Classifications

• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/04—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof adapted as photovoltaic [PV] conversion devices
  • H01L31/042—PV modules or arrays of single PV cells
  • H01L31/048—Encapsulation of modules
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
  • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
  • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
  • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
  • H02S20/24—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures specially adapted for flat roofs
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/02—Details
  • H01L31/02002—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations
  • H01L31/02005—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier
  • H01L31/02008—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells or solar cell modules
  • H01L31/02013—Arrangements for conducting electric current to or from the device in operations for device characterised by at least one potential jump barrier or surface barrier for solar cells or solar cell modules comprising output lead wires elements
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
  • H01L—SEMICONDUCTOR DEVICES NOT COVERED BY CLASS H10
  • H01L31/00—Semiconductor devices sensitive to infrared radiation, light, electromagnetic radiation of shorter wavelength or corpuscular radiation and specially adapted either for the conversion of the energy of such radiation into electrical energy or for the control of electrical energy by such radiation; Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment thereof or of parts thereof; Details thereof
  • H01L31/18—Processes or apparatus specially adapted for the manufacture or treatment of these devices or of parts thereof
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S20/00—Supporting structures for PV modules
  • H02S20/20—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object
  • H02S20/22—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings
  • H02S20/23—Supporting structures directly fixed to an immovable object specially adapted for buildings specially adapted for roof structures
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S30/00—Structural details of PV modules other than those related to light conversion
  • H02S30/10—Frame structures
• • H—ELECTRICITY
  • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
  • H02S—GENERATION OF ELECTRIC POWER BY CONVERSION OF INFRARED RADIATION, VISIBLE LIGHT OR ULTRAVIOLET LIGHT, e.g. USING PHOTOVOLTAIC [PV] MODULES
  • H02S40/00—Components or accessories in combination with PV modules, not provided for in groups H02S10/00 - H02S30/00
  • H02S40/30—Electrical components
  • H02S40/34—Electrical components comprising specially adapted electrical connection means to be structurally associated with the PV module, e.g. junction boxes
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02B—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO BUILDINGS, e.g. HOUSING, HOUSE APPLIANCES OR RELATED END-USER APPLICATIONS
  • Y02B10/00—Integration of renewable energy sources in buildings
  • Y02B10/10—Photovoltaic [PV]
• • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
  • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
  • Y02E—REDUCTION OF GREENHOUSE GAS [GHG] EMISSIONS, RELATED TO ENERGY GENERATION, TRANSMISSION OR DISTRIBUTION
  • Y02E10/00—Energy generation through renewable energy sources
  • Y02E10/50—Photovoltaic [PV] energy

Definitions

• the invention relates to a solar module, a method for producing a solar module and a flat roof with solar module.
• Photovoltaic layer systems for the direct conversion of solar radiation into electrical energy are well known.
• the materials and the arrangement of the layers are coordinated so that incident radiation from one or more semiconducting layers with the highest possible radiation yield is converted directly into electrical current.
• Photovoltaic and extensive coating systems are called solar cells.
• Solar cells contain semiconductor material in all cases. The largest known efficiencies of more than 20% are achieved with high-performance solar cells made of monocrystalline, polycrystalline or microcrystalline silicon or gallium arsenide. More than 80% of the currently installed solar cell power is based on crystalline silicon. Thin film solar cells require carrier substrates to provide sufficient mechanical strength.
• thin-film systems with amorphous, micromorphous or polycrystalline silicon, cadmium telluride (CdTe), gallium arsenide (GaAs), copper indium (gallium) selenide sulfide (Cu (ln, Ga) (S, Se) 2 ), copper-zinc-tin-sulfo-selenide (CZTS) and organic semiconductors are particularly suitable for solar cells.
• CdTe cadmium telluride
• GaAs gallium arsenide
• CZTS copper-zinc-tin-sulfo-selenide
• organic semiconductors are particularly suitable for solar cells.
• the pentenary semiconductor Cu (In, Ga) (S, Se) 2 belongs to the group of chalcopyrite semiconductors, often referred to as CIS (copper indium diselenide or sulfide) or CIGS (copper indium gallium diselenide, copper indium gallium disulfide or copper indium gallium disulfoselenide).
• CIS copper indium diselenide or sulfide
• CIGS copper indium gallium diselenide, copper indium gallium disulfide or copper indium gallium disulfoselenide.
• S in the abbreviation CIGS stands for selenium, sulfur or a mixture of both chalcogens.
• An electrical circuit of several solar cells is referred to as a photovoltaic or solar module.
• the circuit of solar cells is permanently protected from environmental influences in known weather-resistant structures.
• two slices of low-iron soda-lime glass and adhesion-promoting polymer films are connected to the solar cells to form a weather-resistant solar module.
• the solar modules can be connected via junction boxes or connection housing in a circuit of several solar modules to be involved.
• the circuit of solar modules is connected via known power electronics with the public utility network or a self-sufficient electrical power supply.
• Flat roofs of warehouses or industrial plants have a large, exposed and unpaved surface. They are therefore particularly well suited for the installation of photovoltaic systems.
• the roof of flat roofs is usually made of metal sheets and, for example, trapezoidal sheets.
• Flat roofs usually have only a low roof pitch of 2% to 17.6% and have only a low load-bearing capacity of, for example, 75 kg / m 2 .
• Solar modules according to the prior art in which the solar cells are laminated between two slices of soda-lime glass, have a high basis weight of, for example, 18 kg / m 2 . They are therefore not suitable for mounting on flat roofs with low load capacity.
• US 2010/00651 16 A1 discloses a thin-glass solar module with a basis weight of 5 kg / m 2 to 10 kg / m 2 .
• the thin-glass solar module comprises a carrier layer, solar cells and a front pane of very thin, chemically hardened glass.
• the very thin glass is flexible.
• the windshield is so flexible that the impact energy of a hailstone is absorbed by the carrier layer on the back of the solar module in the legally required hail impact test.
• Such a structure is not suitable for high-power solar cells made of crystalline silicon.
• the crystalline silicon is brittle and would break due to the bending of the windscreen. This usually leads to the destruction of a large area of the solar cell, even if the windscreen is so flexible that it is not damaged.
• the solar cells are connected by bus bars and the bus bars are led out of the solar module.
• the bus bars are led out, for example, at an outer edge of the solar module from the composite of the two panes.
• the bus bars are led around the outer edge and on the Glued back of the solar module.
• the exit point of the composite busbar is a weak point for mechanical damage to the busbar. In addition, moisture can easily penetrate into the solar module at the exit point.
• JP 2003 161 003 A describes an encapsulated solar module in which a watertight and thin connection box is arranged on the rear side of the solar module.
• the housing of the solar module is integrally molded from a resin.
• DE 197 12 747 A1 discloses a photovoltaic solar module with an incident light facing Au OHusion, at least one in the light incident direction behind creating a disc space with spaced inner cover and the Au OHusion and the inner cover circumferentially tightly interconnecting edge structure. Between the outer pane and the inner cover embedded solar cells in cast resin, composite film (s) or the like are arranged. The solar cells are connected to an electrically interconnecting conductor system, lead from the connecting lines for electrical connection with adjacent other solar modules in the lying outside of the solar module area.
• FR 2 362 494 A1 describes a solar module with series-connected solar cells, in which the Au 88an gleich is arranged in the edge region of the solar module.
• connection system for the electrical connection of the solar module.
• the connection system comprises a connector element for external electrical connection of the module.
• the connector element includes a mechanical connection means for another connector element so that the connector system is modularly expandable.
• the Connector element is preferably arranged in the corner region of the solar panel or to a certain extent on a main surface of the solar panel.
• WO 2008/148524 A2 discloses a solar module with an electrical connection system for the electrical connection of the solar module.
• the connection system comprises a connector element which is arranged on the edge of the solar module on a projection of a first disc over a second disc.
• EP 1 860 705 A1 discloses a stable, self-supporting solar module, which is arranged at its outer regions in a mounting frame.
• the mounting frame has notches through which liquids located on the solar module can drain.
• DE 10 2009 016 735 A1 describes a solar module with a windshield and a rear window, wherein one of the disks has a thickness of at least 3 mm and the other has a thickness of at most 2 mm.
• DE 10 2008 049 890 A1 discloses a photovoltaic arrangement with a transparent plastic layer and a photovoltaic module arranged on one side of the transparent plastic layer.
• the photovoltaic module has at least one photovoltaic cell which is arranged between a front side covering layer facing the transparent plastic layer and a rear side covering layer facing away from the plastic layer.
• US 4,830,038 A describes a solar module which is supported and encapsulated by an elastomer.
• the elastomer is cast in an injection molding process around the back, sides and part of the front.
• the object of the present invention is to provide a solar module with improved lead-out of the bus bars.
• the improved solar module should be particularly lightweight and suitable for installation on a flat roof.
• the object of the present invention is achieved by a solar module according to claim 1. Preferred embodiments will become apparent from the dependent claims. Furthermore, the invention comprises a method for producing a Solar module. A use of the solar module according to the invention is evident from further claims.
• the solar module according to the invention comprises
• Interlayer at least one solar cell, a second intermediate layer and a windscreen and
• the carrier layer has a circumferential projection over the windshield, the first edge reinforcing layer above the circumferential overhang
• the second edge reinforcing layer is disposed above the first edge reinforcing layer and having an opening and the bus bar is disposed in the recess and in the opening.
• the carrier layer has a circumferential projection over the front pane of at least 0.3 cm, preferably from 0.5 cm to 5 cm and particularly preferably from 1 to 2 cm.
• the edge reinforcing layer can be arranged on the supernatant and glued to the supernatant, for example. As a result, secure attachment of the edge reinforcement and additional protection of the outer edge of the solar module are achieved. Furthermore, the outer edge of the solar module is protected against penetrating moisture, in particular in the area in which the bus bars are led out between the front screen and the carrier layer.
• the solar cell comprises a monocrystalline or polycrystalline solar cell, preferably with a doped semiconductor material such as silicon or gallium arsenide.
• the solar cell comprises a thin-film solar cell, which is preferably amorphous, micromorphous or polycrystalline Silicon, cadmium telluride (CdTe), gallium arsenide (GaAs), copper indium (gallium) selenide sulfide (Cu (In, Ga) (S, Se) 2 ), copper-zinc-tin-sulfo Selenide (CZTS) or organic semiconductors contains.
• CdTe cadmium telluride
• GaAs gallium arsenide
• Cu (In, Ga) (S, Se) 2 copper-zinc-tin-sulfo Selenide
• organic semiconductors contains.
• the solar cell comprises a tandem cell of two superimposed solar cells of different types, for example a crystalline silicon solar cell in combination with a thin-film solar cell, an organic solar cell or an amorphous silicon solar cell.
• the solar cell comprises all solar cells, which are themselves brittle and / or their support material and break or damage by slight bending or punctual load with low forces.
• a slight bending means, for example, a curvature with a radius of curvature of less than 1500 mm.
• a point load with low forces means, for example, an indentation by the impact of a hailstone with a diameter of 25 mm and a speed of 23 m / s in a hail impact test.
• Damage means a deterioration of the photovoltaic properties of the solar cell due to mechanical damage to the semiconductor material, the carrier material or electrical line connections, for example due to a short circuit or a line break.
• the damage to the solar cell reduces the efficiency of the solar cell, for example, immediately after the impact by more than 3%. Usually, a further deterioration of the efficiency due to microcracks occurs over time.
• the first and / or second intermediate layer contains an adhesive layer, preferably one or more adhesive films, more preferably ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), polyvinyl butyral (PVB), ionomers, thermoplastic polyurethane (TPU), thermoplastic elastomer polyolefin (TPO), thermoplastic elastomer (TPE) or other materials with appropriate adhesive and moisture-proofing properties.
• an adhesive layer may vary widely and is preferably from 0.2 mm to 1 mm and in particular 0.4 mm.
• the outer dimensions of the solar module according to the invention can vary widely and are preferably from 0.6 mx 0.6 m to 1.2 mx 2.4 m.
• One Inventive solar module preferably contains from 6 to 100 individual solar cells or solar cell arrays.
• the area of a single solar cell is preferably from 153 mm ⁇ 153 mm to 178 mm ⁇ 178 mm.
• the windshield contains a material which is largely transparent to sunlight, preferably glass, particularly preferably flat glass, float glass, quartz glass, borosilicate glass, solar glass, soda-lime glass, or polymers, preferably polyethylene, polypropylene, polycarbonate, polymethyl methacrylate and / or mixtures thereof.
• the windscreen particularly preferably contains low-iron soda-lime glass with a particularly high transparency for sunlight of more than 90% in a wavelength range of 300 nm to 1500 nm.
• the windscreen preferably contains thermally toughened or tempered glass with a preload of 30 MPa to 120 MPa, and preferably from 32 MPa to 85 MPa.
• the windshield may have additional additional coatings, such as anti-reflection coatings, anti-adhesion coatings or anti-scratch coatings.
• the windscreen can have a one-sided or two-sided microstructuring or nanostructuring, which for example reduces the reflection of incident sunlight.
• the windscreen may be a single disk or a composite disk of two or more disks.
• the composite pane may contain further layers, such as transparent thermoplastic adhesive layers or plastic layers.
• the windscreen must be sufficiently stable and unyielding to protect the underlying solar cells from damage. Possible causes of damage include hailstorm, wind load, snow load or bending during assembly as well as entry by persons or animals or the fall class of a tool. At the same time the windscreen should be as thin as possible and have a low weight to be suitable for mounting on flat roofs with low wearing capacity.
• solar modules according to the invention with windscreens of partially prestressed or tempered soda lime glass with a thickness of at least 0.9 mm meet the technical requirements with respect to torsional rigidity and stability.
• windscreens according to the invention with a thickness of at least 0.9 mm offer sufficient protection for crystalline solar cells contained in the solar module in the hail impact test according to IEC 61215.
• the hail impact test comprises fitting the front side of the solar module with hailstones having a diameter of 25 mm and a speed of 23 m / s.
• the windscreen according to the invention has sufficient stability and intransigence to absorb the energy of the impact of a hailstone without damaging the crystalline solar cell inside the solar module.
• the windscreen can be flexible and resilient under load. The forces occurring are absorbed by the carrier layer. Deflecting windshields, that is windshields made of flexible materials or very thin front windows are not suitable for solar modules with brittle or crystalline solar cells. The crystalline solar cell would break due to the bending of the windscreen. This usually leads to the destruction of a large area of the solar cell, even if the windscreen is not damaged.
• the thickness of the windscreen significantly determines the weight of the solar module.
• windscreens with a thickness of at most 2.8 mm are preferably used.
• An inventive solar module with a front glass with a thickness of 2.8 mm has a basis weight of about 10 kg / m 2 .
• Such a solar module is suitable for mounting on flat roofs with a low load reserve of at least 10 kg / m 2 .
• the windshield according to the invention itself is not damaged by the hail impact test, unless the hail impact occurs in an edge region.
• the margins of glass panes are particularly sensitive to chipping and Ausmuschelungen.
• the edge area of the windscreen can be stabilized by an edge reinforcement.
• the edge reinforcement according to the invention protects the edge region of the windshield from damage in the hail impact test.
• the edge reinforcement comprises one or more layers, preferably of metal, glass, rubber, plastic or glass fiber reinforced plastic.
• the edge reinforcement particularly preferably comprises the material of the carrier layer.
• the carrier layer advantageously has a coefficient of thermal expansion adapted to the solar module and the front pane. As a result, no or only small mechanical stresses occur due to different thermal expansion of the materials of the solar module.
• the top of the edge reinforcement is arranged flush with the windscreen.
• the edge reinforcement is increased by a height h over the windshield.
• the height h is preferably at least 0.5 mm and more preferably 1 mm to 5 mm.
• the externa ßere range of a windshield is particularly prone to chipping or Ausmuschelungen the glass, for example, when hitting a hailstone in the hail impact test. Due to the increase h of the edge reinforcement over the windscreen creates a protected area. A hailstone with a diameter of, for example, 25 mm can not penetrate into the particularly susceptible to damage edge area of the windshield because of the increase h the edge reinforcement.
• the height h can be determined by simple tests in the hail impact test.
• the edge reinforcement covers a peripheral edge region of the windshield.
• the edge reinforcement preferably covers the peripheral edge region of the front pane over a width b of at least 0.3 cm, particularly preferably from 0.5 cm to 2 cm.
• the edge reinforcement Since the edge reinforcement partially overshoots or overlaps the windscreen, a peripheral border is formed, which surrounds the windscreen in an annular manner.
• water may accumulate in the area between the windshield and the edge reinforcement, which can not drain due to the peripheral edge reinforcement.
• the standing water accumulation promotes the formation of algae.
• the permanent Water exposure pollute the moisture seals of the solar module. Furthermore, this area collects dirt, sand and dust that can not be washed away by rainwater.
• An important aspect of the present invention therefore comprises water drainage channels which are incorporated in the edge reinforcement.
• Rainwater or melt water can drain off through the water drainage channels.
• the effluent water can carry dirt, sand and dust with it and keep the windscreen of the solar module free from contamination.
• the edge reinforcement at each corner of the solar module at least one water drainage channel, which connects the inside of the edge reinforcement with the Au .
• Outside of the edge reinforcement here means the side of the edge reinforcement, which is located on the outside of the solar module Au.
• Inside the edge reinforcement means the side opposite the outside of the edge reinforcement.
• the edge reinforcement on each circumferential outer side of the solar module on at least one water drainage channel.
• the width of the water gutter is advantageously chosen so that a hailstone with a diameter of 25 mm at a speed of 23 m / s with a central or lateral impact on the water gutter, the windscreen not damaged.
• the width of the water drainage channel is dependent on the thickness of the edge reinforcement, that is, the height h of the increase in the edge reinforcement over the windscreen, and can be determined by simple experiments.
• the Wasserablaufrinne (8.1, 8.2) has a width (d) of 0.5 mm to 5 mm, preferably from 2.5 mm to 5 mm.
• the edge reinforcement comprises a first edge reinforcing layer and a second edge reinforcing layer.
• the first and / or the second edge reinforcing layer may consist of two or more parts.
• the first and second edge reinforcing layers may alternatively be integrally formed and have a first portion forming the first edge reinforcing layer and having a second portion forming the second edge reinforcing layer.
• the first edge reinforcing layer is arranged at least in sections above the circumferential overhang of the carrier layer over the front pane.
• the first edge reinforcing layer is arranged above the circumferential overhang, in particular on the side of the solar module, at which the bus bars are led out of the solar module.
• the first edge reinforcing layer has one or more recesses, preferably two recesses.
• the second edge reinforcing layer is disposed above the first edge reinforcing layer.
• the second edge reinforcing layer has one or more openings, preferably two openings.
• the first edge reinforcement layer and the second edge reinforcement layer are adhesively bonded to one another and / or to the carrier layer and the front pane by adhesive layers.
• the adhesive layers seal the edge area of the solar module against the ingress of moisture and insulate the live parts of the solar module.
• the adhesive layers preferably contain an acrylate adhesive, ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA), silicone or a double-sided adhesive film.
• the recess of the first edge reinforcement layer is designed to be open to the layer structure consisting of intermediate layers, solar cells and front pane.
• the recess is arranged at the point at which the bus bar leaves the layer structure, wherein the bus bar is arranged after the exit from the layer structure within the recess.
• the thickness of the first edge reinforcing layer is preferably smaller than the thickness of the layer structure.
• the second edge reinforcing layer is disposed above the first edge reinforcing layer and may overlap it. The opening of the second edge reinforcing layer is above the recess of the first Edge reinforcing layer arranged and forms with this a common cavity.
• connection housing for each bus conductor.
• the bus bar is disposed after leaving the layer structure and before entering the terminal housing within the cavity of recess of the first edge reinforcing layer and opening of the second edge reinforcing layer.
• the bus bar comes out of the edge reinforcement through the opening.
• the bus bar is electrically connected in the connection housing with the connecting cable.
• the connection is preferably via plug, contact pins, contact tongues, spring element, crimp connections, solder joints, welding sites or other electrical wiring.
• the connection housing covers the complete opening.
• the connection housing and / or the cavity formed from the opening and recess can be closed by a Vergussstoff.
• the casting agent seals the solar module against moisture penetration and contains, for example, polyurethane, acrylic, silicone or other suitable sealing materials.
• the recess of the first edge reinforcing layer is, for example, rectangular, with pointed or rounded corners or semicircular.
• the recess may also have other shapes in which one or more bus bars can be arranged.
• the recess is preferably limited in a narrow area around the bus bars around.
• the opening of the second edge reinforcing layer is preferably rectangular, square, or circular, although all forms are suitable, within which the bus bar can be conveniently arranged.
• An important aspect of the invention comprises the adaptation of the thermal expansion coefficients of the front screen and the carrier layer: different coefficients of thermal expansion of the front screen and the carrier layer can lead to a different temperature expansion when the temperature changes.
• a different temperature expansion of the front screen and carrier layer can lead to a bending of the solar module and thus to damage of the crystalline solar cells.
• Temperature changes of more than 100 ° C occur, for example, in the lamination of the solar module or when heating the solar module on the roof.
• the second coefficient of thermal expansion is preferably from 8 ⁇ 10 -6 / K to 10 ⁇ 10 -6 / K and for partially tempered soda-lime glass, for example from 8 ⁇ 10 -6 / K to 9 , 3 x 10 -6 / K.
• the difference between the first thermal expansion coefficient of the carrier layer of a solar module according to the invention and the second coefficient of thermal expansion of the windscreen ⁇ 300%, preferably ⁇ 200% and particularly preferably ⁇ 50% of the second coefficient of thermal expansion of the windshield.
• the carrier layer contains a glass fiber reinforced plastic.
• the glass fiber reinforced plastic contains, for example, a multi-layer glass fiber fabric which is embedded in a casting resin molded from unsaturated polyester resin.
• the glass content of the glass fiber reinforced plastic is preferably from 30% to 75%, and more preferably from 50% to 75%.
• the carrier layer has a first coefficient of thermal expansion of 7 ⁇ 10 -6 / K to 35 ⁇ 10 -6 / K, preferably from 9 ⁇ 10 -6 / K to 27 ⁇ 10 -6 / K and especially preferably from 9x10 "6 / K to 20x10 " 6 / K.
• the difference between the first thermal expansion coefficient and the second thermal expansion coefficient is ⁇ 17%, preferably ⁇ 12% and particularly preferably ⁇ 7% of the second coefficient of thermal expansion.
• the carrier layer contains a metal foil having a first coefficient of thermal expansion of 7.3 ⁇ 10 -6 / K to 10.5 ⁇ 10 -6 / K.
• the first intermediate layer may include a stacking sequence of at least a first adhesive layer, an insulating layer and a second adhesive layer.
• the insulating layer preferably contains a solid, insulating film, for example of polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
• the insulating layer has the task of isolating the bus bars and the back of the solar cells from the electrically conductive metal foil of the carrier layer.
• the metal foil preferably contains a stainless steel, preferably a stainless steel of the EN material number 1 .4016, 1 .4520, 1 .451 1, 1 .4017, 1 .41 13, 1 .4510, 1 .4516, 1 .4513, 1 .4509, 1 .4749, 1 .4724 or 1. 4,762th
• Another aspect of the invention comprises a flat roof with
• roof skin and the solar module according to the invention by at least one adhesive layer and / or connecting means are connected to each other at least in sections.
• the roof inclination of 2% (1, 1 °) to 17.6% (10 °), preferably from 5% (2.9 °) to 17.6% (10 °) and especially preferably from 5% (2.9 °) to 8.8% (5 °).
• the adhesive layer with which the solar module according to the invention and the roof skin are connected preferably contains an acrylate adhesive, a butyl adhesive, a bitumen adhesive or a silicone adhesive or a double-sided adhesive film.
• the connecting means preferably contain screw, clamp or rivet and / or support rails, guide rails or eyelets made of plastic or metal, such as aluminum, steel or stainless steel.
• the roof skin contains a plastic, preferably polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, Plexiglas®), polyester, bitumen, polymer modified bitumen, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or olefin-based thermoplastic elastomers (TPO), preferably having a flat, chambered or corrugated profile.
• a plastic preferably polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA, Plexiglas®), polyester, bitumen, polymer modified bitumen, polyvinyl chloride (PVC) or olefin-based thermoplastic elastomers (TPO), preferably having a flat, chambered or corrugated profile.
• PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
• PVC polyvinyl chloride
• TPO olefin-based thermoplastic elastomers
• the roof skin contains a metal sheet, preferably a metal sheet of copper, aluminum, steel, galvanized and / or plastic-coated steel.
• the metal sheet has, for example, a trapezoidal profile and is referred to below as a trapezoidal sheet.
• further layers may be arranged, for example layers for thermal insulation.
• the layers for thermal insulation preferably contain plastics or plastic foams, for example of polystyrene or polyurethane.
• the screwing of the solar module with the roof skin of a flat roof according to the invention is preferably carried out in a region of the edge reinforcement of the solar module and in particular in the region of the supernatant of the carrier layer over the windshield.
• This has the particular advantage that no hole must be made in the windscreen. Inserting a hole in the glass front panel is a complex and expensive process step. Furthermore, the stability of the windshield is reduced by the hole.
• a further aspect of the invention comprises a method for producing a solar module according to the invention, wherein at least
• a supernatant of the carrier layer is arranged over the windscreen and the bus bars are passed through the recess,
• a second edge reinforcing layer is arranged with at least one opening above the first edge reinforcing layer and the bus bars are passed through the opening and
• connection housing is connected to the bus bars.
• first intermediate layer Between the carrier layer and the front pane, at least a first intermediate layer, a solar cell and a second intermediate layer are arranged.
• Backing layer, first intermediate layer, solar cell, second intermediate layer and front pane are laminated together, preferably at a temperature of 100 ° C to 170 ° C interconnected.
• the structure obtained is hereinafter referred to as laminated layer sequence.
• the edge reinforcement is formed from at least one first edge reinforcing layer and a second edge reinforcing layer arranged flush with the surface of the front pane.
• the first edge reinforcing layer and the second edge reinforcing layer may be configured in one piece or in several parts and are joined to one another and to the laminated layer sequence, for example, by adhesive layers.
• the first edge reinforcing layer and the second edge reinforcing layer preferably include a glass fiber reinforced plastic.
• the edge reinforcement is formed from at least one first edge reinforcing layer and at least one second edge reinforcing layer partially overlapping the front pane in an edge region.
• the first edge reinforcing layer and the second edge reinforcing layer are bonded by adhesive layers having the laminated layer sequence and each other.
• the edge reinforcement is arranged on the carrier layer before lamination and connected to the layer sequence by the lamination process.
• a strand is extruded with the cross-section of the edge reinforcement, the strand is divided into segments and recesses and openings are introduced into the segments.
• water drainage channels can be introduced into the segments.
• the segments of the edge reinforcement are connected to the laminated layer sequence, for example glued.
• the extrusion of the edge reinforcement is carried out by per se known extrusion methods in which plastics or other viscous, curable materials are pressed in a continuous process through a specially shaped die.
• the result is a strand with the cross section of the nozzle in any length.
• the strand can be divided into segments, the length of each one Side of the solar module have.
• the strand can be divided into segments, each having a circumferential length of the solar module.
• the plastics may be thermoplastics that are heated during extrusion.
• the recesses, openings and water drainage channels are preferably introduced by cutting or milling in the surface of the segments.
• the water drainage channels can be introduced into the surface of the segments during the extrusion, for example by a moving mold.
• the water drainage channels may alternatively be introduced into the segments after extrusion and prior to bonding to the laminated layer sequence.
• the water drainage channels can be introduced in a further alternative after bonding with the laminated layer sequence.
• Extruded edge reinforcements preferably contain polyvinyl chloride (PVC), polyethylene (PE), polypropylene (PP), polyamide (PA), high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer (ABS), polycarbonate (PC), styrene butadiene (SB), polymethyl methacrylate (PMMA), polyurethane (PUR) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET).
• PVC polyvinyl chloride
• PE polyethylene
• PP polypropylene
• PA polyamide
• HDPE high density polyethylene
• LDPE low density polyethylene
• ABS acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene copolymer
• PC polycarbonate
• SB styrene butadiene
• PMMA polymethyl methacrylate
• PUR polyurethane
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• the edge reinforcement is produced by reaction injection molding (RIM) or by an injection molding process.
• reaction Injection Molding two components (and possibly further additives) are mixed thoroughly in a mixer and then immediately injected as a reaction mass into a shaping tool. The curing takes place in the forming tool.
• the recesses, openings and water drainage channels can already be specified by the shaping tool or introduced after curing in the blank of the edge reinforcement.
• Plastics such as polyurethane (PUR), high density polyethylene (HDPE), low density polyethylene (LDPE), polyurea and polyisocyanurate (PIR) are particularly suitable for producing edge reinforcement by reaction injection molding.
• PUR polyurethane
• HDPE high density polyethylene
• LDPE low density polyethylene
• PIR polyisocyanurate
• melts of thermoplastic materials are pressed into a shaping tool.
• the recesses, openings and water drainage channels can already be predetermined by the shape or be introduced after curing in the blank of the edge reinforcement.
• Another aspect of the invention comprises the use of a solar module according to the invention on a flat roof, preferably on a metal flat roof of a building or a vehicle for locomotion by water, on land or in the air.
• a solar module according to the invention are particularly flat roofs of warehouses, industrial plants and garages or shelters such as carports suitable whose roofs have a large, exposed and unshaded surface and have a low roof pitch.
• a further aspect of the invention comprises the use of a solar module according to the invention on a flat roof with a roof pitch of 1% (0.6 °) to 23.1% (13 °), preferably from 2% (1, 1 °) to 17.6 % (10 °), more preferably from 5% (2.9 °) to 17.6% (10 °) and most preferably from 5% (2.9 °) to 8.8% (5 °).
• FIG. 1 A is a schematic representation of an exemplary embodiment of a solar module according to the invention
• FIG. 1 B is a cross-sectional view along the section line DD 'from FIG. 1A
• FIG. 1 C is a cross-sectional view along the section line CC from FIG. 1A
• FIG. 1 D is a cross-sectional view along the section line AA' from FIG. 1A
• FIG. 1F shows a simplified schematic illustration of the connection region of the solar module according to the invention from FIG. 1A
• FIG. 2 is a cross-sectional view of the edge of an alternative embodiment of a solar module according to the invention.
• FIG. 3 shows a schematic illustration of a further exemplary embodiment of a solar module according to the invention
• Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the layer structure of an alternative
• FIG. 5A is a cross-sectional view of a flat roof according to the invention.
• FIG. 5B is a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of a flat roof according to the invention.
• FIG. 5C shows a cross-sectional view of a further alternative embodiment of a flat roof according to the invention
• FIG. 6A is a cross-sectional view of an embodiment of a solar module according to the invention taken along section line A-A 'of FIG. 1A, FIG.
• FIG. 6B shows a detail of FIG. 2A with a hailstone in the hail impact test
• FIG. 7 shows a detailed flow chart of the method according to the invention.
• FIG. 1 A illustrates a solar module according to the invention designated overall by the reference numeral 1.
• FIG. 1A shows a plan view of the front side, that is to say the side facing the sun, of the solar module.
• the rear side of the solar module 1 is in the context of the present invention, the side facing away from the front side.
• outer sides I, II, III, IV of the solar module 1 the sides surrounding the outer edge of the front side and the rear side are referred to below.
• the solar module 1 comprises a plurality of series-connected solar cells 4, of which six are shown in FIG.
• the solar cells 4 are in this example monocrystalline silicon solar cells.
• Each solar cell has a rated voltage of, for example, 0.63 V, so that the solar module 1 has a total rated voltage of 3.8 V, for example.
• the voltage is applied via two bus bars 21 .1, 21. 2 to two connection housings 20 in the edge region of side III of the solar module 1 led out.
• connection housings 20 the electrical line connection to the connection lines 22.
• the connection lines 22 are connected to a power grid or other solar modules, which are not shown in this figure.
• the bus bars 21 .1, 21 .2 are electrically conductively connected to the solar cells 4.
• a bus bar 21 usually contains a metallic band, for example a tinned copper band with a thickness of 0.03 mm to 0.3 mm and a width of 2 mm to 16 mm. Copper has proven itself for such busbars, as it has a good electrical conductivity and good processability to films. At the same time, the material costs are low.
• Other electrically conductive materials can also be used which can be processed into films. Examples of these are aluminum, gold, silver or tin and alloys thereof.
• FIG. 1B shows a cross-sectional view along the section line D-D 'and FIG. 1C shows a cross-sectional view along the section line C-C from FIG. 1A.
• the solar module 1 according to the invention comprises a layer structure comprising carrier layer 2, first intermediate layer 3, solar cell 4, second intermediate layer 5 and front pane 6.
• the carrier layer 2 has a circumferential projection 13 over the front pane 6 of, for example, 2 cm.
• the solar module 1 according to the invention has a first edge reinforcement layer 7.1 with a recess 16.
• the first edge reinforcement layer 7.1 is arranged above the projection 13.
• a second edge reinforcement layer 7.2 is arranged with an opening 17 above the first edge reinforcement layer 7.1.
• the second edge reinforcement layer 7.2 covers a circumferential edge region 9 of the front pane 6, for example, 1 cm.
• the bus bars 21 .1, 21 .2 are connected at one end to the solar cell 4 and at the other end via an electrical line connection 23 to the connecting line 22.
• the bus bars 21 .1, 21 .2 are arranged in the region of the edge reinforcement 7 within the recess 16 of the first edge reinforcing layer 7.1 and within the opening 17 of the second edge reinforcing layer 7.2.
• the bus bar 21 is rotated within the recess 16 by 90 ° along its central axis. The location of the rotation is designated by the reference numeral 27.
• FIG. 1 D shows a cross-sectional view along the section line AA 'from FIG. 1 A. From FIG. 1 D, the layer structure of the solar module 1 according to the invention is once again apparent.
• the solar module 1 contains a carrier layer 2 of, for example, a glass fiber reinforced plastic.
• the glass fiber reinforced plastic contains, for example, a multi-layer glass fiber fabric which is embedded in a casting resin molded from unsaturated polyester resin.
• the carrier layer 2 has, for example, a glass content of 54%, a basis weight of 1.65 kg / mm 2 and a thickness of 1 mm.
• the first intermediate layer 3 contains, for example, an adhesive film of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) with a thickness of 0.4 mm.
• EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate
• the crystalline solar cell 4 consists for example of a monocrystalline silicon solar cell with a size of 156 mm x 156 mm. All solar cells 4 of a solar module 1 according to the invention are electrically conductively connected to one another via bus bars and, depending on the intended use, connected in series or in parallel. Furthermore, blocking or bypass diodes can be integrated into the solar module 1.
• a second intermediate layer 5 which contains, for example, an adhesive film of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) with a thickness of 0.4 mm.
• EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate
• the windshield 6 contains, for example, a low-iron soda-lime glass with a thickness of 0.9 mm to 2.8 mm and in particular of 1 mm.
• the soda-lime glass is thermally partially prestressed with a prestress of, for example, 40 MPa.
• Part toughened glass differs from toughened glass by a slower cooling process. The slower cooling process results in less stress differences between the core and the surfaces of the glass.
• the flexural strength of semi-tempered glass is between that of unbiased and tempered glass.
• Part toughened glass has in Breakage a high residual capacity and is therefore particularly suitable for crash-proof glazing on buildings or in the roof area.
• the carrier layer 2 has a first thermal expansion coefficient of, for example, 27 ⁇ 10 -6 / K.
• the front pane 6 has a second coefficient of thermal expansion of, for example, 9 ⁇ 10 -6 / K.
• the difference between the first and second coefficients of thermal expansion is 18 ⁇ 10 -6 / K and thus 200% of the second thermal expansion coefficient.
• the carrier layer 2 has in this embodiment, a circumferential projection 13 on the windscreen 6.
• the width a of the supernatant is preferably from 0.5 cm to 10 cm and for example 2 cm.
• the edge reinforcement 7 is arranged above the overhang 13 of the carrier layer 2 and above an edge region 9 of the front pane 6.
• the width b of the edge region 9 is preferably 0.5 cm to 10 cm and for example 1 cm.
• the edge reinforcement 7 includes a first edge reinforcing layer 7.1 and a second edge reinforcing layer 7.2.
• the first edge reinforcing layer 7.1 is connected to the carrier layer 2 via an adhesive layer 14 and, for example, via a double-sided adhesive tape.
• the thickness of the first edge reinforcing layer 7.1 is selected, for example, such that the upper side of the first edge reinforcing layer 7.1 and the upper side of the front pane 6 form a flush and planar surface.
• the first edge reinforcement layer 7.1 may also contain a layer sequence of several layers and, for example, two layers.
• the first edge reinforcing layer 7.1 may also contain only one adhesive, for example a double-sided adhesive tape, the thickness of the adhesive tape compensating for the height difference between the carrier layer 2 and the front pane 6.
• the second edge reinforcing layer 7.2 is arranged in sections above the first edge reinforcing layer 7.1 and above an edge region 9 of the front pane 6.
• the second edge reinforcing layer 7.2 is connected by an adhesive layer 15 to the first edge reinforcing layer 7.1 and the edge region 9 of the windshield 6.
• the second edge reinforcing layer 7.2 protects the sensitive outer edge region 9 of the windshield 6 from damage, for example from hailstorm.
• the edge reinforcement 7 with a first edge reinforcing layer 7.1 and a second edge reinforcing layer 7.2 can nevertheless be made of one piece, for example of a plastic such as polyurethane (PU) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
• the one-piece edge reinforcement 7 then has a first section with a strip-shaped recess, for example, and a second section with a, for example, round opening, which is arranged above the strip-shaped recess of the first section.
• the edge reinforcement 7 can be produced for example by extrusion, injection molding or Reaction Injection Molding (RIM).
• FIG. 1E shows a cross-sectional view along the section line B-B 'from FIG. 1A.
• a plurality of water drainage channels 8.1, 8.2 are arranged in the form of recesses.
• the water drainage channels 8.1, 8.2 connect the inner edge 10 of the second edge reinforcing layer 7.2 with the externa ßeren edge
• the width d of the water drainage channels 8.1, 8.2 is from 1 mm to 5 mm and for example 3 mm.
• the width d of the water drainage channels 8.1, 8.2 and the thickness of the second edge reinforcement layer 7.2 are chosen so that a hailstone with a diameter of 25 mm does not damage the windscreen in the hail impact test. This can be determined in the context of simple experiments.
• the water drainage channels 8.1 are arranged for example at an angle of 45 ° to the outer sides I, II, III, IV of the solar module 1.
• each long outside II, IV of the solar module 1 has five water drainage channels 8.2 and each short Au JOzan I, III of the solar module 1 three water drainage channels 8.2.
• the water drainage channels 8.2 on the outer sides I, II, III, IV of the solar module 1 are arranged, for example, at right angles to the outer sides I, II, III, IV of the solar module 1.
• the solar module 1 according to the invention has a basis weight of about 5.6 kg / m 2 .
• FIG. 1F shows a simplified schematic representation of the connection region of the solar module according to the invention from FIG. 1A.
• the first edge reinforcing layer 7.1 is disposed below the second edge reinforcing layer 7.2.
• the recesses 16 of the first edge reinforcing layer 7.1 are arranged below the openings 17 of the second edge reinforcing layer 7.2.
• the bus bars 21 .1, 21 .2 run within the recess 16 to below the openings 17. There, the bus bars 21 .1, 21 .2 out orthogonal to the carrier layer 2 upwards and out of the second edge reinforcing layer 7.2 out.
• the connection housing and connection lines are not shown for clarity in Figure 1 F.
• FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of the edge of an alternative embodiment of a solar module according to the invention.
• the first edge reinforcing layer 7.1 and the second edge reinforcing layer 7.2 each have a thickness which corresponds to approximately half of the layer structure of the first intermediate layer 3, solar cells 4, second intermediate layer 5 and front pane 6.
• the second edge reinforcement layer 7.2 forms a flush transition 25 with the windshield 6.
• This embodiment is particularly suitable for thick windscreens 6, preferably with a thickness of more than 2.8 mm. In contrast to thin windshields 6, thick windshields 6 are not damaged in the hail impact test with exposure to hail in the edge region of the windshield 6.
• FIG. 3 shows a schematic representation of another embodiment of a solar module according to the invention.
• the bus bars 21 include, for example, a tinned copper metal foil having a width of 5 mm and a thickness of 0.2 mm.
• the bus bars 21 may have an additional insulation 26 in a region around the point where they protrude beyond the windscreen 6, for example a polyimide film or a butyl rubber.
• the insulation 26 may be arranged on the upper side, that is to say the side of the bus bar 21 facing the front screen 6.
• the insulation 26 encloses the bus bar 21 on the top, the bottom and the two outer sides. The insulation 26 isolates the bus bar against moisture, which penetrates into the space between the windscreen 6 and edge reinforcement 7.
• FIG. 4 shows a cross-sectional representation of the layer structure of an alternative exemplary embodiment of a solar module 1 according to the invention.
• the layer structure comprises a carrier layer 2, a first intermediate layer 3, crystalline solar cells 4, a second intermediate layer 5 and a front screen 6.
• the carrier layer 2 contains in this embodiment a metal foil, for example a foil of a stainless steel such as stainless steel, material number 1 .4016 with a thickness of 0.3 mm.
• the first intermediate layer 3 contains a stacking sequence of a first adhesive layer 3.1, an insulating layer 3.2 and a second adhesive layer 3.3.
• the first adhesive layer 3.1 and the second adhesive layer 3.3 contain, for example, an adhesive film of ethylene vinyl acetate (EVA) with a thickness of 0.4 mm.
• the insulating layer 3.2 contains a solid, insulating film, for example of polyethylene terephthalate (PET) with a thickness of 50 ⁇ .
• PET polyethylene terephthalate
• the insulation layer 3.2 has the task of isolating the bus bars 21 and the rear side of the solar cells 4 from the electrically conductive metal foil of the carrier layer 2.
• the electrical insulation by the additional insulation layer 3.2 is particularly important, since in particular unevenness and solder joints of the solar cells 4 and bus bars 21 can penetrate a thin and comparatively soft intermediate layer of ethylene-vinyl acetate (EVA) in the lamination process. This can lead to short circuits and leakage currents in the solar module 1.
• EVA ethylene-vinyl acetate
• FIG. 5 A shows a cross-sectional illustration of a flat roof 30 according to the invention with solar modules 1 according to the invention.
• the solar modules 1 are shown in a section along the section line B-B 'of Figure 1A.
• the roof skin 31 of the flat roof 30 according to the invention contains, for example, a membrane of bitumen, polymer-modified bitumen, thermoplastic olefin-based elastomers (TPO) or polyvinyl chloride (PVC).
• TPO thermoplastic olefin-based elastomers
• PVC polyvinyl chloride
• the solar modules 1 are glued in each case via an adhesive layer 32 with the roof skin 31.
• the adhesive layer 32 contains, for example, butyl, acrylic, bitumen, silicone or another weather-resistant adhesive.
• the roof skin 31 of the flat roof 30 has, for example, an inclination of 3 °.
• the water accumulating on the windscreen can drain off via the water drainage channels 8.1 and 8.2.
• FIG. 5B shows a cross-sectional illustration of an alternative embodiment of a flat roof 30 according to the invention.
• the solar modules 1 are shown in a section along the section line BB 'from FIG. 1A.
• Several U-shaped support rails 35 are firmly connected to the roof skin 31 of the flat roof 30.
• the support rails 35 include, for example, a plastic or a metal such as aluminum.
• the solar modules 1 according to the invention are introduced into and held by the U-shaped retaining rails 35 on two opposite outer sides I, III or II, IV.
• FIG. 5C shows a cross-sectional illustration of a further alternative embodiment of a flat roof 30 according to the invention.
• the solar modules 1 are shown in a section along the section line B-B 'from FIG. 1A.
• the roof skin 31 includes a trapezoidal sheet 34 with high points, so-called webs and recesses located therebetween, so-called beads.
• the distance from one center of the bead to the next is, for example, 207 mm.
• the tread depth, that is, the height difference between the web and bead is, for example, 35 mm.
• the trapezoidal sheet has a thickness of, for example, 0.75 mm and consists of a galvanized sheet steel.
• the solar modules 1 are bolted to the trapezoidal sheet 34 in the region of the edge reinforcement 7 and in particular in the region of the projection of the carrier layer 2 via the front pane 6.
• Figure 6 A shows a cross-sectional view of an alternative embodiment of a solar module 1 according to the invention along the section line A-A 'of Figure 1 A.
• the embodiment differs from the example of Figure 1 B in that the second edge reinforcement 7.2 does not overlap the windscreen 6.
• the second edge reinforcement 7.2 is increased by a height h over the windshield 6.
• the height h is, for example, 1 mm.
• FIG. 6B shows a section of the edge of the solar module 1 from FIG. 6A.
• the outer region of a front pane 6 is particularly susceptible to chipping or shelling of the glass, for example when a hailstone 40 strikes in the hail impact test.
• Due to the elevation h of the second edge reinforcing layer 7.2 on the windshield 6 creates a protected area 41st A hailstone 40 with a diameter of, for example, 25 mm can not penetrate into the region 41 of the windshield 6 which is particularly susceptible to damage because of the elevation with the height h of the second edge reinforcing layer 7.2.
• the height h can be determined by simple tests in the hail impact test.
• FIG. 7 shows a detailed flowchart of the method according to the invention.

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• 2012
  • 2012-04-03 KR KR1020137030196A patent/KR20140027267A/ko not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 2012-04-03 EP EP12711658.0A patent/EP2710640A1/de not_active Withdrawn
  • 2012-04-03 US US14/117,752 patent/US9021752B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
  • 2012-04-03 JP JP2014510705A patent/JP2014519195A/ja active Pending
  • 2012-04-03 CN CN201280024268.8A patent/CN103703674A/zh active Pending
  • 2012-04-03 WO PCT/EP2012/056044 patent/WO2012156149A1/de active Application Filing

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