductive element 2 to form the first polymeric semiconductor layer 3. The first semiconductor polymer layer 3 thus formed may comprise a plurality of coils of the same ribbon to increase its thickness.

Après avoir formé une préforme de type jonc à partir de la poudre de PTFE, on extrude ladite préforme autour de la première couche semi-conductrice 3, pour former la couche électriquement isolante extrudée 4 de PTFE L'épaisseur de la couche électriquement isolante extrudée 4 peut être comprise entre 0,10 et 0,70 mm.After forming a ring-type preform from the PTFE powder, extruding said preform around the first semiconductor layer 3 to form the electrically insulating PTFE layer 4 The thickness of the electrically insulating layer 4 extruded may be between 0.10 and 0.70 mm.

Enfin, on enroule hélicoïdalement un deuxième ruban de PTFE autour de la couche électriquement isolante extrudée 4 de PTFE pour former la deuxième couche polymérique semi-conductrice 5. La deuxième couche polymérique semi-conductrice 5 ainsi formée peut comprendre plusieurs enroulements d'un même ruban afin d'en augmenter son épaisseur.Finally, a second PTFE ribbon is wound helically around the extruded electrically insulating layer 4 of PTFE to form the second semiconductive polymeric layer 5. The second semiconductive polymeric layer 5 thus formed may comprise several coils of the same ribbon to increase its thickness.

Les couches polymériques semi-conductrices 3,5 de PTFE peuvent être frittées. Le frittage est classiquement réalisé en traitant thermiquement (e.g. en utilisant par exemple un four) les couches rubanées de PTFE à une température supérieure à 340°C.The 3.5 PTFE semiconductive polymeric layers can be sintered. Sintering is conventionally performed by thermally treating (e.g., using, for example, an oven) the PTFE banded layers at a temperature greater than 340 ° C.

Le frittage de la première et de la deuxième couches polymériques semi-conductrices de PTFE peut être réalisé selon différentes variantes.The sintering of the first and second polymeric semiconductor PTFE layers can be carried out according to different variants.

Selon une première variante, la première couche polymérique semi-conductrice 3 de PTFE est frittée avant le positionnement de la couche électriquement isolante 4, puis la deuxième couche polymérique semi-conductrice 5 de PTFE est frittée une fois rubanée autour de la couche électriquement isolante 4.According to a first variant, the first PTFE semiconductive polymer layer 3 is sintered before the positioning of the layer. electrically insulating 4, then the second semiconductive polymeric layer of PTFE is sintered once banded around the electrically insulating layer 4.

Selon une deuxième variante, le frittage n'est réalisé qu'une fois la première et la deuxième couches polymériques semi-conductrices 3,5 de PTFE positionnées.According to a second variant, the sintering is carried out only once the first and second polymeric semiconducting layers 3.5 of PTFE are positioned.

Le câble électrique 1', illustré dans la figure 2, est le câble électrique de la figure 1, comprenant en outre un écran métallique 6 de mise à la terre et/ou de protection entourant la deuxième couche polymérique fluorée semi-conductrice 5, et une gaine de protection 7 entourant l'écran métallique 6.The electric cable 1 ', illustrated in the figure 2 , is the electric cable of the figure 1 , further comprising a metal screen 6 for grounding and / or protection surrounding the second fluorinated polymeric semiconductor layer 5, and a protective sheath 7 surrounding the metal screen 6.

Claims (14)

Câble électrique (1) comprenant : - un élément électriquement conducteur (2) allongé, et - au moins une couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante (4), entourant ledit élément électriquement conducteur (2), caractérisé en ce que le câble électrique (1) est exempt de couche contenant du polyimide entre ledit élément électriquement conducteur (2) et ladite couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante (4).Electric cable (1) comprising: an elongated electrically conductive element (2), and at least one electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer (4) surrounding said electrically conductive element (2), characterized in that the electric cable (1) is free of a polyimide-containing layer between said electrically conductive element (2) and said electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer (4). Câble électrique selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que le câble électrique est exempt de couche contenant du polyimide.Electrical cable according to claim 1, characterized in that the electrical cable is free of a layer containing polyimide. Câble électrique selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante (4) est une couche extrudée.Electrical cable according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer (4) is an extruded layer. Câble électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la couche polymérique fluorée comprend le polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE) ; les copolymères d'éthylène et de propylène fluorés(FEP) ; les copolymères perfluoro alkoxy (PFA ; les copolymères perfluoro methoxy (MFA) ; et les poly(éthylène-co-tétra fluoroéthylène) (ETFE).Electrical cable according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the fluorinated polymeric layer comprises polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); fluorinated ethylene and propylene copolymers (FEP); perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) copolymers, perfluoro methoxy (MFA) and poly (ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) copolymers. Câble électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante (4) est une couche non réticulée.Electrical cable according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer (4) is a non-crosslinked layer. Câble électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante (4) est directement en contact physique avec l'élément électriquement conducteur (2).Electrical cable according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer (4) is in direct physical contact with the electrically conductive element (2). Câble électrique selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il ne comprend pas de couche polymérique semi-conductrice.Electrical cable according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it does not comprise a semiconductive polymer layer. Câble électrique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 6, caractérisé en ce que le câble électrique comprend en outre une ou plusieurs couches polymériques semi-conductrices (3, 5).Electrical cable according to one of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the electric cable further comprises one or more semiconductor polymer layers (3, 5). Câble électrique selon la revendication 8, caractérisé en ce que la ou les couches polymériques semi-conductrices comprennent au moins un polymère fluoré.Electrical cable according to claim 8, characterized in that the polymer semiconductor layer (s) comprise at least one fluorinated polymer. Câble électrique selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend une couche polymérique semi-conductrice (5) entourant la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante (4).Electrical cable according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that it comprises a semiconductive polymeric layer (5) surrounding the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer (4). Câble électrique selon la revendication 8 ou 9, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend : - une première couche polymérique semi-conductrice (3) entourant l'élément électriquement conducteur allongé(4), la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante entourant ladite première couche polymérique semi-conductrice (3), et - une deuxième couche polymérique semi-conductrice (5) entourant la couche polymérique fluorée électriquement isolante (4). Electrical cable according to claim 8 or 9, characterized in that it comprises: a first semiconductive polymeric layer (3) surrounding the elongate electrically conductive element (4), the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer surrounding said first semiconductor polymeric layer (3), and a second semiconductive polymeric layer (5) surrounding the electrically insulating fluorinated polymeric layer (4). Câble électrique selon l'une quelconque des revendications 9 à 11, caractérisé en ce que le polymère fluoré est choisi parmi le polytétrafluoroéthylène (PTFE) ; les copolymères d'éthylène et de propylène fluorés (FEP) ; les copolymères perfluoro al koxy (PFA ; les copolymères perfluoro methoxy (MFA) ; et les pol y(ét hyl ène-co-t ét ra fluoroéthylène) (ETFE).Electrical cable according to any one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that the fluoropolymer is chosen from polytetrafluoroethylene (PTFE); fluorinated ethylene and propylene copolymers (FEP); perfluoroalkoxy (PFA) copolymers, perfluoro methoxy (MFA) copolymers, and poly (ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE) copolymers. Câble électrique selon l'une des revendications 1 à 7, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur totale de l'ensemble des couches polymériques fluorées électriquement isolantes est d'au moins 0,40 mm.Electrical cable according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the total thickness of the set of electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layers is at least 0.40 mm. Câble électrique selon l'une des revendications 8 à 12, caractérisé en ce que l'épaisseur totale de l'ensemble des couches polymériques fluorées électriquement isolantes est d'au moins 0,10 mm.Electrical cable according to one of claims 8 to 12, characterized in that the total thickness of the set of electrically insulating fluorinated polymer layers is at least 0.10 mm.
EP14154578.0A 2013-02-12 2014-02-11 Electric cable resistant to partial discharges Active EP2765581B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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FR1351178A FR3002076B1 (en) 2013-02-12 2013-02-12 ELECTRIC CABLE RESISTANT TO PARTIAL DISCHARGES

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EP2765581A1 true EP2765581A1 (en) 2014-08-13
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US20140224521A1 (en) 2014-08-14
FR3002076B1 (en) 2022-11-11
CN103985438A (en) 2014-08-13
ES2938330T3 (en) 2023-04-10
FR3002076A1 (en) 2014-08-15
EP2765581B1 (en) 2022-11-30
CN103985438B (en) 2018-03-09
US9362019B2 (en) 2016-06-07

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