EP2721114A1 - Formulation d'encre aqueuse contenant de l'argent pour la production de structures électro-conductrices et procédé d'impression à jet d'encre pour la production de telles structures électro-conductrices - Google Patents

Formulation d'encre aqueuse contenant de l'argent pour la production de structures électro-conductrices et procédé d'impression à jet d'encre pour la production de telles structures électro-conductrices

Info

Publication number
EP2721114A1
EP2721114A1 EP12729929.5A EP12729929A EP2721114A1 EP 2721114 A1 EP2721114 A1 EP 2721114A1 EP 12729929 A EP12729929 A EP 12729929A EP 2721114 A1 EP2721114 A1 EP 2721114A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
ink formulation
ink
silver
electrically conductive
weight
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP12729929.5A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Venkataramanan Balasubramaniam
Daniel Rudhardt
Frank Sicking
Stefanie Eiden
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Clariant International Ltd
Original Assignee
Bayer Technology Services GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Bayer Technology Services GmbH filed Critical Bayer Technology Services GmbH
Publication of EP2721114A1 publication Critical patent/EP2721114A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/52—Electrically conductive inks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/28—Nitrogen-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C08—ORGANIC MACROMOLECULAR COMPOUNDS; THEIR PREPARATION OR CHEMICAL WORKING-UP; COMPOSITIONS BASED THEREON
    • C08K—Use of inorganic or non-macromolecular organic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/00—Use of inorganic substances as compounding ingredients
    • C08K3/38—Boron-containing compounds
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
    • C09D11/32—Inkjet printing inks characterised by colouring agents
    • C09D11/322—Pigment inks
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D11/00—Inks
    • C09D11/30—Inkjet printing inks
    • C09D11/36—Inkjet printing inks based on non-aqueous solvents
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C09—DYES; PAINTS; POLISHES; NATURAL RESINS; ADHESIVES; COMPOSITIONS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR; APPLICATIONS OF MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • C09D—COATING COMPOSITIONS, e.g. PAINTS, VARNISHES OR LACQUERS; FILLING PASTES; CHEMICAL PAINT OR INK REMOVERS; INKS; CORRECTING FLUIDS; WOODSTAINS; PASTES OR SOLIDS FOR COLOURING OR PRINTING; USE OF MATERIALS THEREFOR
    • C09D139/00—Coating compositions based on homopolymers or copolymers of compounds having one or more unsaturated aliphatic radicals, each having only one carbon-to-carbon double bond, and at least one being terminated by a single or double bond to nitrogen or by a heterocyclic ring containing nitrogen; Coating compositions based on derivatives of such polymers
    • C09D139/04—Homopolymers or copolymers of monomers containing heterocyclic rings having nitrogen as ring member
    • C09D139/06—Homopolymers or copolymers of N-vinyl-pyrrolidones
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B1/00—Conductors or conductive bodies characterised by the conductive materials; Selection of materials as conductors
    • H01B1/20—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material
    • H01B1/22—Conductive material dispersed in non-conductive organic material the conductive material comprising metals or alloys
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/0016—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables for heat treatment
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/0026—Apparatus for manufacturing conducting or semi-conducting layers, e.g. deposition of metal
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K1/00—Printed circuits
    • H05K1/02—Details
    • H05K1/09—Use of materials for the conductive, e.g. metallic pattern
    • H05K1/092—Dispersed materials, e.g. conductive pastes or inks
    • H05K1/097—Inks comprising nanoparticles and specially adapted for being sintered at low temperature
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H05—ELECTRIC TECHNIQUES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • H05K—PRINTED CIRCUITS; CASINGS OR CONSTRUCTIONAL DETAILS OF ELECTRIC APPARATUS; MANUFACTURE OF ASSEMBLAGES OF ELECTRICAL COMPONENTS
    • H05K2203/00—Indexing scheme relating to apparatus or processes for manufacturing printed circuits covered by H05K3/00
    • H05K2203/11—Treatments characterised by their effect, e.g. heating, cooling, roughening
    • H05K2203/1131—Sintering, i.e. fusing of metal particles to achieve or improve electrical conductivity
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y10—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC
    • Y10T—TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER US CLASSIFICATION
    • Y10T428/00—Stock material or miscellaneous articles
    • Y10T428/24—Structurally defined web or sheet [e.g., overall dimension, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24802—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.]
    • Y10T428/24893—Discontinuous or differential coating, impregnation or bond [e.g., artwork, printing, retouched photograph, etc.] including particulate material
    • Y10T428/24909—Free metal or mineral containing

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a silver-containing aqueous ink composition for the production of electrically conductive structures, in particular on flexible substrates, in particular by ink jet printing process, said formulation as a one- or two-component system consisting of a carrier component A and a sulfur atom containing electrostatically stabilized Silver nanoparticles are provided as component B. It further relates to electrically conductive structures obtainable from the printable ink formulation of the present invention and to the use of the ink formulation as ink for ink jet printers.
  • Inkjet printing and other printing techniques may be considered alternative ways of applying functional materials.
  • the advantage of inkjet printing processes is that the print image, ie ultimately the finished structures, can be changed at any time. In the screen printing process, a new mask would have to be created first.
  • An important area of application relates to the printed electronics of conductive structures, in particular of silver. These have a high electrical conductivity and at the same time a reduced susceptibility to corrosion due to the noble character.
  • stabilized nanoparticles can be dispersed in organic solvents or in water.
  • particles tend to clog the nozzles in the ink jet printing process when their diameter exceeds about 5% of the nozzle diameter.
  • comparatively high temperatures are needed to sinter the stabilized nanoparticles. Such temperatures are not compatible with all substrates.
  • the second possibility is the use of a Metailtinte, so a solution of a metal-containing molecule or particles in a corresponding solvent.
  • the metal-containing molecules must be converted, for example, by decomposition and subsequent sintering in the metal, which limits the selection of the substrates.
  • the sintering temperature is a critical process variable for flexible polymer substrates.
  • Pasty acid carboxylate coatings for the preparation of conductive structures are disclosed in WO 2008/038976. This patent application relates to an organic silver complex in which an organic ligand comprising an amino group and a hydroxyl group is bonded to an aliphatic silver carboxylate having an equivalent ratio of 2: 1.
  • a conductive paste comprising a silver source of silver oxide powder, silver powder and silver fiocken, and an organic silver complex in which an organic ligand having an amino group and a hydroxyl group is bonded to the organic silver complex.
  • the organic silver complex has high solubility in solvents and is in the liquid state at room temperature. Therefore, in a conductive paste with this complex, an additional solvent may not be present or only present in minor amounts. This can increase the silver content.
  • the conductive paste with the complex has a high viscosity, a high stability without additional dispersant, and at the same time can be easily used industrially.
  • no structures can be constructed by means of ink jet printing, so that must be used on screen printing methods.
  • 7,615,111 B2 describes a water-based silver nanoparticle pigment which is combined with a carrier and with at least one further dye or pigment to form a t-amine composition.
  • the further dye and the silver nanoparticle pigment can also be mixed with a separate carrier before being combined with the ink composition.
  • the ink compositions of US Pat. No. 7,615,111 B2 are said to be suitable for ink-jet printing and for producing electrically conductive or metallically glossy coatings on substrates.
  • the object is achieved that the ink formulation forms an electrical conductivity even at low post-treatment temperatures and the shortest possible heat treatment, so that the production of electrically conductive structures on substrates made of temperature-sensitive materials, such as Kunststoffsub s traten as polycarbonate substrates, possible is.
  • these ink formulations can be stably stored for a long period of time and thus are suitable even after storage, especially for the T intense trahldruck.
  • An alternative object of the invention is also to enable the production of flexible electrically conductive structures on flexible substrates.
  • the invention relates to a silver-containing aqueous ink formulation for the production of electrically conductive structures, wherein the ink formulation as a one- or two-component system of a
  • Carrier component A at least containing an organic solvent, additives and
  • Water and a silver nanoparticle sol as component B at least containing a liquid dispersant and electrostatically stabilized sucernoparticle, and the ink formulation composed of components A and B at least a) 1 to 50% by weight organic solvent,
  • the ink formulation composed of components A and B contains at least a) 1-50% by weight of organic solvent,
  • the ink formulation composed of components A and B contains at least a) 10 to 50% by weight of organic solvent
  • the vehicle component A is also referred to as component A, vehicle or as carrier component (ink vehicle).
  • the selection of suitable organic solvents is carried out above all with regard to a low after-treatment temperature of the ink formulation for forming electrically conductive structures.
  • solvents are suitable and preferred which can be removed by heat treatment at temperatures of approx. ⁇ 140 ° C.
  • Suitable organic solvents are preferably mono- or polyhydric alcohols, particularly preferably mono- or polyhydric C 1 -C 5 -alcohols, such as, for example, ethanol, ethylene glycol, isopropanol, n-propanol, 1,2-propanediol, n-butanol, Butanol, 1-pentanol, 2-pentanol, 3-pentanol and 2-methyl-1-butanol in question.
  • 1,2-propanediol is preferably used as organic solvent a).
  • the organic solvent is preferably used in concentrations of 15-30% by weight, for example in a concentration of 20% by weight, based on the total ink formulation.
  • the carrier comprises at least one organic solvent, which in a most preferred embodiment is 1,2-propanediol, as well as additives and water.
  • the further ink additives b-5) for the ink formulation are preferably selected from the group of surface-active substances, pigments, defoamers, light stabilizers, optical brighteners, corrosion inhibitors, antioxidants, algicides, plasticizers, thickeners and powders, the list not being exhaustive is.
  • the component B according to the invention is also referred to as S bernbernanop ubenelled ol (Ag-sol).
  • the silver nanoparticle sol contains at least one liquid dispersant and silver nanoparticles stabilized with an electrostatic dispersion stabilizer, which are referred to as electrostatically stabilized silver nanoparticles or electrostatic silver nanoparticles according to the invention.
  • the liquid dispersant or dispersants for the silver nanoparticle sol are preferably water or mixtures containing water and organic, preferably water-soluble, organic solvents.
  • the liquid dispersant (s) are particularly preferably water or mixtures of water with alcohols, aldehydes and / or ketones, more preferably water or mixtures of water with monohydric or polyhydric alcohols containing up to five, preferably up to four carbon atoms, such as mono- or polyhydric C 1 -C 8 alcohols, such as, for example, ethanol, ethylene glycol, i-propanol, n-propanol, 1,2-propanediol, n-butanol, i-butanol, 1-pentanol, 2 Pentanol, 3-pentanol and 2-methyl-i-butanol, preferably mono- or polyhydric Ci-Cs alcohols, such as methanol, ethanol, n-propanol, iso-propanol or
  • At least one electrostatic dispersion stabilizer is added during the preparation of the silver ernanop article.
  • An electrostatic dispersion stabilizer in the context of the invention is to be understood as one by whose presence the silver manoparticles are provided with repulsive forces and no longer tend to aggregate on the basis of these repulsive forces. Consequently, the presence and action of the electrostatic dispersion stabilizer between the silver particles results in repulsive electrostatic forces which counteract the van der Waals forces acting on the aggregation of the silver particles.
  • silver particles are to be understood as meaning, for example, those having a d.sub.50 value of less than 100 .mu.m, preferably less than 80 nm, measured by means of dynamic light scattering.
  • a ZetaPlus Zeta Potential Analyzer from Brookhaven Instrument Corporation is suitable for the measurement by means of dynamic light scattering.
  • the ink formulation can be provided as a one- or two-component system.
  • the two components A and B according to the invention are surprisingly storage-stable for several months under suitable conditions.
  • the ink formulation mixed together from the two individual components A and 6 can advantageously be stored over days, for example one week, stably in a recommended temperature range of 5-10 ° C.
  • Stable, or storage-stable, according to the invention is understood to mean that no substantial agglomeration and / or precipitation of particles or substantial increase in the viscosity of the ink formulation occurs.
  • storage-stable means that components A and 6 for the preparation of the ink formulation and the ink formulation produced, especially for use in inkjet technology, are also known after storage time Ink jet printing, are suitable.
  • problems with clogged nozzles can be avoided on T intense-grained printing heads.
  • the dispersion stabilizer for the electrostatic stabilization of the silver particles may be a di- or tricarboxylic acid having up to 5 carbon atoms or a salt thereof. Selection of such an electrostatic dispersion stabilizer for the silver manopar particles causes the ink formulation of the invention to form electrically conductive structures, for example, compared to formulations using polymer stabilized silver nanoparticle dispersions, require lower post-treatment temperatures and shorter heat treatment times.
  • Particularly preferred electrostatic dispersion stabilizers for stabilizing the silver particles are citric acid or citrates, e.g. Lithium, sodium, potassium or tetramethylammonium citrate. Very particularly preferred according to the invention is a citrate, such as e.g. Lithium, sodium, potassium or tetramethylammonium citrate, as electrostatic
  • Dispersion stabilizer used.
  • the salt-like electrostatic dispersion stabilizers are largely dissociated into their ions, the respective anions effecting the electrostatic stabilization.
  • electrostatic dispersion stabilizers are also advantageous over polymers and dispersion stabilizers which are sterically stabilizing by surface occupation, because they promote the formation of the zeta potential of the silver particles in the dispersion. but at the same time no or only a negligible steric reduction of the silver particles in the later from the ink formulation produced by the dispersion and resulting conductive structure or surface coating obtained therefrom.
  • citrate as electrostatic dispersion stabilizer in the ink formulation is particularly advantageous because it already melts at relatively low temperatures of about 150 ° C, or decomposes at temperatures above 175 ° C.
  • the conductive structures or surface coatings obtained from the ink formulations of the present invention it may be desirable to remove as much as possible not only the dispersing agent and solvent but also the electrostatic dispersion stabilizer because it has reduced conductivity over the silver nanoparticles and thus possibly slightly affect the specific conductivity of the resulting structure or coating. Due to the aforementioned properties of citrate, this can be achieved in a simple manner by heating.
  • the at least one nonionic surfactant b-1 is selected from the group of alkylphenyl polyethylene oxides (available from Rohm & Haas Co.), polyethylene oxide block Copolymers, acetylenic polyethylene oxides, polyethylene oxide (POE) esters; Polyoxyethylene diester; Polyethylene oxide amines; Polyethylene oxide amides and dimethicone copolyols.
  • alkylphenyl polyethylene oxides available from Rohm & Haas Co.
  • polyethylene oxide block Copolymers acetylenic polyethylene oxides, polyethylene oxide (POE) esters; Polyoxyethylene diester; Polyethylene oxide amines; Polyethylene oxide amides and dimethicone copolyols.
  • acetylenic polyethylene oxides for example Surfynol ® SEF, which are available from Air Products.
  • the nonionic surfactant or surfactants are used in particular for adjusting the surface tension of the ink formulation according to the invention in a suitable range.
  • the at least one ionic surfactant b-2) may preferably be selected from sulfonate-based surfactants, phosphonate-based surfactants or carboxylates.
  • the ionic surfactant b-2) is particularly preferably selected according to the invention from the group of sulfonate-based surfactants, for example sodium 1,2-bis (2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl) -1-ethanesulfonate (AOT), alkyl disulfonated diphenyl lysine disodium salts such as mono- and dialkyl disulfonated diphenyloxide disodium salt, commercially available as Dowfax TM 2A1 (The Dow Chemical Company), alkyl diphenyl oxide disulfonate (commercially available as Dowfax TM 8390, The Dow Chemical Company), Polyfox TM 136A, Polyfox TM 156 (Fa.
  • sulfonate-based surfactants for example sodium 1,2-bis (2-ethylhexyloxycarbonyl) -1-ethanesulfonate (AOT), alkyl disulfonated diphenyl lysine disodium salts such
  • Anionic fluorosurfactants such as Zonyl ® FS 62, are also reflected on the desired long storage time of the ink formulation particularly low and compatible in cooperation with the inventively used electrostatically stabilized S ilb ernanop articles.
  • Sulfonate-based surfactants such as Polyfox TM 136A, Polyfox TM 156 (Fa. Omnova), or anionic fluorosurfactants such as Zonyl ® FS can advantageously 62 (duPont) as flow or leveling agents in the present invention T inten- Formulation serve and be used.
  • Sulfonate-based surfactants preferably alkyl-disulfonated-diphenyloxide-dinatriums al z e or
  • Alkyl diphenyloxide disulfonates such as Dowfax TM 2A1 or Dowfax TM 1 8390, when used in conjunction with nonionic surfactants, exhibit beneficial synergistic effects on the properties of the resulting ink formulation, particularly in terms of drop formation and drop shape, drop ejection, and avoidance or reduction
  • Puddling It is also possible according to the invention to use phosphonate-based surfactants. as Zonyl ® FSP or carboxylates, such as Zonyl ® 'FSA, or N-alkyl sarcosinates to use as ionic surfactants, wherein the sulfonate-based surfactants, in contrast, as already stated above, are preferred.
  • phosphonate-based surfactants as Zonyl ® FSP or carboxylates, such as Zonyl ® 'FSA, or N-alkyl sarcosinates
  • Suitable binders b-3) are preferably polyvinylpyrrolidone or block copolyethers and block copolyethers with polystyrene blocks.
  • the binder b-3) is a polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP).
  • the PVP is commercially available, for example as PVP-K 15 of
  • the binder may, for example, in an amount of 0.01 to 1.5 wt .-%, preferably from 0.05 to 1.0 wt .-%, for example 0.15 wt .-%, in the inventive ink formulation be used.
  • a B enetzungsmittel e) the at least one non-ionic surfactant such as a polyethylene oxide block copolymer such as Pluronic ® PE 10400 BASF be.
  • the wetting agent may preferably be used in the ink formulation in an amount of from 0.05 to 1.5% by weight, preferably from 0.1 to 1.0% by weight, for example, in an amount of 0.12% by weight. -% are used.
  • the ink formulation according to the invention exhibits excellent wetting of a wide variety of substrate surfaces and can therefore be applied to a large number of substrates, for example
  • Plastic substrates such as polycarbonate (Makrofol ® eg DE-1), Polyyinylchlorid (PVC) or polyesters, such as zBPET, PETG, PBT, PEN or PBTG, including contaminated and low energy surfaces, are applied.
  • polycarbonate Mokrofol ® eg DE-1
  • PVC Polyyinylchlorid
  • polyesters such as zBPET, PETG, PBT, PEN or PBTG, including contaminated and low energy surfaces, are applied.
  • the preferred amount of water used as solvent is 50-65% by weight, for example 55-62% by weight, based on the total amount of titanium fumula tion.
  • water is preferred as solvent because it is inexpensive, non-flammable and harmless to health.
  • the solvent is selected from the group comprising ethanol, acetonitrile, tetrahydrofuran, dioxane, dimethyl sulfoxide, aromatic amines, monoalkylamines, dialkylamines, trialkylamines, monoalkanolamines, dialkanolamines and / or trialkanolamines, and mixtures of these solvents with water.
  • the aforementioned solvents have a relatively low vapor pressure, so that clogging of the nozzle of a T intenstr ahldruckkop fs by substance residues after evaporation of the solvent rarely occur and / or can be quickly remedied by suitable rinsing cycles.
  • the surface tension of the ink formulation may be> 20 mN / m to ⁇ 70 mN / m.
  • the surface tension can be determined by the hanging drop method. For example, a so-called tensiometer from Krüss model Kl 00 is suitable for this purpose.
  • the surface tension of the ink formulation can be, for example, in a range from> 25 mN / m to ⁇ 35 mN / m or from> 26 mN / m to ⁇ 33 mN / m, for example in a range of> 29 mN / m to ⁇ 31 mN / m.
  • Inks with such surface tensions work well in inkjet printers.
  • Even small structures can be displayed well on polar substrates such as glass, polyimide or polyethylene terephthalate.
  • the surface tension can be adjusted, for example, by the selection and concentration of the nonionic surfactant in the ink formulation.
  • the viscosity of the ink formulation according to the invention may be> 1 mPa s to ⁇ 100 mPa s, preferably to ⁇ 20 mPa s.
  • the viscosity can be determined by the standard DIN 51562 part 1 or with a commercially available rotational viscometer at a selected shear rate.
  • the viscosity may range from> 1.5 mPa s to ⁇ 10 mPa s or from> 2.0 mPa s to ⁇ 6 mPa s. It is also possible according to the invention that the viscosity is, for example, in a range of> 3 mPa s to ⁇ 4 mPa s. Inks with such viscosities work well in ink jet printers.
  • the invention further relates to a process for the preparation of the ink formulation according to the invention, in which the two components
  • Carrier component A at least containing an organic solvent, additives and water and
  • a silver ernanoparticles oil as component B at least containing a liquid dispersant and electrostatically stabilized silver nanoparticles, prepared separately and then added together so that the resulting ink formulation contains at least a) 1-50% by weight of organic solvent,
  • Component B (silver nanoparticle sol) contains the electrostatically stabilized silver particles preferably in an amount of from i to 65% by weight, more preferably from 18 to
  • component B 55 wt .-%, most preferably from 20 to 50 wt .-%, based on the total weight of component B.
  • the electrostatic dispersion stabilizer in the component B is preferably in an amount of 0.5 to 5% by weight, more preferably in an amount of 1 to 3% by weight, based on the weight of the silver of the silver nanoparticles in the Component B, included.
  • the silver particulate sol may be prepared, for example, by reduction of a silver salt in a liquid dispersant in the presence of an electrostatic dispersion stabilizer and any subsequent purification and concentration steps.
  • Suitable reducing agents are preferably thioureas, hydroxyacetone, boron hydrides, ice enammoniumcitr at, hydroquinone, ascorbic acid, dithionites, hydroxymethanesulfinic acid, disulfites, formamidinesulfinic acid, sulfuric acid, hydrazine, hydroxylamine, ethylenediamine, tetramethylethylenediamine and / or hydroxylamine sulfates.
  • Particularly preferred reducing agents are borohydrides.
  • Very particularly preferred reducing agent is sodium borohydride.
  • Suitable silver salts are, for example, and preferably silver nitrate, silver acetate, silver citrate. Particularly preferred is silver nitrate.
  • the component A) can be prepared, for example, by simply mixing the individual components of organic solvent, additives and water.
  • the two individual components ⁇ and B according to the invention are surprisingly storage-stable under suitable conditions over several months.
  • the invention further relates to a method for producing electrically conductive structures and / or coatings on a substrate - hereinafter referred to as method according to the invention - comprising the steps
  • Electrically conductive structures and or coatings here are in particular structures and surface coatings which have a conductivity of more than 1 ⁇ 10 6 S / m.
  • an electrical conductivity of the printed, dried and heat-treated ink formulation better than 5 - 10 6 S / m, for example, of 7 ⁇ 10 6 S / m can be achieved.
  • the substrate provided under A) can be a substrate made of an electrically insulating or poorly conductive, in particular also flexible, material.
  • this may be an article made of glass or plastic, such as a glass plate or a plastic film.
  • thermoplastics come into question.
  • These can be, for example, polycarbonates or copolycarbonates based on diphenols, poly- or copolyacrylates and poly- or copolymers of copolymethacrylate, such as, by way of example and by way of preference, polymethylmethacrylate, poly- or copolymers with styrene, such as by way of example and preferably transparent polystyrene or polystyrene (acrylonitrile), thermoplastic polyurethanes, and polyolefins, such as for example and preferably polypropylene types Polyvinylchloridtypen or polyolefins based on cyclic olefins (for example, TOPAS ®, Hoechst), poly- or copolycondensates of terephthalic acid, such as for example and preferably poly- or Copolyethy- terephthalate (PET or CoPET), glycolic modified PET (PET or CoPET), glycolic
  • the application of the ink formulation according to the invention in step B) can be structured, in particular by means of a printing process, preferably by means of ink-jet printing, or carried out as a surface application.
  • Suitable ink jet printing processes include, for example, thermal inkjet printing, piezoelectric inkjet printing, or continuous and drop-on-demand continuous inkjet (DOD) ink jet printing.
  • Step C) can advantageously be carried out in one step and, in particular, be carried out as sintering at favorable, mild temperatures with the solvent being released.
  • Step C) according to the invention may also include photonic low-temperature sintering and / or microwaves or laser-assisted.
  • the substrate preferably comprises a material which is selected from the group comprising glass, polyimide, polycarbonate, polyester, PVC and or polyamide, particularly preferably glass, polyimide (PI), polycarbonate (PC) and / or polyethylene terephthalate (PET). These materials are easy to print on and can easily be further functionalized, but the list of suitable materials is not exhaustive.
  • the heat treatment at at least one temperature of more than 40 ° C, preferably in a temperature range of 80 ° C to 180 ° C, most preferably in a range of 120 ° C to 160 ° C, for example 130 ° C or 140 ° C, done.
  • the selected temperature or the selected temperature ranges can advantageously be kept below the softening point of the substrate material used and adapted thereto.
  • the heat treatment in step C) over a period of 5 minutes to a day preferably over a period of time from 5 minutes to one hour, more preferably over a period of 7 minutes to 20 minutes, for example, over a period of 10 minutes or 15 minutes.
  • the short heat treatment times according to the invention provided in step C) are advantageous.
  • the invention further relates to an electrically conductive structure and / or coating on a substrate obtainable from an ink formulation according to the invention as described above, in particular by means of a printing process.
  • an ink formulation according to the invention as described above, in particular by means of a printing process. 1 lierbei the various embodiments of the ink formulation can be used individually or in combination mi tei nander for Fler ein the electrically conductive structure and / or coating.
  • the electrically conductive structures or coatings for example printed conductors, which are formed from the ink formulation according to the invention can be mechanically flexible so that they retain the conductivity even when the substrate material is stretched.
  • the electrically conductive structures or coatings can also have a particularly good adhesion to the common substrates, for example polycarbonate.
  • the invention also relates to the use of an inventive ink formulation as ink for inkjet printers and / or for producing electrically conductive structures and / or electrically conductive coatings on substrates.
  • flexible substrates can also be coated with the ink formulation according to the invention.
  • Another object of the invention are electrically conductive structures and / or coatings on a substrate, obtainable from an ink formulation according to the invention, in particular by means of a printing process, preferably by means of ink jet printing.
  • Such electrically conductive structures for examplenatina elements, sensor elements or Bondverb nian ngen for contacting with I lalbleiterbauianan be.
  • the novel ink formulation in flexographic printing or in aerosol-jet printing.
  • Another object of the invention are electrically conductive structures and / or coatings, in particular obtained by a method according to the present invention, in particular by means of the ink formulation according to the invention.
  • the method according to the invention can advantageously also be used for the production of flexible, electrically conductive structures which retain their conductivity even when the substrate is stretched or bent and, moreover, can show good adhesion to the substrate.
  • droplet formation is preferably achieved in a piezoelectrically driven printhead in the case of ink jet printing.
  • a sound wave is generated in the ink volume of the printing nozzle by means of the piezoelectric effect on the walls of the ink nozzle, which causes the ejection of an ink droplet in the direction of the printing substrate at the opening of the nozzle.
  • the advantage of the piezo-heads lies in the comparatively mild handling of the inks.
  • Factors influencing droplet formation in piezo technology are the velocity of the ink in the ink itself, the interfacial tensions between the materials involved, and the viscosity of the ink.
  • the drop size, -ges speed and shape and thus the Druckiser be afffiusst is a spherical droplet shape without satellite drops.
  • the piezo-inkjet process is particularly suitable for printing inks, with the aid of which image-structured functional images can be produced on a wide variety of substrates. There are wide variations in the selection of ink constituents and the optimization of the formation of droplets. Thus, the piezo technology allows a wide range of functional materials for targeted structured deposition.
  • the piezoelectrically driven printhead is operated with a drive voltage of> IV to ⁇ 40 V and a pulse width of> 1 to ⁇ 20 ⁇ .
  • the drive voltage can also be in a range from> 10 V to ⁇ 20 V or from> 14 V to ⁇ 18 V.
  • the pulse width can also be in a range from> 3 ⁇ to ⁇ 10 or from> 6 ⁇ s to ⁇ 7 ⁇ .
  • FIG. FIG. 1 is a graph showing the dependence of the conductivity of a coating obtainable from the ink formulation according to Example 2 from the sintering temperature over a heat treatment time of 10 minutes and.
  • FIG. 1 is a graph showing the dependence of the conductivity of a coating obtainable from the ink formulation according to Example 2 from the sintering temperature over a heat treatment time of 10 minutes and.
  • FIG. 2 shows in a diagram the dependence of the conductivity of a coating obtainable from the ink formulation according to Example 3 from the sintering temperature for a heat treatment time of 15 minutes.
  • the preparation of the silver nanoparticle sol was repeated, the dispersion according to the invention (Ag-Sol) being purified by diafiltration and concentrated to 32.6% by weight solids content of citrate-stabilized silver nanoparticles, based on the total weight of the dispersion.
  • the dispersion according to the invention (Ag-Sol) being purified by diafiltration and concentrated to 32.6% by weight solids content of citrate-stabilized silver nanoparticles, based on the total weight of the dispersion.
  • the ink formulation prepared in this way had a viscosity of 3-4 mPas and a surface tension of 29-31 mN / m at 20 ° C., measured with a Physica, type MCR 301 rheometer, at a shear rate of 1 / s.
  • the pH was 6.5.
  • An optionally possible adjustment of the pH according to the invention, for example with aqueous KOH, NaOH or with DMEA was therefore not necessary. With the above characteristics, it was suitable for ink-jet printing.
  • the finished T inten Formulation could be stored stable at 5- 10 ° C for 7 days.
  • conductive structures on Makrofol DE 1 - 1 films and on glass substrates could be obtained.
  • the ink formulation thus prepared had a viscosity of 3-4 mPa s and a surface tension of 26-28 mN / m at 20 ° C., measured with a Physica, type MCR 301 rheometer, at a shear rate of 1 / s ,
  • the pH was 6.5.
  • the finished ink formulation was stored stable at 5-10 ° C for 7 days. It was possible by means of inkjet printing and subsequent sintering at 140 ° C conductive structures on polycarbonate films (Makrofol ® DE 1 -1 films) and on glass substrates are obtained.
  • Example 2 The ink formulations of Examples 2 and 3 were used in a Dimatix Materials Printer DMP 2831 with a 10 plprint. For control was ei ne on this ink tailored waveform with a maximum voltage of 16 V and a pulse width of 6.5 ⁇ used. During printing, neither the printhead nor the substrate were heated.
  • Example 4 When compared with Example 4, it can be seen that with the ink formulation (Example 4) more concentrated on silver nanoparticles, better conductivity can be achieved with a shorter heat treatment time of 10 minutes. Both the better conductivity and the shorter sintering time are more favorable for the production and requirements of flexible printed electronics.

Abstract

L'invention concerne une formulation d'encre aqueuse contenant de l'argent pour la production de structures électro-conductrices, la formulation étant préparée en tant que système à deux composants à partir d'un composant véhicule A contenant au moins un solvant organique, des additifs et de l'eau et d'un sol de nanoparticules d'argent en tant que composant B, contenant au moins un dispersant liquide, des nanoparticules d'argent stabilisées et un stabilisant de dispersion électrostatique, et la formulation qui est composée des composants A et B contenant au moins a) de 1 à 50 % en poids de solvant organique, b) de 0,005 à 12 % en poids d'additifs, et c) de 40 à 70 % en poids d'eau, ainsi que d) de 15 à 50 % en poids de nanoparticules d'argent stabilisées électrostatiquement, la somme de l'ensemble des proportions de la formulation d'encre s'élevant respectivement à 100 % en poids. La présente invention concerne en outre un procédé pour la production de telles formulations d'encre ainsi qu'un procédé pour la production de structures et/ou de revêtements électro-conducteurs sur un substrat ainsi que l'utilisation d'une formulation d'encre selon la présente invention en tant qu'encre pour imprimante à jet d'encre et/ou pour la production de structures et de revêtements électro-conducteurs.
EP12729929.5A 2011-06-14 2012-06-13 Formulation d'encre aqueuse contenant de l'argent pour la production de structures électro-conductrices et procédé d'impression à jet d'encre pour la production de telles structures électro-conductrices Withdrawn EP2721114A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

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DE102011077492 2011-06-14
PCT/EP2012/061157 WO2012171936A1 (fr) 2011-06-14 2012-06-13 Formulation d'encre aqueuse contenant de l'argent pour la production de structures électro-conductrices et procédé d'impression à jet d'encre pour la production de telles structures électro-conductrices

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EP2721114A1 true EP2721114A1 (fr) 2014-04-23

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US (1) US20150037550A1 (fr)
EP (1) EP2721114A1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2014523459A (fr)
KR (1) KR20140040805A (fr)
CN (1) CN103732701A (fr)
CA (1) CA2838546A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO2012171936A1 (fr)

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WO2012171936A1 (fr) 2012-12-20
KR20140040805A (ko) 2014-04-03
US20150037550A1 (en) 2015-02-05
JP2014523459A (ja) 2014-09-11
CN103732701A (zh) 2014-04-16
CA2838546A1 (fr) 2012-12-20

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