EP2700079B1 - Verfahren zur herstellung eines verbundisolators anhand eines harzes mit hoher wärmeleistung - Google Patents

Verfahren zur herstellung eines verbundisolators anhand eines harzes mit hoher wärmeleistung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP2700079B1
EP2700079B1 EP11731019.3A EP11731019A EP2700079B1 EP 2700079 B1 EP2700079 B1 EP 2700079B1 EP 11731019 A EP11731019 A EP 11731019A EP 2700079 B1 EP2700079 B1 EP 2700079B1
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Prior art keywords
core
composite insulator
synthetic material
fabricating
covering
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English (en)
French (fr)
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EP2700079A1 (de
Inventor
Jean Marie GEORGE
Guy Thevenet
Sandrine Prat
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Societe Europeenne dIsolateurs en Verre et Composite SEDIVER SA
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Societe Europeenne dIsolateurs en Verre et Composite SEDIVER SA
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B19/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing insulators or insulating bodies
    • H01B19/04—Treating the surfaces, e.g. applying coatings
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B13/00—Apparatus or processes specially adapted for manufacturing conductors or cables
    • H01B13/06—Insulating conductors or cables
    • H01B13/14—Insulating conductors or cables by extrusion
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/40—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes epoxy resins
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B3/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties
    • H01B3/18—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances
    • H01B3/30—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes
    • H01B3/47—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by the insulating materials; Selection of materials for their insulating or dielectric properties mainly consisting of organic substances plastics; resins; waxes fibre-reinforced plastics, e.g. glass-reinforced plastics
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01B—CABLES; CONDUCTORS; INSULATORS; SELECTION OF MATERIALS FOR THEIR CONDUCTIVE, INSULATING OR DIELECTRIC PROPERTIES
    • H01B17/00—Insulators or insulating bodies characterised by their form
    • H01B17/32—Single insulators consisting of two or more dissimilar insulating bodies
    • H01B17/325—Single insulators consisting of two or more dissimilar insulating bodies comprising a fibre-reinforced insulating core member

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the field of composite insulators with very high, medium or high voltage, comprising an insulating core made of synthetic material reinforced with glass fibers based on a mixture of a resin and a hardener and an envelope of material elastomer vulcanizing at high temperature and surrounding said core.
  • the invention applies more particularly to the field of composite electrical insulators for very high, high or medium voltage.
  • Such composite insulators when they are intended for the electrical insulation between an electric line and the earth or between phases of electric lines, in particular in the field of energy transport or the electrification of railway tracks, will preferably have a solid soul type rod.
  • Other composite insulators for electrical insulation in the design of large equipment, for example of the type of transformer terminals, circuit breaker, cable termination or other will preferably be made with a hollow core tube type.
  • Such composite insulators are generally formed of an insulating elongated core which provides the mechanical function of the insulator in tension, in flexion, in torsion and in compression, and which is surrounded by a casing made of elastomeric material which guarantees protection of the insulator. isolator against erosion and providing a suitable creepage distance to avoid an outside arc in humid conditions or ambient pollution.
  • Each end of the insulating core is fixed in or on a standardized metal frame for the introduction of the insulator either on the power line or on the equipment considered.
  • the core of such a composite insulator is generally formed of a laminated synthetic material made from glass fibers impregnated with a resin and shaped for example by winding glass fibers impregnated on a support, in particular in the case of insulator with hollow tube, or by pultrusion impregnated glass fibers, in particular in the case of solid rod insulator.
  • the elastomeric casing of such a composite insulator is in the form of a sheath covering the core along its length and on which radial fins are spaced along the sheath.
  • the elastomeric casing may be formed by various methods, for example by an extrusion, compression molding or injection molding process of the elastomeric material, the casing being in all cases heated to cause the vulcanization of the material.
  • the envelope may be formed directly on the insulating core or separately, before or after the fixing of the reinforcements on the insulating core.
  • the elastomeric material of the envelope is generally based on EPDM (Ethylene-Propylene-Diene Monomer) or silicone or a mixture of EPDM and silicone. It is often preferred to use a high temperature vulcanizing elastomer, i.e., greater than 100 ° C or even greater than 130 ° C. To form and vulcanize an envelope based on such an elastomer, by molding or by extrusion, it is necessary to reach temperatures generally greater than 130 ° C., or even greater than 160 ° C. For example, the so-called HTV silicone for "High-Temperature Vulcanizing" can be chosen because it gives the insulator a very good resistance to erosion under electrical activity and surface arcs. However, the high temperature vulcanization of such an elastomer on the core has many disadvantages.
  • the vulcanization temperature of the elastomer reached during the curing of the envelope on the core are generally high enough to exceed the glass transition temperature (T G called for "Glass Transition Temperature") of the resin mixture -curing agent used to form the insulating core and which characterizes the transition from a rigid vitreous state to a flexible viscoelastic state.
  • T G glass Transition Temperature
  • the insulating core can therefore soften and deform, which affects the overall quality of the insulator.
  • the tube in the case of a hollow-insulating insulator tube-type, the tube can degrade by delamination, deform, or even collapse on itself.
  • insulator rod when the casing is formed by molding on the rod, the rod can soften, which can lead to a risk of damage to the stem during the mold exit.
  • the softening of the core may, for example, lead to a mechanical weakening of the fixation of the metal reinforcements on the soul by relaxation.
  • Patent documents US 4217466 and US 4312123 each relate to an example of a composite insulator and a method of manufacturing thereof.
  • the object of the invention is to overcome all these drawbacks by proposing another method of manufacturing a composite insulation insulator made of synthetic material surrounded by a casing of high temperature vulcanizing elastomeric material having a thermomechanical behavior. of the improved soul.
  • a composite insulator is obtained, whether it is hollow core of the tube type or solid core rod type, combining excellent thermomechanical behavior of the core. insulation, that is to say a very good thermal stability while retaining very good mechanical properties, excellent protection, including anti-erosion, provided by the elastomeric casing vulcanizing at high temperature.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to vulcanise the envelope on the core at high temperature, that is to say at least 130 ° C., or even at least 170 ° C., without risk of damage to the core. 'soul.
  • the method according to the invention makes it possible to form a core that withstands the temperature and pressure experienced during molding and which keeps its shape and its characteristics at the exit of the molding.
  • an insulator according to the invention with a hollow core of the tube type, it is easy and effective to avoid degradation and collapse of the tube on itself during or after the formation of the envelope on the tube. . Moreover, we do without the use of a mandrel heavy and difficult to handle.
  • the invention extends to a composite insulator obtained by such a manufacturing method, characterized in that it comprises a hollow core of the tube type or a solid core of rod type.
  • a very high, high or medium voltage electrical composite insulator 1 comprising a solid core 2 of elongated rod type extending in a longitudinal direction A, a casing 3 surrounding the core 2 and forming radial ribs in the form of successive flared disks 5 substantially perpendicular to the direction A of the core 2, and 4 metal end plates attached to the respective ends of the core 2.
  • the casing 3 is made of high temperature vulcanizing elastomeric material, preferably HTV silicone for "High-Temperature Vulcanizing" vulcanizing at a temperature above about 130 ° C.
  • a composition of synthetic material for the appropriate core 2 and according to the invention will be thermally stable up to a temperature of at least 130 ° C., preferably greater than 150 ° C., preferably between 170 ° C. and 190 ° C. C and up to 220 ° C, i.e., the glass transition temperature of the synthetic material is between 130 ° C and 220 ° C, preferably between 170 ° C and 190 ° C.
  • the core 2 is made of a laminated synthetic material reinforced with glass fibers and formed from a mixture of a resin based on epoxy groups, a hardener and an accelerator. Other components can of course be added to the synthetic material according to the particular needs.
  • the glass fibers have a diameter of between 10 and 40 micrometers.
  • the hardener is advantageously chosen, for each resin, from hardeners which have characteristics such that after mixing the resin and the hardener, the glass transition temperature T G of the synthetic material forming the core 2 is greater than the temperature for vulcanizing the elastomeric material forming the envelope 3.
  • such a hardener is preferably identified from a mechanical test for determining the softening temperature of a synthetic material to be tested, given that the softening temperature is equal to the glass transition temperature T G of the synthetic material.
  • Such a mechanical test consists in making a measurement of the variation of the resistive torque, connected in known manner to the applied torsional stress, measured on a specimen of synthetic material when the specimen is subjected to torsional stress as a function of the temperature. .
  • the test piece reaches its softening temperature, that is to say its glass transition temperature T G , the resistant torque collapses, as indicated for example on the figure 2 by the arrow B pointing on the curve G.
  • curves C, D and F make it possible to determine a glass transition temperature T G of approximately 140 ° C., 160 ° C. and 180 ° C. respectively, greater than the vulcanization temperature of the elastomeric material (here 130 ° C.). , which therefore corresponds to synthetic materials in accordance with the characteristics of the invention.
  • Curve C shows in particular an example of a synthetic material according to the characteristics of the invention but not having an optimum quality, the glass transition temperature T G of this material being low.
  • the curves E and G which make it possible to determine a glass transition temperature T G of approximately 110 ° C. and 90 ° C. respectively, and therefore less than the vulcanization temperature of the elastomeric material described above, correspond to materials synthetics of the prior art.
  • the collapse of the torsion-resistant torque is sudden and rapid, indicating a synthetic material which is very stable in temperature up to its glass transition temperature T G where it suddenly softens, as is the case, for example, with the synthetic material of curve G.
  • the collapse of the torsion-resistant torque can also occur after a progressive decrease in the resistive torque, which can be extended as is the case, for example, of the curve D, without it being possible to move away from the frame. 'invention.
  • a progressive decline in the resistive torque merely indicates a synthetic material which softens slightly progressively to its glass transition temperature T G where it softens completely and suddenly. This behavior may be due to synthetic materials of poor quality or poorly identified, but nevertheless makes it possible to unambiguously determine the glass transition temperature T G of the synthetic material in question.
  • the hardener is of methyl-nadic anhydride type, preferably methyl-endomethylentetrahydrophthalic anhydride of formula I:
  • This formula I comprises a chain strongly stiffened by the presence of a methyl group on an aromatic ring which makes it possible to obtain a so-called hardener called "high T G " (glass transition temperature), which consequently confers on the material synthetic of the core 2 a glass transition temperature T G high.
  • An accelerator will be chosen among the accelerators conventionally used to accelerate the setting of the epoxy resins.
  • a mixture of the epoxy resin and the hardener is prepared in the following precise proportions: an epoxy equivalent for a anhydride equivalent, which corresponds to a hardener mass of 85% to 95%, preferably 89% to 91%, of the resin mass.
  • the proportions of resin and hardener will be carefully controlled because the unconsolidated hardener present in a composite insulator 1 could react with ambient humidity to form acids that can attack the glass fibers of the core 2 and greatly weaken the mechanical strength of the composite insulator 1.
  • step 41 by choosing for the manufacture of the core 2 a hardener-resin mixture as defined above which therefore has characteristics such that after mixing the hardener and the resin to obtain the synthetic material, the glass transition temperature of the synthetic material obtained is greater than the vulcanization temperature of the elastomeric material forming the envelope 3.
  • the core 2 is made from a fiberglass-reinforced synthetic material formed as described above from a mixture of the epoxy resin and the hardener as defined above. above and a accelerator, respecting the hardener-resin proportions set out above.
  • the core 2 can be made, for example, by pultrusion of the glass fiber-reinforced synthetic material in the case of a solid core 2 of rod or rod type, or by filament winding around a mandrel in the case of a hollow core 2 tube type.
  • the hardening and crosslinking of the synthetic material is caused by heating the core 2.
  • the hardening and crosslinking step may comprise one or more temperature stages, the value and time of which may vary depending on the size of the material. the soul 2 to harden and / or its particular forms. It will be understood, for example, that a solid core 2 of the larger diameter rod type will take longer to crosslink than a full core 2 of rod type with a smaller diameter. Furthermore, a tube-type hollow core 2 will require longer curing times given the surfaces in contact with the outside and the thicknesses considered. Finally, care should be taken not to subject the core 2 to temperature thresholds that are too violent, at the risk of the cross-linking becoming too exothermic and causing the synthetic material to crack.
  • the core 2 obtained after hardening and crosslinking can then be cut into sections as required.
  • the solid core 2 rod type can be manufactured by pultrusion.
  • the glass fibers are first entrained in an impregnating bath of the synthetic material brought to a temperature between 40 ° C and 50 ° C so as to load synthetic material.
  • the fibers impregnated with synthetic material are entrained in a die to obtain a solid core 2 of a final diameter generally generally between 14 and 120 millimeters.
  • the core 2 is passed through an oven or several successive drying chambers of different temperatures in order to harden and crosslink the synthetic material forming the core 2.
  • the entrainment of the fibers in the die is carried out at the end of the line and continuously, in a conventional pultrusion process.
  • the fiber drive speed is advantageously adjustable in order to adjust the time passage of the core 2 in the respective oven (s) and thus the duration of the hardening.
  • the hollow core 2 of the tube type is manufactured by filament winding.
  • the glass fibers are also entrained in an impregnating bath of the synthetic material brought to a temperature between 40 ° C and 50 ° C so as to load synthetic material. Then, the fibers impregnated with synthetic material are surrounded around a rotating mandrel to obtain a hollow core 2 of a final diameter generally between 80 and 1500 millimeters.
  • step 43 the end plates 4 are fixed on the respective ends of the core 2, for example by gluing the core 2 or preferably by crimping on the core 2.
  • the envelope 3 is formed in step 44 from an elastomeric material as described above, and then vulcanized in step 45.
  • the envelope 3 is formed directly on the core 2 and on the reinforcements 4 fixed before step 43, which makes it possible to obtain a very good seal of the envelope 3 over the entire length of the composite insulator 1, which thus provides a very good protection of the composite insulator 1 against erosion.
  • the casing 3 is formed and vulcanized by molding the elastomer material directly on the core 2, so that the formation step 44 and the vulcanization step 45 are performed at the same time.
  • the core 2 remains at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the synthetic material forming the core 2.
  • the synthetic material of the core 2 does not reach its glass transition threshold and the core 2 thus retains its mechanical characteristics, in particular its rigidity and its shape, which avoids the deformation of the core 2, in particular during the demolding of the composite insulator 1 at the end of manufacture.
  • injection molding of the envelope 3 on the core 2 will be carried out, the reinforcements 4 having been previously fixed on the core 2.
  • the molding and vulcanization of elastomeric material of the casing 3 are then performed at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the synthetic material forming the core 2.
  • the duration and the temperature of the injection molding may vary according to the elastomer material chosen to manufacture the casing 3.
  • the preheating can be carried out at a temperature of between 80 ° C. and 100 ° C. C for a period of between 50 and 70 minutes and the molding can be carried out at a temperature between 160 ° C and 180 ° C for a period of between 10 and 20 minutes.
  • a compression molding of the envelope 3 on the core 2 will be carried out.
  • a predetermined quantity of raw elastomer material may be placed in a mold. solid form and the core 2, before performing the molding and vulcanization of the casing 3.
  • the molding and vulcanization of the elastomeric material forming the casing 3 are then also performed at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the synthetic material forming the core 2.
  • the envelope 3 is formed in a first step in step 44 separately from the core 2, and then vulcanized in a second step in step 45 on the 2.
  • an envelope 3 made of elastomeric material in the form of a smooth sheath, that is to say without the fins 5, and then the smooth casing 3 thus formed is inserted on the core 2.
  • fins 5, also formed from an elastomeric material as described above, are threaded onto the smooth casing 3.
  • the elastomeric material of the envelope 3 and the fins 5 is then vulcanized, for example by autoclave, which furthermore makes it possible to fuse the fins 5 onto the envelope 3.
  • the core 2 advantageously remains at a temperature below the glass transition temperature of the synthetic material forming the core 2.
  • the envelope 3 another high temperature vulcanizing polymer such as ethylene-propylene-diene monomer (EPDM) for example or a mixture based on silicone and EPDM.
  • EPDM ethylene-propylene-diene monomer
  • a solid rod composite insulator 1 is obtained with a synthetic material having a glass transition temperature T G of about 195 ° C.

Claims (10)

  1. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundisolators (1) mit sehr hoher, hoher oder mittlerer Spannung, umfassend eine isolierende Seele (2) aus glasfaserverstärktem Kunststoffmaterial auf der Basis einer Mischung eines Harzes mit Epoxy-Gruppen und eines Härters, und eine Hülle (3) aus Elastomermaterial, die die Seele (2) umgibt, wobei das Elastomermaterial ausgewählt ist aus Silikon, Ethylen-Propylen-Dien-Monomer (EPDM) und ihren Mischungen und bei einer Vulkanisationstemperatur oberhalb von 130°C vulkanisiert,
    dadurch gekennzeichnet,
    dass es wenigstens die folgenden Schritte umfasst:
    - Auswählen (41) einer Mischungszusammensetzung für die Seele (2), in der der Härter ausgewählt wird unter Methylendomethylen-Tetrahydrophthal-Säureanhydrid (METH) und Methyl-Nadic-Säureanhydrid (MNA) derart, dass eine Glasübergangstemperatur für das Kunststoffmaterial erhalten wird, die oberhalb der Vulkanisationstemperatur des Elastomermaterials liegt,
    - Mischen (42) des Harzes und des Härters zum Bilden des Kunststoffmaterials der Seele (2), mit einem Massenanteil des Härters zwischen 85 % und 95 %, vorzugsweise zwischen 89 % und 91 %, in Bezug auf die Masse des Harzes,
    - Erhalten der Seele (2) durch Aushärten des Kunststoffmaterials,
    - Vulkanisieren (45) der Hülle (3) aus Elastomermaterial auf der Seele (2) aus Kunststoffmaterial.
  2. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Verbundisolators (1) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hülle (3) um die Seele (2) geformt ist.
  3. Verfahren zum Herstellen eines Verbundmaterialisolators (1) nach Anspruch 1 oder 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass es ferner einen Schritt umfasst, der darin besteht, metallische Armierungen (4) an den Extremitäten der Seele (2) zu fixieren (42) und die Hülle (3) um die Seele (2) und die Armierungen (4) zu formen.
  4. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundmaterialisolators (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hülle (3) durch ein Spritzgussverfahren hergestellt ist.
  5. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundmaterialisolators (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hülle (3) durch ein Druckgussverfahren hergestellt ist.
  6. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundmaterialisolators (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Hülle (3) durch ein Extrusionsverfahren hergestellt ist.
  7. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundmaterialisolators (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Glasübergangstemperatur des Kunststoffmaterials zwischen 130°C und 220°C, vorzugsweise zwischen 170°C und 190°C, umfasst ist.
  8. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Verbundmaterialisolators (1) nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass zum Verstärken des Kunststoffmaterials Glasfasern verwendet werden, die einen Durchmesser aufweisen, der zwischen 10 Mikrometern und
    40 Mikrometern umfasst ist.
  9. Verbundmaterialisolator (1), erhältlich durch ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er eine hohle Seele (2) des Typs Rohr umfasst.
  10. Verbundmaterialisolator (1), erhältlich durch ein Verfahren nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass er eine stabförmige Seele (2) aus Vollmaterial umfasst.
EP11731019.3A 2011-04-19 2011-04-19 Verfahren zur herstellung eines verbundisolators anhand eines harzes mit hoher wärmeleistung Active EP2700079B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
PCT/FR2011/050893 WO2012143620A1 (fr) 2011-04-19 2011-04-19 Procédé de fabrication d'un isolateur composite utilisant une résine à haute performance thermique

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EP2700079A1 EP2700079A1 (de) 2014-02-26
EP2700079B1 true EP2700079B1 (de) 2018-10-24

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CN107987479B (zh) * 2017-12-13 2020-03-27 江西省萍乡市宇翔电瓷制造有限公司 一种复合瓷绝缘子的制备工艺
US11227708B2 (en) * 2019-07-25 2022-01-18 Marmon Utility Llc Moisture seal for high voltage insulator
CN110672956B (zh) * 2019-10-14 2020-07-03 华北电力大学 一种复合绝缘子温升判别方法
CN110931185B (zh) * 2019-12-10 2021-06-25 萍乡市信源电瓷制造有限公司 一种高强度柱式绝缘子的制备方法
US11581111B2 (en) 2020-08-20 2023-02-14 Te Connectivity Solutions Gmbh Composite polymer insulators and methods for forming same

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US20140054063A1 (en) 2014-02-27
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