Classifications

• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
  • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
  • E04D1/34—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
  • F24S25/30—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules using elongate rigid mounting elements extending substantially along the supporting surface, e.g. for covering buildings with solar heat collectors
  • F24S25/33—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules using elongate rigid mounting elements extending substantially along the supporting surface, e.g. for covering buildings with solar heat collectors forming substantially planar assemblies, e.g. of coplanar or stacked profiles
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
  • F24S25/60—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules
  • F24S25/61—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules for fixing to the ground or to building structures
  • F24S25/613—Fixation means, e.g. fasteners, specially adapted for supporting solar heat collector modules for fixing to the ground or to building structures in the form of bent strips or assemblies of strips; Hook-like connectors; Connectors to be mounted between building-covering elements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
  • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
  • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
  • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
  • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
  • E04D1/34—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements
  • E04D2001/3408—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements characterised by the fastener type or material
  • E04D2001/3414—Metal strips or sheet metal
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
  • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
  • E04D1/34—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements
  • E04D2001/3452—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements characterised by the location of the fastening means
  • E04D2001/3458—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements characterised by the location of the fastening means on the upper or lower transverse edges of the roof covering elements
• • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
  • E04—BUILDING
  • E04D—ROOF COVERINGS; SKY-LIGHTS; GUTTERS; ROOF-WORKING TOOLS
  • E04D1/00—Roof covering by making use of tiles, slates, shingles, or other small roofing elements
  • E04D1/34—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements
  • E04D2001/347—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements characterised by the fastening pattern
  • E04D2001/3473—Fastenings for attaching roof-covering elements to the supporting elements characterised by the fastening pattern fastening single roof elements to the roof structure with or without indirect clamping of neighbouring roof covering elements
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S20/00—Solar heat collectors specially adapted for particular uses or environments
  • F24S2020/10—Solar modules layout; Modular arrangements
  • F24S2020/13—Overlaying arrangements similar to roof tiles
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
  • F24S—SOLAR HEAT COLLECTORS; SOLAR HEAT SYSTEMS
  • F24S25/00—Arrangement of stationary mountings or supports for solar heat collector modules
  • F24S2025/01—Special support components; Methods of use
  • F24S2025/014—Methods for installing support elements
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/40—Solar thermal energy, e.g. solar towers
  • Y02E10/47—Mountings or tracking
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

• the invention relates to a fixing device for photovoltaic solar tile.
• Photovoltaic solar tile means a flat photovoltaic element providing the common functions of a photovoltaic module and roof covering for a building roof in the manner of a common tile or slate or other similar covering element.
• the roof covering is provided in a known manner by partially covering the elements together.
• a solar tile is manufactured from photovoltaic cells which may be, in particular, thin-film photovoltaic cells whose absorber layer is based on silicon, amorphous or microcrystalline, based on chalcopyrite compound, in particular of the CIS or CIGS type. or based on cadmium telluride.
• the photovoltaic cells may be formed from mono or poly-crystalline silicon wafers forming a p / n junction, or organic photovoltaic cells.
• the photovoltaic cells are laminated generally between two substrates constituting the front and rear faces of the tile, the front face being conventionally formed of a transparent glass substrate arranged facing the incident solar radiation, and the rear face made of a polymeric substrate.
• the tiles currently used are made from glass substrates 6 mm thick which are fixed using systems such as those described in EP 1 362 967 A1.
• Such fastening systems comprise hooks whose section is S-shaped, and support rails on which the hooks are fixed.
• the support rails are made integral with the breakdowns of the frame.
• the hooks are arranged perpendicular to the rails, each hook having an end fixed to the rail, while the second end extends in an upper plane and parallel to the first end.
• the second end of the hook has a return in which is inserted by wedging the lower edge of a glass substrate.
• the company Swiss Solar System has nonetheless developed a product that meets the standard, while using glass substrates of reduced thickness to 5mm.
• the overlap area between tiles has been reduced from 120 mm to 50 mm.
• the purpose of the invention is therefore to propose a fixing system solution for photovoltaic solar tiles, the glass substrates of which may have a thickness of less than 6 mm if necessary, thereby reducing the weight of the roof while meeting safety standards. solar roofs.
• the reduction in thickness improves the light transmission of the glass.
• the fastening device for solar tiles of the invention comprises at least one elongated hook whose section has a general S shape, having a fastening core, a receiving surface parallel to the core, a wing connecting the to the receiving surface orthogonally thereto and corresponding to the folding zone of the S, the receiving surface being intended to carry a so-called upper tile and serving for the resumption of the pressure forces undergone by the tile such as a snow load, and at the end of the reception area, opposite the wing, a bent back towards the wing to provide a housing for maintaining the tile in the direction crawling by providing a stop-stop and ensuring the tile with a holding to the depression such as the wind.
• the device is characterized in that the hook is reinforced by dimensions adapted in thickness and width.
• Height refers to the dimension that is orthogonal to the roof plane.
• the hook has an elongated body having two parallel main faces, one intended to be facing the external environment of the roof in the mounted position of the hook and said "front face” or external, and the other opposite, called “Rear face” or internal intended to be facing the frame.
• the "length” of the hook is understood by the dimensional size according to the longitudinal extension of the body of the hook. Its “height” is understood by the dimension extending between the two main faces of the hook. Its “width” is understood by the size transverse to length and height.
• the hook comprises reinforcement means consisting of ribs associated with the wing and / or a fixed rigid oblique connection, on the one hand, of the wing and, on the other hand, of the surface of Home.
• the cantilever of the hook between the bottom of the bent return and the closest point of attachment at the level of the fastening core is at least 120 mm.
• Cantilever means the lever arm between the bottom of the elbow return and the fixing point of the hook which is closest to the wing of the hook.
• Such a cantilever hook allows to arrange two successive solar tiles, including a lower tile and an upper tile, with sufficient coverage for get a good seal, the two tiles being located on either side of the reception part of the hook.
• the hook has a yield point greater than or equal to 500 N, preferably greater than or equal to 800 N.
• the elastic limit of the hook is the maximum load for which there is a reversible elastic deformation of the hook and beyond which there is a residual plastic deformation of the hook.
• the elastic limit of the hook is determined by a test carried out on an Instron tensile machine, which makes it possible to characterize the elastic and then plastic deformation of the hook subjected to a load applied at the bent back of the hook, that is to say in Overhang relative to the fixing points of the hook provided at the fastening core, by drawing the curve giving the load applied in Newtons as a function of the displacement of the bent return in mm.
• the applied load chosen for the test for determining the elastic limit of the hook is a tensile force in the direction of tearing of the hook relative to its support, which corresponds to a depression of a roof slope under the effect of the wind.
• This wind-breaking configuration is used to determine the elastic limit of the hook because it corresponds to the situation where the hook is the most mechanically stressed. Indeed, in the case of a tear-off load in the wind, only the hook is stressed, while in the case of a snow load, the frame retrieves part of the load.
• the elastic limit of the hook is manifested in particular by a change of slope on the curve of the load applied as a function of displacement.
• the hook has a width greater than 30 mm, preferably at least 40 mm, and a thickness of at least 4 mm.
• the hook is made of a material such as steel, having a rigidity of at least 275 M Pa, so that its elastic limit, for a width of 40 mm and a material thickness of 4 mm, is preferably at least 800 N.
• the hook is coated with an epoxy resin for corrosion resistance and provides electrical insulation.
• the fixing web of the hook is fixed to the frame using at least three screws arranged in staggered rows.
• the fixing device comprises at least one wedge provided with a notch in which the hook is accommodated and held, the flange of the hook being abutted against the bottom of the notch and the receiving surface. hook being located above the wedge in the mounted position of the device. The wedge makes it possible to position the fixing hook, to secure its fixation and to support on a small portion a lower solar tile.
• the wedge has means for holding the hook in the notch.
• the wedge has a bearing surface of at least 15 mm intended to receive by support the upper end of a lower tile to oppose the forces generated by snow-type climate loading.
• the fixing device for fixing a solar tile 4 mm thick, the fixing device comprises three wedges and three hooks, in particular for a surface tile between 0.65 and 1.65 m 2 .
• the fixing device comprises at least one smooth integrally having at least three shims.
• the rail is a support and tracking system for holds and hooks.
• the fixing device comprises at least one removable mounting system providing a template for laying the shim or shims.
• the template is made of sheet metal and includes lateral cheeks which allow said template to be positioned in rails for positioning the fastening device and for supporting the solar tiles.
• the fixing device of the invention is used for the assembly on a framework of solar tiles whose glass substrates have a glass thickness of less than 6 mm, preferably equal to 4 or 5 mm, in particular the solar tiles forming all or part of a roof.
• the solar tiles between a lower tile and an upper tile advantageously have a covering distance of about 120 mm depending on the slope of the roof.
• the fixing device of the invention comprises at least one lath, preferably of wood, on which are fixed at least three hooks and corresponding wedges positioning the hooks.
• the subject of the invention is also an assembly, in particular a solar roof, comprising at least two solar tiles and a fixing device as described above, in which the glass substrate of each solar tile has a thickness of glass that is strictly less than 6 mm, preferably equal to 4 or 5 mm, and the solar tiles have a recovery distance of the order of 120 mm.
• FIG. 1 is a top view and in perspective of a roof comprising photovoltaic solar tiles
• FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view along a vertical plane of two solar tiles upper and lower overlapping and fixed to a frame;
• FIG. 3 is a partial perspective view and from above of the frame and the fixing device of the invention.
• FIG. 4 is a sectional view along a vertical plane of Figure 3 with fixing a tile
• FIG. 5 is a perspective view from above of a hook of the fastening device of the invention;
• - Figure 6 is a longitudinal sectional view of the hook of Figure 5;
• FIG. 7 is a perspective view from below of a variant of the hook of Figure 5;
• FIG. 8 is a perspective view from above of a shim of the fastening device of the invention.
• FIG. 9 is a perspective view from above of a mounting template of the fastening device of the invention.
• FIG. 10 is a partial perspective view from above of the frame during assembly of the fixing device by means of the template of Figure 9;
• FIG. 1 is a perspective view of a mounting plate of the device of the invention
• FIGS. 12 and 13 are curves illustrating comparative tests for strength, respectively load and tear, for a 4 mm tile combined with the fixing device of the invention and a 6 mm tile combined with the device fixing the prior art;
• FIG. 14 is a perspective view and top, partial, of two tiles overlapping.
• FIG. 1 illustrates a partial view of a solar roof 1 according to the invention mounted on a frame 1A, illustrated very schematically, of a dwelling.
• the roof has an outer face 10 facing the external environment and intended to receive the light energy, and an inner face 1 1 opposite to the frame 1A. It has a slope like most roofs.
• the roof has a cover 2 formed by the association of planar solar tiles.
• Solar tiles unlike photovoltaic modules, are devoid of frame.
• the tiles comprise photovoltaic cells which may be, in particular, thin-film photovoltaic cells whose absorber layer is based on silicon, amorphous or microcrystalline, based on chalcopyrite compound, in particular of the CIS or CIGS type, or on cadmium telluride base.
• the photovoltaic cells may be formed from mono or poly-crystalline silicon wafers forming a p / n junction, or organic photovoltaic cells.
• the photovoltaic cell or cells are laminated between two substrates constituting the front and rear faces of the tile, the front face being formed of a transparent glass substrate arranged facing the incident solar radiation (outer face of the roof ), and the rear or internal face made of a polymeric substrate.
• the tiles have a thickness of at most 5 mm, and preferably 4 mm. Compared to existing tiles 6 mm thick, we gain in weight of roof. It also provides better energy performance since decreasing the thickness of the glass decreases the absorption of solar energy through the glass thereby increasing the absorption of energy by the photovoltaic cells.
• the tiles have the following surface dimensions:
• the tiles are arranged in a pattern called "landscape” or “portrait”. In portrait, the largest dimension is arranged in the direction of the slope of the roof while in landscape, the largest dimension is transverse to the direction of the slope.
• the tiles are overlapped with each other in the manner of conventional tiles or slates, giving a unitary and continuous surface appearance.
• the C covering of the tiles is 120 mm in the direction of the slope of the roof, in particular for tiles whose dimension in the direction of the slope is 962 mm, or 1 120 mm, or 1278 mm.
• FIG. 14 illustrates this covering C of two upper and lower tiles 20A and 20B. Also visible by transparency the fixing device.
• the fixing device With reference to FIG. 2 showing a partial cross-sectional view of the fixing of an upper tile 20A overlapping a lower tile 20B, the upper part 22 of the lower tile 20B is covered on a 120 mm overlap C by the lower part. 21 of the upper tile 20A and its fixing means 3.
• the frame 1 A is understood by all means of support and help in fixing the roof.
• the frame 1A comprises, as is the case, failures 12 perpendicular to the direction of the slope of the roof, the rafters 13 fixed on and transversally to the purlins 12, that is to say say in the direction of the slope, and the battens 14 reported on the rafters 13 parallel to the purlins.
• wooden slats 15 are added parallel to and between the slats 14, and metal rails 16 are attached to the slats 15 and extending transversely thereto, in the direction of the slope of the slats 14. the roof.
• the center distance of the rails 16 corresponds to the width of a solar tile.
• each rail 16 comprises a central wall 18 and two lateral grooves 17 on either side of the central wall and delimited by respective lateral walls 19A and 19B, the grooves having their grooves in look at the external environment.
• the upper free edge of the side walls 19A and 19B constitutes a support surface of the tiles, two adjacent tiles being intended to rest respectively, one on the edge 19A and the other on the edge 19B.
• the rail 16 does not need to include two lateral grooves 17, only a side wall edge 19A is sufficient to support the edge tiles.
• Each of the upper free edges of the side walls 19A and 19B is overlapped by a seal 7 on which the tiles are placed.
• the seals 7 are only arranged in the direction of the slope. There is no sealing at the overlap of the tiles transversely to the direction of the slope to maintain a natural air gap. It is indeed essential to provide an open section perpendicular to the direction of the slope for the introduction of a flow of air that provides natural ventilation for each of the tiles so as not to increase the temperature of photovoltaic cells whose performance otherwise decreases.
• the fixing of hooks by the wedges 4 does not disturb the air flow under the tiles.
• each seal 7 has a non-constant section to absorb the difference in level between the tiles because of their overlap.
• the rails in addition to their function of supporting the tiles, guarantee through their grooves 17 the waterproofness of the roof. In case of water infiltration at the edge of the tiles, the water will fall into the grooves and run down to the lower end of the rails at a skeleton of the frame to open into a gutter of the roof.
• the solar tiles are assembled to the frame by the device of the invention which comprises fastening hooks 3 and shims 4.
• each glass substrate has a thickness of 4 mm and is fixed with three hooks visible in detail in Figures 5 to 7.
• the three hooks 3 are fixed at regular intervals on each slat 15, and cooperate with three wedges 4 respectively.
• the device comprises, according to alternative embodiments, a positioning jig 5 (FIG. 9) or a support beam 6 (FIG. 11).
• each hook has a generally S-shaped shape and comprises a fastening core 30, a reception or support surface 31 of the glass, and a return 32 for retaining the glass.
• the core 30 and the receiving surface 31 are arranged in two distinct parallel planes and interconnected by a wing 33 which is orthogonal to them.
• the core 30 is intended to be fixed on the attached slats 15 of the frame ( Figure 2), such as by screwing.
• the core 30 has bores 34 visible in Figure 5, preferably at least three which are arranged staggered to prevent fracture of the wood fibers of the batten during screwing.
• the receiving surface 31 receives the upper tile 20A, more precisely its lower part 21.
• the retaining return 32 is arranged at the end of the reception surface, opposite the wing 30.
• the retaining return 32 has a bottom 32a perpendicular to the reception surface 31 and extending vertically in a direction opposite to the web 30 of the hook, as well as a tab 32b connected to the bottom 32a and parallel to the reception surface 31 extending towards the core 30.
• the return 32 provides a U-shaped housing 35 for retaining the lower free end 21 of the upper tile 20A, the edge of the glass bearing against the bottom 32b of the return ( Figure 2).
• the height of the housing corresponds to the thickness of the glass of the tile so that the tile is kept tight without being introduced in force.
• the dimensions of the hook are the following, with regard to FIGS. 5 and 6:
• the hooks are preferably of a material having a rigidity of at least 275 M Pa, for example steel.
• Stainless steel is not suitable.
• its elastic limit is 800 N.
• the rigidity is provided by reinforcing means which consist of a rigid oblique connection which is arranged under the receiving surface 31 and integral on the one hand with the wing 33 and on the other hand with the receiving surface 31.
• the reinforcing means could be in the form of ribs associated with the wing 33.
• the wedges 4 which are combined with the hooks 3 are useful for the jamming of the lower tiles 20B.
• each shim 4 is placed under the receiving surface 31 of the fastening hook 3, coplanar with the fastening core 30 and abutting against the orthogonal wing 33. It assures the support of the upper end 22 of the lower solar tile 20B.
• each wedge 4 is of parallelepipedal general shape.
• Its thickness or height h c is less than the height h of the orthogonal wing 33 of the hook, so as to fit under the receiving surface 31 of the hook ( Figure 2), between its outer surface 45 and the facing face 33b of the reception surface 31, a space 8. This space is intended to accommodate in a tight engagement the upper end 22 of the lower solar tile 20B.
• the length L c of the shim 4 is sufficient to provide (FIG. 2) a bearing zone Z at the upper end 22 of the glass of at least 15 mm, for example 17 mm, reducing the risk of deformation of the tile .
• the wedge 4 is a unitary element according to the first variant of the invention and as illustrated in FIG. 8, when it is positioned by means of the template 5. Each wedge independently is fixed on the slat 15.
• the wedge 4 is an integral part of the rail 6 ( Figure 1 1) nevertheless having the same characteristics.
• three wedges 4 are integral with the rail 6.
• the positioning and fixing of the wedges on the batten 15 are therefore made by the joining of the rail 6 to the batten.
• the shim is made of plastic material, such as thermoplastic or composite material, for example based on polyamide PA6-GF40.
• each shim 4 cooperates with a hook 3.
• this cooperation with reference to FIG. 3 is obtained by the engagement of the fastening core 30 at the level of the wing 33 of the hook in a notch 40 provided on one side of the hold. This notch provides both a guide for fixing the hook and its lateral support, perpendicular to the slope of the roof.
• the notch 40 comprises a bottom 41 against which the hook wing 33 is intended to abut, and side walls 42 immobilizing the hook transversely to its length.
• the width of the notch between the two side walls is very substantially greater than the width of the hook, in particular 43 mm for a hook width of 40 mm.
• the notch 40 has dimensions adapted to ensure the maintenance of the hook aligned in the direction of the slope after fixing the wedges so that the hook ensures in time its function of mechanical fixing of the tile.
• one of the walls 42 of the notch comprises, at its free end opposite the bottom 41, a shoulder or a protruding pin 43. Once the hook engaged in the notch, this pin 43 avoids before screwing the fastening core 30 a natural tilting of the hook due to the positioning of its center of gravity at the level of the reception surface 31.
• the wedge 4 Due to this projecting pin 43, the engagement of the hook 3 in the notch can only be done by insertion via the top of the notch and lateral pivoting.
• the wedge 4 has opposite the notch 40 a chamfer 44 whose inclination extends between the two main bearing faces 45 and 46 of the wedge and in the opposite direction of the notch.
• the wedge 4 comprises for its fixing a countersink 47. The fixing being made by screwing, the countersink allows a flat head screw does not protrude beyond the outer surface 45 of the hold so as not to create singular point of support for the tile and avoid any deterioration of the tile glass by indentation.
• the template 5 is used.
• the metal template 5 is an elongated core element 50 with opposite main faces 51 and 52, and comprising three brackets 53 and two lateral cheeks 54. It has for its removable attachment clamping means 57.
• the brackets 53 are fixed at regular intervals on one of the faces 51 of the core and protrude vis-à-vis one of the free edges of the soul. They are used to position the wedges 4.
• the cheeks 54 are arranged on the face 52 of the soul. They serve to position the template 5.
• FIG. 10 illustrates a partial view of the frame at the edge of the roof, during mounting of the fixing device using the template 5.
• FIG. note that the rail 16 of the roof edge has only one groove 17.
• the cheeks 54 make it possible to position the jig 5 on the roof by their abutment against the wall 18 of the rails.
• the momentary fixing of the template on the rails, in order to mount the wedges and the hooks, is obtained by clamping means 57, such as eccentric rollers.
• clamping means 57 such as eccentric rollers.
• the free edge of the wall 18 of the rails comprises a notch (not visible) in which the template is housed along its width. So that the same template is adapted to different widths of solar tile, a cheek 54 is fixed while the other is movable being adjustable in translation along the length of the template. Fixing this movable cheek is performed by screwing on the core.
• each bracket 53 has two orthogonal wings 53a and 53b, the wing 53a being fastened by screwing to the main face 51 while the wing 53b projects from the edge of the web of the template and extends towards the other main face 52 of the soul.
• the distal end of the wing 53b, opposite to that connected to the other wing 53a, is connected to a step 55 orthogonal to the wing 53b and extended by a counter 56 which is perpendicular thereto.
• the height from the free end of the counter-force to the web 50 of the template is defined to correspond to the altitude that must be imposed on the reception surface 31 of the hooks 3 receiving the tiles.
• the free end against the step, when the template is placed on the rails 17, is based on the wooden batten 15.
• each wedge 4 is placed against the slat 15 so that its notch 40 cooperates with the step 56 which abuts against the bottom 41 of said notch.
• the wedges 4 are then fixed in their thickness by means of a flat head screw inserted into the counterbore 47.
• the template 5 is removed.
• the shims 4 are thus positioned to receive the hooks 3.
• the hooks can therefore be properly arranged according to a precise alignment and secure mounting.
• mounting wedges 4 are connected to a support rail 6 as illustrated in Figure 1 1.
• the rail 6, preferably of aluminum material, has a length corresponding to the spacing of two rails 16. It comprises three shims 4 made integral for example by interlocking, or integral part of the rail by the manufacturing process.
• the rail has a width less than the length L c of the shims.
• the arrangement of the wedges engenders the notches 40 protruding from a longitudinal edge of the bar while the chamfers 44 terminate at the other longitudinal edge of the bar.
• the bar is fixed by screwing in the batten 15.
• the mounting of the hooks 3 can be performed as in the first embodiment described above, by their interlocking in the notches 40 of the wedges 4.
• the fastening device of the invention provides a particularly secure fastening for solar tiles of only 4 mm thick, whereas the devices of the prior art can only cooperate with 6 mm tiles.
• the device of the invention has been tested to meet the weight resistance of the snow (overpressure test) and the wind (depression test).
• a tile 4 mm thick and 962 mm x 1296 mm surface is fixed thanks to the wedges 4 and three hooks 3 of the device of the invention. Each hook is fixed by five screws.
• the hooks of the invention have the following dimensional characteristics, as already mentioned above in the example:
• the thickness of the steel of the hooks is 4 mm with a 0.7 mm epoxy coating
• the width of the hooks is 40 mm - the length of the hooks is 230 mm
• the size of the tab 32b of the return 32 is 18 mm.
• a frame carried by a spreader is applied to the top of the tile via suction cups which are controlled by pneumatic cylinders, the latter exerting either thrust forces (overpressure test) or tensile forces (depression test).
• the tile undergoes three continuous cycles with each a thrust of 5400 Pa and a traction of 2400 Pa.
• the curve C1 corresponds to measurement points in the center of the tile for the 4 mm tile and the fixing device of the invention
• curve C2 corresponds to measurement points on the central hook of the fastening device of the invention
• curve C3 corresponds to measuring points in the center of the tile for the 6 mm tile and the fixing device of the prior art
• curve C4 corresponds to measurement points on the central hook of the fixing device of the prior art.
• the curves express the deformation in mm of the tile or hook as a function of the applied pressure. It can be seen that for overpressure tests (FIG. 12), the 4 mm solar tile associated with the device of the invention (curve C1) undergoes much less deformation than the tile of the prior art (curve C3), while as the hooks (curve C2 compared to curve C4). For the vacuum tests ( Figure 13), it is found that the 4 mm solar tile (curve C1) has a little more deformed than a 6 mm tile (curve C3), but that at least the devices of fixation are equivalent (curves C2 and C4). Despite the deformed, the 4 mm tile meets safety standards.

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